WO2009135475A2 - Sonde géothermique - Google Patents

Sonde géothermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009135475A2
WO2009135475A2 PCT/DE2009/000624 DE2009000624W WO2009135475A2 WO 2009135475 A2 WO2009135475 A2 WO 2009135475A2 DE 2009000624 W DE2009000624 W DE 2009000624W WO 2009135475 A2 WO2009135475 A2 WO 2009135475A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat pipe
heat
geothermal probe
pipe
geothermal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2009/000624
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009135475A3 (fr
WO2009135475A8 (fr
Inventor
Horst Kruse
Jörn Homann
Original Assignee
Fkw Hannover - Forschungszentrum Für Kältetechnik Und Wärmepumpen Gmbh
Fku - Forschungszentrum Für Kälte- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh
Brugg Rohrsysteme Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fkw Hannover - Forschungszentrum Für Kältetechnik Und Wärmepumpen Gmbh, Fku - Forschungszentrum Für Kälte- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh, Brugg Rohrsysteme Gmbh filed Critical Fkw Hannover - Forschungszentrum Für Kältetechnik Und Wärmepumpen Gmbh
Publication of WO2009135475A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009135475A2/fr
Publication of WO2009135475A8 publication Critical patent/WO2009135475A8/fr
Publication of WO2009135475A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009135475A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/40—Geothermal collectors operated without external energy sources, e.g. using thermosiphonic circulation or heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T2010/50—Component parts, details or accessories
    • F24T2010/53—Methods for installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/08—Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a geothermal probe according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for introducing a geothermal probe according to the preamble of patent claim. 6
  • Boiler systems for example, in operation with fuel oil or natural gas have practically arrived at the end of their technical development. Such systems achieve a degree of utilization which is slightly below the physical maximum.
  • Heat pumps as thermodynamic heating can achieve exergetic primary efficiencies of about four times as they absorb heat from the environment and pump it to the temperature required for heating.
  • energy sources for example, the energy of the ambient air, the surface waters or surfaces of close soil layers come into question.
  • Geothermal energy for the heating of buildings can be directly used by using warm hydrothermal deep waters, with the application of geothermal probes up to about 100 m depth but only indirectly with heat pump systems, the geothermal in the temperature range of 8 ° C to 12 ° C on a for the building heating raise the usable temperature level (35 ° C or higher).
  • About half of all heat pumps installed in Germany in 2007 use geothermal heat as a source of heat.
  • German patent DE 103 27 602 an improved geothermal probe is explained, in which a corrugated heat pipe is introduced into the soil and CO 2 is used as a heat transfer medium.
  • corrugated pipe causes a rib action due to its larger surface area outside in contact with the earth, which leads to an exchange surface which is about 25% larger than a conventional smooth pipe with the same inside diameter.
  • the heat exchange surface is about 25% larger by the corrugated tube profiling than a smooth tube with a constant inner and outer diameter.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a geothermal probe and a method for introducing a geothermal probe, on the one hand allow easy introduction into the ground and on the other hand to ensure improved efficiency of the geothermal probe.
  • the geothermal probe has a designed as a corrugated pipe heat pipe, which is used with a predetermined bias in the ground. After solidification of the material surrounding the corrugated pipe this corrugated pipe is then clamped so to speak, so that even with geometry changes due to Temperature differences and the like a flat contact the outer peripheral wall is guaranteed to the adjacent material and thus there is an optimized heat exchange surface. In the conventional solutions, this planar system could not be ensured during the inevitable changes in the geometry of the heat pipe during operation.
  • the heat pipe is fixed by means of a filling compound in the ground.
  • the heat pipe is preferably helical, wherein the ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter is greater than 1.1.
  • the wall thickness of the heat pipe is preferably designed so that the ratio of outer diameter to wall thickness is between 50 and 100.
  • the corrugated tube is first inserted into a bore and filled a filling compound.
  • the heat pipe is subjected to the bias, so that after hardening of the filling compound, the corrugated pipe is received with this bias and thus a surface contact of the filling compound is ensured even with changes in geometry of the corrugated pipe due to temperature differences or the like.
  • the bias of the corrugated pipe for example, by applying an internal pressure. This internal pressure can be applied for example by water.
  • an extension of the axial length accompanies the prestressing of the corrugated pipe. This change in length is caused by the flattening of the inner shaft areas.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustration of several embodiments of a geothermal probe according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a geothermal probe of Figure 1 and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a corrugated pipe of the geothermal probe
  • a geothermal probe 1 In Fig. 1, four embodiments of a heat pipe 2 a geothermal probe 1 are shown, which is inserted in the vertical direction in a hole 4 introduced into the ground.
  • the length of the heat pipe 2 may be, for example, about 70 to 9O m, and CO 2 is preferably used as the heat carrier. With this heat carrier, operating pressures of up to 50 bar can be achieved, so that the pressure resistance of the heat pipe 2 is an essential design criterion. Another essential requirement is to form the heat pipe 2 with a sufficient corrosion resistance to the soil.
  • the heat pipe 2 is made of stainless steel.
  • the heat pipe 2 shown in Figure 1a) is formed as a single tube, which is formed by a so-called corrugated pipe.
  • corrugated pipes are - as mentioned - used in plant construction, for example, as compensators.
  • the outer peripheral wall is wave-shaped (parallel corrugated or corrugated), so that the pipe has a certain flexibility in the axial direction, which allows winding of the pipe.
  • This flexible embodiment of the heat pipe 2 this can be brought rolled up on a drum to the site and there introduced directly from the drum into the bore 4.
  • this approach has the advantage that the costly welding and the X-ray inspection accounts for the construction site, so that the geothermal probe can be introduced much faster and with less effort in the soil.
  • FIG 2 shows an enlarged schematic diagram of a geothermal probe 1 according to Figure 1a).
  • the wound supplied heat pipe 2 with a plurality of circumferentially extending shafts 6 (parallel corrugated or helical corrugated) is inserted into the bore 4 directly from the winding, the foot-side end is closed with a foot part 8.
  • the heat pipe 2 is preferably fixed in position with a filling compound 10 or the like in the bore 4. With a bore depth in the range of 70 - 100 m, the temperature on the foot side is 10 0 C to 13 ° C.
  • This temperature is sufficient to vaporize the CO 2 absorbed in the heat pipe 2 at a pressure of up to 50 bar, so that the steam 12 flows upward in the direction of the arrow approximately in the middle region of the heat pipe 2.
  • This heating zone with a constant earth temperature extends over a comparatively large axial area of the heat pipe 2.
  • This heating zone is followed by a so-called neutral zone, which is usually located in the upper layers of the soil. In this neutral zone, the heat exchange between the soil and the heat transfer medium is low.
  • This neutral zone and a cooling zone described in more detail below need not necessarily be formed on the heat pipe 2 shown in Figure 2, but can also be carried out separately from this.
  • the neutral zone goes to the earth's surface in the cooling zone, in which the condensation of CO 2 takes place by dissipating heat to another medium.
  • this other medium can be a frost-proof solution (glycol and water, salt solution and water) or, if cooled directly, a refrigerant of a heat pump whose evaporator 16 is thermodynamically coupled to the cooling zone.
  • the refrigerant is vaporized by the liberated enthalpy of condensation of CO 2 , wherein both heat transfer (refrigerant of the heat pump cycle, CO 2 geothermal probe) condense or evaporate substantially at a constant temperature.
  • the condensate 14 flows as a film on the corrugated inner peripheral wall of the heat pipe 2 down and passes from the cooling zone to the neutral zone and then into the heating zone in which the condensate 14 is then heated again to the evaporation temperature and evaporated.
  • an intermediate heat exchanger 16 with a refrigerant of a heat pump
  • suitable measures must be taken that preclude contamination of the heat carrier. For example, an oil-free operation of the refrigerant circuit would be preferable.
  • the neutral zone and the cooling zone can - as shown in Figure 2 - be performed directly on the heat pipe 2.
  • the cooling zone is not integrated into the heat pipe 2 but carried out separately, wherein the neutral zone above ground can be designed as a connection between the heating and cooling zone.
  • the neutral zone and the cooling zone may be made of another suitable pressure-resistant material.
  • the length, the diameter and the wall thickness of the heat pipe 2 depend very much on the type of heat carrier used.
  • all other suitable working substances such as ammonia or hydrocarbons can be used.
  • this can be provided with a reinforcing or protective sheath.
  • An essential design criterion for such geothermal probes is the so-called flood limit.
  • This flood limit is reached when the upflowing steam 12 prevents the outflow of liquid from the cooling zone due to the shear stresses in the phase boundary between the liquid film 14 and the steam 12, so that liquid is accumulated in the cooling zone.
  • the extraction capacity, the length and the diameter of the heat pipe are to be coordinated with each other depending on the heat transfer medium used so that the maximum possible gas velocity (flood point) is not reached.
  • Preliminary tests showed that the corrugated structure of the heat pipe 2 does not lower this flood limit or only slightly against a smooth pipe.
  • FIG. 1 b shows an exemplary embodiment in which, instead of a single heat pipe 2, a U-shaped heat pipe is inserted into the bore 4.
  • the heat pipe 2 has two parallel tubes 17, 18, the foot side are connected by a foot 20 together.
  • the two parallel tubes 17, 18 are also executed again in the manner described above as corrugated pipe.
  • This U-shaped construction makes it possible to use smaller pipe cross-sections for the same or better extraction power.
  • the heat pipe 2 is also designed U-shaped, this construction is made in one piece from a single corrugated tube, which is bent foot side taking into account the allowable bending radius.
  • a heat pipe can also be operated as a pump probe with a heat dissipation down to the foot, with heat is released to the ground in summer operation.
  • the corrugated tubes 17, 18 respectively supplied on a drum are provided with the foot part 20 before being inserted into the bore and then simultaneously lowered into the bore.
  • the corrugated tube delivered in the wound state is unwound, bent in the middle and inserted into the bore. It is also possible to prefabricate the U-tube and two wound wound to deliver to the drilling site.
  • FIG. 1d finally shows an exemplary embodiment in which the heat pipe 2 is formed by two coaxially arranged tubes 22, 24. These are each again designed as corrugated pipe.
  • a foot part 20 is placed on the outer tube 22 with a larger diameter, the foot-side end portion of the inner tube 24 remains open.
  • the vapor 12 flows upwardly through the inner tube 24 to the cooling zone, while the condensate film 14 forms in the annulus between the outer tube 22 and the inner tube 24 and flows downwardly from the cooling zone to the heating zone.
  • Such a variant has a higher flood limit than the above-described embodiments, since the direct contact between steam and condensate film is largely prevented.
  • the inner tube 24 can be formed in principle from all flexible pipe materials (metals, plastics) with smooth or wavystructure circuitswandungen. The required compressive strength only needs to be applied by the outer tube 22.
  • the inner tube 24 can be designed with a closed tube jacket or as a perforated tube according to German Utility Model DE 202 10 841.4.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic representation of the heat pipe 2 according to the invention, which is preferably designed as a corrugated pipe with coiled wall.
  • the heat exchange surface is optimal when the ratio between the outer diameter d a to the inner diameter dj is more than 1.1.
  • the ratio of the outer diameter d a to the wall thickness s should be greater than 10.
  • a bore is first introduced into the soil and then the heat pipe 2 is inserted.
  • the annular space between the inner circumferential wall of the bore and the outer peripheral wall of the heat pipe 2 is then filled by means of the filling compound 10.
  • This can be bound, for example, with cement,
  • Verhellmassen are, for example, in tunneling used.
  • This filling compound swelling during curing is optimized with regard to the pressure resistance and the thermal conductivity, so that the heat transfer from the heat pipe to the ground is optimized in accordance with the thermodynamics of the geothermal probe.
  • the heat pipe 3 is not simply inserted into the bore, but before, during or after the filling of the filling compound 10 is subjected to a bias.
  • This voltage application can be done for example by means of an internal pressure.
  • water can be pumped into the heat pipe 2 via a pump until a pressure of, for example, 50 bar is established inside.
  • the heat pipe 2 deforms, in which case the inner diameter d, determining waves are flattened, so that the axial length U is opposite the original length L (left in Figure 3) increases.
  • the change in length can be up to 3m.
  • the diameter d-, slightly larger- the heat pipe 2 is thus subjected to a bias voltage.
  • This bias voltage is maintained until the filling compound 10 has hardened, so that the heat pipe 2 is clamped in the state shown on the right in FIG.
  • a surface contact of the filling compound 10 is ensured on the outer peripheral wall of the heat pipe 2.
  • a helically corrugated heat pipe 2 is preferred. This construction has the following advantages:
  • the flood velocity is one of the operating limits for such a heat pipe, which is caused by an axial shear of the gas flow, which is directed upward, on the film flowing down the wall, the shearing action can cause the film does not continue after flowing down. If its velocity becomes zero as a result of this shearing action of the gas flow, then the so-called flood limit of the pipe is reached, ie the pipe falls dry in its lower region and can no longer transfer heat there by evaporation.
  • a helical corrugation in contrast to a parallel corrugation, will cause this protection of the liquid film from the gas flow and make it more difficult for the film to be carried along by the gas flow.
  • an oil separator or suitable oil return devices should be provided inside the flexible heat pipe 2.
  • geothermal probe according to the invention with circulating heat carriers in a pump circulation system, so that single-phase or two-phase states are generated in the heat carrier.
  • a reversal of the transport direction of the heat is conceivable, so that, for example, in summer operation heat can be fed back into the ground.
  • a combination between heat pipe operation and a circulation operation is possible with suitable design of the aboveground plant.
  • a geothermal probe Disclosed are a geothermal probe and a method for introducing such a geothermal probe. This has a heat pipe, which is introduced with a bias in the ground.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une sonde géothermique et un procédé d'enfouissement d'une telle sonde géothermique. La sonde géothermique comporte un caloduc enfoui dans la terre avec une précontrainte.
PCT/DE2009/000624 2008-05-09 2009-05-08 Sonde géothermique WO2009135475A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008023039.1 2008-05-09
DE102008023039 2008-05-09
DE102008049731.2 2008-09-30
DE102008049731A DE102008049731A1 (de) 2008-05-09 2008-09-30 Erdwärmesonde

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009135475A2 true WO2009135475A2 (fr) 2009-11-12
WO2009135475A8 WO2009135475A8 (fr) 2010-01-21
WO2009135475A3 WO2009135475A3 (fr) 2012-05-31

Family

ID=41152815

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2009/000624 WO2009135475A2 (fr) 2008-05-09 2009-05-08 Sonde géothermique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102008049731A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009135475A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010046719B4 (de) * 2010-09-23 2013-04-18 Intec Gmbh Erdwärmesonde
DE202011102165U1 (de) 2011-06-17 2011-10-25 Nöring & Preißler GmbH Wärmetauschersonde
DE102013102468A1 (de) 2012-10-17 2014-04-17 Fku - Forschungszentrum Für Kälte- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh Erdwärmesonde
EP4022230A1 (fr) * 2019-08-27 2022-07-06 Jörgen BARTZ Dispositif et procédé géothermiques

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29824676U1 (de) * 1998-12-24 2002-05-02 FKW HANNOVER Forschungszentrum für Kältetechnik und Wärmepumpen GmbH, 30167 Hannover Wärmeübertrager
DE10327602A1 (de) * 2003-05-22 2004-12-09 FKW HANNOVER Forschungszentrum für Kältetechnik und Wärmepumpen GmbH Erdwärmesonde
DE202006010244U1 (de) * 2006-07-01 2006-10-26 Sonnenschein, Armin Als Rohrleitung ausgebildeter spiralförmiger Erdwärmetauscher
US20080016894A1 (en) * 2006-07-07 2008-01-24 Wiggs B R Advanced Direct Exchange Geothermal Heating/Cooling System Design

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4211576A1 (de) 1991-07-06 1993-01-07 Poehlmann Anwendungstechnik Gm Heizanlage mit einer waermepumpe und mindestens einer erdreichsonde
DE20210841U1 (de) 2002-07-17 2002-10-02 FKW HANNOVER Forschungszentrum für Kältetechnik und Wärmepumpen GmbH, 30167 Hannover Wärmerohr

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29824676U1 (de) * 1998-12-24 2002-05-02 FKW HANNOVER Forschungszentrum für Kältetechnik und Wärmepumpen GmbH, 30167 Hannover Wärmeübertrager
DE10327602A1 (de) * 2003-05-22 2004-12-09 FKW HANNOVER Forschungszentrum für Kältetechnik und Wärmepumpen GmbH Erdwärmesonde
DE202006010244U1 (de) * 2006-07-01 2006-10-26 Sonnenschein, Armin Als Rohrleitung ausgebildeter spiralförmiger Erdwärmetauscher
US20080016894A1 (en) * 2006-07-07 2008-01-24 Wiggs B R Advanced Direct Exchange Geothermal Heating/Cooling System Design

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009135475A3 (fr) 2012-05-31
WO2009135475A8 (fr) 2010-01-21
DE102008049731A1 (de) 2009-11-12

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