WO2009149608A1 - 采用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木 - Google Patents

采用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009149608A1
WO2009149608A1 PCT/CN2008/072502 CN2008072502W WO2009149608A1 WO 2009149608 A1 WO2009149608 A1 WO 2009149608A1 CN 2008072502 W CN2008072502 W CN 2008072502W WO 2009149608 A1 WO2009149608 A1 WO 2009149608A1
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Prior art keywords
density polyethylene
sleeper
sleepers
railway track
concrete
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PCT/CN2008/072502
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘成才
潘昊原
Original Assignee
Pan Chengcai
Pan Haoyuan
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Application filed by Pan Chengcai, Pan Haoyuan filed Critical Pan Chengcai
Publication of WO2009149608A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009149608A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/44Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/46Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from different materials

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a railway sleeper which is a new type of high-density polyethylene new structure and a new product.
  • Material the material's physical and chemical properties are better than wood sleepers 3 - 5 times, better than concrete sleepers 2 -
  • the locomotive increases the vibration damage of the carriage under the action of the rigid body.
  • the concrete sleeper is a hard and rigid material, it is easy to produce the hard and subversive of the train and the inertia force.
  • the present invention provides a sleeper which can be used as a foundation for high-speed operation of a railway locomotive by using a polymer material or even a waste polymer material.
  • a reinforcing rib is arranged in the pillow body by an automatic filling compass mold, and the wire body is also embedded with a reinforcing brick in the pillow body.
  • the forming mold production line is heated to 140 - 250
  • the crucible is extruded into a forming mold and poured into a molding die.
  • the railway track sleeper developed by using high-density polyethylene, the steel clip is fixedly mounted in the mold, and is divided into upper and lower layers, so as to be wrapped in the high-density polyethylene material of the sleeper as a sleeper Strengthening body.
  • the high-density polyethylene material fully exhibits good strength properties such as abrasion resistance and pressure resistance.
  • the use of high-density polyethylene for railway track sleepers is a new scientific achievement in the polymer of this material. It realizes the diversification of high-density polyethylene materials and effectively solves the problem of turning waste into treasure and resource shortage. problem.
  • the annual production of high-density polyethylene raw materials in the world reaches 100 million tons, and the average service life of various products of polyethylene materials is 60-70% in two years, and more than 85% in more than five years. Only 5 - 8% are utilized
  • a large amount of waste polyethylene materials are incinerated, buried, etc., polluting the air and occupying the land.
  • the invention has played a role in protecting the environment and protecting the earth, and has played a role in saving energy and turning waste into treasure.
  • the invention is mainly composed of high-density polyethylene material, and its mechanical properties are superior to wood, similar to concrete. , individual indicators are also better than concrete.
  • high-density polyethylene has a tensile strength of 21-24Mpa; concrete has a tensile strength of only 8 Mpa; high-density polyethylene has a shear strength of 60 MPa, and concrete has a shear strength of only 1 1 Mpa; although the modulus of elasticity of concrete is very high, the toughness of high density polyethylene is lacking.
  • the softening temperature of high density polyethylene is 180 ° C; the embrittlement temperature is -70 ° c ; Poisson's ratio 0.45; elongation at break ⁇ 350%
  • the driving safety factor can be greatly improved. It has extended the service life of the train, thus improving the overall efficiency of the railway by 8-10 times.
  • High-density polyethylene also has the characteristics of extremely stable chemical properties of polymers, and its service life is 3 - 5 times higher than that of wood, 2 - 3 higher than concrete.
  • the invention realizes the direction of diversified development of raw materials, It has the function of improving driving conditions and utilizing the characteristics of very stable chemical properties of the polymer, which greatly improves the speed of railway driving, and can reach 500-700km/n per hour.
  • Figure 1 Main view of high density polyethylene railway track sleepers.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a left side view of Figure 1.
  • the present invention prepares a density polyethylene track sleeper by a high-efficiency hot melt extrusion automated production line, and the production process includes hot melt and extrusion perfusion molding. These include:
  • An efficient production line for high-efficiency hot melt extrusion which is formed by hot melt extrusion to form a sleeper shape matching the track sleeper; [23] b.
  • the steel clips are fixedly mounted in the mold, and the upper and lower layers are divided into two layers so as to be wrapped in the high-density polyethylene material to form the stiffeners of the sleepers;
  • the hot-melt polyethylene raw material is extruded into a molding die, and the high-density polyethylene raw material is continuously injected into The inner wall of the mold is shaped to achieve the effect of forming the sleeper.
  • the crucible is extruded into a forming mold and poured into a molding die.
  • the invention is based on the National Atlas of Standard Design for Railway Buildings, and the technical transformation of the track sleepers is carried out.
  • the method is as follows: ⁇ Using the same size of concrete sleepers as the basic pattern, the high-density polyethylene railway track sleepers are prepared. Due to the wide and narrow roads of various countries, the principle of unity is unified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

说明书 釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木 技术领域
[1] 本发明属于高密度聚乙烯新型结构新型材料更新换代新产品的铁路枕木。
背景技术
[2] 长期以来, 铁路轨道枕木使用的是木材枕木, 木料黄花松为主。 由于用材量大
, 价格昂贵, 伴随着森林禁伐资源减少和木材的紧缺, 迫使铁路建设不得不寻 找新的替代材料。 混凝土枕木产生了, 经过几十年的运转, 混凝土枕木在节省 木材, 保护森林资源取得了一定的作用。 在人类现代化生活、 生产的今天, 人 们生产及产生了大量的高密度聚乙烯原料及废弃聚乙烯
材料, 该材料的物理、 化学各项性能优于木材枕木 3 - 5倍, 优于混凝土枕木 2 -
3倍。 由于混凝土为刚性材料: (1 ) 不能适应其强震韧性应变能力条件, (
2 ) 在行车过程中表现出车体的振动力非常强, 使人感觉不舒适, (3
) 机车在刚性体作用下加大了车厢的振动损害, (4
) 减少了车厢的使用寿命。 (5 ) 高速运转的机车, 在吋速 400KM
以上吋, 由于混凝土枕木属硬刚性材料, 易产生火车硬碰硬的颠覆及惯性力的 里出。
对发明的公开
技术问题
[3] 本发明提供一种利用高分子材料甚至可以是废旧高分子材料制作的、 能够作为 铁路机车高速运行基础的枕木。
技术解决方案
[4] 釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木, 其组成包括: 高密度聚乙烯枕体, 所 述的枕体是由高效量的挤出机自动生产线
热熔, 通过自动化灌装罗盘模具在所述的枕体中设置加强筋, 所述的枕体 中还内置钢丝予埋加固件
, 所述的加强筋和预埋件设置好后, 成型模具生产线加热到 140 - 250 度吋, 将经热熔的聚乙烯原料挤入成型模具中灌注成型。
[5] 所述的釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木, 所述的模具中固定安装钢质夹 片, 并分成上下两层, 使之包裹在枕木的高密度聚乙烯材料中作为枕木的加强 体。
[6] 所述的釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木, 所述的钢丝予埋加固件安置在 螺栓固定在预制好的螺栓孔后枕木灌注成型。
有益效果
[7] 1. 节约能源保护环境
[8] 无论是木制的还是混凝土预见制的轨道枕木, 都不同程度的或间接的对环境起 着破坏作用, 而由高密度聚乙烯材料制成的高密度聚乙烯铁路轨道枕木则实现 了保护环境不被破坏这一原则, 无污染纯绿色, 废弃后轨道枕木可回收再利用 , 节省了大量的资源, 十分有利于环境保护。 高密度聚乙为高分子聚合物, 其 物理、 化学性能极为稳定。 它以具有的强度、 韧性性能广泛应用于建筑、 工业 、 农业、 汽车制造业、 塑料轴承、 塑料齿轮、 塑料轴套等领域, 伹混凝土材料 的强度、 韧性远远达不到上述材料的性能。 高密度聚乙烯材料充分显示了其耐 磨、 耐压等良好的强度性能。 釆用高密度聚乙烯用于铁路轨道枕木是该材料聚 合物中一个全新的科研成果, 它实现了高密度聚乙烯材料向多元化发展的延伸 , 有效地解决了变废为宝、 资源紧缺的问题。 当今全世界每年生产的高密度聚 乙烯原材料达到亿万吨, 而聚乙烯材料的各类产品平均使用寿命两年内的达 60 - 70%, 五年以上的可达 85%以上, 伹真正能回收利用的仅占 5 - 8%
, 大量的废旧聚乙烯材料被焚烧、 掩埋等处理, 污染了空气, 占居了土地, 本 发明技术起到了保护环境, 保护地球的作用, 起到了节约能源变废为宝的作用
[9] 1. 性能可靠、 适于高速运行轨道列车
[10] 由于高密度聚乙烯铁路轨道枕木本身在土 60
c不产生物理变化, 化学性以极为稳定, 具有一定的韧性。 在冻融的环境中和 混凝土枕木相比有着显著的效果。 尤其在有地下水的工程中性能更加突出。 釆 用高密度聚乙烯材料为主体的本发明, 它的力学性能优于木材, 近似于混凝土 , 个别指标还优于混凝土。 诸如: 高密度聚乙烯的抗拉强度为 21-24Mpa ; 而混凝土的抗拉强度只能达到 8 Mpa;高密度聚乙烯抗剪切强度可以达到 60Mpa,而混凝土的抗剪切强度只能达到 1 1 Mpa;混凝土的弹性模量虽然很高, 伹是缺少高密度聚乙烯的韧度, 另外, 高密度聚乙烯的软化温度为 1 8 0 ° c ; 脆化温度 -70 ° c ; 泊松比 0.45;断裂伸长率≥ 350%
。 这些指标都非常适合用于建建造轨道枕木材料, 此枕木主要用于铁路的主轨 道及 500-700km/
吋的轨道, 如果釆用此技术, 对人类环保、 良性循环、 能源在利用, 都将开辟 不可限量前景。
[11] 高密度聚乙烯具有的柔性体特征, 在其弹性力的作用下, 对机车起到了振动缓 冲的作用, 从而大大提高了机车的使用寿命及乘客的舒适性。 据考证, 其刹车 距离也会因整体弹性作用而缩短 50 - 70%
, 因此可大大提高行车安全系数。 延长了行车的使用寿命, 从而提高了铁路整 体综合效益 8-10倍。
[12] 1. 3.更新换代材料、 强度大、 适应变形能力强, 性能好、 造价氐
[13] 混凝土属脆性材料, 当轨道枕木受力不均, 局部应力过大吋, 混凝土不能产生 适应变形而导致局部应力超过混凝土设计应力上限产生破坏, 进而轨道枕木破 坏不能继续使用。 高密度聚乙烯属柔性材料, 当高密度聚乙烯铁路轨道枕木发 生受力不均, 局部应力吋能和生相应的变形而使应力分散, 不至于破坏铁路行 车。 釆用本发明技术可缓解硬碰硬的原理, 以至可进一步提高行车主轨道速度 到 500-700km/h。
[14] 1. 4 . 综合效益好
[15] 单体造价高于混凝土 40%
左右, 伹是, 高速的效应, 使用寿命长的效应, 可回收再利用的效应, 节约能 源的效应, 环保的效应等综合效益比混凝土枕木效益高 7-10
倍。 高密度聚乙烯还具有高分子聚合物化学性质极为稳定的特点, 使用寿命比 木材高 3 - 5倍, 比混凝土高 2 - 3
倍, 从而大大降氐了工程综合造价。 该项发明实现原材料多元化发展的方向, 起到了改善行车条件作用, 并且利用高分子化学性能非常稳定的特点, 大大提 高了铁路行车速度、 每小吋可达 500-700km/n
, 由于高密度聚乙烯的韧性, 大大改善了人居颠波的辛苦。
由于高密度聚乙烯聚合物的物理、 化学特殊的强度、 韧性等指标优于混凝土枕 木单纯的硬性, 可使火车速度达到飞机的速度提高了运行效率。
[16] 1. 5. 施工周期短、 工艺简单
[17] 混凝土轨道枕木加工吋要进行模板支撑, 混凝土搅拌、 钢筋制作、 混凝土浇筑 、 拆摸养生等工艺, 且周期长、 工艺复杂; 伹现在釆用了塑料材料制作的轨道 枕木, 只需要生产、 预制、 安装、 焊接, 简单几项工艺就完成了。 大大缩短了 工期, 或节省了大量的人力、 物力的投入。
附图说明
[18] 附图 1 : 高密度聚乙烯铁路轨道枕木主视图。
[19] 附图 2是附图 1的俯视图。
[20] 附图 3是附图 1的左视图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
[21] 本发明釆用高效量热熔挤出自动化生产线的办法制备密度聚乙烯轨道枕木, 生 产工艺包括热熔、 挤出灌注成型。 其中包括:
[22] a.
高效量热熔挤出自动化生产线, 经热溶挤出制成与轨道枕木匹配的枕木形状; [23] b.
在模具内固定安装钢制夹片, 分上下两层, 使之包包裹在高密度聚乙烯材料内 , 形成枕木加强筋的作用;
[24] c.
将螺栓固定在预制好的螺栓孔内成型, 使螺栓及予埋件形成横向纵向均匀受力 效果, 避免螺栓松动;
[25] d.同吋打开加热装置对成型高效量挤出机加热, 对成型模具生产线加热到 140 - 250
度吋, 将经热熔的聚乙烯原料挤入成型模具中, 高密度聚乙烯原料不断注入成 型模具内壁, 并使其达到成型枕木的效果。
本发明的实施方式
[26] 实施例 1:
[27] 釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木, 其组成包括: 高密度聚乙烯枕体 1, 所述的枕体是由高效量的挤出机自动生产线热熔, 通过自动化灌装罗盘模 在所述的枕体中设置加强筋 2, 所述的枕体 1中还内置钢丝予埋加固件 3 , 所述的加强筋和预埋件设置好后, 成型模具生产线加热到 140 - 250
度吋, 将经热熔的聚乙烯原料挤入成型模具中灌注成型。
[28] 本发明以 《国家铁路建筑标准设计图集》 为依据, 对其中的轨道枕木进行技术 改造。 方法是: 釆用与之相同尺寸的混凝土枕木为基本图形, 制备成高密度聚 乙烯铁路轨道枕木。 因各国路轨宽窄不一, 伹原理统一。
[29] 实施例 2:
[30] 上述的釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木, 所述的模具中固定安装钢质夹 片, 并分成上下两层, 使之包裹在枕木的高密度聚乙烯材料中作为枕木的加强 体。
[31] 实施例 3:
[32] 上述的釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木, 所述的钢丝予埋加固件安置在 螺栓固定在预制好的螺栓孔后枕木灌注成型。

Claims

权利要求书
、 釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木, 其组成包括: 高密度聚乙烯枕 体, 其特征是: 所述的枕体是由高效量的挤出机自动生产线热熔, 通过自 动化灌装罗盘模具在所述的枕体中设置加强筋, 所述的枕体中还内置钢丝 予埋加固件, 所述的加强筋和预埋件设置好后, 成型模具生产线加热到 140 - 250度吋, 将经热熔的聚乙烯原料挤入成型模具中灌注成型。
2.根据权利要求 1
所述的釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木, 其特征是: 所述的模具中 固定安装钢质夹片, 并分成上下两层, 使之包裹在枕木的高密度聚乙烯材 料中作为枕木的加强体。
3 . 根据权利要求 1或 2
所述的釆用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木, 其特征是: 所述的钢丝予 埋加固件安置在螺栓固定在预制好的螺栓孔后枕木灌注成型。
PCT/CN2008/072502 2008-06-13 2008-09-24 采用高密度聚乙烯研制的铁路轨道枕木 WO2009149608A1 (zh)

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