WO2009152678A1 - 旋流分离器 - Google Patents

旋流分离器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009152678A1
WO2009152678A1 PCT/CN2009/000035 CN2009000035W WO2009152678A1 WO 2009152678 A1 WO2009152678 A1 WO 2009152678A1 CN 2009000035 W CN2009000035 W CN 2009000035W WO 2009152678 A1 WO2009152678 A1 WO 2009152678A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
inlet
cyclone separator
cone
separator according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/000035
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张苓
Original Assignee
北京中天油石油天然气科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京中天油石油天然气科技有限公司 filed Critical 北京中天油石油天然气科技有限公司
Priority to US12/999,883 priority Critical patent/US8333283B2/en
Publication of WO2009152678A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009152678A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0217—Separation of non-miscible liquids by centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C11/00—Accessories, e.g. safety or control devices, not otherwise provided for, e.g. regulators, valves in inlet or overflow ducting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
    • B04C5/081—Shapes or dimensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B04C2009/007—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with internal rotors, e.g. impeller, ventilator, fan, blower, pump
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cyclone separator, and more particularly to a cyclone separator for liquid-liquid, solid-liquid, gas-solid separation. Background technique
  • the cyclone separator works on the principle of centrifugal sedimentation.
  • the two-phase or three-phase mixed liquid to be separated is tangentially introduced into the cyclone from the periphery of the cyclone at a certain pressure, a strong rotational shear turbulent motion is generated. Due to the difference in particle size or density between the coarse or heavy phase and the fine or light phase, it is subject to different centrifugal forces, centripetal buoyancy, fluid drag, etc., subject to centrifugal sedimentation, most coarse particles or heavy phases. It is discharged through the bottom opening of the cyclone, and most of the fine particles or light phase are discharged by the overflow pipe, thereby achieving the purpose of separation and classification.
  • the application of the cyclone separator in the treatment of oily sewage is a liquid-liquid centrifugal separation technology, which has the advantages of small volume, light weight and small footprint.
  • the technology was produced at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom in the 1970s.
  • the hydrocyclone developed by MTThew was first applied to oil-water separation. In the 1980s, the cyclone technology was applied to the liquid-liquid of the petroleum industry. Separation. In the next two decades, the liquid-liquid separation hydrocyclone has been continuously improved.
  • the liquid-liquid hydrocyclone separator relies on the rotation of the fluid to generate centrifugal force for the purpose of separating different substances.
  • Chinese invention patent 02349957.7 Publication date: May 21, 2003 discloses a swirling oil-water separator suitable for sewage treatment in oilfield production fluid treatment, mainly by inlet section and acceleration section.
  • the separating section and the steady flow section are composed of four rotating bodies, the oil discharging pipe is disposed at the center of the end of the inlet section, and the tangential inlet is further provided at the inlet section. After the liquid mixture enters the mouth section tangentially from the inlet, a high-speed rotation occurs.
  • the heavy component Due to the different density of the light and heavy components in the mixture, under the action of centrifugal force, the heavy component will move toward the rotating wall of the cyclone and be thick near the wall. Set, during the rotation, gradually move toward the bottom exit, and finally discharge the cyclone. At the same time, the light component will move toward the central axis of the cyclone to form an oil core, which flows toward the inlet and exits from the overflow port, thus achieving separation of light and heavy components.
  • the deoiled cyclone water separator is usually used to treat oily sewage, that is, the oil content is less than 2% of the oil-water mixture to remove the oil from the sewage.
  • the above-mentioned swirling water separator is used to treat the sewage with low oil content, and the water content of the oil discharged from the oil discharge pipe may be high, especially when separating the sewage with large oil content or high viscosity, the effect is relatively poor.
  • Swirl centrifugal separation has similar problems when it is applied to solid-liquid, gas-solid and gas-liquid separation. That is, short circuit is likely to occur between the inlet of the cyclone centrifugal separation and the light phase outlet, resulting in poor separation. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an improved cyclone separator which has a wide range of applications, stable operation, high separation efficiency and low energy consumption.
  • the present invention provides a cyclone separator comprising a sequentially connected inlet section, a first cone and a steady flow section; the inlet section being provided with at least one tangential inlet, the inlet tube and the tangential inlet phase
  • the first cone is a downwardly constricted cone
  • the steady flow section is an elongated cylindrical tube having an outlet at the tail thereof, wherein the separator further comprises the inlet section A second cone or constricted body that is joined thereto, the second cone or constricted body being contracted upwardly and having a top opening.
  • a shaft is provided at a shaft center line of the cyclone separator, and further, the shaft is a cylinder, and the cylinder is hollow at least from a vicinity of a middle portion of the inlet section to a top opening, and The cylinder is closed near the middle of the inlet section and its top is open, and a hollow side wall of the cylinder adjacent to the closed position is provided with a hole communicating with the top.
  • the shaft is rotatable, and the shaft is provided with a booster paddle at a position above the middle of the inlet section.
  • the booster paddle is a small impeller driven by a motor.
  • the rotational speed of the shaft is between 20 and 3000 rpm, depending on the shear characteristics of the medium to be separated, and the direction of rotation preferably coincides with the swirling direction.
  • an adjustable speed motor or an output speed adjustable transmission can be used.
  • the radius of the booster paddle should not be too large to prevent excessive fluid disturbance.
  • the rotational speed of the booster slurry can be set according to the nature of the medium to be separated. For example, when the viscosity of the medium to be separated is high, a lower rotational speed can be used, and when the viscosity of the medium to be separated is low, a higher rotational speed can be used.
  • the booster paddle is mainly used for separating the oil containing a large viscosity and the sewage containing a large amount of oil.
  • the oil having a higher viscosity at a certain speed has a shear thinning characteristic of the non-Newtonian fluid, and the rotation of the assisting paddle When the agitation is accelerated, the viscosity of the oil is lowered, the fluidity is improved, and it is easy to accelerate the rise along the tapered surface.
  • the cylinder is configured to be rotatable about a central axis of the separator, and a downwardly extending spiral passage is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder adjacent the inlet of the steady flow section.
  • the purpose of this spiral passage is to reduce the reciprocal disturbance of the heavy phase of the anchoring rotation at the inlet of the steady flow section, which is advantageous for separation.
  • the elongated cylinder can be driven by a motor at a speed of 20-3000 rpm, and the direction of rotation preferably coincides with the direction of swirling.
  • the rotating cylinder acts as a flow guide.
  • Part of the upwardly flowing light phase medium enters the cylindrical tube through a hole in the wall of the cylindrical tube and flows upward along the inner wall of the tube, which is more advantageous for the separation of the light phase medium.
  • a booster paddle is optionally mounted on the cylinder according to the requirements of the separation condition, and the booster paddle is disposed at a position above the middle of the inlet section.
  • the first cone has an acceleration section and a separation section, and the acceleration section and the separation section have different cone angles, and preferably the cone angle of the acceleration section is larger than the separation section Cone angle.
  • first cone and the second cone have different taper angles adjacent the inlet section, wherein the first cone angle is between 10° and 30°.
  • the tangential inlets are two, and the two tangential inlets are arranged at the inlet section to rotate the fluid entering the inlet section, preferably counterclockwise.
  • the two tangential entrances are spaced 180 apart. Arranged at the same height. It will be appreciated that it is also possible to set other numbers of tangential entries.
  • the downstream of the top opening is provided with a valve for opening and closing the top opening.
  • the valve can be opened periodically to better extract the separated light phase medium.
  • a discharge pipe is also connected to the top opening to discharge the separated light phase medium.
  • the advantages of the invention are obvious, it has a wide working range and can be applied to liquid-liquid, solid-liquid,
  • the gas-solid two-phase separation has high efficiency and simple structure, low energy consumption and small floor space. They can be used alone or in parallel or in series, and can be combined with existing devices for flexibility and convenience.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a cyclone separator in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of the structure shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a cyclone separator in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of yet another embodiment of a cyclone separator in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of still another embodiment of a cyclone separator in accordance with the present invention. List of reference signs
  • 1-cyclonic separator 2-inlet section; 3-first cone; 4-second cone or constrictor; 5-acceleration section; 6-separation section; 7-stabilization section; 8-inflow tube 9-axis rod; 10a-cylinder 10-assisted paddle; 11-tangential inlet; 12-outlet; 13-nozzle; 14-top opening;
  • the cyclone separator generally designated by the numeral 1, comprises a sequentially connected inlet section 2, a first cone 3 and a steady flow section 7.
  • the first cone 3 is a circular cone that contracts downward.
  • the steady flow section 7 is an elongated cylindrical tube having an outlet 12 at its tail.
  • the inlet section 2 is a cylindrical straight section provided with at least one tangential inlet 11. For example, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, there are two tangential inlets 11 which are arranged at the same height by 180°.
  • each tangential inlet 11 can also be disposed at a different height.
  • the inlet tube 8 is plugged onto the tangential inlet 11 and is preferably flush with the inner wall of the inlet section 2.
  • an inlet pipe 8 is omitted to show the tangential inlet 11.
  • the inlet is preferably configured at the inlet section 2 to enable the fluid to rotate counterclockwise.
  • the inner diameter of the inlet tube 8 is reduced at the orifice 13 to increase the flow rate.
  • the medium in the cyclone 1 such as the oil-water two-phase medium is separated by the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation, the high-speed rotary motion necessarily brings about the shear stress, and the existence of the shear stress causes the oil drop.
  • the separated dispersed phase is broken into smaller droplets, which increases the difficulty of separation. Therefore, the fluid inlet velocity of the cyclone separator is not as large as possible, and the inlet velocity should be controlled within a certain range.
  • the inner diameter of the inlet pipe 8 is reduced to about half at the nozzle opening 13.
  • the cyclone separator is operated under normal pressure, as far as possible. Avoid working with a pressurized pump to save energy.
  • the size of the inlet tube 8 can be adjusted accordingly depending on the medium to be separated.
  • the separator further includes a second cone or constriction 4 (hereinafter referred to as a second cone 4 or cone 4) that is attached to the inlet section 2, the cone or contraction
  • the body 4 is also preferably a circular cone or constriction and contracts upwardly to form an oil collecting section.
  • the cone 4 can be composed of different cone segments or contraction segments with a top opening ⁇ 4.
  • a discharge pipe 15 is also connected to the top opening 14.
  • a valve for opening and closing the top opening 14 may be provided downstream of the top opening 14. The valve is periodically opened while the separator is in operation. .
  • the first cone 3 is preferably designed to have an acceleration section 5, a separation section 6, which are connected in series.
  • the taper of the acceleration section 5 e.g., 10°-30°
  • the taper of the acceleration section 5 is much larger than the taper of the separation section 6, but the length is shorter than the latter. Since the taper of the separation section 6 is reduced relative to the acceleration section 5, the swirling velocity of the descending medium is increased, and this structure is more advantageous for the separation of two phases of different densities such as oil-water two phases.
  • the acceleration section 5 can be composed of thousands of different taper segments as needed.
  • a booster blade 10 is provided at a central position on the middle of the inlet section 2, and the second cone is provided. Or the contraction body 4 is coaxial.
  • the booster paddle 10 is a small impeller that is mounted on the shaft 9 and is driven by a motor through a worm-worm drive (not shown).
  • the speed of the booster is 20-3000 rpm.
  • a motor with adjustable speed or a transmission with adjustable output speed can be used.
  • the radius of the booster paddle 10 is not too large to prevent the fluid from being disturbed too much, and the rotational speed thereof can be adjusted according to the nature of the medium to be separated. For example, when treating sewage containing a relatively high viscosity oil, a lower rotation speed is used, and when a two-phase medium having a smaller viscosity is treated, a higher rotation speed can be employed.
  • the booster paddle 10 is mainly used to separate oils containing large viscosity and sewage containing large amounts of oil.
  • the oil having a higher viscosity at a speed has a shear thinning characteristic of the non-Newtonian fluid, and the rotation of the assisting paddle 10 is accelerated, the viscosity of the oil is lowered, and the fluidity is improved, so that it is easy to accelerate up along the tapered surface.
  • a mixed fluid such as an oil-water mixture is tangentially introduced into the cone from the inlet pipe 8, and the fluid is subjected to a certain pressure and tangentially enters the cyclone separator, and is subjected to the side wall. Constrained, the tangential motion becomes a rotational motion, creating a vortex flow.
  • the swirling action is enhanced by the action of the cone surface.
  • the lower density phase migrates toward the center of the shaft, and passes through the second cone of the large diameter.
  • the body or contraction makes it easy to accommodate the light phase of the reverse flow (oil phase) and shrinks along the inner surface, with the flow velocity maximizing at the top opening. This allows the light phase medium to be taken out, and it is not easy to entrain the heavy phase medium.
  • the denser phase (aqueous phase) moves toward the side wall, and the cyclone separator 1 is discharged from the bottom through the steady flow section 7. If a valve for opening and closing the top opening 14 is provided downstream of the top opening 14, and the valve is periodically opened while the separator is in operation, the effect of extracting the light phase medium is better.
  • the structure is more suitable for liquid-liquid and liquid-gas separation, as shown in Fig. 5, an elongated cylinder is provided at the central axis of the cyclone separator 1.
  • the cylinder 10a typically extends from the top opening 14 through the steady flow section 7.
  • the cylindrical body 10a can be rotated by a motor, and the rotation speed is in the range of 20-3000 rpm.
  • the cylinder is hollow at least from the vicinity of the middle of the inlet section 2 to the top opening 14, and the cylinder 10a is closed near the middle of the inlet section 2 and its top is open, and the cylinder is close to the closed position.
  • the hollow side wall is provided with a hole communicating with the top.
  • the cylinder or shaft 10a to extend only from the top opening 14 to the middle of the inlet section 2, i.e., near the tangential inlet 11.
  • the light phase medium migrates toward the center of the shaft, and gathers near the inlet 11
  • a plurality of separated light phase mediums are provided, the holes are arranged to allow a part of the separated light phase medium to enter the hollow portion of the cylinder 10a, and flow along the inner wall to rapidly remove the light phase medium collected near the holes. The less dense phase is prevented from re-mixing with the medium to be separated entering from the inlet pipe 8.
  • a downwardly extending spiral passage (not shown) is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder 10a near the steady flow section 7 so as to be downward when rotated in the same direction as the swirling direction. Pressure so that the heavy phase medium is further thickened.
  • the booster paddle 10 may be attached to the upper portion of the cylindrical body 10a at the center of the inlet section 2. It should be understood that when the agitating paddle and the spiral passage are not provided, the cylinder 10a may not rotate, and at this time, the structure is much simpler.
  • the cylinder 10a can also extend to a position above the inlet of the steady flow section 7, and a downwardly extending spiral passage is provided on the outer wall near the position.
  • the remainder of the cylinder 10a may be hollow, but structurally not in communication with the upper cylindrical tube.
  • the first cone 3 of the cyclone separator in these embodiments is also preferably constructed with an acceleration section 5, a separation section 6, which is connected in series, as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the overall structure of the cyclone separator according to the present invention is substantially a double-cone structure, in the form of a heavy phase in the upper light phase under the centrifugal force and the enrichment of the double cone; in addition, the interior of the cyclone separator It is equipped with a rotating shaft for guiding and assisting, which enhances the internal swirling movement and separation effect.
  • the cyclone separator is a vertical structure, which makes the light and heavy phase easier due to the acceleration of gravity when the internal mixed medium rotates. Separation.
  • This cyclone separator can be widely applied to wastewater treatment in industries such as petroleum, chemical, steel, paper, electricity and light industry, and can also be used for two phases with different densities such as solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, gas-solid, etc. Separation.

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Description

旋流分离器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种旋流分离器， 尤其涉及用于液 -液、 固 -液、 气-固分离 的旋流分离器。 背景技术
旋流分离器作为一种常见的分离分级设备， 其工作原理是离心沉降。 当待分离的两相或三相混合液以一定压力从旋流器周边切向进入旋流器 内后， 产生强烈的旋转剪切湍流运动。 由于粗颗粒或重相与细颗粒或轻相 之间存在着粒度差或密度差， 其受到的离心力、 向心浮力、 流体曳力等大 小不同， 受离心沉降作用， 大部分粗颗粒或重相经旋流器底流口排出， 而 大部分细颗粒或轻相由溢流管排出， 从而达到分离分级的目的。
旋流分离器在含油污水处理方面的应用是一种液-液离心分离技术，它 具有体积小、 重量轻、 占地少等优点。 该技术在二十世纪七十年代产生于 英国 Southampton大学， 由 M.T.Thew首先将研制的水力旋流器应用于油- 水分离， 并在八十年代将旋流技术应用在石油工业的液 -液分离。在以后的 二十多年， 液-液分离水力旋流器不断得到改进。
液-液水力旋流分离器是依靠流体的旋转产生离心力来达到分离不同 物质的目的。 中国发明专利 02239957.7 (公开日： 2003年 5月 21 日 ） 中 公开了一种旋流油水分离器， 该分离器适合用于油田采出液处理过程中的 污水处理， 主要由入口段、 加速段、 分离段和稳流段四个回转体组成， 其 出油管设置在入口段端部的中心位置， 在入口段还设有两个切向入口。 液 体混合物从入口沿切向流进入口段后， 产生高速旋转， 由于混合物中轻重 组分的密度不同，在离心力的作用下，重组分将向旋流器回转壁面处运动， 并在壁面附近浓集， 在旋转过程中， 逐渐向底部出口运动， 最终排出旋流 器。 与此同时， 轻组分将向旋流器中心轴处运动， 形成油芯， 并向入口方 向流动， 从溢流口排出， 这样就实现了轻重组分的分离。
较早的中国发明专利 00217613.0 (公开日： 2001年 3月 14 日 ） 中也 公开了一种旋流油水分离器，其基本结构与上述专利相似，只不过加速段、 分离段具有多个锥度， 因而分离效果可能会好一些。
对油-水分离用水力旋流器而言， 分为脱油型和脱水型两种。通常使用 脱油型旋流油水分离器来处理含油污水， 即含油量小于油-水混合液 2%的 场合， 来脱去污水中的油。 此时采用上述旋流油水分离器处理含油量较低 的污水， 从出油管排出的油的含水率可能会较高， 特别是分离含油量大或 粘度较高的污水时， 效果相对较差。 另外， 由于入口处各种含油污水压力 不一， 或经常有波动， 从而得不到稳定的反向流动的油芯， 分离出的油不 能顺利地从细小的溢油口流出， 还可能造成分开的油和水重新混合， 这是 不希望的。
旋流离心分离应用于固液、 气固和气液等分离时也存在相似的问题， 即旋流离心分离的进口与轻相出口之间易发生短路， 造成分离效果不好。 发明内容
因此， 本发明的任务是克服现有技术之不足， 提出一种改进的旋流分 离器， 它适用范围广， 工作稳定， 分离效率高并具有耗能小的特点。
为此， 本发明提供一种旋流分离器， 包括顺次连接的入口段、 第一锥 体和稳流段；所述入口段设有至少一个切向入口，进流管与切向入口相接； 该第一锥体为向下收缩的圆锥体； 所述稳流段是呈细长形的圆柱管， 其尾 部设有出口， 其特征在于， 所述分离器还包括位于所述入口段上方与之相 接的第二锥体或收缩体，该第二锥体或收缩体向上收缩，并具有顶部开口。
由于紧靠入口段没有设置小口径的溢流口， 而用大口径的第二锥体或 收缩体， 使得很容易容纳反向流动的轻相， 例如油， 并沿第二锥体或收缩 体内面收缩，使轻相的流动速度在顶部开口达到最大。这样可将轻相引出， 而不易夹带重相， 例如水。
根据本发明的进一步特征， 该旋流分离器的轴中心线处设有一轴， 该 进一步地， 上述轴为圆柱体， 该圓柱体至少从所述入口段的中部附近 到顶部开口为中空， 并且该圓柱体在所述入口段的中部附近被封闭而其顶 部敞开， 而靠近被封闭位置的该圆柱体的中空侧壁上设有与所述顶部相连 通的孔。 所述的轴可以旋转， 该轴在所述入口段中部偏上位置设有助力桨。 助 力桨为小叶轮， 由电机带动。 该轴的转速在 20-3000转 /分， 视待分离介质 的剪切特性而定， 旋转方向最好与旋流方向一致。 为此可采用转速可调的 电机或输出速度可调的变速器。
所述助力桨的半径不宜太大， 以防流体扰动过大。 助力浆的转速可以 根据待分离介质的性质来设定， 例如在待分离介质的粘度较高时， 可采用 较低的转速， 而待分离介质的粘度较低时， 可采用较高的转速。 在本发明 中， 助力桨主要用于分离含粘度较大的油和含油量大的污水， 在一定的速 度下粘度较大的油具有非牛顿流体的剪切变稀特性， 经助力桨的旋转搅拌 加速， 油的粘度降低， 流动性得到改善， 从而易于沿锥面加速上升。
另外， 在本发明进一步的结构中， 所述圓柱体配置成能绕分离器的中 心轴线旋转， 而且在所述稳流段入口附近的圆柱体的外壁上设有向下延伸 的螺旋通道。 设这种螺旋通道的目的在于减轻贴壁旋转的重相在稳流段的 入口处产生回流扰动， 有利于分离。 该细长的圓柱体可以由电机带动， 转 速在 20-3000转 /分， 旋转方向最好与旋流方向一致。
这种情况下， 旋转的圆柱体起到导流的作用。 部分向上流动的轻相介 质进入通过圆柱管壁上的孔进入该圆柱管内， 沿管内壁向上流出， 更有利 于轻相介质的分离。 根据分离工况的需要， 在圓柱体上可选地安装有助力 桨， 该助力桨设置在入口段中部偏上位置。
有利的是， 在根据本发明的旋流分离器中， 所述第一锥体具有加速段 和分离段， 并且该加速段和分离段具有不同的锥角， 优选加速段的锥角大 于分离段的锥角。 这种结构使分离器具有更好的分离效果。
此外， 所述第一锥体和第二锥体靠近所述入口段处具有不同的锥角， 其中第一锥角角度在 10°〜30°之间。 在上述旋流分离器中， 所述切向入口 为两个， 两切向入口在入口段布置成使进入该入口段内的流体旋转， 优选 呈逆时针旋转。 在这里， 两切向入口间隔 180。布置在同一高度上。 可以理 解， 设置其它数目的切向入口也是可行的。
根据本发明的一个方面， 所述顶部开口下游最好设有用于开关该顶部 开口的阀。 所述阀可被定期打开， 以更好地将分离出的轻相介质引出。 在 该顶部开口上还连接有排出管， 以便排出分离出来的轻相介质。
本发明的优点是明显的， 它工作范围广， 可以应用于液 -液、 固 -液、 气-固的两相分离， 效率高且结构简单， 同时耗能低， 占地面积小。 既可以 单独使用， 也可以并联或串联使用， 还能与现有装置联合使用， 灵活方便。 附图说明
以下， 结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施例， 其中：
图 1 为根据本发明的旋流分离器的一个实施例的示意图；
图 2 为沿图 1中的 A-A线剖的、 放大了的截面图；
图 3为图 2所示结构的局部放大图；
图 4为根据本发明的旋流分离器的另一实施例的示意图；
图 5为根据本发明的旋流分离器的又一实施例的示意图；
图 6为根据本发明的旋流分离器的再一实施例的示意图。 附图标记一览表
1-旋流分离器； 2-入口段； 3-第一锥体； 4-第二锥体或收缩体； 5-加速段； 6-分离段； 7-稳流段； 8-进流管； 9-轴杆； 10a-圆柱体 10-助力桨； 11-切向入口； 12-出口； 13-管口； 14-顶部开口；
15-排出管。 具体实施方式
图 1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例， 在本说明书中， 相同的参考数 字在不同实施例中表示相同的部件。 从图 1中看出， 总体用数字 1表示的 旋流分离器， 包括顺次连接的入口段 2、 第一锥体 3和稳流段 7。 第一锥 体 3为向下收缩的圓形锥体。 稳流段 7是呈细长形的圆柱管， 其尾部设有 出口 12。 入口段 2为圆柱形的直管段， 其设有至少一个切向入口 11。 例 如图 2和 3所示， 在本实施例中， 切向入口 11有两个， 它们间隔 180°布 置在同一高度上。 当然， 本领域普通技术人员可以很容易想到设有其它数 目的切向入口， 其中各切向入口 11也可设置在不同的高度。 进流管 8插 接在切向入口 11上， 并优选与入口段 2内壁齐平。 在图 2中， 一根进流 管 8被省略， 以显示切向入口 11。 入口在入口段 2最好构造成能使流体呈 逆时针旋转。 进流管 8的内径在管口 13处被缩小， 以增加流速。 一般来说， 入口 直径越小， 则进口速度越大， 离心力越大， 在一定程度上有利于粒度或密 度不同的两相例如油水两相的分离。 由于旋流器 1内的介质如油水两相介 质是在高速旋转所产生的离心力的作用下而进行分离的， 高速旋转运动必 然带来剪应力的作用， 这种剪应力的存在会使油滴等被分离的分散相破碎 成更小的液滴， 加大了分离的难度。 所以旋流分离器的流体入口速度并非 越大越好， 入口速度应控制在一定的范围内。 在本实施例中， 进流管 8的 内径在在管口 13处被减到一半左右， 原则上在进行液 -液两相例如油水分 离时， 使旋流分离器在常压下工作， 尽量避免加压泵工作， 以节省能源。 进流管 8的尺寸设计可以根据待分离的介质进行相应的调整。
再参见图 1 , 所述分离器还包括位于所述入口段 2上方与之相接的第 二锥体或收缩体 4 (下称第二锥体 4或锥体 4 ), 该锥体或收缩体 4也优选 为圆形锥体或收缩体并向上收缩， 构成集油段。 锥体 4可以由不同的锥体 段或收缩体段组成，具有顶部开口 ί4。在顶部开口 14还连接有排出管 15。 在所述顶部开口 14下游可设有用于开关该顶部开口 14的阀。 所述的阀在 分离器工作时被定期打开。.
如图 4所示， 在本发明的另一实施例中， 第一锥体 3优选设计成具有 顺次连接的加速段 5、 分离段 6。 其中加速段 5的锥度 （例如 10°-30° )远 远大于分离段 6的锥度， 但长度短于后者。 由于分离段 6的锥度相对于加 速段 5减小， 使下行介质的旋流速度增加， 这种结构更有利于密度不同的 两相例如油水两相的分离。 根据需要， 加速段 5可以由若千不同锥度段组 成。
在用上述旋流分离器进行油水分离时， 考虑到污水含油量大或要分离 的油粘度较大， 在入口段 2的中部偏上的中心位置还设有助力桨 10, 与第 二锥体或收缩体 4同轴。 助力桨 10为小叶轮， 被装在轴杆 9上， 由电机 通过蜗轮-蜗杆传动装置 （未示出） 带动。 助力桨的转速在 20-3000转 /分。 为此， 可采用转速可调的电机或输出速度可调的变速器。
所述的助力桨 10半径不宜太大， 以防流体扰动过大， 且其转动速度 可以根据待分离介质的性质进行调整。 例如在处理含粘度较大的油的污水 时， 采用较低的转速， 而在处理粘度较小的两相介质时， 可采用较高的转 速。 助力桨 10 主要用于分离含粘度较大的油和含油量大的污水。 在一定 的速度下粘度较大的油具有非牛顿流体的剪切变稀特性， 经该助力桨 10 的旋转搅拌加速， 油的粘度降低， 流动性得到改善， 从而易于沿锥面加速 上升。
在进行两相分离处理时， 参见图 1和图 4, 混合流体例如油水混合液 从进流管 8切向进入锥体，由于流体带有一定压力及切向进入旋流分离器， 受边壁约束， 切向运动变为旋转运动， 产生涡旋流。 当混合流体从入口段 流向第一锥体 3 (或加速段 5 ) 时， 受锥面的作用， 旋流作用加强。
在第一锥体 3 (或分离段 6 ), 由于流体高速旋转， 产生很大的离心加 速度， 受离心力作用， 密度较小相 （油相） 向轴中心迁移， 并通过大口径 的第二锥体或收缩体， 使得很容易容纳反向流动的轻相 （油相）， 并沿内 面收缩， 流动速度在顶部开口最大。 这样可将轻相介质引出， 而不易夹带 重相介质。 密度较大相 （水相） 向边壁运动， 通过稳流段 7从底部排出旋 流分离器 1。 如果在顶部开口 14下游设有用于开关该顶部开口 14的阀， 且该阀在分离器工作时被定期打开， 使引出轻相介质的效果更佳。
在本发明的又一个实施例中，这种结构更适合于液-液和液 -气的分离， 如图 5所示， 在旋流分离器 1的中心轴线位置设有细长形的圆柱体 10a， 该圆柱体 10a典型地从顶部开口 14开始延伸通过稳流段 7。 进一步地， 圆 柱体 10a可以通过电机带动旋转， 转速在 20-3000转 /分的范围内。 该圆柱 体至少从所述入口段 2的中部附近到顶部开口 14为中空， 并且该圆柱体 10a在所述入口段 2的中部附近被封闭而其顶部敞开， 而靠近被封闭位置 的该圆柱体的中空侧壁上设有与所述顶部相连通的孔。 当然， 圆柱体或轴 10a只从所述顶部开口 14延伸至入口段 2的中部即切向入口 11附近也应 在本发明的实质范围之内。
在上述实施例中， 在第一锥体 3内， 由于流体高速旋转， 产生很大的 离心加速度， 受离心力作用， 轻相介质 （油相） 向轴中心迁移， 在靠近入 口 11 处上方聚集了大量已分离出来的轻相介质， 所设置的孔使分离出来 的一部分轻相介质进入圆柱体 10a的中空部分内， 并沿内壁流动上升， 以 迅速将聚集在孔附近的轻相介质引走， 防止了密度较小相与从进流管 8进 入的待分离介质重新混合。
为了增强导流作用， 在稳流段 7附近的圆柱体 10a外壁上设有向下延 伸的螺旋通道 （未示出）， 使其在与旋流方向同方向旋转时能产生向下的 压力， 以便重相介质进一步稠化。
另外， 根据分离工况的需要， 在上述圆柱体 10a的位于入口段 2的中 部偏上位置还可安装助力桨 10。 应当明白， 当不设搅拌桨和螺旋通道时， 圓柱体 10a可以不旋转， 此时， 结构就简单多了。
当然， 圓柱体 10a也可延伸到稳流段 7入口上方的位置， 并在该位置 附近的外壁上设置向下延伸的螺旋通道。 并且， 圓柱体 10a的其余部分也 可以是中空的， 但是结构上不与上部圓柱管相连通。
类似地， 在这些实施例中的旋流分离器的第一锥体 3也优选构造成具 有顺次连接的加速段 5、 分离段 6 , 如图 6所示。
总之， 根据本发明的旋流分离器的整体结构基本上为双锥体结构， 在 离心力和双锥体的富集作用下， 形成上轻相下重相的形式； 另外， 旋流分 离器内部设有旋转轴进行引导和助力， 加强了内部的旋流运动和分离效 果； 再者， 该旋流分离器为立式结构， 当内部混合介质旋转时由于受重力 加速度作用， 使轻重相更易于分离。 这种旋流分离器不仅可广泛适用于石 油、 化工、 钢铁、 造纸、 电力以及轻工环保等行业的污水处理， 还可以对 具有不同密度的两相如固液、 液液、 气固等进行分离。
虽然上文中已经在一定程度上详细地对本发明的多个实施例进行了 描述， 应当理解， 以上描述是示范性而非限制性的。 在不背离本发明的精 例做出多种改变。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种旋流分离器（ 1)， 包括顺次连接的入口段（2)、 第一锥体（3) 和稳流段（7); 所述入口段（2)设有至少一个切向入口 （ 11)， 进流管（8) 与切向入口 （ 11 )相接； 该第一锥体 （3) 为向下收缩的圆锥体； 所述稳 流段（7)是呈细长形的圆柱管， 其尾部设有出口 （ 12)， 其特征在于， 所 述分离器还包括位于所述入口段（2) 上方与之相接的第二锥体或收缩体
(4), 该锥体或收缩体（4) 向上收缩， 并具有顶部开口 （ 14)。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的旋流分离器， 其特征在于， 沿所述旋流分 离器 （ 1 ) 的中心轴线设有一根轴， 该轴至少从所述顶部开口 （ 14)延伸 至入口段（2) 的中部附近。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的旋流分离器， 其特征在于， 所述的轴为旋转 轴 （9), 转速在 20 3000转 /分。
4. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的旋流分离器， 其特征在于， 所述轴为 圆柱体 （ 10a)， 该圆柱体至少从所述入口段（2) 的中部附近到顶部开口
( 14) 为中空， 并且该圆柱体在所述入口段（2) 的中部附近被封闭而其 顶部敞开， 而靠近被封闭位置的该圓柱体的中空侧壁上设有与所述顶部相 连通的孔。
5. 根据权利要求 3 所述的旋流分离器， 其特征在于， 所述旋转轴在 稳流段（7) 附近的外壁上设有旋螺旋通道。
6. 根据权利要求 3或 5所述的旋流分离器， 其特征在于， 在所述旋转 轴 （9)上安装有助力桨 （ 10)， 该助力桨位于所述入口段（2) 的中部偏 上位置。
7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的旋流分离器， 其特征在于， 所述第一锥体 (3) 具有加速段（5) 和分离段（6), 所述的加速段（5) 和分离段（6) 具有不同的锥角。
8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的旋流分离器， 其特征在于， 所述切向入口 ( 11 ) 为两个， 通过所述入口进入的流体在入口段（2) 呈逆时针旋转。
9. 根据权利要求 8 所述的旋流分离器， 其特征在于， 所述两切向入 口 （ 11 ) 间隔 180° 布置在同一高度上。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的旋流分离器， 其特征在于， 所述顶部开口 ( 14) 下游设有用于开关该顶部开口 （ 14) 的阀。
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