WO2009122106A1 - Device and method for heating the passenger compartment of an automotive vehicle, in particular an automotive vehicle - Google Patents

Device and method for heating the passenger compartment of an automotive vehicle, in particular an automotive vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009122106A1
WO2009122106A1 PCT/FR2009/050462 FR2009050462W WO2009122106A1 WO 2009122106 A1 WO2009122106 A1 WO 2009122106A1 FR 2009050462 W FR2009050462 W FR 2009050462W WO 2009122106 A1 WO2009122106 A1 WO 2009122106A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
temperature
coolant
circulation circuit
heating medium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2009/050462
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Yu
Gerard Olivier
Original Assignee
Renault S.A.S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault S.A.S filed Critical Renault S.A.S
Publication of WO2009122106A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009122106A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2228—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant controlling the operation of heaters
    • B60H2001/224—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant controlling the operation of heaters automatic operation, e.g. control circuits or methods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the heating of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, in particular a vehicle equipped with an electric motor, such as a hybrid or electric vehicle.
  • the heating of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle requires the consumption of a large amount of energy.
  • a motor vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine it is generally used a portion of the heat of combustion of the engine to heat the air directed into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the heat energy released during the combustion of the fuel within the cylinders of the engine is such that the air dedicated to the heating of the passenger compartment can be rapidly heated and brought to a temperature suitable for heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the patent application WO 2007/1 14309 (Toyota) describes a device for storing the latent heat of water using phase change materials.
  • the latent heat storage material retains the latent heat in a supercooled state and releases it by mechanically canceling the super cooled condition by generating an electromagnetic field using an external generator.
  • the amount of energy stored for a given mass or volume remains relatively low given the large amount of energy required to heat the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.
  • the energy stored in the battery of a motor vehicle is not equivalent to 20% of the energy available in a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine. This small amount of stored energy is the main obstacle to the development of the electric vehicle. According to modes of implementation and implementation, there is provided a method and a heating device for storing a quantity of heat energy sufficient to heat the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle.
  • a heating device of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle comprising a circuit for circulating a heat transfer fluid between a heat transfer fluid heating system and a heating radiator.
  • the heating system comprises thermal storage means arranged to contain a heating medium in the liquid state at a first temperature below the boiling temperature of said medium and maintaining said heating medium in its liquid state at a second temperature higher than said boiling temperature and at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, and heating means adapted to heat said heating medium from said first temperature to the second temperature. temperature.
  • the heating medium for example water, remaining in the liquid state, a high density thermal storage is obtained.
  • the thermal storage means comprise a hermetic and adiabatic tank whose internal volume is greater than the volume of said heating medium in the liquid state at said first temperature, and a part of the heat transfer fluid circulation circuit passes through.
  • the reservoir comprise a hermetic and adiabatic tank whose internal volume is greater than the volume of said heating medium in the liquid state at said first temperature, and a part of the heat transfer fluid circulation circuit passes through.
  • the heating means comprise a resistive element at least partially located inside the thermal storage means and the value of the electrical resistance increases with its temperature.
  • the resistive element comprises a material chosen so as to confer a high value of resisting said second temperature to stop heating said heating medium to said second temperature.
  • the heating device further comprises two controlled valves able to be selectively open or closed placed on the circulation circuit of the heat transfer fluid in the vicinity of each end of the thermal storage means.
  • the circulation circuit further comprises a bypass branch equipped with a fluid flow control valve in the coolant circulation circuit.
  • the heating medium comprises pure water, Ethylene Glycol, or a mixture of both.
  • This device can be installed on a motor vehicle equipped with an electric motor, whether the vehicle is a hybrid or fully electric vehicle.
  • a method of heating a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle comprising heating a heat transfer fluid at a heating location of a heat transfer fluid circulation circuit and a return of heat by the heat transfer fluid in another place of the circulation circuit.
  • the heating of the coolant comprises heating a heating medium in the liquid state thermally coupled to the coolant at said heating location between a first temperature below the boiling temperature of said medium. and a second temperature above said boiling temperature and at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, said heating medium being maintained in its liquid state at said second temperature.
  • the heat transfer fluid is heated at the heating location via the heating medium while preventing the circulation of heat transfer fluid in the heating medium.
  • the circulation circuit is then allowed to escape the heat transfer fluid thus heated in the circulation circuit until the pressure is at equilibrium throughout the circulation circuit before allowing the heat transfer fluid to circulate freely in the circulation circuit. circulation.
  • the coolant is heated at the heating location via the heating medium while allowing the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the circulation circuit.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a thermal storage device with the heat transfer fluid circulation circuit, according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a mode of implementation of the heating method of the passenger compartment of the vehicle
  • FIG. 3 represents another embodiment of the method of heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle with the fluid flow control valve
  • Figures 4 and 5 show two modes of implementation of the method of a vehicle interior according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a circuit for circulating a coolant 16 between a heating system for the heat transfer fluid 1 and a heating radiator 11.
  • the heating medium in the liquid state 18 is stored at a temperature of first temperature in a thermal storage means 2 which can be a hermetic and adiabatic tank. This tank also contains a small volume of air 17 to compensate for the thermal expansion of the heating medium.
  • a heating means which may be a resistive element 3 is located at least partially inside the tank 2, and sees the value of its resistance increased with temperature.
  • the heating device further comprises means for increasing the temperature of the heating medium in the tank 2 without the heat transfer fluid circulation circuit 16 being in conditions of high temperature and high pressures. These means comprise two valves 6 and 7, and a temperature sensor
  • the circulating circuit of the coolant 16 comprises a pump 13 inducing the circulation of the fluid and an expansion tank 12.
  • the tank 2 also comprises a safety valve 8, a bottom cap 4 and a top cap 5, the latter two being composed of a thermally insulating material and intended to close the tank 2.
  • the thermal storage means 2 is sufficiently solid to maintain the pressure of the heating medium in the liquid state.
  • Heating is carried out by means of an electrical network when the motor vehicle is stopped.
  • the medium When the temperature of the heating medium in the liquid state increases by heating the electrical resistance, the medium reaches its boiling point at atmospheric pressure. As soon as bubbles appear in the tank 2, the pressure of the tank 2 increases, thus preventing the boiling of the heating medium in the tank 2 from continuing. As the temperature increases, the pressure continues to increase which thus allows the heating medium to be kept in the liquid state while having a high temperature in the tank 2 and thus a high density thermal storage.
  • the resistive element is made of a material chosen to impart a high resistance value to said second temperature in order to stop the heating of the heating medium at said second temperature, which automatically avoids overheating and overpressure of the heating medium in the tank 2.
  • a branch branch 15 can be added to allow the control of the flow of heat transfer fluid in the exchanger 9 when the fluid flow control valve 14 is open, and this while maintaining a maximum flow rate in the radiator January 1.
  • the bypass branch 15 is not activated, the flow control valve 14 of the heat transfer fluid in its circulation circuit being closed.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show two variants of a heating method of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the pilot valve 6 is first (step 40) closed while the pilot valve 7 is open (step 41).
  • the heating medium contained in the thermal storage means 2 is heated by means of the resistive element 3 supplied by the electrical network until said first temperature where the coolant contained in the exchanger 9 begins to boil. (100 0 C to
  • the valve 7 is closed (step 42) to prevent the rest of the coolant contained in the rest of the circulation circuit 16 do not evaporate.
  • the heating medium is continued to heat up to said second temperature, which is the target temperature (120 ° C. to 150 ° C., or even 200 ° C., depending on the composition of the liquid and the pressure).
  • the heater is then stopped and the vehicle is ready to go. If it is desired to heat the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle during the use of the motor vehicle, the valve 7 is then opened (step 43) gently in order to release the coolant contained in the exchanger 9 to the rest of the circuit.
  • step 44 the valve 6 is open (step 44) and the pump 13 is put in operation (step 45) in order to circulate the heat transfer fluid throughout the circuit and to extract the heat stored in the heating medium contained in the thermal storage means 2 during the passage of the fluid in the exchanger, and to release the heating energy towards the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle thanks to the heating radiator 1 1.
  • the two piloted valves 6 and 7 placed on the circulating circuit of the coolant 16 in the vicinity of each end of the thermal storage means 2 are open (step 50) during the heating of the heating medium at a standstill. of the vehicle, leaving the heat transfer fluid freely circulating in its circulation circuit 16 until the boiling of the heat transfer fluid in the exchanger begins. This is to allow heating of a maximum of the heat transfer fluid before the departure of the motor vehicle.
  • step 51 If it is desired to heat the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle during the use of the motor vehicle, it suffices then to put the pump 13 into operation (step 51) in order to induce an active circulation of the coolant in the circulation circuit 16 since the coolant is this time already at the equilibrium of temperature and pressure.
  • the heater stores 50% more heat than a conventional heat storage system. And the amount of heat is doubled if the device operates at a pressure of 15 bar. To this day, the air conditioning circuit of a motor vehicle is already operating at this last pressure, and the gas tank in the gaseous state operates at a pressure greater than 100 bar, which allows to consider cockpit heaters with much larger heating capacities.
  • a thermal storage device can be installed on a conventional thermal vehicle for the reduction of consumption and emissions during the cold start of the engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for heating the passenger compartment of an automotive vehicle, including a heat-transport fluid circulation loop (16) between a heat-transport fluid heating system (1) and a heating radiator (11). The heating system includes: heat storage means (2) arranged so as to contain a heating medium (18) in a liquid state at a first temperature lower than the boiling temperature of the the medium and to maintain said heating medium (18) in a liquid state at a second temperature that is greater than said boiling temperature and at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, and heating means for heating the heating medium from the first temperature to the second temperature.

Description

Dispositif et procédé de chauffage d'un habitacle de véhicule automobile, en particulier un véhicule automobile Device and method for heating a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle
La présente invention concerne le chauffage d'un habitacle de véhicule automobile, en particulier un véhicule équipé d'une motorisation électrique, tel qu'un véhicule hybride ou électrique.The present invention relates to the heating of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, in particular a vehicle equipped with an electric motor, such as a hybrid or electric vehicle.
Le chauffage de l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile nécessite la consommation d'une énergie importante. Dans le cas d'un véhicule automobile équipé d'un moteur thermique à combustion interne, on utilise en général une partie de la chaleur de combustion du moteur thermique pour chauffer l' air dirigé dans l'habitacle du véhicule. L 'énergie calorifique dégagée lors de la combustion du carburant au sein des cylindres du moteur thermique est telle que l' air dédié au chauffage de l'habitacle peut être rapidement chauffé et amené à une température convenable pour chauffer l'habitacle du véhicule.The heating of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle requires the consumption of a large amount of energy. In the case of a motor vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine, it is generally used a portion of the heat of combustion of the engine to heat the air directed into the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The heat energy released during the combustion of the fuel within the cylinders of the engine is such that the air dedicated to the heating of the passenger compartment can be rapidly heated and brought to a temperature suitable for heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
La demande de brevet WO 2007/1 14309 (Toyota) décrit un dispositif permettant de stocker la chaleur latente de l' eau grâce à des matériaux à changement de phase. Le matériau de stockage de la chaleur latente retient la chaleur latente dans un état super refroidi et la relâche en annulant mécaniquement l' état super refroidi grâce à la génération d'un champ électromagnétique à l' aide d'un générateur externe.The patent application WO 2007/1 14309 (Toyota) describes a device for storing the latent heat of water using phase change materials. The latent heat storage material retains the latent heat in a supercooled state and releases it by mechanically canceling the super cooled condition by generating an electromagnetic field using an external generator.
Cependant, la quantité d'énergie stockée pour une masse ou un volume donné reste relativement faible étant donné la quantité importante d' énergie nécessaire pour assurer le chauffage de l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile.However, the amount of energy stored for a given mass or volume remains relatively low given the large amount of energy required to heat the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.
Sur un véhicule électrique, il n'y a pas de combustion de carburant et donc pas de dégagement d'énergie calorifique lié à une combustion. La chaleur dégagée par les éléments de traction tel que le moteur électrique n' est pas suffisante pour assurer le chauffage de l'habitacle du véhicule, et l'utilisation de l' énergie stockée dans les batteries pour le chauffage est également impossible, sous peine d'avoir une autonomie de conduite d' autant plus réduite. En effet, l' énergie stockée dans la batterie d'un véhicule automobile n' est équivalente qu' à 20% de l' énergie accessible dans un véhicule comprenant un moteur à combustion interne. Cette faible quantité d' énergie stockée est le principal obstacle de développement du véhicule électrique. Selon des modes de mise en œuvre et de réalisation, il est proposé un procédé et un dispositif de chauffage permettant de stocker une quantité d' énergie calorifique suffisante pour chauffer l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile, en particulier un véhicule électrique.On an electric vehicle, there is no fuel combustion and therefore no release of heat energy due to combustion. The heat generated by the traction elements such as the electric motor is not sufficient to ensure the heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and the use of the energy stored in the batteries for heating is also impossible, otherwise to have driving autonomy all the more reduced. Indeed, the energy stored in the battery of a motor vehicle is not equivalent to 20% of the energy available in a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine. This small amount of stored energy is the main obstacle to the development of the electric vehicle. According to modes of implementation and implementation, there is provided a method and a heating device for storing a quantity of heat energy sufficient to heat the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un dispositif de chauffage d'un habitacle de véhicule automobile, comprenant un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur entre un système de chauffage du fluide caloporteur et un radiateur de chauffage.According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a heating device of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, comprising a circuit for circulating a heat transfer fluid between a heat transfer fluid heating system and a heating radiator.
Selon une caractéristique générale de cet aspect de l'invention, le système de chauffage comprend des moyens de stockage thermique agencés de façon à contenir un milieu de chauffage à l' état liquide à une première température inférieure à la température d' ébullition dudit milieu et à maintenir ledit milieu de chauffage dans son état liquide à une deuxième température supérieure à ladite température d' ébullition et à une pression supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, et des moyens de chauffage aptes à chauffer ledit milieu de chauffage de ladite première température à la deuxième température.According to a general characteristic of this aspect of the invention, the heating system comprises thermal storage means arranged to contain a heating medium in the liquid state at a first temperature below the boiling temperature of said medium and maintaining said heating medium in its liquid state at a second temperature higher than said boiling temperature and at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, and heating means adapted to heat said heating medium from said first temperature to the second temperature. temperature.
Le milieu de chauffage, par exemple de l' eau, restant à l' état liquide, on obtient un stockage thermique de haute densité.The heating medium, for example water, remaining in the liquid state, a high density thermal storage is obtained.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les moyens de stockage thermique comprennent un réservoir hermétique et adiabatique dont le volume interne est supérieur au volume dudit milieu de chauffage à l' état liquide à ladite première température, et une partie du circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur traverse le réservoir.According to one embodiment, the thermal storage means comprise a hermetic and adiabatic tank whose internal volume is greater than the volume of said heating medium in the liquid state at said first temperature, and a part of the heat transfer fluid circulation circuit passes through. The reservoir.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les moyens de chauffage comprennent un élément résistif au moins partiellement situé à l' intérieur des moyens de stockage thermique et dont la valeur de la résistance électrique augmente avec sa température.According to another embodiment, the heating means comprise a resistive element at least partially located inside the thermal storage means and the value of the electrical resistance increases with its temperature.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l' élément résistif comporte un matériau choisi de manière à conférer une grande valeur de résistance à ladite deuxième température afin d' arrêter le chauffage dudit milieu de chauffage à ladite deuxième température.According to another embodiment, the resistive element comprises a material chosen so as to confer a high value of resisting said second temperature to stop heating said heating medium to said second temperature.
Ceci permet d' éviter une surchauffe du milieu de chauffage dans le réservoir Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le dispositif de chauffage comprend en outre deux vannes pilotées aptes à être sélectivement ouvertes ou fermées placées sur le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur au voisinage de chaque extrémité des moyens de stockage thermique. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le circuit de circulation comporte en outre une branche de dérivation équipée d'une vanne de contrôle du débit de fluide dans le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur.This makes it possible to prevent overheating of the heating medium in the tank. According to another embodiment, the heating device further comprises two controlled valves able to be selectively open or closed placed on the circulation circuit of the heat transfer fluid in the vicinity of each end of the thermal storage means. According to another embodiment, the circulation circuit further comprises a bypass branch equipped with a fluid flow control valve in the coolant circulation circuit.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le milieu de chauffage comporte de l' eau pure, de l'Ethylène Glycol, ou un mélange des deux.In another embodiment, the heating medium comprises pure water, Ethylene Glycol, or a mixture of both.
Ce dispositif peut être installé sur un véhicule automobile équipé d'une motorisation électrique, que ce véhicule soit un véhicule hybride ou totalement électrique.This device can be installed on a motor vehicle equipped with an electric motor, whether the vehicle is a hybrid or fully electric vehicle.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un procédé de chauffage d'un habitacle de véhicule automobile, comprenant un chauffage d'un fluide caloporteur en un endroit de chauffage d'un circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur et une restitution de chaleur par le fluide caloporteur en un autre endroit du circuit de circulation. Selon une caractéristique générale de cet autre aspect, le chauffage du fluide caloporteur comprend un chauffage d'un milieu de chauffage à l' état liquide thermiquement couplé au fluide caloporteur audit endroit de chauffage entre une première température inférieure à la température d'ébullition dudit milieu et une deuxième température supérieure à ladite température d' ébullition et à une pression supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, ledit milieu de chauffage étant maintenu dans son état liquide à ladite deuxième température.According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of heating a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, comprising heating a heat transfer fluid at a heating location of a heat transfer fluid circulation circuit and a return of heat by the heat transfer fluid in another place of the circulation circuit. According to a general characteristic of this other aspect, the heating of the coolant comprises heating a heating medium in the liquid state thermally coupled to the coolant at said heating location between a first temperature below the boiling temperature of said medium. and a second temperature above said boiling temperature and at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, said heating medium being maintained in its liquid state at said second temperature.
Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre, on chauffe le fluide caloporteur à l' endroit de chauffage par l'intermédiaire du milieu de chauffage tout en empêchant la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans Ie circuit de circulation puis on laisse s 'échapper le fluide caloporteur ainsi chauffé dans le circuit de circulation jusqu' à ce que la pression soit à l' équilibre dans tout le circuit de circulation avant de laisser librement circuler le fluide caloporteur dans le circuit de circulation. Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre, on chauffe le fluide caloporteur à l' endroit de chauffage par l'intermédiaire du milieu de chauffage tout en autorisant la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans le circuit de circulation.According to one embodiment, the heat transfer fluid is heated at the heating location via the heating medium while preventing the circulation of heat transfer fluid in the heating medium. The circulation circuit is then allowed to escape the heat transfer fluid thus heated in the circulation circuit until the pressure is at equilibrium throughout the circulation circuit before allowing the heat transfer fluid to circulate freely in the circulation circuit. circulation. According to another embodiment, the coolant is heated at the heating location via the heating medium while allowing the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the circulation circuit.
D ' autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à l' examen de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention, et d'un mode de mise en œuvre, nullement limitatifs, et des dessins annexés, sur lesquels : la figure 1 illustre schématiquement un exemple de réalisation d'un dispositif de stockage thermique avec le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur, selon l' invention ; la figure 2 représente un mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de chauffage de l'habitacle du véhicule ; la figure 3 représente un autre mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de chauffage de l'habitacle du véhicule avec la vanne de contrôle du débit du fluide; les figures 4 et 5 représentent deux modes de mise en œuvre du procédé de d'un habitacle de véhicule selon l' invention. Sur la figure 1 est représenté de manière schématique un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur 16 entre un système de chauffage du fluide caloporteur 1 et un radiateur de chauffage 1 1. Le milieu de chauffage à l' état liquide 18 est stocké à une première température dans un moyen de stockage thermique 2 qui peut être un réservoir hermétique et adiabatique. Ce réservoir contient également un petit volume d' air 17 permettant de compenser la dilation thermique du milieu de chauffage. Un moyen de chauffage qui peut être un élément résistif 3 est situé au moins partiellement à l'intérieur du réservoir 2, et voit la valeur de sa résistance augmentée avec la température. Le dispositif de chauffage comprend en outre des moyens permettant d' augmenter la température du milieu de chauffage dans le réservoir 2 sans que le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur 16 ne soit en conditions de température et de pressions élevées. Ces moyens comportent deux vannes 6 et 7, et un capteur de températureOther advantages and features of the invention will become apparent upon examination of the detailed description of an embodiment of the invention, and an embodiment, in no way limiting, and the accompanying drawings, in which: : Figure 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a thermal storage device with the heat transfer fluid circulation circuit, according to the invention; FIG. 2 represents a mode of implementation of the heating method of the passenger compartment of the vehicle; FIG. 3 represents another embodiment of the method of heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle with the fluid flow control valve; Figures 4 and 5 show two modes of implementation of the method of a vehicle interior according to the invention. FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a circuit for circulating a coolant 16 between a heating system for the heat transfer fluid 1 and a heating radiator 11. The heating medium in the liquid state 18 is stored at a temperature of first temperature in a thermal storage means 2 which can be a hermetic and adiabatic tank. This tank also contains a small volume of air 17 to compensate for the thermal expansion of the heating medium. A heating means which may be a resistive element 3 is located at least partially inside the tank 2, and sees the value of its resistance increased with temperature. The heating device further comprises means for increasing the temperature of the heating medium in the tank 2 without the heat transfer fluid circulation circuit 16 being in conditions of high temperature and high pressures. These means comprise two valves 6 and 7, and a temperature sensor
10. Le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur 16 comprend une pompe 13 induisant la circulation du fluide et un vase d'expansion 12.10. The circulating circuit of the coolant 16 comprises a pump 13 inducing the circulation of the fluid and an expansion tank 12.
Le réservoir 2 comprend également une soupape de sécurité 8 , un bouchon bas 4 et un bouchon haut 5 , ces deux derniers étant composés d'une matière thermiquement isolante et prévus pour fermer le réservoir 2.The tank 2 also comprises a safety valve 8, a bottom cap 4 and a top cap 5, the latter two being composed of a thermally insulating material and intended to close the tank 2.
Le moyen stockage thermique 2 est suffisamment solide pour tenir la pression du milieu de chauffage à l' état liquide.The thermal storage means 2 is sufficiently solid to maintain the pressure of the heating medium in the liquid state.
Le chauffage est effectué à l 'aide d'un réseau électrique lors de l' arrêt du véhicule automobile.Heating is carried out by means of an electrical network when the motor vehicle is stopped.
Lorsque la température du milieu de chauffage à l' état liquide augmente par le chauffage de la résistance électrique, le milieu atteint sa température d' ébullition à pression atmosphérique. Dès l ' apparition de bulles dans le réservoir 2, la pression du réservoir 2 augmente, empêchant de ce fait la poursuite de l 'ébullition du milieu de chauffage dans le réservoir 2. Au fur et à mesure de l'augmentation de la température, la pression continue à augmenter ce qui permet ainsi de conserver le milieu de chauffage à l'état liquide tout en ayant une température importante dans le réservoir 2 et ainsi un stockage thermique de haute densité.When the temperature of the heating medium in the liquid state increases by heating the electrical resistance, the medium reaches its boiling point at atmospheric pressure. As soon as bubbles appear in the tank 2, the pressure of the tank 2 increases, thus preventing the boiling of the heating medium in the tank 2 from continuing. As the temperature increases, the pressure continues to increase which thus allows the heating medium to be kept in the liquid state while having a high temperature in the tank 2 and thus a high density thermal storage.
Ces augmentations de température et de pression sont ralenties et s' arrêtent complètement lorsque le milieu de chauffage atteint une deuxième température, supérieure à la première, qui est sa température de consigne. En effet, l' élément résistif est constitué d'un matériau choisi de manière à conférer une grande valeur de résistance à ladite deuxième température afin d' arrêter le chauffage du milieu de chauffage à ladite deuxième température, ce qui évite automatiquement la surchauffe et la surpression du milieu de chauffage dans le réservoir 2. Une fois le véhicule démarré, la chaleur stockée par le milieu de chauffage dans le réservoir 2 est évacuée par un échangeur 9 relié à un radiateur de chauffage 1 1 par le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur 16. Ceci est illustré sur la figure 2. Sur cette figure, le fluide caloporteur circule librement dans le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur 16 grâce au fonctionnement d'une pompe 13 , lorsque les deux vannes pilotées 6 et 7 placées sur le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur 16 au voisinage des moyens de stockage thermique 2 sont ouvertes.These increases in temperature and pressure are slowed down and stop completely when the heating medium reaches a second temperature, higher than the first, which is its set temperature. Indeed, the resistive element is made of a material chosen to impart a high resistance value to said second temperature in order to stop the heating of the heating medium at said second temperature, which automatically avoids overheating and overpressure of the heating medium in the tank 2. Once the vehicle has started, the heat stored by the heating medium in the tank 2 is discharged through an exchanger 9 connected to a heating radiator January 1 by the heat transfer fluid circulation circuit 16. This is illustrated in Figure 2. In this figure, the heat transfer fluid circulates freely in the circulation circuit of the coolant 16 through the operation of a pump 13, when the two controlled valves 6 and 7 placed on the circulation circuit of the coolant 16 in the vicinity of the means of thermal storage 2 are open.
Une branche de dérivation 15 peut être rajoutée afin de permettre le contrôle du débit du fluide caloporteur dans l' échangeur 9 lorsque la vanne de contrôle de débit du fluide 14 est ouverte, et ceci tout en maintenant un débit maximum dans le radiateur 1 1. Sur la figure 3 , la branche de dérivation 15 n' est pas activée, la vanne de contrôle de débit 14 du fluide caloporteur dans son circuit de circulation étant fermée.A branch branch 15 can be added to allow the control of the flow of heat transfer fluid in the exchanger 9 when the fluid flow control valve 14 is open, and this while maintaining a maximum flow rate in the radiator January 1. In FIG. 3, the bypass branch 15 is not activated, the flow control valve 14 of the heat transfer fluid in its circulation circuit being closed.
Les figures 4 et 5 présentent deux variantes d'un procédé de chauffage de l'habitacle du véhicule. Sur la figure 4, la vanne pilotée 6 est tout d'abord (étape 40) fermée tandis que la vanne pilotée 7 est ouverte (étape 41 ). Le milieu de chauffage contenu dans le moyen de stockage thermique 2 est chauffé à l' aide de l'élément résistif 3 alimenté par le réseau électrique jusqu' à ladite première température où le fluide caloporteur contenu dans l' échangeur 9 commence à entrer en ébullition (1000C àFigures 4 and 5 show two variants of a heating method of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. In Figure 4, the pilot valve 6 is first (step 40) closed while the pilot valve 7 is open (step 41). The heating medium contained in the thermal storage means 2 is heated by means of the resistive element 3 supplied by the electrical network until said first temperature where the coolant contained in the exchanger 9 begins to boil. (100 0 C to
1200C suivant la composition du fluide caloporteur). Cette température peut être contrôlée par le capteur de température 10. Lorsque l' échangeur 9 contient une petite quantité de vapeur, la vanne 7 est fermée (étape 42) pour éviter que le reste du fluide caloporteur contenu dans le reste du circuit de circulation 16 ne s' évapore. On continue à chauffer le milieu de chauffage jusqu'à ladite deuxième température qui est la température de consigne ( 1200C à 1500C, voire 2000C suivant la composition du liquide et la pression). Le chauffage est alors arrêté et le véhicule est prêt à partir. Si l'on veut chauffer l'habitacle du véhicule automobile lors de l'utilisation du véhicule automobile, la vanne 7 est alors ouverte (étape 43) doucement afin de libérer le fluide caloporteur contenu dans l' échangeur 9 vers le reste du circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur 16, et ainsi équilibrer la pression et la température dans le circuit de circulation 16. Une fois le fluide caloporteur à l' équilibre de pression et de température la vanne 6 est ouverte (étape 44) et la pompe 13 est mise en fonctionnement (étape 45) afin de faire circuler le fluide caloporteur dans tout le circuit et d' extraire la chaleur emmagasinée dans le milieu de chauffage contenu dans le moyen de stockage thermique 2 lors du passage du fluide dans l'échangeur, et de libérer l' énergie calorifique vers l'habitacle du véhicule automobile grâce au radiateur de chauffage 1 1.120 0 C according to the composition of the coolant). This temperature can be controlled by the temperature sensor 10. When the exchanger 9 contains a small amount of steam, the valve 7 is closed (step 42) to prevent the rest of the coolant contained in the rest of the circulation circuit 16 do not evaporate. The heating medium is continued to heat up to said second temperature, which is the target temperature (120 ° C. to 150 ° C., or even 200 ° C., depending on the composition of the liquid and the pressure). The heater is then stopped and the vehicle is ready to go. If it is desired to heat the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle during the use of the motor vehicle, the valve 7 is then opened (step 43) gently in order to release the coolant contained in the exchanger 9 to the rest of the circuit. circulation of the coolant 16, and thus balance the pressure and the temperature in the circulation circuit 16. Once the heat transfer fluid to the equilibrium of pressure and temperature the valve 6 is open (step 44) and the pump 13 is put in operation (step 45) in order to circulate the heat transfer fluid throughout the circuit and to extract the heat stored in the heating medium contained in the thermal storage means 2 during the passage of the fluid in the exchanger, and to release the heating energy towards the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle thanks to the heating radiator 1 1.
Sur la figure 5 , les deux vannes pilotées 6 et 7 placées sur le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur 16 au voisinage de chaque extrémité des moyens de stockage thermique 2 sont ouvertes (étape 50) lors du chauffage du milieu de chauffage à l'arrêt du véhicule, laissant le fluide caloporteur librement circuler dans son circuit de circulation 16 jusqu'au début de l' ébullition du fluide caloporteur dans l' échangeur. Ceci afin de permettre de chauffer un maximum du fluide caloporteur avant le départ du véhicule automobile.In FIG. 5, the two piloted valves 6 and 7 placed on the circulating circuit of the coolant 16 in the vicinity of each end of the thermal storage means 2 are open (step 50) during the heating of the heating medium at a standstill. of the vehicle, leaving the heat transfer fluid freely circulating in its circulation circuit 16 until the boiling of the heat transfer fluid in the exchanger begins. This is to allow heating of a maximum of the heat transfer fluid before the departure of the motor vehicle.
Si l'on veut chauffer l'habitacle du véhicule automobile lors de l'utilisation du véhicule automobile, il suffit alors de mettre la pompe 13 en fonctionnement (étape 51 ) afin d'induire une circulation active du fluide caloporteur dans le circuit de circulation 16 étant donné que le fluide caloporteur est cette fois déjà à l'équilibre de température et de pression.If it is desired to heat the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle during the use of the motor vehicle, it suffices then to put the pump 13 into operation (step 51) in order to induce an active circulation of the coolant in the circulation circuit 16 since the coolant is this time already at the equilibrium of temperature and pressure.
Si le réservoir 2 fonctionne à une pression de 5 bars, le dispositif de chauffage stocke 50% de chaleur en plus qu'un système de stockage de chaleur classique. Et la quantité de chaleur est doublée si le dispositif fonctionne à une pression de 15 bars. A ce jour, le circuit de climatisation d'un véhicule automobile fonctionne déjà à cette dernière pression, et le réservoir de carburant à l' état gazeux fonctionne à une pression supérieure à 100 bars, ce qui permet d' envisager des dispositifs de chauffage d'habitacle avec des capacités calorifiques bien plus importantes.If the tank 2 operates at a pressure of 5 bar, the heater stores 50% more heat than a conventional heat storage system. And the amount of heat is doubled if the device operates at a pressure of 15 bar. To this day, the air conditioning circuit of a motor vehicle is already operating at this last pressure, and the gas tank in the gaseous state operates at a pressure greater than 100 bar, which allows to consider cockpit heaters with much larger heating capacities.
Par ailleurs, un dispositif de stockage thermique selon l' invention peut être installé sur un véhicule thermique conventionnel pour la réduction de consommation et des émissions lors du démarrage à froid du moteur. Furthermore, a thermal storage device according to the invention can be installed on a conventional thermal vehicle for the reduction of consumption and emissions during the cold start of the engine.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de chauffage d'un habitacle de véhicule automobile, comprenant un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur ( 16) entre un système de chauffage du fluide caloporteur ( 1 ) et un radiateur de chauffage ( 1 1 ), caractérisé par le fait que le système de chauffage comprend des moyens de stockage thermique (2) agencés de façon à contenir un milieu de chauffage à l 'état liquide à une première température inférieure à la température d' ébullition dudit milieu et à maintenir ledit milieu de chauffage dans son état liquide à une deuxième température supérieure à ladite température d' ébullition et à une pression supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, et des moyens de chauffage aptes à chauffer ledit milieu de chauffage de ladite première température à la deuxième température.A device for heating a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, comprising a circuit for circulating a heat transfer fluid (16) between a heat transfer fluid heating system (1) and a heating radiator (1 1), characterized by the the heating system comprises thermal storage means (2) arranged to contain a heating medium in the liquid state at a first temperature below the boiling temperature of said medium and to maintain the heating medium in the heating medium. its liquid state at a second temperature above said boiling temperature and at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, and heating means adapted to heat said heating medium from said first temperature to the second temperature.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel les moyens de stockage thermique (2) comprennent un réservoir hermétique et adiabatique dont le volume interne est supérieur au volume dudit milieu de chauffage à l' état liquide à ladite première température, et une partie du circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur traverse le réservoir. 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the thermal storage means (2) comprise a hermetic and adiabatic tank whose internal volume is greater than the volume of said heating medium in the liquid state at said first temperature, and a part of the circulation circuit of the coolant passes through the tank.
3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel les moyens de chauffage comprennent un élément résistif (3) au moins partiellement situé à l'intérieur des moyens de stockage thermique (2) et dont la valeur de la résistance électrique augmente avec sa température. 3. Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the heating means comprise a resistive element (3) at least partially located inside the thermal storage means (2) and whose resistance value electric increases with its temperature.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3 , dans lequel l' élément résistif comporte un matériau choisi de manière à conférer une grande valeur de résistance à ladite deuxième température afin d'arrêter le chauffage dudit milieu de chauffage à ladite deuxième température.4. Device according to claim 3, wherein the resistive element comprises a material chosen so as to give a large resistance value to said second temperature in order to stop the heating of said heating medium to said second temperature.
5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, comprenant en outre deux vannes pilotées (6 et 7) aptes à être sélectivement ouvertes ou fermées placées sur le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur ( 16) au voisinage de chaque extrémité des moyens de stockage thermique (2).5. Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, further comprising two controlled valves (6 and 7) adapted to be selectively open or closed placed on the coolant circulation circuit (16) in the vicinity of each end of thermal storage means (2).
6. Dispositif selon les revendications 1 à 5 , dans lequel le circuit de circulation comporte en outre une branche de dérivation (15) équipée d'une vanne ( 14) de contrôle du débit de fluide dans le circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur ( 16).6. Device according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the circulation circuit further comprises a bypass branch (15) equipped with a valve (14) for controlling the flow of fluid in the coolant circulation circuit (16). ).
7. Dispositif selon les revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le milieu de chauffage comporte de l' eau pure, de l'Ethylène Glycol, ou un mélange des deux.7. Device according to claims 1 to 6, wherein the heating medium comprises pure water, Ethylene Glycol, or a mixture of both.
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, installé sur un véhicule automobile équipé d'une motorisation électrique.8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, installed on a motor vehicle equipped with an electric motor.
9. Procédé de chauffage d'un habitacle de véhicule automobile, comprenant un chauffage d'un fluide caloporteur en un endroit de chauffage d'un circuit de circulation du fluide caloporteur ( 16) et une restitution de chaleur par le fluide caloporteur en un autre endroit du circuit de circulation ( 16), caractérisé par le fait que le chauffage du fluide caloporteur comprend un chauffage d'un milieu de chauffage à l' état liquide ( 18) thermiquement couplé au fluide caloporteur audit endroit de chauffage entre une première température inférieure à la température d' ébullition dudit milieu et une deuxième température supérieure à ladite température d' ébullition et à une pression supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, ledit milieu de chauffage ( 18) étant maintenu dans son état liquide à ladite deuxième température.9. A method of heating a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, comprising a heating of a coolant at a heating location of a coolant circulation circuit (16) and a heat recovery by the coolant in another of the circulation circuit (16), characterized in that the heating of the coolant comprises heating of a heating medium in the liquid state (18) thermally coupled to the coolant at said heating location between a first temperature below the boiling temperature of said medium and a second temperature above said boiling temperature and at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, said heating medium (18) being maintained in its liquid state at said second temperature.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel on chauffe le fluide caloporteur à l' endroit de chauffage par l' intermédiaire du milieu de chauffage ( 18) tout en empêchant la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans le circuit de circulation ( 16) puis on laisse s' échapper le fluide caloporteur ainsi chauffé dans le circuit de circulation ( 16) jusqu' à ce que la pression soit à l' équilibre dans tout le circuit de circulation ( 16) avant de laisser librement circuler le fluide caloporteur dans le circuit de circulation ( 16).10. The method of claim 9, wherein the coolant is heated to the heating location via the heating medium (18) while preventing the circulation of heat transfer fluid in the circulation circuit (16) and then the heat transfer fluid thus heated is allowed to escape into the circulation circuit (16) until the pressure is at equilibrium throughout the circulation circuit (16) before allowing the heat transfer fluid to circulate freely in the circulation circuit. circulation (16).
1 1. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel on chauffe le fluide caloporteur à l' endroit de chauffage par l' intermédiaire du milieu de chauffage ( 18) tout en autorisant la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans le circuit de circulation ( 16). The method according to claim 9, wherein the heat transfer fluid is heated at the heating location via the heating medium (18) while allowing the circulation of the coolant in the circulation circuit (16).
PCT/FR2009/050462 2008-03-19 2009-03-19 Device and method for heating the passenger compartment of an automotive vehicle, in particular an automotive vehicle WO2009122106A1 (en)

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FR0851777A FR2928867B1 (en) 2008-03-19 2008-03-19 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR HEATING A VEHICLE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE, ESPECIALLY AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE.
FR0851777 2008-03-19

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FR2962071B1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2014-07-25 Valeo Systemes Thermiques DEVICE AND METHOD FOR HEATING A MOTOR VEHICLE
FR2966389B1 (en) * 2010-10-20 2012-11-16 Valeo Systemes Thermiques HEAT PUMP FLUID CIRCUIT ADAPTED TO AN ELECTRIC PROPULSION VEHICLE
FR2991762B1 (en) * 2012-06-11 2014-07-25 Valeo Systemes Thermiques THERMAL BATTERY AND ASSOCIATED HEATING DEVICE.
FR2991761B1 (en) * 2012-06-11 2014-07-25 Valeo Systemes Thermiques THERMAL BATTERY AND ASSOCIATED HEATING DEVICE.
DE102016117545A1 (en) * 2016-09-17 2018-03-22 K o n v e k t a Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung und Co Kommanditgesellschaft Spezialwerk für Fahrzeugkühlung und Klimatisierung Heat storage heating system and method
CN113370754B (en) * 2021-06-22 2023-05-12 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Heating system and car

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