WO2009125477A1 - プラズマcvd用のカソード電極、およびプラズマcvd装置 - Google Patents
プラズマcvd用のカソード電極、およびプラズマcvd装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009125477A1 WO2009125477A1 PCT/JP2008/056957 JP2008056957W WO2009125477A1 WO 2009125477 A1 WO2009125477 A1 WO 2009125477A1 JP 2008056957 W JP2008056957 W JP 2008056957W WO 2009125477 A1 WO2009125477 A1 WO 2009125477A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
- C23C16/505—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using radio frequency discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45563—Gas nozzles
- C23C16/45565—Shower nozzles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/32091—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being capacitively coupled to the plasma
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/3244—Gas supply means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/3244—Gas supply means
- H01J37/32449—Gas control, e.g. control of the gas flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/32532—Electrodes
- H01J37/32541—Shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-frequency capacitively coupled plasma CVD, and relates to a cathode electrode for plasma CVD using hollow cathode discharge and a plasma CVD apparatus provided with the cathode electrode for plasma CVD.
- a plasma CVD apparatus using a capacitively coupled parallel plate electrode is known.
- cathode and anode discharge parallel plate electrodes are arranged in a reaction vessel, and power is supplied to these electrodes using a low frequency or high frequency power source.
- a reactive gas is introduced to generate plasma, and film formation is performed using this plasma.
- a liquid crystal panel used for a liquid crystal display is required to have a large screen in order to display a large image, and a solar cell is also required to be large in order to improve power generation capacity and production efficiency.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 In a capacitively coupled plasma CVD apparatus, one using a hollow cathode discharge has been proposed in order to increase film forming efficiency (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of a conventional capacitively coupled plasma CVD apparatus using hollow cathode discharge.
- a plasma CVD apparatus 110 shown in FIG. 18 has a cathode electrode 101 and an anode electrode 102 facing each other in a vacuum chamber 111, and supplies low-frequency or high-frequency AC power from a power source 115a between both electrodes.
- the anode electrode 102 can be heated by a built-in heater 117, and a substrate 100 to be processed is disposed.
- the inside of the vacuum chamber 111 is evacuated by the vacuum pump 113 and the reaction gas is introduced by the reaction gas introduction pipe 112.
- the cathode electrode 101 is integrated with a shower head type inlet for introducing a reaction gas into the substrate surface, and the cathode plate surface has an uneven shape in which long cylindrical recesses are arranged in a lattice shape and connected by grooves, A small-diameter hole is formed in a long cylindrical recess to serve as a reaction gas inlet.
- the reaction gas introduced from the reaction gas introduction pipe 112 is introduced to the substrate side through the hole in the recess.
- JP 2002237374 A paragraph 0015
- JP 2004-296526 A paragraph 0008
- a conventionally proposed cathode electrode used for hollow cathode discharge has a concave and convex portion to be a hollow cathode electrode by forming a hole in a plate material constituting a flat cathode electrode by machining such as cutting. It is necessary to process a large number of ultrafine reactive gas ejection holes of about 0.4 mm, for example, on the bottom surface of the concave portion of the cathode electrode. Further, the ejection direction of the reactive gas ejection holes is perpendicular to the substrate surface.
- the conventional cathode electrode has a configuration in which the reaction gas is ejected in a direction perpendicular to the substrate from the numerous fine holes formed in the bottom surface of the concave portion of the cathode plate.
- the gas ejection amount of the reaction gas is non-uniform, so that the film thickness and film quality of the formed thin film are non-uniform within the same substrate surface.
- the uniformity of the thickness of the thin film to be formed is closely related to the reactive gas ejection hole, the position of the reactive gas ejection hole formed in the cathode plate, the position of the reactive gas ejection hole,
- the optimum range of process conditions such as gas flow rate, various gas flow rate ratios, pressure, input power, substrate temperature, etc., corresponding to the setting conditions of the reactive gas ejection holes such as the number to be installed is narrow.
- the concave / convex shape to be the hollow cathode electrode is formed by processing such as cutting, there is a problem that the processing of the cathode electrode is difficult and the cost required for manufacturing becomes high.
- the concave holes shown in Patent Document 1 are connected by grooves.
- the inside of the hole becomes a hollow cathode discharge electrode space in which high-density plasma is generated, but the groove connecting each hole has insufficient electron gas supply even if the electron density is sufficient. Therefore, high density plasma is not generated. Therefore, there is a possibility that a problem may occur in terms of film formation uniformity.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the conventional cathode electrode and to generate a high-density plasma by optimizing the cathode electrode.
- the purpose is to widen the optimum range of plasma conditions by optimizing the cathode electrode, and to increase the deposition rate by increasing the effective area of the electrode that contributes to the discharge.
- the purpose is to optimize the cathode electrode so that the cathode can be easily processed at a low cost, and the cathode can be easily maintained.
- At least one of the protrusions has at least one reaction gas ejection hole that enables reaction gas to be ejected on the side surface.
- the reaction gas ejection direction of the reaction gas ejection hole is such that It is almost parallel to the bottom surface.
- anode electrode By making the anode electrode concave and convex, a hollow cathode can be formed, and electrons emitted by the incidence of ions on the cathode surface can be confined between the cathode electrodes composed of convex portions and concave portions, thereby forming a high-density electron space.
- High-density plasma is generated by jetting reactive gas into this high-density electron space.
- the reaction gas can be uniformly introduced into the high-density electron space by setting the ejection direction of the reaction gas to be parallel to the bottom surface of the recess of the anode electrode.
- the protrusion constituting the convex portion of the cathode electrode includes a reaction gas flow path for supplying a reaction gas to the reaction gas ejection hole inside the protrusion.
- the reactive gas flow path is provided in a direction substantially parallel to the first flow path provided along the axial direction of the protruding portion and the bottom surface branched from the first flow path and connected to the reactive gas ejection hole. Second channel.
- the interval at which the protruding portions of the cathode electrode are adjacent can be determined based on the mean free path of electrons. For example, by setting the distance to about 1 to 1.5 times the mean free path of electrons, the plasma is in a hollow state. Therefore, the area efficiency can be improved in the generation of high-density plasma.
- a numerical example of the distance between the cathode electrodes can be set within a range of 0.5 mm to 7 mm, for example.
- the distance between the cathodes is a major factor that determines the characteristics.
- a close-packed arrangement is used in order to make it possible to set a wide range of setting optimum conditions such as pressure, temperature, and gas type as process parameters. Do.
- a plurality of distances can be set between the electrodes, and a wide range of process conditions can be handled.
- the distance between the cathode electrodes in this close-packed arrangement is such that the adjacent distance between adjacent protrusions is about 1 to 1.5 times the mean free path of electrons as described above.
- a square close-packed arrangement or a hexagonal close-packed arrangement can be used.
- the protruding portions of the cathode electrode are arranged at the positions of the four vertices of the square and the center surrounded by the four vertices on the bottom surface of the recess.
- the protruding portions of the cathode electrode are arranged on the bottom surface of the concave portion at the positions of the six apexes of the regular hexagon and the center position surrounded by the six apexes.
- the protruding portion of the cathode electrode includes a protruding portion in which a reactive gas ejection hole is formed and a protruding portion in which no reactive gas ejection hole is formed, and these protruding portions are arranged in a predetermined distribution on the bottom surface of the concave portion. can do.
- the arrangement of the protrusions can be a distribution in which the ratio of the protrusions in which the reaction gas ejection holes are formed and the protrusions in which the reaction gas ejection holes are not formed is 1: 4. Can be provided in a close-packed arrangement.
- the shape of the protruding portion of the cathode electrode can be any shape, for example, a cylindrical shape with a circular horizontal section or a polygonal column with a horizontal cross section.
- the protruding portion of the cathode electrode can be configured to have at least one reactive gas ejection hole, and all the protruding portions can also be configured to have the reactive gas ejection hole.
- the cathode electrode of the present invention can be formed by forming the projecting portion with a column, forming an opening in the cathode base plate, and fitting the column constituting the projecting portion into the opening.
- the plasma CVD apparatus of the present invention is a plasma CVD apparatus that forms a high frequency capacitively coupled plasma by applying a high frequency, and includes a vacuum chamber including a cathode electrode and an anode electrode, and an upstream of the cathode electrode in the vacuum chamber.
- a reaction gas supply unit for supplying a reaction gas to the side, an exhaust unit for discharging the reaction gas from the vacuum chamber to the outside of the process chamber, a control unit for controlling the pressure in the vacuum chamber to a predetermined pressure, a cathode electrode and an anode electrode
- a power supply unit that supplies electric power in between and a substrate holder that disposes the processing substrate between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode can be provided.
- the plasma CVD apparatus allows the reaction gas supplied to the upstream side of the cathode electrode by the reaction gas supply unit to pass between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode from the reaction gas ejection hole provided in the cathode electrode. Can be spouted.
- the plasma CVD apparatus of the present invention can produce a solar cell including any one of a silicon semiconductor thin film, a silicon nitride thin film, a silicon oxide thin film, a silicon oxynitride thin film, and a carbon thin film.
- high-density plasma can be generated by optimizing the cathode electrode. Further, according to the present invention, the optimum range of plasma conditions can be widened by optimizing the cathode electrode, and the effective area of the electrode contributing to discharge can be widened to improve the deposition rate.
- the cathode By optimizing the cathode electrode, the cathode can be processed easily and inexpensively, and the cathode can be easily maintained.
- Ambient temperature is a graph showing a relationship of SiH 4, NH 3, the pressure of the gas in N 2 (Pa) a mean free (MFP) in 673 K. It is a figure for demonstrating the outline of the plasma CVD apparatus of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the part of the cathode electrode for demonstrating the outline of the plasma CVD apparatus of this invention. It is the top view and sectional drawing for demonstrating the cathode electrode of this invention. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the cathode electrode of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which surrounds the cathode electrode of this invention with an outer wall part. It is a figure for demonstrating a hexagonal close-packed arrangement and a square close-packed arrangement.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view for explaining the positional relationship between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode of the hollow cathode electrode and power feeding.
- the hollow cathode electrode is connected to a power source 15a between the cathode electrode 1 and the anode electrode 2 to apply a low frequency or high frequency alternating current.
- the electrode surface of the cathode electrode 1 emits electrons by ion irradiation.
- the hollow cathode electrode confines the emitted electrons between the cathode electrodes 1 to form a high-density electron space. By introducing the reaction gas 20 into the high density electron space, high density plasma is generated.
- a positive column 23 is formed which emits light uniformly without any external charge.
- the positive column 23 is in a plasma state.
- a cathode drop 21 and a negative glow 22 are formed on both cathode electrodes 1 by making the cathode electrodes 1 face each other.
- the electrons are confined by the cathode drop 21 generated on the side surface of the cathode electrode 1 without being incident on the surface of the cathode electrode 1 and repeatedly repelling and recoiling called the Pendulum effect on the side surface of the cathode electrode 1.
- a high density electron space is formed.
- FIG. 2 shows a case where the plasma hollow portion c is large
- FIG. 3 shows a case where the plasma hollow portion c is very small.
- the distance e between adjacent cathode electrodes 1 is about 1 to 1.5 times the mean free path of electrons
- the space between adjacent cathode electrodes 1 is filled with plasma.
- the mean free path of electrons is determined by the ambient temperature, pressure and gas molecule size. Therefore, in order to generate the hollow cathode discharge with the most area efficiency, the distance between the electrode surfaces of the cathode electrode serving as the hollow cathode electrode is set to about 1 to 1.5 times the mean free path of electrons, and the cathode electrode is formed at this interval.
- An optimal arrangement can be obtained by arranging the protruding parts constituting the convex parts.
- ⁇ g 3.11 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 24 ⁇ T4 / (P ⁇ d2) (2)
- T (K) represents the ambient temperature
- P (Pa) represents the pressure
- d (m) represents the diameter of the gas molecule.
- the mean free path ⁇ e of electrons is 1.22 mm.
- FIG. 5 shows the pressure of nitrogen gas having an ambient temperature of 673 K and the distance between the cathode electrodes.
- the distance between the cathode electrodes is assumed to be 1 and 1.5 times the mean free path ⁇ e of electrons.
- the white triangle points in FIG. 5 indicate the case where the distance between the cathode electrodes is 1 times the mean free process ⁇ e, and the black triangle points indicate the case where the distance between the cathode electrodes is 1.5 times the mean free process ⁇ e. Is shown.
- the electron mean free path ⁇ e can be obtained from FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the pressure (Pa) of each gas of SiH 4 , NH 3 , and N 2 and the mean free process (MFP) when the ambient temperature is 673K.
- a high-density electron space is formed such that the distance between the cathode electrodes is about 1 to 1.5 times the electron mean free path ⁇ e.
- a configuration for efficiently supplying a reaction gas into a space is provided.
- FIG. 7 and 8 are diagrams for explaining the outline of the plasma CVD apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 mainly shows the cathode electrode portion.
- the plasma CVD apparatus 10 is arranged with the cathode electrode 1 and the anode electrode 2 facing each other in the vacuum chamber 11, and supplies low-frequency or high-frequency AC power from a power source 15a between both electrodes.
- a heater 17 is built in the anode electrode 2 so that heating is possible, and the substrate 100 to be processed is disposed on the substrate holder 16.
- a matching unit 15b that matches impedance is connected between the power supply 15a and the cathode electrode 1 to reduce a loss of power supply to the cathode electrode 1 due to reflected power.
- the inside of the vacuum chamber 11 is exhausted by an exhaust unit 13 such as a vacuum pump, and a reaction gas is introduced from a gas supply unit 12.
- the pressure in the vacuum chamber 11 is controlled by the pressure control unit 14.
- the pressure control unit 14 can be configured by, for example, an exhaust speed control valve 14b that controls the exhaust speed of the exhaust unit 13 and a valve control unit 14a.
- the cathode electrode 1 is configured by attaching a plurality of protrusions 1a to the bottom surface 1g of the cathode base plate 1h so as to protrude toward the anode electrode 2 side.
- An uneven shape is formed by the convex portion 1A formed by the portion 1a.
- the protrusion 1a is formed with a gas flow path 1e through which a reaction gas passes, and the reaction gas is ejected into a space portion between the protrusions 1a from a reaction gas ejection hole 1d provided in a side surface portion.
- reaction gas ejected from the reaction gas ejection hole 1d is substantially parallel to the surface of the bottom surface 1g of the cathode base plate 1h, so that the space portion sandwiched between the plurality of protrusions 1a is the reaction gas. Make sure you are fully satisfied.
- FIG. 9 and 10 are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the cathode electrode, FIG. 9 is a plan view and a sectional view for explaining the cathode electrode, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view for explaining the cathode electrode. is there.
- the cathode strut 1c is formed with a gas flow path 1e through which a reaction gas passes through the protruding portion 1a and the fitting portion 1b, and in the reaction gas ejection hole 1d formed on the side surface of the protruding portion 1a on the tip side of the protruding portion 1a. It is connected.
- An opening 1f is formed on the other end side of the gas channel 1e, and the reaction gas supplied from the gas supply unit 12 is introduced into the gas channel 1e.
- the reactive gas ejection hole 1d is opened in a direction in which reactive gas is ejected in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the bottom surface 1g of the cathode base plate 1h.
- the gas flow path 1e is branched and connected to each reaction gas ejection hole 1d.
- 9 (a) and 9 (b) show the arrangement state of the protruding portion 1a.
- the distance between the side surfaces of the adjacent protrusions 1a is the distance between the shortest distance S1 and the longest distance S2.
- the diameter of the protruding portion 1a is D.
- a hollow cathode discharge space is formed between the protruding portion 1a and the wall surface 1j of the outer wall portion 1i.
- FIG. 11 shows a state in which the protrusions 1A formed by the plurality of protrusions 1a and the recesses / protrusions 1B formed by the bottom surface 1g of the cathode base plate 1h are surrounded by the outer wall 1i.
- the diameter of the gas flow path 1e is in the range of 0.5 mm to the diameter D of the cathode support column 1c, the diameter of the reactive gas ejection hole 1d is about 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, and the thickness T of the cathode base plate 1h. Is about 3 mm to 20 mm, the diameter D of the cathode column 1c is about 2 mm to 6 mm, and the protruding length H of the protruding portion 1a is about 3 mm to 15 mm.
- T 5 mm and 7 mm
- D 3 mm
- S1 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm
- H 5 mm and 7 mm
- the diameter of the flow path is 1.0 mm
- the reaction gas is assumed to be SiH 4 , the pressure is 70 Pa, and the ambient temperature is 673K.
- the distance S1 between the protruding portions of the anode electrode can be assumed based on FIGS.
- an average free process MFP of SiH 4 at an atmospheric temperature of 673 K and a pressure of 67 Pa is 1.06 mm
- an average free process MFP of NH 3 is 2.10 mm.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a hexagonal close-packed arrangement and a square close-packed arrangement.
- the hexagonal close-packed arrangement is arranged at the positions of the six vertices of the regular hexagon and the center position surrounded by the six vertices.
- the distance between the side surfaces of the adjacent protrusions 1a is the distance between the shortest distance S1 and the longest distance S2. .
- the distances of the shortest distance S1 and the longest distance S2 in FIGS. 12A and 12B are values corresponding to the respective array distances and do not represent the same value.
- each of the arranged protrusions 1a is not limited to the configuration in which all the protrusions 1a (cathode struts 1c) are provided with the reaction gas ejection holes 1d, but the protrusions having the reaction gas ejection holes 1d. It is good also as a structure which mixes the part 1a (cathode support
- FIGS. 13 to 15 are configuration examples in which all the projecting portions 1a (cathode struts 1c) are provided with reactive gas ejection holes 1d.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a hexagonal close-packed arrangement
- FIGS. Shows an example of a square close-packed arrangement.
- the protrusions 1a (cathode struts 1c) are arranged in a hexagonal close-packed manner, and all the protrusions 1a (cathode struts 1c) have reaction gas ejection holes 1d and are adjacent to each other.
- the direction of the longest distance S2 of 1a (cathode support 1c) is the ejection direction.
- the protrusions 1 a (cathode struts 1 c) are arranged in a square shape, and all the protrusions 1 a (cathode struts 1 c) have reaction gas ejection holes 1 d and are adjacent to each other.
- the direction of the longest distance S2 of the column 1c) is the ejection direction.
- the protrusions 1a (cathode struts 1c) are arranged in a square shape, and all the protrusions 1a (cathode struts 1c) have reaction gas ejection holes 1d and are adjacent to each other.
- the direction of the longest distance S2 of the (cathode support 1c) is combined with the ejection direction and the direction of the shortest distance S1 is combined with the ejection direction.
- FIG. 16 shows a configuration example in which the protruding portion 1a (cathode column 1c) having the reactive gas ejection hole 1d and the protruding portion 1a (cathode column 1c) not having the reactive gas ejection hole 1d are mixed in a predetermined distribution.
- An example is shown in which the protrusion 1a (cathode strut 1c) having the reaction gas ejection hole 1d and the protrusion 1a (cathode strut 1c) not having the reaction gas ejection hole 1d have a ratio of 1: 3. Yes.
- the gas type and pressure are mixed.
- the reaction gas can be introduced in accordance with process conditions such as temperature and temperature.
- the distance between the electrodes of the adjacent protrusions 1a can be varied, and the reaction gas can be uniformly ejected into the interelectrode space.
- the shape of the protruding portion 1a (cathode support 1c) of the cathode electrode is not limited to a cylindrical shape with a circular cross-sectional shape, and may be a columnar shape with an elliptical or polygonal cross-sectional shape.
- FIG. 17 (a) is an example of a cylindrical shape with a circular cross-sectional shape
- FIG. 17 (b) is an example of a cylindrical shape with an elliptical cross-sectional shape
- FIG. 17C is an example of a columnar body having a rectangular cross-sectional shape
- FIG. 17D is an example of a columnar body having a triangular cross-sectional shape.
- reaction gas ejection holes can be formed on the entire surface of each plane or on an arbitrary surface.
- the projections (cathode struts) of the convex portions are arranged in the most dense manner, and the reaction gas is ejected in a direction parallel to the bottom surface of the concave portions and the substrate, thereby reducing the generation area of the uniform and high-density plasma. Can be increased.
- the film formation rate can be improved by homogenizing the high-density plasma.
- the present invention can be applied not only to a thin film for solar cells but also to a sputtering apparatus, a CVD apparatus, an ashing apparatus, an etching apparatus, an MBE apparatus, a vapor deposition apparatus, and the like.
Abstract
Description
1A 凸部
1B 凹部
1a 突出部
1b 嵌込部
1c カソード支柱
1d 孔
1e ガス流路
1f 開口部
1g 底面
1h カソードベース板
1i 外壁部
1j 壁面
1k 開口部
2 アノード電極
10 プラズマCVD装置
11 真空チャンバー
12 ガス供給部
13 排気部
14 圧力制御部
14a 弁制御部
14b 排気速度制御弁
15 電力供給部
15a 電源
15b 整合器
16 基板ホルダ
17 ヒータ
20 反応ガス
21 陰極降下
22 負グロー
23 陽光柱
24 中空部分
100 基板
101 カソード電極
102 アノード電極
110 装置
111 真空チャンバー
112 反応ガス導入管
113 真空ポンプ
115a 電源
117 ヒータ
MFP 平均自由工程
ne 電子密度
S1 最短距離
S2 最長距離
T 板厚
Te 電子温度
λd デバイ長
λe 平均自由工程
λg 平均自由工程
λg=3.11×10-24×T4/(P×d2) …(2)
λe=λg ×4√2 …(3)
Claims (17)
- 高周波を印加して高周波容量結合型プラズマを形成する電極であって、
カソード電極は、
アノード電極と対向して配置し、
アノード電極と対向する対向面は、底面から成る凹部と、当該凹部の底面からアノード電極側に向かって突出する複数の突出部から形成される凸部からなる凹凸形状を有し、
前凸部の少なくとも何れか一つの突出部は、側面に反応ガスの噴出を可能とする反応ガス噴出し孔を少なくとも一つ有し、
前記反応ガス噴出し孔の反応ガスの噴出方向は、凹部の底面に対してほぼ平行であることを特徴とするプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。 - 前記カソード電極の突出部は、反応ガスを反応ガス噴出し孔に供給するための反応ガス流路を突出部の内部に備え、
前記反応ガス流路は、突出部の軸方向に沿って設けられた第1の流路と、前記第1の流路から分岐して前記反応ガス噴出し孔に連結する底面とほぼ平行な方向に設けられた第2の流路から成ることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。 - 前記カソード電極の突出部の隣接間隔は0.5mm~7mmの範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極の突出部が備える反応ガス噴出し孔の孔径は0.1mm~1.0mmの範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極の突出部の底面からの高さは3mm~15mmの範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極の底部および突出部の側面は、微細な凹凸面であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極の突出部は、凹部の底面上において、正方形の4つの頂点の位置と、4つの頂点で囲まれる中心の位置との正方形最密配列で配列されることを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れか一つに記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極の突出部は、凹部の底面上において、正六角形の6つの頂点の位置と、6つの頂点で囲まれる中心の位置との六角形最密配列で配列されることを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れか一つに記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極の突出部は、前記反応ガス噴出し孔が形成された突出部と前記反応ガス噴出し孔が形成されていない突出部とを凹部の底面上に所定の分布で配置することを特徴とする請求項1から8の何れか一つに記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極の突出部は、前記反応ガス噴出し孔が形成された突出部と前記反応ガス噴出し孔が形成されていない突出部とを1:4の比率で有し、
凹部の底面上において、正六角形の6つの頂点の位置と、6つの頂点で囲まれる中心の位置との六角形最密配列により配列されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。 - 前記カソード電極の突出部は、水平断面が円形の円筒の形状であることを特徴とする請求項1から10の何れか一つに記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極の突出部は、水平断面が多角形の多角柱の形状であることを特徴とする請求項1から10の何れか一つに記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極の突出部は、前記反応ガス噴出し孔を少なくとも一つ有することを特徴とする請求項1から8の何れか一つに記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 前記カソード電極は、前記突出部を内側に囲む外周壁を備え、
前記外周壁の壁面高さは突出部の高さとほぼ同じであることを特徴とする請求項1から13の何れか一つに記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。 - 前記カソード電極は、底面を構成するカソードベース板に設けた開口部に、突出部を構成する支柱を嵌め込むことで形成されることを特徴とする請求項1から14の何れか一つに記載のプラズマCVD用のカソード電極。
- 高周波を印加して高周波容量結合型プラズマを形成するプラズマCVD装置であって、
カソード電極およびアノード電極を備える真空チャンバーと、
前記真空チャンバー内の前記カソード電極の上流側に反応ガスを供給する反応ガス供給部と、
前記真空チャンバー内から反応ガスをプロセスチャンバー外に排出する排気部と、
前記真空チャンバー内の圧力を所定圧力に制御する制御部と、
前記カソード電極と前記アノード電極間に電力を供給する電力供給部と、
前記カソード電極と前記アノード電極との間に処理基板を配置する基板ホルダとを備え、
前記カソード電極は請求項1から請求項15の何れか一つに記載のカソード電極であり、
前記反応ガス供給部によってカソード電極の上流側に供給された反応ガスを、カソード電極が備える反応ガス噴出し孔からカソード電極とアノード電極との間に噴出させることを特徴とする、プラズマCVD装置。 - 請求項16に記載されたプラズマCVD装置を用いて成膜されたシリコン半導体薄膜、シリコン窒化薄膜、シリコン酸化薄膜、シリコン酸窒化薄膜、カーボン薄膜の何れかの薄膜を含む太陽電池。
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CN2008801279170A CN101971292B (zh) | 2008-04-08 | 2008-04-08 | 等离子体cvd用阴电极和等离子体cvd装置 |
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JP2018533158A (ja) * | 2015-08-31 | 2018-11-08 | トタル ソシエテ アノニムTotal Sa | 空間分解プラズマ処理を用いてパターン形成されたデバイスを製造する、プラズマ発生装置および方法 |
JP2019503086A (ja) * | 2015-12-22 | 2019-01-31 | シコ・テクノロジー・ゲーエムベーハーSICO Technology GmbH | 半導体産業用のシリコンのインジェクター |
CN111893455A (zh) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-11-06 | 河北美普兰地环保科技有限公司 | 金属基材碳纳米膜材料制造设备及其制备方法 |
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