EP2334504A1 - Automobile with electric motor comprising a cooling circuit for the electronic power circuit connected to a heating radiator of the passenger compartment - Google Patents

Automobile with electric motor comprising a cooling circuit for the electronic power circuit connected to a heating radiator of the passenger compartment

Info

Publication number
EP2334504A1
EP2334504A1 EP09752435A EP09752435A EP2334504A1 EP 2334504 A1 EP2334504 A1 EP 2334504A1 EP 09752435 A EP09752435 A EP 09752435A EP 09752435 A EP09752435 A EP 09752435A EP 2334504 A1 EP2334504 A1 EP 2334504A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling circuit
vehicle
fluid
cooling
heating radiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09752435A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Yu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP2334504A1 publication Critical patent/EP2334504A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • B60H1/00499—Heat or cold storage without phase change including solid bodies, e.g. batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts

Definitions

  • Motor vehicle with an electric motor comprising a cooling circuit of the electronic power circuit connected to a heating radiator of the passenger compartment
  • the present invention relates to a motor vehicle, equipped with an electric motor, and which comprises an electronic power circuit, cooled by a cooling circuit in which circulates a coolant.
  • This cooling circuit comprises a heating radiator of the passenger compartment. This heating radiator of the passenger compartment can transfer the calories carried by the heat transfer fluid of the cooling circuit, to the air of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the document FR 2 757 456 describes a motor vehicle which comprises an electric motor and an electronic power circuit, cooled by a cooling circuit in which circulates a heat transfer fluid.
  • This cooling circuit includes a heating radiator which can transfer the heat transfer heat of the heat transfer fluid to the air of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the aforementioned document proposes to use a heating radiator with two layers. In one of these layers circulates the heat transfer fluid of the cooling circuit, while the other sheet is part of a second circuit in which circulates a second heat transfer fluid which can be heated by an electrical resistance connected to the vehicle battery.
  • the start-up heating of the vehicle remains problematic. Indeed, at startup, the cooling circuit fluid is cold and heating must therefore use only the second sheet whose heat transfer fluid is heated by a resistor that draws its electrical energy into the vehicle battery. However, in cold weather, the chemical reaction taking place in the battery is greatly slowed down and the battery can not always start the vehicle and thus provide energy to the aforementioned heating resistor.
  • the lack of heating in the cabin is not just a problem of comfort. It can be dangerous, due to fogging, covering the windows of the passenger compartment, which strongly hinders driving or even completely prevents it.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an electric motor vehicle that has a cabin that can be easily and quickly heated, even when starting the vehicle.
  • the present invention proposes a motor vehicle comprising an electric motor, a passenger compartment, an electronic power circuit and a cooling circuit of said electronic power circuit, in which a coolant circulates and which comprises:
  • a heating radiator disposed upstream of said heat exchanger, adapted to transfer the calories transported by said heat transfer fluid to the air of said passenger compartment via a fan.
  • said cooling circuit comprises an adiabatic reservoir, able to store at least a fraction of said coolant circulating in said cooling circuit, whereby, by storing at least a fraction of said heated fluid during the operation of said vehicle, it it is possible, by introducing said hot fluid stored in said adiabatic tank, in said heating radiator, to rapidly heat the cabin when starting said vehicle or demist the windows.
  • the circulation of the hot fluid in the cooling circuit consumes little electrical energy and can therefore be implemented from the start of the vehicle.
  • the cooling circuit of an electric motor vehicle is simpler than the cooling circuit of a heat engine vehicle.
  • the The cooling circuit that equips the vehicle according to the invention is therefore simple to fill and purge.
  • the adiabatic tank can be easily installed, especially in the engine compartment of the vehicle.
  • the engine compartment contains only the engine, the electronic power circuit and the transmission members.
  • the battery or batteries which can be bulky, are generally arranged outside the engine compartment.
  • said reservoir is disposed above said cooling circuit so that said stored fluid flows in said cooling circuit, under the effect of gravity. In this way, it is possible to circulate the hot fluid in the cooling circuit without using the battery.
  • the bodies to be cooled are at a lower level than in a vehicle with a combustion engine.
  • said adiabatic reservoir comprises an input connected to the output of said heating radiator and an output connected to said input of said heating radiator.
  • said cooling circuit comprises a secondary pump, able to transfer the entire volume of said coolant into said adiabatic tank.
  • This pump makes it possible to quickly empty the cooling circuit when the vehicle is stopped.
  • the hot fluid does not have time to cool.
  • the entire volume of fluid being stored in the tank thus stores the maximum possible heat.
  • the emptying of the cooling circuit makes it possible not to increase the volume of the heat transfer fluid circulating the cooling circuit, which makes it possible not to weigh down the vehicle.
  • the vehicle comprises valve means, arranged so as to cut or reduce the flow of said fluid to said heat exchanger.
  • the hot fluid does not circulate in the heat exchanger, it discharges its heat only at the heating radiator of the passenger compartment and thus optimizes the heating of the passenger compartment.
  • said cooling circuit also makes it possible to cool said motor.
  • said cooling circuit may comprise secondary valve means, arranged to allow the interruption of the circulation of said fluid in the portion of said circuit for cooling said motor. These secondary valve means allow either to not circulate the hot fluid to the motor, or reduce their flow to the minimum necessary.
  • FIGURE schematically represents an embodiment of the cooling circuit fitted to the vehicle according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a cooling circuit, with its annexes, equipping a vehicle according to the invention.
  • the solid lines represent the ducts in which the coolant circulates.
  • the dashed lines represent the electrical connections.
  • the vehicle according to the invention comprises an electric motor 1 and an electronic power circuit 2.
  • the motor 1 is cooled by a heat exchanger (not shown) which may be a simple coil, surrounding the motor , in which circulates a coolant.
  • the two heat exchangers, located respectively at the level of the motor 1 and the power electronic circuit 2, are connected, in parallel with one another, by conduits in which circulates the same coolant.
  • This hot loop makes it possible to transfer the calories transported by the coolant, reheated in contact with the engine
  • the cooling radiator 3 is thermally connected in series with the engine 1 and the electronic power circuit 2. The hot loop and the cooling radiator 3 form the cooling circuit of the vehicle.
  • a heating radiator 4 is thermally connected, in parallel, with the motor 1 and the power electronics circuit 2.
  • This heating radiator 4 is arranged so as to allow the hot heat transfer fluid, exiting of the hot loop, to yield the calories it carries, to the air of the vehicle cabin, through the fan 15.
  • the cooling radiator 3 is connected to the output of the cooling exchanger of the engine 1 and the inlet of the pump 5 ensuring the circulation of the fluid in the cooling circuit and in the heating radiator 4.
  • Valve means (not shown) allow to bypass the radiator 3. When the cooling radiator 3 is short-circuited, the fluid then circulates between the engine 1, the electronic power circuit
  • the vehicle comprises an adiabatic tank 6 (a double-wall tank, heat-insulated, for example) which is connected to the cooling circuit, downstream of the heating radiator 4 and upstream of the radiator inlet.
  • This adiabatic tank 6 comprises an inlet 61, connected to the cooling circuit, between the heating radiator 4 and the inlet of the cooling radiator 3, and an outlet 62, equipped with first valve means 7.
  • the outlet 62 is connected to the cooling circuit between the outlet of the cooling radiator 3 and the inlet of the heating radiator 4, via the pump 5.
  • the first valve means 7 make it possible to close the outlet 62 of the tank 6.
  • a pump secondary 8 is disposed on the conduit connecting the outlet 62 to the cooling circuit, downstream of the first valve means 7. This secondary pump 8 can fill the adiabatic tank e 6 with the coolant circulating in the cooling circuit and optionally the heating radiator 4.
  • Second valve means 9 are arranged on the cooling circuit, downstream of the heating radiator 4 and downstream of the connection between the circuit The second valve means 9 make it possible to block the circulation of the coolant towards the cooling radiator 3 and to send the heat transfer fluid leaving the heating radiator 4 to the adiabatic tank 6 upstream.
  • the third valve means 10 (or secondary valve means) are disposed on the cooling circuit between the heating radiator 4 and the motor 1. These third valve means 10 allow short-circuiting of the cooling radiator. motor 1 and the electronic power circuit 2, during a cold start or reduce their flow.
  • the vehicle also includes a computer 11 which controls a temperature sensor 12.
  • This temperature sensor 12 measures the temperature of the coolant stored in the adiabatic tank 6.
  • the computer 11 also controls an external temperature sensor 13, which measures the external temperature.
  • the computer 11 also controls the main and secondary pumps 5 and 8 and the heating setpoint and / or demister 14, located in the passenger compartment.
  • the computer 11 also controls the first, second and third valve means 7, 9 and 10, from the information given to it by the temperature sensors 12 and 13 and the defogging / heating setpoint 14.
  • the operation of the invention will now be explained. When the vehicle is moving, the engine 1 operates and is cooled by the cooling circuit.
  • the computer 11 cuts the fan 15, the coolant circulates in the heating radiator 4, but the calories are not transferred to the cabin.
  • the coolant also circulates in the engine 1, the power electronic circuit 2 and the cooling radiator 3, only cooling the motor 1 and the power electronic circuit 2.
  • the external temperature sensor 13 and / or the engine temperature sensor (not shown in FIG. 1) detects (s) that the temperature outside the vehicle is greater than a given setpoint. If the user indicates that he wishes to heat the cabin, via the demister / heater setpoint 14, he manually starts the fan 15.
  • the computer 11 turns on the fan 15 (according to the information given by the sensors 12 and 13) and the heat transfer fluid passes through the heating radiator 4 to heat the passenger compartment.
  • the cooling circuit makes it possible both to heat the passenger compartment and to cool the engine 1 and the electronic power circuit 2.
  • the heat transfer fluid is hot.
  • the computer 11 opens the first, second and third valve means 7, 9 and 10 and actuates the secondary pump 8 to suck all or most of the coolant and inject it into the adiabatic reservoir 6.
  • the heat transfer fluid is thus stored in the adiabatic tank 6 which stores the calories it has stored.
  • the computer 11 more or less closes the second and third valve means 9 and 10 and opens more or less the first valve means 7.
  • the flow rates that flow in the different branches are based on the information transmitted to the computer 11 by the temperature sensors 12 and 13 and by temperature sensors, not shown, which measure the temperature of the motor 1 and the electronic power circuit 2.
  • the first valve means 7 are open, the heat transfer fluid flows from the adiabatic tank 6 in the heating radiator 4, thereby heating the air of the passenger compartment.
  • the computer 11 actuates the main pump 5 and the heat transfer fluid circulates between the adiabatic tank 6 and the heating radiator 4. The air of the passenger compartment is thus heated.
  • the computer 11 opens more or less second and third valve means 9 and 10.
  • the heat transfer fluid then circulates throughout the cooling circuit and allows the the heating of the cabin, by its circulation in the heating radiator 4, and the cooling of the engine 1 and the electronic power circuit 2, because of its circulation in the cooling radiator 3 and in the heating radiator 4 which also serves to evacuate the heat transported by the coolant.
  • the reservoir 6 is not short-circuited and the fluid continues to flow through it.
  • the adiabatic tank 6 then serves as a jar of degassing of the coolant.
  • the heat transfer fluid / air mixture enters the adiabatic tank 6, under the effect of the increase in volume (the reservoir having a diameter greater than that of the duct), the air separates from the fluid and remains in the adiabatic tank 6.
  • the computer 11 opens the first second and third valve means 7, 9 and 10.
  • the computer 11 actuates the main pump 5 which circulates the fluid.
  • the coolant circulates immediately in the engine 1 and the electronic power circuit 2, allowing their cooling.
  • the fluid also circulates in the reservoir 6 which serves, as previously explained, degassing jar.
  • the temperature of the coolant remains relatively low, of the order of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. Therefore, the adiabatic tank which serves as a degassing jar (expansion vessel) can be at atmospheric pressure.
  • the cooling circuit is therefore simple to implement.
  • the heat transfer fluid may be water added with antifreeze.
  • the motor 1 and the power electronic circuit 2 can also be thermally connected in series.

Abstract

The invention relates to an automobile that comprises an electric motor (1), a passenger compartment, an electronic power circuit (2), and a cooling circuit for said electronic power circuit (2), in which a coolant flows and which comprises: a heat exchanger (3) capable of discharging the calories carried by said coolant to the outside of said vehicle; and a heating radiator (4) provided upstream from said exchanger (3) and capable of transferring the calories carried by said coolant to the air in the passenger compartment. According to the invention, the cooling circuit includes an adiabatic tank (6) capable of storing at least a fraction of said coolant flowing in the cooling circuit.

Description

Véhicule automobile à moteur électrique comportant un circuit de refroidissement du circuit électronique de puissance connecté à un radiateur de chauffage de l'habitacle Motor vehicle with an electric motor comprising a cooling circuit of the electronic power circuit connected to a heating radiator of the passenger compartment
La présente invention concerne un véhicule automobile, équipé d'un moteur électrique, et qui comporte un circuit électronique de puissance, refroidi par un circuit de refroidissement dans lequel circule un fluide caloporteur. Ce circuit de refroidissement comporte un radiateur de chauffage de l'habitacle. Ce radiateur de chauffage de l'habitacle peut transférer les calories véhiculées par le fluide caloporteur du circuit de refroidissement, à l'air de l'habitacle du véhicule.The present invention relates to a motor vehicle, equipped with an electric motor, and which comprises an electronic power circuit, cooled by a cooling circuit in which circulates a coolant. This cooling circuit comprises a heating radiator of the passenger compartment. This heating radiator of the passenger compartment can transfer the calories carried by the heat transfer fluid of the cooling circuit, to the air of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
Le document FR 2 757 456 décrit un véhicule automobile qui comporte un moteur électrique et un circuit électronique de puissance, refroidi par un circuit de refroidissement dans lequel circule un fluide caloporteur. Ce circuit de refroidissement comporte un radiateur de chauffage qui peut transférer les calories du fluide caloporteur chaud à l'air de l'habitacle du véhicule. Pour renforcer le chauffage procuré par le seul fluide caloporteur du circuit de refroidissement, le document précité propose d'utiliser un radiateur de chauffage à deux nappes. Dans une de ces nappes circule le fluide caloporteur du circuit de refroidissement, tandis l'autre nappe fait partie d'un second circuit dans lequel circule un second fluide caloporteur qui peut être réchauffé par une résistance électrique branchée sur la batterie du véhicule.The document FR 2 757 456 describes a motor vehicle which comprises an electric motor and an electronic power circuit, cooled by a cooling circuit in which circulates a heat transfer fluid. This cooling circuit includes a heating radiator which can transfer the heat transfer heat of the heat transfer fluid to the air of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. To reinforce the heating provided by the coolant of the cooling circuit, the aforementioned document proposes to use a heating radiator with two layers. In one of these layers circulates the heat transfer fluid of the cooling circuit, while the other sheet is part of a second circuit in which circulates a second heat transfer fluid which can be heated by an electrical resistance connected to the vehicle battery.
Si le chauffage de l'habitacle du véhicule est amélioré par le dispositif préconisé par le document précité, le chauffage au démarrage du véhicule reste problématique. En effet, au démarrage, le fluide du circuit de refroidissement est froid et le chauffage doit donc utiliser uniquement la seconde nappe dont le fluide caloporteur est chauffé par une résistance qui puise son énergie électrique dans la batterie du véhicule. Or, par temps froid, la réaction chimique qui a lieu dans la batterie est fortement ralentie et la batterie ne peut pas toujours faire démarrer le véhicule et donc fournir de l'énergie à la résistance de chauffage précitée.If the heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle is improved by the device recommended by the aforementioned document, the start-up heating of the vehicle remains problematic. Indeed, at startup, the cooling circuit fluid is cold and heating must therefore use only the second sheet whose heat transfer fluid is heated by a resistor that draws its electrical energy into the vehicle battery. However, in cold weather, the chemical reaction taking place in the battery is greatly slowed down and the battery can not always start the vehicle and thus provide energy to the aforementioned heating resistor.
Le manque de chauffage de l'habitacle n'est pas qu'un problème de confort. Il peut s'avérer dangereux, du fait de la buée, recouvrant les vitres de l'habitacle, qui gêne fortement la conduite voire l'empêche totalement.The lack of heating in the cabin is not just a problem of comfort. It can be dangerous, due to fogging, covering the windows of the passenger compartment, which strongly hinders driving or even completely prevents it.
Un but de la présente invention est donc de proposer un véhicule automobile électrique qui présente un habitacle qui peut être facilement et rapidement chauffé, même au démarrage du véhicule.An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an electric motor vehicle that has a cabin that can be easily and quickly heated, even when starting the vehicle.
Dans le but de résoudre ce problème, la présente invention propose un véhicule automobile comportant un moteur électrique, un habitacle, un circuit électronique de puissance et un circuit de refroidissement dudit circuit électronique de puissance, dans lequel circule un fluide caloporteur et qui comporte :In order to solve this problem, the present invention proposes a motor vehicle comprising an electric motor, a passenger compartment, an electronic power circuit and a cooling circuit of said electronic power circuit, in which a coolant circulates and which comprises:
- un échangeur de chaleur apte à évacuer les calories transportées par ledit fluide caloporteur à l'extérieur dudit véhicule ; eta heat exchanger able to evacuate the calories transported by said heat transfer fluid outside said vehicle; and
- un radiateur de chauffage, disposé en amont dudit échangeur, apte à transférer les calories transportées par ledit fluide caloporteur à l'air dudit habitacle par l'intermédiaire d'un ventilateur.- A heating radiator disposed upstream of said heat exchanger, adapted to transfer the calories transported by said heat transfer fluid to the air of said passenger compartment via a fan.
Selon l'invention, ledit circuit de refroidissement comporte un réservoir adiabatique, apte à stocker au moins une fraction dudit fluide caloporteur circulant dans ledit circuit de refroidissement, moyennant quoi, en stockant au moins une fraction dudit fluide réchauffée pendant le fonctionnement dudit véhicule, il est possible, en introduisant ledit fluide chaud stocké dans ledit réservoir adiabatique, dans ledit radiateur de chauffage, de chauffer rapidement l'habitacle au démarrage dudit véhicule ou de désembuer les vitres.According to the invention, said cooling circuit comprises an adiabatic reservoir, able to store at least a fraction of said coolant circulating in said cooling circuit, whereby, by storing at least a fraction of said heated fluid during the operation of said vehicle, it it is possible, by introducing said hot fluid stored in said adiabatic tank, in said heating radiator, to rapidly heat the cabin when starting said vehicle or demist the windows.
La circulation du fluide chaud dans le circuit de refroidissement consomme peu d'énergie électrique et peut donc être mise en œuvre dès le démarrage du véhicule. Le circuit de refroidissement d'un véhicule à moteur électrique est plus simple que le circuit de refroidissement d'un véhicule à moteur thermique. Le circuit de refroidissement qui équipe le véhicule selon l'invention est donc simple à remplir et à purger.The circulation of the hot fluid in the cooling circuit consumes little electrical energy and can therefore be implemented from the start of the vehicle. The cooling circuit of an electric motor vehicle is simpler than the cooling circuit of a heat engine vehicle. The The cooling circuit that equips the vehicle according to the invention is therefore simple to fill and purge.
Par ailleurs, le réservoir adiabatique peut être facilement installé, notamment dans le compartiment moteur du véhicule. En effet, le compartiment moteur ne contient que le moteur, le circuit électronique de puissance et les organes de transmission. La ou les batteries, qui peuvent être volumineuses, sont, généralement, disposées hors compartiment moteur.In addition, the adiabatic tank can be easily installed, especially in the engine compartment of the vehicle. Indeed, the engine compartment contains only the engine, the electronic power circuit and the transmission members. The battery or batteries, which can be bulky, are generally arranged outside the engine compartment.
Avantageusement, ledit réservoir est disposé au-dessus dudit circuit de refroidissement de manière à ce que ledit fluide stocké s'écoule dans ledit circuit de refroidissement, sous l'effet de la gravité. De cette façon, il est possible de faire circuler le fluide chaud, dans le circuit de refroidissement, sans faire appel à la batterie.Advantageously, said reservoir is disposed above said cooling circuit so that said stored fluid flows in said cooling circuit, under the effect of gravity. In this way, it is possible to circulate the hot fluid in the cooling circuit without using the battery.
Dans un véhicule automobile fonctionnant à moteur électrique, les organes à refroidir se trouvent à un niveau plus bas que dans un véhicule à moteur thermique. Dans le cas d'un véhicule électrique, il est ainsi aisé de disposer, dans le compartiment moteur, par exemple, un réservoir adiabatique qui permet l'écoulement gravitaire du fluide caloporteur.In a motor vehicle operating with an electric motor, the bodies to be cooled are at a lower level than in a vehicle with a combustion engine. In the case of an electric vehicle, it is thus easy to have, in the engine compartment, for example, an adiabatic tank that allows the gravity flow of the heat transfer fluid.
Avantageusement, ledit réservoir adiabatique comporte une entrée reliée à la sortie dudit radiateur de chauffage et une sortie reliée à ladite entrée dudit radiateur de chauffage. Cet agencement permet de ne pas faire tout de suite circuler le fluide chaud dans l'échangeur de chaleur où il se refroidirait. La chaleur stockée dans le réservoir est ainsi utilisée au maximum pour chauffer l'habitacle.Advantageously, said adiabatic reservoir comprises an input connected to the output of said heating radiator and an output connected to said input of said heating radiator. This arrangement makes it possible not to immediately circulate the hot fluid in the heat exchanger where it would cool. The heat stored in the tank is thus used to the maximum to heat the cabin.
Selon un mode de réalisation, ledit circuit de refroidissement comporte une pompe secondaire, apte à transférer tout le volume dudit fluide caloporteur dans ledit réservoir adiabatique. Cette pompe permet de vider rapidement le circuit de refroidissement, lors de l'arrêt du véhicule. Le fluide chaud n'a pas le temps de se refroidir. Tout le volume du fluide étant stocké dans le réservoir, on stocke ainsi le maximum possible de chaleur. De plus, la vidange du circuit de refroidissement permet de ne pas augmenter le volume du fluide caloporteur circulant le circuit de refroidissement, ce qui permet de ne pas alourdir le véhicule. Avantageusement, le véhicule comporte des moyens formant vanne, disposés de manière permettre la coupure ou la réduction du débit dudit fluide vers ledit échangeur de chaleur. Ainsi, lors de l'arrêt du véhicule, il est possible d'isoler l'échangeur de chaleur. Lors du démarrage, le fluide chaud ne circulant pas dans l'échangeur, il évacue sa chaleur uniquement au niveau du radiateur de chauffage de l'habitacle et optimise ainsi le chauffage de l'habitacle.According to one embodiment, said cooling circuit comprises a secondary pump, able to transfer the entire volume of said coolant into said adiabatic tank. This pump makes it possible to quickly empty the cooling circuit when the vehicle is stopped. The hot fluid does not have time to cool. The entire volume of fluid being stored in the tank, thus stores the maximum possible heat. In addition, the emptying of the cooling circuit makes it possible not to increase the volume of the heat transfer fluid circulating the cooling circuit, which makes it possible not to weigh down the vehicle. Advantageously, the vehicle comprises valve means, arranged so as to cut or reduce the flow of said fluid to said heat exchanger. Thus, when stopping the vehicle, it is possible to isolate the heat exchanger. When starting, the hot fluid does not circulate in the heat exchanger, it discharges its heat only at the heating radiator of the passenger compartment and thus optimizes the heating of the passenger compartment.
Avantageusement, ledit circuit de refroidissement permet également le refroidissement dudit moteur. La présence d'un seul circuit de refroidissement permet de ne pas alourdir le véhicule. Dans ce cas, ledit circuit de refroidissement peut comporter des moyens formant vanne secondaires, disposés de manière à permettre la coupure de la circulation dudit fluide dans la portion dudit circuit servant au refroidissement dudit moteur. Ces moyens formant vanne secondaires permettent, soit de ne pas faire circuler le fluide chaud vers le moteur, soit de réduire leur débit au minimum nécessaire.Advantageously, said cooling circuit also makes it possible to cool said motor. The presence of a single cooling circuit makes it possible not to weigh down the vehicle. In this case, said cooling circuit may comprise secondary valve means, arranged to allow the interruption of the circulation of said fluid in the portion of said circuit for cooling said motor. These secondary valve means allow either to not circulate the hot fluid to the motor, or reduce their flow to the minimum necessary.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description, faite ci-après, d'un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, donné à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence au dessin annexé sur lequel : - la Figure unique représente schématiquement un mode de réalisation du circuit de refroidissement équipant le véhicule selon l'invention.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the following description of a particular embodiment of the invention, given as an indication but without limitation, with reference to the appended drawing in which: the single FIGURE schematically represents an embodiment of the cooling circuit fitted to the vehicle according to the invention.
La Figure 1 représente un exemple de circuit de refroidissement, avec ses annexes, équipant un véhicule selon l'invention. Les traits plein représentent les conduits dans lesquels circule le fluide caloporteur. Les traits en pointillés représentent les connexions électriques.Figure 1 shows an example of a cooling circuit, with its annexes, equipping a vehicle according to the invention. The solid lines represent the ducts in which the coolant circulates. The dashed lines represent the electrical connections.
Comme représenté sur la figure 1 , le véhicule selon l'invention comporte un moteur électrique 1 et un circuit électronique de puissance 2. Le moteur 1 est refroidi par un échangeur de chaleur (non représenté) qui peut être un simple serpentin, entourant le moteur, dans lequel circule un fluide caloporteur. II en est de même pour le circuit électronique de puissance 2. Les deux échangeurs de chaleur, situés respectivement au niveau du moteur 1 et du circuit électronique de puissance 2 sont raccordés, en parallèle l'un avec l'autre, par des conduits dans lesquels circule le même fluide caloporteur. Dans la suite de la description, par souci de simplification, pour les éléments qui ne sont pas eux-mêmes parcourus par le fluide caloporteur du circuit de refroidissement, mais qui sont simplement thermiquement connectés au circuit de refroidissement, par exemple, au moyen d'échangeurs de chaleur (c'est le cas du moteur 1 , du circuit électronique de puissance 2), on omettra d'indiquer la présence de tels échangeur de chaleur et l'on parlera directement de l'élément thermiquement connecté au circuit de refroidissement.As represented in FIG. 1, the vehicle according to the invention comprises an electric motor 1 and an electronic power circuit 2. The motor 1 is cooled by a heat exchanger (not shown) which may be a simple coil, surrounding the motor , in which circulates a coolant. The same applies to the power electronic circuit 2. The two heat exchangers, located respectively at the level of the motor 1 and the power electronic circuit 2, are connected, in parallel with one another, by conduits in which circulates the same coolant. In the remainder of the description, for the sake of simplification, for the elements which are not themselves traversed by the heat transfer fluid of the cooling circuit, but which are simply thermally connected to the cooling circuit, for example, by means of heat exchangers (this is the case of the engine 1, the power electronic circuit 2), it will be omitted to indicate the presence of such heat exchanger and we will speak directly of the element thermally connected to the cooling circuit.
Le moteur 1 et le circuit d'électronique de puissance 2, thermiquement connectés en parallèle, ainsi que le radiateur 3 et la pompe électrique 5, forment une boucle chaude. Cette boucle chaude permet de transférer les calories transportées par le fluide caloporteur, réchauffé au contact du moteurThe motor 1 and the power electronics circuit 2, thermally connected in parallel, as well as the radiator 3 and the electric pump 5, form a hot loop. This hot loop makes it possible to transfer the calories transported by the coolant, reheated in contact with the engine
1 et du circuit électronique de puissance 2, à l'air extérieur au véhicule. Le radiateur de refroidissement 3 est raccordé thermiquement en série avec le moteur 1 et le circuit électronique de puissance 2. La boucle chaude et le radiateur de refroidissement 3 forment le circuit de refroidissement du véhicule.1 and the power electronic circuit 2, the air outside the vehicle. The cooling radiator 3 is thermally connected in series with the engine 1 and the electronic power circuit 2. The hot loop and the cooling radiator 3 form the cooling circuit of the vehicle.
Comme représenté sur la figure 1 , un radiateur de chauffage 4 est thermiquement branché, en parallèle, avec le moteur 1 et le circuit d'électronique de puissance 2. Ce radiateur de chauffage 4 est disposé de manière à permettre au fluide caloporteur chaud, sortant de la boucle chaude, de céder les calories qu'il transporte, à l'air de l'habitacle du véhicule, par l'intermédiaire du ventilateur 15. Dans l'exemple représenté, le radiateur de refroidissement 3 est branché à la sortie de l'échangeur de refroidissement du moteur 1 et à l'entrée de la pompe 5 assurant la circulation du fluide dans le circuit de refroidissement et dans le radiateur de chauffage 4. Des moyens formant vanne (non représentés) permettent de court-circuiter le radiateur de refroidissement 3. Lorsque le radiateur de refroidissement 3 est court-circuité, le fluide circule alors soit entre le moteur 1 , le circuit électronique de puissanceAs shown in FIG. 1, a heating radiator 4 is thermally connected, in parallel, with the motor 1 and the power electronics circuit 2. This heating radiator 4 is arranged so as to allow the hot heat transfer fluid, exiting of the hot loop, to yield the calories it carries, to the air of the vehicle cabin, through the fan 15. In the example shown, the cooling radiator 3 is connected to the output of the cooling exchanger of the engine 1 and the inlet of the pump 5 ensuring the circulation of the fluid in the cooling circuit and in the heating radiator 4. Valve means (not shown) allow to bypass the radiator 3. When the cooling radiator 3 is short-circuited, the fluid then circulates between the engine 1, the electronic power circuit
2 et le radiateur de chauffage 4 et le réservoir adiabatique 6, ceci permet de ne pas refroidir le liquide de refroidissement, lors de démarrage à froid, soit le fluide circule principalement dans le radiateur de chauffage 4 et le débit est réduit à un minimum dans le moteur électrique 1 et l'électronique de puissance 2, pour ne pas que le fluide s'y échauffe et pour que le moteur 1 et l'électronique de puissance ne pénalisent pas le chauffage de l'habitacle. En référence à la figure 1 , le véhicule comporte un réservoir adiabatique 6 (un réservoir à double paroi, calorifuge, par exemple) qui est connecté au circuit de refroidissement, en aval du radiateur de chauffage 4 et en amont de l'entrée du radiateur de refroidissement 3. Ce réservoir adiabatique 6 comporte une entrée 61 , reliée au circuit de refroidissement, entre le radiateur de chauffage 4 et l'entrée du radiateur de refroidissement 3, et une sortie 62, équipée de premiers moyens formant vanne 7. La sortie 62 est reliée au circuit de refroidissement entre la sortie du radiateur de refroidissement 3 et l'entrée du radiateur de chauffage 4, en passant par la pompe 5. Les premiers moyens formant vanne 7 permettent de fermer la sortie 62 du réservoir 6. Une pompe secondaire 8 est disposée sur le conduit reliant la sortie 62 au circuit de refroidissement, en aval des premiers moyens formant vanne 7. Cette pompe secondaire 8 permet de remplir le réservoir adiabatique 6 avec le fluide caloporteur circulant dans le circuit de refroidissement et éventuellement le radiateur de chauffage 4. Des seconds moyens formant vanne 9 sont disposés sur le circuit de refroidissement, en aval du radiateur de chauffage 4 et en aval de la connexion entre le circuit de refroidissement et le réservoir adiabatique 6. Ces seconds moyens formant vanne 9 permettent de bloquer la circulation du fluide caloporteur vers le radiateur de refroidissement 3 et d'envoyer le fluide caloporteur sortant du radiateur de chauffage 4, dans le réservoir adiabatique 6, en amont du radiateur de refroidissement 3. Des troisièmes moyens formant vanne 10 (ou moyens formant vanne secondaires) sont disposés sur le circuit de refroidissement, entre le radiateur de chauffage 4 et le moteur 1. Ces troisièmes moyens formant vanne 10 permettent de court-circuiter le moteur 1 et le circuit électronique de puissance 2, lors d'un démarrage à froid ou de réduire leur débit.2 and the heating radiator 4 and the adiabatic tank 6, this makes it possible not to cool the coolant, during cold start, or the fluid circulates mainly in the heating radiator 4 and the flow is reduced to a minimum in the electric motor 1 and the power electronics 2, so that the fluid is heated and the engine 1 and the power electronics do not penalize the heating of the passenger compartment. With reference to FIG. 1, the vehicle comprises an adiabatic tank 6 (a double-wall tank, heat-insulated, for example) which is connected to the cooling circuit, downstream of the heating radiator 4 and upstream of the radiator inlet. 3. This adiabatic tank 6 comprises an inlet 61, connected to the cooling circuit, between the heating radiator 4 and the inlet of the cooling radiator 3, and an outlet 62, equipped with first valve means 7. The outlet 62 is connected to the cooling circuit between the outlet of the cooling radiator 3 and the inlet of the heating radiator 4, via the pump 5. The first valve means 7 make it possible to close the outlet 62 of the tank 6. A pump secondary 8 is disposed on the conduit connecting the outlet 62 to the cooling circuit, downstream of the first valve means 7. This secondary pump 8 can fill the adiabatic tank e 6 with the coolant circulating in the cooling circuit and optionally the heating radiator 4. Second valve means 9 are arranged on the cooling circuit, downstream of the heating radiator 4 and downstream of the connection between the circuit The second valve means 9 make it possible to block the circulation of the coolant towards the cooling radiator 3 and to send the heat transfer fluid leaving the heating radiator 4 to the adiabatic tank 6 upstream. The third valve means 10 (or secondary valve means) are disposed on the cooling circuit between the heating radiator 4 and the motor 1. These third valve means 10 allow short-circuiting of the cooling radiator. motor 1 and the electronic power circuit 2, during a cold start or reduce their flow.
Dans un véhicule fonctionnant avec un moteur électrique, il est facile d'insérer le réservoir 6 dans le compartiment moteur, au-dessus du moteur 1 et du circuit électronique de puissance 2, de manière à ce que le fluide contenu dans le réservoir s'écoule par gravité dans le circuit de refroidissement. Cet écoulement gravitaire permet d'éviter l'utilisation d'une pompe pour vider le réservoir et ne requiert aucune énergie électrique. Cette solution permet également de s'affranchir des problèmes d'amorçage de la pompe principale 5, notamment lorsque le véhicule est stationné en pente.In a vehicle operating with an electric motor, it is easy to insert the tank 6 in the engine compartment, above the engine 1 and the electronic power circuit 2, so that the fluid contained in the tank s' flows by gravity into the cooling circuit. This gravity flow avoids the use of a pump to empty the tank and requires no electrical energy. This solution allows also to overcome the priming problems of the main pump 5, especially when the vehicle is parked on a slope.
Comme représenté sur la figure 1 , le véhicule comporte également un calculateur 11 qui pilote un capteur de température 12. Ce capteur de température 12 mesure la température du fluide caloporteur stocké dans le réservoir adiabatique 6. Le calculateur 11 pilote également un capteur de température externe 13, qui mesure la température externe. Le calculateur 11 pilote aussi les pompes principale et secondaire 5 et 8 et la consigne de chauffage et/ou désembuage 14, située dans l'habitacle. Le calculateur 11 pilote également les premiers, seconds et troisièmes moyens formant vanne 7, 9 et 10, à partir des informations qui lui sont données par les capteurs de température 12 et 13 et la consigne de désembuage/chauffage 14. Le fonctionnement de l'invention va maintenant être expliqué. Lorsque le véhicule roule, le moteur 1 fonctionne et est refroidi par le circuit de refroidissement. Si l'utilisateur du véhicule indique, via la consigne de chauffage et/ou désembuage, qu'il ne veut pas chauffer l'habitacle, le calculateur 11 coupe le ventilateur 15, le fluide caloporteur circule dans le radiateur de chauffage 4, mais les calories ne sont pas cédées à l'habitacle. Le fluide caloporteur circule aussi dans le moteur 1 , le circuit électronique de puissance 2 et le radiateur de refroidissement 3, assurant uniquement le refroidissement du moteur 1 et du circuit électronique de puissance 2. Il en va de même lorsque le capteur de température externe 13 et/ou le capteur de température du moteur (non représenté sur la figure 1 ) détecte(nt) que la température externe au véhicule est supérieure à une consigne donnée. Si l'utilisateur indique qu'il désire chauffer l'habitacle, via la consigne de désembuage/chauffage 14, il met en marche manuellement le ventilateur 15. Si le capteur de température externe 13 détecte que la température ambiante est inférieure à une valeur de consigne donnée, le calculateur 11 met en marche le ventilateur 15 (en fonction des informations données par les capteurs 12 et 13) et le fluide caloporteur passe à travers le radiateur de chauffage 4 pour chauffer l'habitacle. Le circuit de refroidissement permet à la fois de chauffer l'habitacle et de refroidir le moteur 1 et le circuit électronique de puissance 2. Lorsque le véhicule s'arrête, le fluide caloporteur est chaud. Le calculateur 11 ouvre les premiers, seconds et troisième moyens formant vanne 7, 9 et 10 et actionne la pompe secondaire 8 pour aspirer tout ou la majeure partie du fluide caloporteur et l'injecter dans le réservoir adiabatique 6. Le fluide caloporteur chaud est ainsi stocké dans le réservoir adiabatique 6 ce qui permet de stocker les calories qu'il a emmagasiné.As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle also includes a computer 11 which controls a temperature sensor 12. This temperature sensor 12 measures the temperature of the coolant stored in the adiabatic tank 6. The computer 11 also controls an external temperature sensor 13, which measures the external temperature. The computer 11 also controls the main and secondary pumps 5 and 8 and the heating setpoint and / or demister 14, located in the passenger compartment. The computer 11 also controls the first, second and third valve means 7, 9 and 10, from the information given to it by the temperature sensors 12 and 13 and the defogging / heating setpoint 14. The operation of the invention will now be explained. When the vehicle is moving, the engine 1 operates and is cooled by the cooling circuit. If the user of the vehicle indicates, via the heating and / or defogging instruction, that he does not want to heat the passenger compartment, the computer 11 cuts the fan 15, the coolant circulates in the heating radiator 4, but the calories are not transferred to the cabin. The coolant also circulates in the engine 1, the power electronic circuit 2 and the cooling radiator 3, only cooling the motor 1 and the power electronic circuit 2. The same applies when the external temperature sensor 13 and / or the engine temperature sensor (not shown in FIG. 1) detects (s) that the temperature outside the vehicle is greater than a given setpoint. If the user indicates that he wishes to heat the cabin, via the demister / heater setpoint 14, he manually starts the fan 15. If the external temperature sensor 13 detects that the ambient temperature is below a value of given instruction, the computer 11 turns on the fan 15 (according to the information given by the sensors 12 and 13) and the heat transfer fluid passes through the heating radiator 4 to heat the passenger compartment. The cooling circuit makes it possible both to heat the passenger compartment and to cool the engine 1 and the electronic power circuit 2. When the vehicle stops, the heat transfer fluid is hot. The computer 11 opens the first, second and third valve means 7, 9 and 10 and actuates the secondary pump 8 to suck all or most of the coolant and inject it into the adiabatic reservoir 6. The heat transfer fluid is thus stored in the adiabatic tank 6 which stores the calories it has stored.
Lors du démarrage suivant, lorsque l'utilisateur réclame le chauffage et/ou le désembuage (via la consigne de chauffage/désembuage 14 ou la mise en marche du ventilateur 15 par le conducteur) ou que le capteur de température ambiante 13 détecte que la température externe est inférieure à la valeur consigne donnée, le calculateur 11 ferme plus ou moins les seconds et troisième moyens formant vanne 9 et 10 et ouvre plus ou moins les premiers moyens formant vanne 7. Les débits qui circulent dans les différentes branches sont fonction des informations transmises au calculateur 11 par les capteurs de température 12 et 13 et par des capteurs de température, non représentés, qui mesurent la température du moteur 1 et du circuit électronique de puissance 2. Lorsque les premiers moyens formant vanne 7 sont ouverts, le fluide caloporteur s'écoule du réservoir adiabatique 6 dans le radiateur de chauffage 4, réchauffant ainsi l'air de l'habitacle. Le calculateur 11 actionne la pompe principale 5 et le fluide caloporteur chaud circule entre le réservoir adiabatique 6 et le radiateur de chauffage 4. L'air de l'habitacle est ainsi chauffé.At the next start, when the user requests the heating and / or defogging (via the heating / demisting setpoint 14 or the fan 15 is switched on by the driver) or the ambient temperature sensor 13 detects that the temperature external is less than the set value given, the computer 11 more or less closes the second and third valve means 9 and 10 and opens more or less the first valve means 7. The flow rates that flow in the different branches are based on the information transmitted to the computer 11 by the temperature sensors 12 and 13 and by temperature sensors, not shown, which measure the temperature of the motor 1 and the electronic power circuit 2. When the first valve means 7 are open, the heat transfer fluid flows from the adiabatic tank 6 in the heating radiator 4, thereby heating the air of the passenger compartment. The computer 11 actuates the main pump 5 and the heat transfer fluid circulates between the adiabatic tank 6 and the heating radiator 4. The air of the passenger compartment is thus heated.
Lorsque le circuit électronique de puissance 2 et/ou le moteur 1 s'échauffe, le calculateur 11 ouvre plus ou moins les seconds et troisièmes moyens formant vanne 9 et 10. Le fluide caloporteur circule alors dans tout le circuit de refroidissement et permet à la fois le chauffage de l'habitacle, de par sa circulation dans le radiateur de chauffage 4, et le refroidissement du moteur 1 et du circuit électronique de puissance 2, du fait de sa circulation dans le radiateur de refroidissement 3 et dans le radiateur de chauffage 4 qui sert aussi à l'évacuation de la chaleur transportée par le fluide caloporteur. Le réservoir 6 n'est pas court-circuité et le fluide continue à le traverser. Le réservoir adiabatique 6 sert alors de bocal de dégazage du fluide caloporteur. Le mélange fluide caloporteur/air entre dans le réservoir adiabatique 6, sous l'effet de l'augmentation de volume (le réservoir ayant un diamètre supérieur à celui du conduit), l'air se sépare du fluide et reste dans le réservoir adiabatique 6.When the electronic power circuit 2 and / or the motor 1 heats up, the computer 11 opens more or less second and third valve means 9 and 10. The heat transfer fluid then circulates throughout the cooling circuit and allows the the heating of the cabin, by its circulation in the heating radiator 4, and the cooling of the engine 1 and the electronic power circuit 2, because of its circulation in the cooling radiator 3 and in the heating radiator 4 which also serves to evacuate the heat transported by the coolant. The reservoir 6 is not short-circuited and the fluid continues to flow through it. The adiabatic tank 6 then serves as a jar of degassing of the coolant. The heat transfer fluid / air mixture enters the adiabatic tank 6, under the effect of the increase in volume (the reservoir having a diameter greater than that of the duct), the air separates from the fluid and remains in the adiabatic tank 6.
Lors d'un démarrage sans nécessitée de chauffage et/ou désembuage, le calculateur 11 ouvre les premiers seconds et troisièmes moyens formant vanne 7, 9 et 10. Lorsque le circuit de refroidissement est rempli par le fluide caloporteur s'écoulant du réservoir adiabatique 6, le calculateur 11 actionne la pompe principale 5 qui met le fluide en circulation. Le fluide caloporteur circule de suite dans le moteur 1 et le circuit électronique de puissance 2, permettant leur refroidissement. Le fluide circule également dans le réservoir 6 qui sert, comme précédemment expliqué, de bocal de dégazage.During a start without the need for heating and / or demisting, the computer 11 opens the first second and third valve means 7, 9 and 10. When the cooling circuit is filled by the heat transfer fluid flowing from the adiabatic reservoir 6 the computer 11 actuates the main pump 5 which circulates the fluid. The coolant circulates immediately in the engine 1 and the electronic power circuit 2, allowing their cooling. The fluid also circulates in the reservoir 6 which serves, as previously explained, degassing jar.
Dans un véhicule à moteur électrique, la température du fluide caloporteur reste relativement faible, de l'ordre de 500C à 600C. De ce fait, le réservoir adiabatique qui sert de bocal de dégazage (vase d'expansion) peut être à la pression atmosphérique. Le circuit de refroidissement est donc simple à mettre en œuvre.In a vehicle with an electric motor, the temperature of the coolant remains relatively low, of the order of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. Therefore, the adiabatic tank which serves as a degassing jar (expansion vessel) can be at atmospheric pressure. The cooling circuit is therefore simple to implement.
Le fluide caloporteur peut être de l'eau additionnée d'un antigel.The heat transfer fluid may be water added with antifreeze.
Le moteur 1 et le circuit électronique de puissance 2 peuvent également être thermiquement connectés en série. The motor 1 and the power electronic circuit 2 can also be thermally connected in series.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Véhicule automobile comportant un moteur électrique (1 ), un habitacle, un circuit électronique de puissance (2) et un circuit de refroidissement dudit circuit électronique de puissance (2), dans lequel circule un fluide caloporteur et qui comporte :Motor vehicle comprising an electric motor (1), a passenger compartment, an electronic power circuit (2) and a cooling circuit of said electronic power circuit (2), in which a heat transfer fluid circulates and which comprises:
- un échangeur de chaleur (3) apte à évacuer les calories transportées par ledit fluide caloporteur à l'extérieur dudit véhicule ; et - un radiateur de chauffage (4), disposé en amont dudit échangeur (3), apte à transférer les calories transportées par ledit fluide caloporteur, à l'air dudit habitacle, par l'intermédiaire d'un ventilateur (15) ; caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit de refroidissement comporte un réservoir adiabatique (6), apte à stocker au moins une fraction dudit fluide caloporteur circulant dans ledit circuit de refroidissement, moyennant quoi en stockant au moins une fraction dudit fluide réchauffé pendant le fonctionnement dudit véhicule, il est possible, en introduisant ledit fluide chaud stocké dans ledit réservoir adiabatique, dans ledit radiateur de chauffage, de chauffer rapidement l'habitacle au démarrage dudit véhicule. - A heat exchanger (3) adapted to evacuate the calories transported by said heat transfer fluid outside said vehicle; and - a heating radiator (4) disposed upstream of said heat exchanger (3), able to transfer the calories transported by said heat transfer fluid, to the air of said passenger compartment, by means of a fan (15); characterized in that said cooling circuit comprises an adiabatic reservoir (6), able to store at least a fraction of said coolant circulating in said cooling circuit, wherebyby storing at least a fraction of said heated fluid during operation of said vehicle, it is possible, by introducing said hot fluid stored in said adiabatic tank, in said heating radiator, to rapidly heat the cabin when said vehicle is started.
2. Véhicule automobile selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit réservoir (6) est disposé au-dessus dudit circuit de refroidissement de manière à ce que ledit fluide stocké s'écoule dans ledit circuit de refroidissement, sous l'effet de la gravité.2. A motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that said reservoir (6) is disposed above said cooling circuit so that said stored fluid flows in said cooling circuit, under the effect of the gravity.
3. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit réservoir adiabatique (6) comporte une entrée (61 ), reliée à la sortie dudit radiateur de chauffage (4) et une sortie (62), reliée à ladite entrée dudit radiateur de chauffage (4).3. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said adiabatic reservoir (6) comprises an inlet (61), connected to the output of said heating radiator (4) and an outlet (62), connected to said inlet of said heating radiator (4).
4. Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit de refroidissement comporte une pompe secondaire (8) apte à transférer tout ledit fluide caloporteur dans ledit réservoir adiabatique (6). 4. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cooling circuit comprises a secondary pump (8) capable of transferring all said coolant into said adiabatic reservoir (6).
5. Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens formant vanne (7), disposés de manière permettre de couper la circulation dudit fluide vers ledit échangeur.5. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises valve means (7), arranged so as to cut the flow of said fluid to said exchanger.
6. Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit de refroidissement permet également le refroidissement dudit moteur (1 ).6. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cooling circuit also allows the cooling of said engine (1).
7. Véhicule selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit de refroidissement comporte des moyens formant vanne complémentaires (10), disposés de manière à permettre la coupure ou la réduction du débit dudit fluide dans la portion dudit circuit de refroidissement servant au refroidissement dudit moteur (1 ). 7. Vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that said cooling circuit comprises complementary valve means (10) arranged to allow the cutting or reduction of the flow of said fluid in the portion of said cooling circuit for cooling said engine (1).
EP09752435A 2008-10-14 2009-09-30 Automobile with electric motor comprising a cooling circuit for the electronic power circuit connected to a heating radiator of the passenger compartment Withdrawn EP2334504A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0805687A FR2936980B1 (en) 2008-10-14 2008-10-14 MOTOR VEHICLE WITH ELECTRIC MOTOR COMPRISING A COOLING CIRCUIT OF THE ELECTRONIC POWER CIRCUIT CONNECTED TO A HEATING RADIATOR OF THE HABITACLE
PCT/FR2009/051862 WO2010043795A1 (en) 2008-10-14 2009-09-30 Automobile with electric motor comprising a cooling circuit for the electronic power circuit connected to a heating radiator of the passenger compartment

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EP2334504A1 true EP2334504A1 (en) 2011-06-22

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US (1) US8613305B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2334504A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2012505105A (en)
KR (1) KR20110069874A (en)
CN (1) CN102186686A (en)
FR (1) FR2936980B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2010043795A1 (en)

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US8613305B2 (en) 2013-12-24
KR20110069874A (en) 2011-06-23
CN102186686A (en) 2011-09-14
FR2936980B1 (en) 2012-11-16
FR2936980A1 (en) 2010-04-16
JP2012505105A (en) 2012-03-01
WO2010043795A1 (en) 2010-04-22
US20110247783A1 (en) 2011-10-13

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