Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
  • C03C3/32—Non-oxide glass compositions, e.g. binary or ternary halides, sulfides or nitrides of germanium, selenium or tellurium
  • C03C3/321—Chalcogenide glasses, e.g. containing S, Se, Te
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
  • C03C4/10—Compositions for glass with special properties for infrared transmitting glass

Definitions

• Embodiments of the invention relate to Ga-P-S glass compositions.
• the glass compositions may transmit infrared radiation.
• Infrared-transmitting glasses have application in, for example, infrared (IR) windows, waveguiding fibers, and as host glasses for luminescent dopants, for example, rare earth dopants .
• IR infrared
• Infrared radiation is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum just below red light in terms of frequency. Infrared-transmitting materials have many applications. For example, in the field of astronomy, the earth's atmosphere does not scatter infrared radiation as much as visible light. Thus, special filters that block all but infrared rays can be used to obtain precise astronomical images without the scattering associated with visible light. Transmitted infrared radiation can also be used, for example, in detecting the positions of objects or people in the absence of visible light. This property has been used in military applications, for example, in infrared sensors.
• Infrared-transmitting glasses such as those disclosed in commonly owned US Patent No. 5,240,885, transmit radiation well into the infrared portion of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum due to their low phonon energy. These glasses can be used, for example, for the fabrication of efficient lasers, amplifiers, and up converters when doped with the appropriate rare earth dopants.
• sulfide glasses Since metal-sulfur bonds are generally weaker than metal-oxygen bonds, sulfide glasses exhibit lower phonon energies than oxide glasses and, therefore, transmit radiation further into the infrared region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Accordingly, sulfide glasses may have the potential of being host materials for rare earth metals for applications such as those described for the glasses of US Patent No. 5,240,885.
• Rare earth dopants are known to be very soluble in most oxide glasses and their apparent insolubility in arsenic sulfide glasses has been conjectured to be due to the gross structural dissimilarity existing between the latter and oxide glasses.
• Arsenic sulfide glasses are believed to consist of long chains and layers of covalently bonded pyramidal AsS 3 groups, whereas oxide glasses typically comprise a three- dimensional network of relatively ionically bonded MO 4 tetrahedra, where M is a so-called network-forming metal such as silicon, phosphorus, aluminum, etc.
• Rare earth dopants are readily accommodated in these ionic network structures where they can compensate charge imbalances that arise from the presence of two or more network-forming metals, for example, aluminum and silicon in aluminosilicate glasses.
• Commonly owned US Patent No. 5,392,376 discloses a system of sulfide glasses which exhibits good transparency in both the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and which possesses a relatively ionic three- dimensional structure, comprises gallium sulfide glasses. In contrast to arsenic sulfide glasses, the structure of these glasses is based upon a three-dimensional linkage of corner sharing GaS 4 tetrahedra. Rare earth metals are readily soluble in these glasses.
• Ga-P-S glass compositions which are transparent in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and which can be effectively doped with rare earth metals. Also, it would be advantageous to have Ga-P-S glass compositions which are also transparent into the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum having increased durability.
• One embodiment of the invention is a glass composition comprising, in atomic percent: 45 to 85 percent of S or of a combination of S and Se or a combination of S and Te or a combination of S, Se, and Te, wherein the percent of S is greater than or equal to the percent of Se, Te, or the combination of Se and Te; greater than 0 to 25 percent of Ga or of a combination of Ga and In, wherein the percent of In is less than or equal to 20 percent; greater than 0 to 20 percent P;
• M is selected from Sn, Tl, Pb, Bi and a combination thereof; wherein each percent is based on the total of S, Se, Te, Ga, In, P, As, Ge, Sb, and M atoms in the glass composition.
• Such glass compositions address one or more of the above-mentioned disadvantages of conventional glass compositions and provide one or more of the following advantages: glasses with increased thermal stabilty and greater flexibility in tailoring other glass properties, for example, characteristic temperatures such as glass transition temperature (Tg) , softening point, strain point, annealing point, etc, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) , and refractive index that may be important for specific applications .
• characteristic temperatures such as glass transition temperature (Tg) , softening point, strain point, annealing point, etc
• CTE coefficient of thermal expansion
• Figure l is a solid-state 31 P magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P MAS NMR) spectrum of a glass composition according to one embodiment.
• Figure 2 is a graph showing Tg versus mol percent GaPS 4 for exemplary glass compositions.
• Figure 3 is a graph showing the infrared transmission spectrum of a glass composition according to one embodiment.
• One embodiment of the invention is a glass composition comprising, in atomic percent:
• M is selected from Sn, Tl, Pb, Bi and a combination thereof; wherein each percent is based on the total of S, Se, Te, Ga, In, P, As, Ge, Sb, and M atoms in the glass composition.
• the glass composition comprises greater than 0 percent As, greater than 0 percent Ge, greater than 0 percent Sb, and/or greater than 0 percent M.
• Varying amounts for example, a trace amount, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, up to and including 10 percent of Sb can be present in the glass composition.
• the glass composition comprises greater than 0 percent M. Varying amounts, for example, a trace amount, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, up to and including 5 percent of M can be present in the glass composition.
• the glass composition may therefore comprise, for example, greater than 0 percent Sn, greater than 0 percent Tl, greater than 0 percent Pb, and/or greater than 0 percent Bi.
• the recited elements, and Sb and/or M in particular, can be used in varying amounts in order to alter one or more physical properties of the glass, for example, Tg, CTE, density, and/or absorption.
• the glass composition comprises the binary Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system, wherein one or more S atoms may be replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms may be replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the glass composition comprises the binary Ga 2 Ss-P 2 Ss system, wherein one or more S atoms are replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms are replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the binary Ga 2 Ss-P 2 S 5 system comprises 40 to 60 mol percent Ga 2 S 3 and 40 to 60 mol percent P 2 S 5 , wherein one or more S atoms may be replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms may be replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the binary Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system comprises 40 to 60 mol percent Ga 2 S 3 and 40 to 60 mol percent P 2 S 5 , wherein one or more S atoms are replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms are replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the glass composition in another embodiment, comprises the ternary GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system, wherein one or more S atoms may be replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms may be replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the glass composition in another embodiment, comprises the ternary GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system, wherein one or more S atoms are replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms are replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the ternary GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system can comprise, for example, 1 to 60 mol percent Ga 2 S 3 , 1 to 60 mol percent P 2 S 5 , and greater than 0 to 55 mol percent GeS 2 , wherein one or more S atoms may be replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms may be replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value .
• the ternary GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system can comprise, for example, 1 to 60 mol percent Ga 2 S 3 , 1 to 60 mol percent P 2 S 5 , and greater than 0 to 55 mol percent GeS 2 , wherein one or more S atoms are replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms are replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the glass composition comprises the ternary As 2 S 3 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system, wherein one or more S atoms may be replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms may be replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the glass composition comprises the ternary As 2 S 3 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system, wherein one or more S atoms are replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms are replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the ternary As 2 S 3 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system can comprise, for example, 1 to 60 mol percent Ga 2 S 3 , 1 to 60 mol percent P 2 S 5 , and greater than 0 to 95 mol percent As 2 S 3 , wherein one or more S atoms may be replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms may be replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value .
• the ternary As 2 S 3 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system can comprise, for example, 1 to 60 mol percent Ga 2 S 3 , 1 to 60 mol percent P 2 S 5 , and greater than 0 to 95 mol percent As 2 S 3 , wherein one or more S atoms are replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms are replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the ternary As 2 S 3 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system comprises greater than 50 to less than or equal to 60 mol percent Ga 2 S 3 , greater than or equal to 1 to less than 50 mol percent P 2 S 5 , and greater than 0 to less than 50 mol percent As 2 S 3 , wherein one or more S atoms may be replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms may be replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the ternary As 2 S 3 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system comprises greater than 50 to less than or equal to 60 mol percent Ga 2 S 3 , greater than or equal to 1 to less than 50 mol percent P 2 S 5 , and greater than 0 to less than 50 mol percent As 2 S 3 , wherein one or more S atoms are replaced by Se or Te; one or more Ga atoms are replaced by In; and the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value.
• the glass composition further comprises one or more lanthanide elements.
• Each lanthanide element in the composition can, independently, be present in an amount up to 5 atomic percent based on the total atoms in the glass composition, including the one or more lanthanide elements. Varying amounts, for example, a trace amount, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, up to and including 5 atomic percent of one or more lanthanide elements can be present in the glass composition.
• Lanthanide elements are for example, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
• the glass composition comprises in atomic percent:
• Such a glass composition can comprise, for example, greater than 0 to 15 percent In.
• the glass composition comprises in atomic percent:
• the glass composition comprises in atomic percent:
• the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms can be from 70 percent to 130 percent of the stoichiometric value. According to some embodiments, the stoichiometric value of the combined total of S, Se, and Te atoms is not 100 percent.
• the glass compositions described herein can have, for example, a glass transition temperature of 150 0 C or more.
• the glass transition temperature can also be, for example, 450 0 C or less.
• the glass can also be transparent in the near infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• the glasses can be transparent into the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, for example, in the longer wavelength range of the visible spectrum.
• the wide glass forming region of glasses comprising Ga and P embraced by the invention provides for flexibility in tailoring glass properties, for example, characteristic temperatures such as Tg, softening point, strain point, annealing point, etc, and CTE, and refractive index that may ⁇ be important for specific applications.
• GaPS 4 -like structural units as shown in Figure 1 by the 31 P MAS NMR spectrum of GaPS 4 glass, in this example, example composition 1 shown in Table 1.
• the resonance 16 at 84 ppm is associated with PS 4/2 groups in the glass.
• GaPS 4 -like structural units provide improved durability as compared to that of P-containing, but Ga-free, sulfide glasses.
• the presence of Ga converts the latter into tetrahedral PS 4/2 groups in which all 4 coordinating S atoms form a bond between P and an adjacent Ga atom, resulting in a more chemically resistant network.
• the glass composition has a Ga/P ratio of .8 or more, for example greater than or equal to one.
• Figure 2 is a graph showing Tg versus exemplary glass compositions, for example, line 10 shows the Tg for exemplary GeS 2 -GaPS 4 glasses versus the percent GaPS 4 present in the glass composition, line 12 shows the Tg for exemplary AsPS 4 -GaPS 4 glasses versus the percent GaPS 4 present in the glass composition, and line 14 shows the Tg for exemplary As 2 S 3 -GaPS 4 glasses versus the percent GaPS 4 present in the glass composition.
• fiber draw or extrusion temperatures can be tailored over a range of at least 200 0 C.
• the glass compositions described herein have an increased transparency in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, as shown in Figure 3.
• Line 18 shows the infrared transmission spectrum of the exemplary GaPAs sulfide glass, example 13, shown in Table 2.
• the thickness of the sample was 2mm.
• Glass compositions can be prepared using conventional sulfide glass melting and forming methods known by those skilled in the art. For instance, with respect to the exemplary glass compositions of the following examples, from 10 gram to 36 gram batches of elements, for example, Ga, P, As, Ge, and S were loaded into fused silica ampoules in a nitrogen-filled glovebox. The ampoules were evacuated to approximately 10 ⁇ 6 Torr, flame sealed and then heated to approximately 800 0 C in a rocking furnace. After melting, the ampoules were quenched in room temperature water to convert the sulfide melts to glass.
• elements for example, Ga, P, As, Ge, and S were loaded into fused silica ampoules in a nitrogen-filled glovebox. The ampoules were evacuated to approximately 10 ⁇ 6 Torr, flame sealed and then heated to approximately 800 0 C in a rocking furnace. After melting, the ampoules were quenched in room temperature water to convert the sulfide melts to glass.
• Table 1 shows exemplary glass formation in the binary Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 Ss system as well as examples in which Ga is partially replaced by In.
• Table 2 and Table 3 show exemplary glass formation in the ternary As 2 S 3 -Ga 2 Sa-P 2 Ss system, with glasses along the As 2 S 3 -GaPS 4 join shown in Table 2, and glasses along the AsPS 4 -GaPS 4 join shown in Table 3.
• Table 4 shows ternary glasses from the ternary GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 Ss system.
• Table 5 shows exemplary nonstoichiometric glass formation in the binary Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system, in the ternary GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system and in the ternary As 2 S 3 -Ga 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 system.
• %xsS is the percentage of Sulfur in excess of normal stoichiometry when the glass comprises the components present in its respective column or 100 percent Sulfur for normal stoichiometry for that particular glass composition.
• example 31 in Table 5 shows -10 in the %xsS row.
• 36 in Table 5 shows 10 in the %xsS row.
• T g was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and softening point (T s ) was determined by parallel plate viscometry.
• the absorption edge ( ⁇ o) was calculated from transmittance data as the wavelength at which the transmittance equaled 50% of the transmittance at 2.4 ⁇ m.

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• 2008
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