JP5085945B2 - Disposal of granular waste - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for disposing of particulate waste such as suspended particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.), incinerated ash, shredder dust, etc. from a metal melting furnace or an incinerator.

  A managed waste disposal site is a landfill that disposes of waste that requires adequate management because sewage and gas may contaminate the environment in which it is generated due to changes in decomposition and elution. It is a disposal site. Such managed landfills include retaining walls to store waste and impervious works to prevent groundwater contamination by leachate, water collection facilities to collect leachate from landfills, and leachate to treat collected leachate. The facility is composed of water disposal equipment and equipment for eliminating generated gas.

  In conventional management-type waste disposal sites, the water-blocking sheet construction method for constructing synthetic resin-based sheets and synthetic rubber-based sheets was overwhelmingly adopted in terms of cost. However, due to the type and load of landfill waste, the natural conditions of the landfill, etc., there is a problem that it cannot withstand long-term use and lacks the reliability as a water barrier. Therefore, the present applicant has already proposed a management-type waste disposal facility and a management-type waste disposal method that do not require a water treatment facility that must be operated for a long time (see Patent Document 1).

  On the other hand, suspended particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.) from a metal melting furnace or an incinerator is one having a diameter of 10 μm or less. Incineration ash is a general term for ash discharged from an incinerator, and includes the above-mentioned suspended particulate matter, including those having a diameter of 10 μm or more.

  Shredder dust is a general term for a mixture of fragments such as plastic, glass, and rubber after recovering metals from a mixture of waste home appliances and waste cars crushed with a shredder for waste. However, it may be classified as, for example, 50 mm or more, 20 to 50 mm, or 20 mm or less. In these suspended particulate matters such as dust and soot dust, and granular waste such as incineration ash and shredder dust, there is a high possibility that they will be scattered by the wind from their fine powder form, and the fine particles are scattered. Difficult to settle later is difficult to handle.

  In addition, since there is a possibility that harmful substances such as heavy metals are mixed in these granular wastes as environmental pollutants, there are many cases in which strict measures are required for their disposal. For example, a metal melting furnace by induction melting is one of the metal melting furnaces that are suitable for advanced processing because the amount of exhaust gas is small because it does not involve heating gas or combustion, but is included in the exhaust gas of this metal melting furnace Metal fume is contained in suspended matter, but is generated by solidification of solid matter vapor, so it is finer solid particles (1 μm or less) than ordinary suspended particulate matter, and is oxidized in the air to become oxidized metal. Therefore, care should be taken when disposing of or disposing high-grade materials that are difficult to settle and may contain harmful metal fumes such as cadmium and lead.

  In addition, because shredder dust uses lead and cadmium in products such as automobiles, shredder dust derived from scrap cars contains lead in the order of thousands of ppm and cadmium in the order of tens of ppm. Since April 1996, it has been obliged to dispose of it at a managed disposal site.

  For this reason, proposals have been made for a long time to prevent the elution of heavy metals in waste by compression molding of granular waste such as incinerated ash with cement and an aqueous binder (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Waste such as incineration ash is mixed with water and cement, stirred, filled into a bag made of synthetic resin that has water barrier, air tightness, and weather resistance, cured, sealed, and then buried in the final disposal site. Proposals have also been made (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  The treatment method for preventing elution by solidifying wastes with the possibility of leaching of harmful substances together with cement and other solidifying agents in Patent Document 2 is effective as a long-term disposal method. Since it is feared that harmful substances are eluted during this period, Patent Document 3 provides means for filling a bag made of a synthetic resin having water barrier properties, air tightness, and weather resistance, curing, curing, and sealing.

Japanese Patent No. 3453706 JP-A-51-47574 JP 2000-288507 A

  However, even if the water is shielded with a bag made of synthetic resin, it is sufficiently considered that it cannot be used for a long period of time of 10 years or more, and a facility having a water shielding effect for a longer period is required. In addition, it is more likely to dispose of granular waste that is easily scattered and difficult to handle every time it is discarded. However, the amount of discarded granular waste is not constant, and a temporary storage facility is required to process a certain amount of waste.

  It is an object of the present invention to obtain a method for disposing of granular waste that can be disposed of each time it is disposed of, without requiring temporary storage of granular waste that is easily scattered and difficult to handle. To obtain a method for disposing of granular waste that can be managed over a long period of suspended particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.) from incinerators and incinerators, incinerated ash, shredder dust, etc. With the goal.

The disposal method of the granular waste according to the invention described in claim 1 is a concrete container shape that exposes the upper opening to shield leakage of leachate from the internal waste and intrusion of water from the outside. A process of partitioning a part of the area with a dam plate;
A step of adding a mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent to the granular waste material into an area partitioned by the barrier plate to form a solidified layer;
Partitioning another partial area inside the vessel facility with a weir plate;
Adding another mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or solidifying agent to another granular waste material into another area partitioned by the weir plate to form another solidified layer;
A method of disposing of granular waste by repeating the process of forming another solidified layer from the process of partitioning another part of the area with a dam plate, and forming a number of solidified layers adjacent to each other in the vessel facility. Because
As the vessel facility, the plane shape is a rectangular vessel shape, the inner method is a rectangular parallelepiped shape,
A plurality of grooves are formed in advance on the opposing inner wall surface of the vessel-like facility, and when another part of the interior of the vessel-like facility is partitioned by a dam plate, the opposite groove becomes a tension surface. It includes a step of passing a plate to form a stretched surface .

The disposal method of the granular waste according to the invention described in claim 2 is that the solidified layer is formed up to the vicinity of the upper opening position of the instrumental facility according to claim 1, and then water is supplied to the upper opening of the instrumental facility. Constructing a concrete lid-like facility that blocks and blocks
A step of burying the vessel-like facility and the lid-like facility in the ground.

  The present invention does not require temporary storage of dusty waste that is easy to scatter and is difficult to handle, and can be disposed of every time it is disposed of, and suspended particulate matter (dust, dust) from metal melting furnaces and incinerators. Etc.), incinerated ash, shredder dust and other granular wastes can be managed over a long period of time.

  In the present invention, a step of partitioning a partial area in a concrete vessel facility that exposes the upper opening and shields leakage of leachate from internal waste and intrusion of water from the outside with a weir plate And a step of introducing a mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent into the granular waste material into an area partitioned by a dam plate to form a solidified layer; The process of partitioning a part of the area with a dam plate, and another area in which another sludge obtained by mixing moisture and / or solidifying agent with another granular waste is partitioned by the dam plate The process of forming another solidified layer by repeating the process of forming another solidified layer and the process of partitioning another part of the area with a dam plate to form another solidified layer is adjacent to all of the vessel facilities.・ Because it is formed in layers, it does not require temporary storage of powdery waste that is easy to scatter and difficult to handle. It is possible to dispose of.

  That is, in the present invention, a part of the area inside the vessel-like facility is partitioned by a dam plate, and a sludge containing granular waste is put into the partition to form a solidified layer, and adjacent to the solidified layer. -By laminating to form another solidified layer, a solidified layer is formed each time the granular waste is discarded.

  When a large number of solidified layers formed adjacent to each other are spread over the entire facility, it is preferable that the leachate from the waste inside the facility be leaked from the outside without leaking outside. Manage so that water does not enter inside the vessel. As a preferred embodiment, after the solidified layer is formed to the vicinity of the upper opening position of the vessel-like facility, a concrete lid-like facility that blocks and blocks water to the upper opening of the vessel-like facility is integrally constructed; and And a step of burying the vessel-like facility and the lid-like facility in the ground.

  The vessel-like facility of the present invention only needs to shield leakage of leachate from internal waste and intrusion of water from the outside, and in order to achieve aged strength and shielding effect, To do. Further, in order to achieve further long-term strength and shielding effect, it is preferably made of reinforced concrete. Furthermore, a simple water shielding work for forming a water shielding layer such as a rubber sheet or a vinyl sheet on the inside of the vessel-like facility can be performed as necessary.

  The outer shape of the vessel-shaped facility can be any shape according to the terrain to be installed, but the plane shape is rectangular, taking into account the partial division of the barrier plate, etc. The inner method is a rectangular parallelepiped shape.

  The dam plate of the present invention divides a part of the area in the vessel-like facility, and puts a mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent into the granular waste in the compartment. What is necessary is just to form a solidified layer. Therefore, it is sufficient if the area corresponding to the amount of the mud is easily divided and has a strength capable of holding the divided area without leakage even when the mud is introduced. Specific material of the dam plate is made of plywood, metal foam, aluminum alloy panel, plastic foam, etc. used at the construction site. After the solidified layer is formed on the barrier plate, a release agent for removing it may be applied as necessary.

  When partitioning a certain area in a vessel-shaped facility, if a large amount of mud is introduced, a considerable load is applied to the dam plate. By limiting, it is not necessary to form a dam plate that is more robust than necessary. Depending on the size of the area to be partitioned, for example, if the height is 50 cm or less, a robust barrier plate is not necessary. As the dam plate, a dam plate assembled in a frame shape may be created and a solid body may be formed in the frame to form a solidified layer, but it is difficult to adjoin and laminate a large number of solidified layers. For this reason, a dam plate is created in an L-shape or U-shape so as to be adjacent to the inner wall of the vessel-like facility and / or the adjacent solidified layer, and simplified support work so that the partitioned dam plate is not displaced or broken. To support this.

  In the temporary construction of the support, it may be arranged to stretch on the inner wall surface of the instrumental facility facing the wall surface that is not the entrance side of the dam plate, or on one inner wall surface facing the longitudinal direction of the instrumental facility If there is a distance, use a reinforced concrete pillar projecting inside to improve the strength of the vessel-like facility on the inner wall facing in the short-side direction. It is good also as a stretched surface. Alternatively, a plurality of grooves may be formed in advance on the inner wall surface facing in the short direction when a vessel-shaped facility is constructed, and a plate or the like may be passed over the facing grooves to form a stretched surface.

  The mud according to the present invention is obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent with a granular waste, and may be any one that solidifies in a few hours to a few days to form a solidified layer. . Examples of the solidifying agent include cement, calcined gypsum, and water glass. This solidifying agent is not indispensable for granular waste that solidifies when mixed with water, such as granular waste mainly containing aluminum oxide, such as metal fume. Also, it may be asphalt or resin that heats and melts the solidifying agent without containing moisture, but it is easy to form bubbles when mixing and requires measures to prevent powdered waste from scattering during heating, Preferably, a solidifying agent such as cement or water glass is mixed with water to form a mud.

  In particular, when the solidifying agent is cement, there is an advantage also in conveying granular waste. That is, the granular waste is transported to the granular waste disposal facility in a sealed state in a container, and may be mixed with a solidifying agent in or near the facility to form a mud, but instead of the aggregate. In addition, it is possible not only to form a solidified layer without delay by feeding granular waste as a part of aggregate into a concrete mixer truck and transporting it to a disposal facility while stirring. Even if it is not sealed, it has advantages such as prevention of scattering of granular waste.

  Moreover, the conveyance with a concrete mixer truck can be utilized also in the granular waste mainly containing aluminum oxide like a metal fume which solidifies when mixed with water. In other words, instead of cement or by substituting a part of the cement and putting it into the concrete mixer truck, the granular waste that solidifies when mixed with water is put into a concrete mixer truck and transported to the disposal facility. In addition to being able to form a solidified layer, there are advantages such as prevention of scattering of granular waste even if the container is not sealed when transported.

  In addition, in order to improve the strength of the instrumental facility itself of the present invention, some partition wall surfaces may be formed inside the instrumental facility, and this partition wall surface may be formed instead of aggregate or bone. Using a granular waste as a part of the material, as a solidifying agent, a mud using a granular waste that solidifies when mixed with water instead of cement or cement or when a part of the cement is replaced. It may be used.

  As the lid-like facility of the present invention, it may be anything that blocks and blocks rainwater, groundwater and surface water from entering the upper opening of the vessel-like facility, in order to achieve aged strength and shielding effect, Made of concrete. Further, in order to achieve further long-term strength and shielding effect, it is preferably made of reinforced concrete. Furthermore, when integrated with a vessel-like facility, a simple water-blocking work can be performed as necessary, in which a water-blocking layer such as a rubber sheet or a vinyl sheet is further formed on the lower surface portion on the inside.

  The lid-like facility is produced in accordance with the outer shape of the unit-like facility. For small-scale facilities, a vessel-like facility and a lid-like facility are prepared in advance, and after the solidified layer is formed adjacent to and laminated to the vicinity of the opening position, the lid-like facility may be suspended and integrated with a crane or the like. In the case of a large scale, a construction method may be adopted in which a vessel-like facility is constructed and a solidified layer is formed adjacent to and laminated to the vicinity of the opening position, and then a lid-like facility is constructed thereon.

  As the lid-like facility according to the present invention, in particular, a raindrop, surface water and groundwater are formed on the periphery of the lid-like facility so as to cover and wrap around from the upper opening of the vessel-like facility to the upper outer wall. Can be prevented for a long time.

  In the present invention, preferably, a concrete vessel facility that shields leakage of leachate containing internal waste and harmful substances generated therefrom, and intrusion of water from the outside, and rainwater from the upper opening of the vessel facility Since it has a concrete lid-like facility that blocks and blocks the intrusion of water such as groundwater or surface water, all movement of water passing through waste is prevented. As a result, leakage of leachate containing harmful substances in waste to the outside can be substantially eliminated, and a water treatment facility that must be operated for a long time can be eliminated. In addition, since the land after the disposal facility is reclaimed does not require a special treatment facility, it can be used for a park or the like.

  In the method for disposing of granular waste according to the present invention, since it is a granular waste of floating particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.), incineration ash, and shredder dust from metal melting furnaces and incinerators, During storage, gas is not decomposed and gas is not generated, and therefore there is basically no need for a vent hole communicating with the inside of the vessel facility closed by the lid facility.

  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the construction process of the roof facility includes a step of constructing a drainage facility that prevents surface water from entering the upper opening. Thereby, when many solidified layers are formed inside the vessel-shaped facility, since the roof covers the vessel-like facility, unnecessary intrusion of rainwater can be prevented.

  Preferably, the construction process of the roof facility includes a step of constructing a drainage facility that prevents surface water from entering the upper opening. For this reason, it is possible to prevent rainwater from entering when carrying waste and soil or clay. Further, preferably, a roof facility removal process is further added, and is performed simultaneously with the roof facility construction process included in the construction process of another instrumental facility. Thereby, it is possible to prevent intrusion of rainwater when carrying waste and soil or clay without delay with a material of one roof facility.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a granular waste disposal facility for performing the disposal method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the granular waste disposal facility shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the vessel-shaped facility. FIG. 3A is a longitudinal cross-section showing the state of the construction process of the vessel-like facility, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view showing the state of the solidified layer forming step. As shown in the figure, the waste disposal facility (1) includes a reinforced concrete container facility (2) and a reinforced concrete lid facility (3) that closes the upper opening of the container facility (2). .

  Since the vessel-like facility (2) and the lid-like facility (3) are made of reinforced concrete, the leakage of leachate from internal waste and the burial of underground for decades to hundreds of decades It is possible to keep the closed state by blocking the entry of groundwater and surface water from the outside. In addition, a dripping edge (4) is formed on the periphery of the lid-like facility (3) so as to cover the upper opening of the vessel-like facility (2) to the upper part of the outer edge side wall, so that water can enter from outside. As a result, it is possible to perform reliable blockage.

Waste disposal equipment used in this disposal method (1) The construction procedure is as follows.
(1) Excavate.
(2) After excavation as planned, roll the ground to harden the ground.
(3) Pit foundation concrete and foundation concrete (reinforced concrete).
(4) Make a square reinforced concrete wall (make a rectangular vessel (2)).
(5) Refill the outside of the vessel facility (2) with earth and sand.

(6) A steel slate / steel roofing facility (5) as shown by the broken line will be constructed to prevent rainwater from entering the vessel facility (2).
(7) Make a road to the public road by embedding a concrete mixer truck (agitator) and other transport vehicles at one end of the vessel. The vessel-shaped facility that forms a solidified layer has a roof, and rainwater does not enter the vessel-like facility (2) even when mud containing granular waste is introduced.

(8) Slurry containing granular waste is put into the vessel-like facility (2) completed as described above to form a solidified layer. The granular waste is transported to the granular waste disposal facility (1) in a sealed state in a container and may be mixed with a solidifying agent in or near the facility to form a mud, but it is mixed with water. In addition to the granular waste that solidifies immediately, the granular waste may be put into a concrete mixer truck instead of the aggregate or as part of the aggregate and conveyed to the disposal facility (1) with stirring. .

(9) As shown in FIG. 2, before introducing the mud body, the area where the mud body is introduced is defined by using a dam plate (7) inside the vessel-like facility (2a). As the weir plate (7), a sectioned weir plate is created in an L shape (or U shape) so as to be adjacent to a part of the inner wall of the vessel-like facility (2) and the adjacent solidified layer (6). A simple support (8) will be temporarily installed so that it will not slip or break. The temporary construction of the support (8) will be arranged so as to stretch on the inner wall of the vessel-like facility (2) facing the wall of the barrier plate (7) where the release agent is not applied. At that time, the support work (8) can be used as a stretched surface by passing a plate (80) etc. to a pair of opposing concrete columns (21) projecting inside the facility (2), or the inner wall of the facility (2). Is temporarily installed as a tension surface. As another example, a plurality of grooves (2c) are formed in advance on the inner wall surface of the instrumental facility (2b) as in the instrumental facility (2b), and the tensioning surface is formed in the opposing groove (2c). It is also possible to pass a plate (80) or the like to be a stretched surface.

(10) After the formation area of the mud is formed by the barrier plate (7), the mud is introduced, and the upper surface is leveled and solidified and cured. After sufficient curing, the weir plate (7) is removed and a solidified layer (6) is formed. Adjacent to the obtained solidified layer (6), another weir plate (7) is used to form a new input region, and the solidified layer (6) is adjacent and laminated to form a vessel-shaped facility (2). To the vicinity of the opening position.

(11) The rebar is stretched over the top solidified layer (6), and concrete is cast to construct the lid-like facility (3). In addition, a dripping edge (4) is formed on the periphery of the lid-like facility (3) so as to cover the upper opening of the vessel-like facility (2) up to the upper part of the outer edge side wall, thereby providing a reliable closing structure.

(12) The granular waste contained in the sludge is suspended particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.), incineration ash, and shredder dust from metal melting furnaces and incinerators. It is not necessary to decompose and generate gas during safe storage, but it is necessary to observe the state of the vessel facility regularly. Therefore, a large number of guide pipes (9) serving as guide holes for various sensors are installed on the side. In addition, a simple water shielding work such as a rubber sheet or a vinyl sheet may be applied to the inside of the vessel-like facility (2) so that the waste does not directly contact the concrete wall.

(13) During the construction of the lid-like facility (3), the roof facility (5) will be removed. At this time, along with the removal work, while constructing another instrumental facility (2), constructing a roof facility (5) covering this another instrumental facility (2), one roof facility (5) Intrusion of rainwater can be prevented with no delay.

(14) After the construction of the lid-like facility (3) is completed and the waste disposal facility (1) is completed, the waste disposal facility (1) is buried with earth and sand. The thickness of earth and sand is about 2 to 3 m, and the buried site can be a park as shown in FIG. 1 or can be used as farmland.

  As described above, in a general management-type disposal site, it has been necessary to carry out the treatment of sewage until the sewage is not leached for a long period of 10 to 20 years after the completion of landfill. For this reason, a large cost was required even after the completion of landfill. On the other hand, in the method for disposing of granular waste according to the present invention, the construction cost is large at the beginning of construction, but the cost after completion of landfill is almost unnecessary. In addition, the use of the landfill site is characterized by a higher degree of freedom than a general managed disposal site.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the granular waste disposal facility which performs the disposal method of this invention. It is a top view of the granular waste disposal facility shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of a vessel-shaped facility, a figure is a longitudinal section which shows the state of the construction process of a container-like facility, and b figure is a cross section which shows the state of the formation process of a solidified layer.

Explanation of symbols

(1)… Waste disposal equipment,
(2)… Instrumental facilities,
(2a)… Various facilities,
(21)… Concrete pillar,
(2b)… Instrumental facilities,
(2c) ... Groove,
(3)… Covered facility,
(4) ... Dripping edge,
(5)… Roof facility,
(6)… solidified layer,
(7)… weir plate,
(8)… support work,
(80) ... board,
(9)… Guide pipe,

Claims (2)

Demarcating a portion of the area in the concrete facility made of concrete that exposes the upper opening and shields the leakage of leachate from the waste inside and the ingress of water from the outside; and
A step of adding a mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent to the granular waste material into an area partitioned by the barrier plate to form a solidified layer;
Partitioning another partial area inside the vessel facility with a weir plate;
Adding another mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or solidifying agent to another granular waste material into another area partitioned by the weir plate to form another solidified layer;
A method of disposing of granular waste by repeating the process of forming another solidified layer from the process of partitioning another part of the area with a dam plate, and forming a number of solidified layers adjacent to each other in the vessel facility. Because
As the vessel facility, the plane shape is a rectangular vessel shape, the inner method is a rectangular parallelepiped shape,
A plurality of grooves are formed in advance on the opposing inner wall surfaces of the vessel-like facility, and when another part of the interior of the vessel-like facility is partitioned by a dam plate, the opposite groove becomes a stretched surface. A method for disposing of granular waste , comprising a step of passing a plate to form a stretched surface . After the solidified layer is formed to the vicinity of the upper opening position of the vessel-like facility, a step of constructing a concrete lid-like facility that blocks and blocks water to the upper opening of the vessel-like facility, and
The disposal method of the granular waste according to claim 1, further comprising a step of burying the vessel-like facility and the lid-like facility in the ground.

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