WO2009115018A1 - 电能回馈装置 - Google Patents

电能回馈装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009115018A1
WO2009115018A1 PCT/CN2009/070758 CN2009070758W WO2009115018A1 WO 2009115018 A1 WO2009115018 A1 WO 2009115018A1 CN 2009070758 W CN2009070758 W CN 2009070758W WO 2009115018 A1 WO2009115018 A1 WO 2009115018A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
power
bridge circuit
feedback device
power conversion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/070758
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张东胜
Original Assignee
新能动力（北京）电气科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 新能动力（北京）电气科技有限公司 filed Critical 新能动力（北京）电气科技有限公司
Priority to MX2010010240A priority Critical patent/MX2010010240A/es
Priority to JP2011500032A priority patent/JP2011514798A/ja
Priority to US12/596,874 priority patent/US8599584B2/en
Priority to AU2009226528A priority patent/AU2009226528B2/en
Priority to EP20090722444 priority patent/EP2256915B1/en
Priority to BRPI0911794A priority patent/BRPI0911794A2/pt
Priority to CA2718941A priority patent/CA2718941C/en
Publication of WO2009115018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009115018A1/zh
Priority to ZA2010/06139A priority patent/ZA201006139B/en
Priority to EG2010091559A priority patent/EG25691A/xx

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P13/06—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4505—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/04—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 having two or more secondary windings, each supplying a separate load, e.g. for radio set power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to power electronics technology, and in particular to a power feedback device.
  • renewable energy such as wind power, solar power, and tidal power
  • the common characteristics of these new energy power generation systems are the dispersion of power generation equipment, small single-unit capacity, wide distribution area, unstable output voltage and current, and how to efficiently and reliably and reliably return the energy generated by these renewable energy power generation equipment to the power grid.
  • the conversion of electric energy generated by power generation equipment into three-phase electricity for industrial and civil use is an urgent problem to be solved in China and the world.
  • a wind power electric energy feedback device of the prior art uses an AC excitation wire wound rotor double-fed motor variable speed constant frequency wind power generation system, and the system uses a rotor side power converter to adjust the AC excitation current of the doubly fed motor.
  • the generator stator windings emit electricity and directly feed back into the grid. Due to the characteristics of the doubly-fed generator system, a power converter with low voltage and four-quadrant operation is generally required, such as an AC-DC-AC two-level inverter capable of four-quadrant operation, and Figure 1 is a four-quadrant operation of the prior art.
  • the schematic diagram of the AC-DC-AC two-level inverter as shown in Figure 1, the inverter only processes the slip power.
  • the general rated power is about one-third of the generator capacity, and it also belongs to the low-voltage variable.
  • the current cost and volume of the converter are greatly reduced, but the problem with this solution is that the generator is wound with a wire wound rotor and AC excitation through the slip ring increases the volume and cost of the generator due to slippage.
  • the use of the ring results in a high generator failure rate and high maintenance costs.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art permanent magnet generator variable-speed constant-frequency wind power generation system.
  • 3 is a schematic diagram of another permanent magnet generator variable speed constant frequency wind power generation system according to the prior art. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the solution solves the problem of reliability of the generator in the above solution, and the whole system operates.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional variable speed constant frequency wind power generation system using a current type current converter. As shown in FIG. 4, the system uses a semi-controllable power semiconductor device thyristor, which is low in cost, but Harmonic pollution on the grid side is serious, power factor is low, and additional harmonic control equipment is needed to increase the total cost. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a power feedback device to solve the defects of serious harmonic pollution and low power factor in the prior art, to improve the waveform coefficient of the current of the power generation device, to improve the power factor and the utilization rate of the device, and to reduce the harmonic content. And it has the advantages of low cost, high reliability and high conversion efficiency.
  • the invention provides a power feedback device, comprising:
  • An AC input power source wherein the AC input power source is a three-phase or multi-phase AC power, or a three-phase or multi-phase AC power of an output series inductor, for generating electrical energy;
  • the input ends of the plurality of power conversion units are respectively connected to two phases of the AC input power source, and are respectively configured to perform power conversion on the two-phase AC power generated by the AC input power source;
  • An isolation transformer the primary side of the isolation transformer is a three-phase winding, and is connected to a power grid, and the secondary side of the isolation transformer is a multi-channel three-phase winding, and is connected to an output end of the plurality of power conversion units, The alternating current converted by the plurality of power conversion units is fed back to the power grid.
  • the power conversion unit may include:
  • a rectifier circuit for converting single-phase alternating current of the alternating current input power source into direct current; a three-phase full-controlled bridge circuit of a thyristor or a three-phase full-control bridge circuit of a plurality of input terminals connected in series a thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuit or a plurality of input-side thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuit string input terminals connected to an output end of the rectifier circuit for outputting the rectifier circuit
  • the direct current is converted to alternating current.
  • the power conversion unit may further include: an inductor, the inductor is disposed between the rectifier circuit and the thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuit or a plurality of thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuit strings connected in series And filtering and limiting current of the direct current output by the rectifier circuit.
  • the rectifier circuit may be a diode rectifier bridge circuit or a thyristor rectifier bridge circuit.
  • the power feedback device may further include: at least one PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit, wherein the PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit is composed of a filter capacitor and a turn-off semiconductor device, and the PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit
  • the output terminal is connected in series with the three-phase winding of the secondary side of the isolation transformer, or connected to the output end of the power conversion unit, or connected to the output end of the power conversion unit through an isolation capacitor, or by isolation
  • the capacitor is connected to the three-phase winding of the secondary side of the isolation transformer for compensating the primary side power factor and harmonics of the isolation transformer.
  • the turn-off semiconductor device can be other devices such as IGBT or IGCT.
  • the isolation transformer in the power feedback device may also be a split transformer in which the primary winding is connected in parallel with a plurality of three-phase windings, or a phase shift transformer in which the secondary winding is phase-wound.
  • the power feedback device separately performs power conversion on any two-phase alternating current of three-phase or multi-phase alternating current generated by the power generating device, thereby improving the waveform coefficient of the current of the power generating device, and improving the power factor and the utilization rate of the device.
  • the multi-winding of the secondary side of the isolation transformer enables the device to be matched with the grid of different voltage levels, which can improve the waveform coefficient of the feedback grid current, reduce the harmonic content, has high conversion efficiency, reliable operation, long service life, easy to promote, easy to The advantages of maintenance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art four-quadrant AC-DC-AC two-level inverter
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art permanent magnet generator variable-speed constant-frequency wind power generation system
  • 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art variable speed constant frequency wind power generation system using a current type current converter
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment provided by the power feedback device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase AC power supply according to an embodiment of the power feedback device of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase AC power supply according to an embodiment of the power feedback device of the present invention
  • Embodiments A plurality of power conversion units are connected in parallel to a two-phase AC power schematic;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment provided by the power feedback device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a diode rectifier bridge provided by a power feedback device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a thyristor rectifier bridge provided by the power feedback device of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is an output of an embodiment provided by the power feedback device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase full-control bridge circuit of a thyristor according to an embodiment of the power feedback device of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between a PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit and a power conversion unit according to an embodiment of the power feedback device of the present invention
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit connected by a power isolation device and a power conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of a PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit of an IGBT for use in an embodiment of the power feedback device of the present invention
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the power feedback device of the present invention using an isolated voltage transformer of a split phase shift winding method. detailed description
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the power feedback device of the present invention.
  • the power feedback device includes: an AC input power source 11, a plurality of power conversion units 12, and an isolation transformer.
  • the AC input power source 11 is a three-phase or multi-phase AC power, or a three-phase or multi-phase AC power of the series-connected inductor at the output end for generating electric energy; the input ends of the plurality of power conversion units 12 and the AC input power source 11 respectively
  • the two-phase connection is used for power conversion of the two-phase alternating current generated by the alternating current input power source 11;
  • the primary side of the isolating transformer 13 is a three-phase winding, which is connected to the power grid, and the secondary side of the isolating transformer 13 is a multi-channel three-phase winding. It is connected to the output of the plurality of power conversion units 12 for feeding back the alternating current converted by the plurality of power conversion units 12 to the power grid.
  • the AC input power source 11 may be a power generation device of a renewable energy source such as a wind power generation device, a solar power generation device, or a tidal power generation device.
  • the AC input power source 11 may generate three-phase alternating current, six-phase alternating current, or the like due to different devices that generate alternating current.
  • Multiphase AC power correspondingly, the number of power conversion units 12 also varies with the number of phases of the AC input power source 11. The following is a description of the three-phase AC power.
  • FIG. 6 is an embodiment of the power feedback device of the present invention. Schematic diagram of three-phase AC power supply 1.
  • the inductors can be respectively connected in series at the respective output ends of the three-phase AC power supply, as shown in Fig. 7, which is provided by the power feedback device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 which is provided by the power feedback device of the present invention.
  • the three power conversion units 12 are respectively connected to any two phases of the three-phase AC input power source 11, specifically, the AB phase, the BC phase and the AC phase in the three-phase AC input power source 11 are respectively connected to one power conversion unit 12
  • the input end of the power conversion unit 12 is respectively connected to a three-phase winding of the secondary side of the isolation transformer 13, and the power conversion unit 12 can perform rectification and filtering on any two-phase alternating current of the AC input power source 11 first, and then The rectified and filtered DC power is converted into an alternating current to realize the power conversion of any two-phase alternating current of the alternating current input unit 11, but is not limited thereto, thereby converting the alternating current input power source 11 through the smaller capacity power conversion unit 12.
  • the output power is increased, and the three-phase or multi-phase alternating current converted by the plurality of power conversion units 12 is coupled to the primary side through the multi-phase three-phase winding of the secondary side of the isolating transformer 13, and finally through the primary three-phase winding and the power grid.
  • the connecting line feeds three-phase or multi-phase AC power to the grid.
  • any two phases of the AC input power source 11 can be connected to two or more power conversion units 12 connected in parallel, and the number of parallel power conversion units 12 depends on the capacity of the AC input power source 11, when the capacity When larger, multiple power conversion units 12 can be used.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of power conversion units connected in parallel to a two-phase alternating current according to an embodiment of the power feedback device of the present invention.
  • the power feedback device separately performs power conversion on any two-phase alternating current of three-phase or multi-phase alternating current generated by the power generating device, thereby improving the waveform coefficient of the current of the power generating device, and improving the power factor and the utilization rate of the device.
  • Multiple windings on the secondary side of the isolation transformer allow the unit to be matched to grids of different voltage levels, improving the waveform coefficients and power factor of the feedback grid current.
  • the power feedback device includes: an AC input power source 11, a plurality of power conversion units 12, and an isolation transformer 13; the device may further include : At least one pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation; hereinafter referred to as PWM) three-phase inverter bridge circuit 14, the PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit 14 is composed of a filter capacitor and a turn-off semiconductor device, and the output terminal is connected in series with the inductor Connected to the three-phase winding of the secondary side of the isolation transformer 13, or to the output of the power conversion unit 12, or to the output of the power conversion unit 12 via an isolation capacitor, or through the isolation capacitor and the secondary side of the isolation transformer 13 The three-phase winding connection is used to compensate the primary side current power factor and harmonics of the isolation transformer 13.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the power conversion unit 12 may include: a rectifier circuit and a thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuit or a plurality of thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuit strings connected in series; the rectifier circuit is used for inputting the AC input power source 1 Single-phase alternating current is converted into direct current; thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuit or multiple input terminals are connected in series with the input end of the three-phase full-control bridge circuit string connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit for outputting the rectifier circuit DC power is converted to AC power.
  • the power conversion unit 12 may further include: an inductor, the inductor is disposed between the rectifier circuit and the thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuit or the thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuit string connected in series at the input end, and is used for the rectifier circuit
  • the output DC power is filtered and current limited.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a diode rectifier bridge provided by the power feedback device of the present invention.
  • the rectifier circuit can also ⁇ Thyristor rectifier bridge circuit, as shown in Figure 11.
  • 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment thyristor rectifier bridge provided by the power feedback device of the present invention, and the thyristor rectifier circuit can be used for voltage regulation, thereby realizing controllability of the circuit.
  • the inductor can be connected to the output of the rectifier circuit to filter and limit the DC output of the rectifier circuit.
  • the rectifier circuit is a thyristor rectifier bridge circuit, as shown in Figure 12, Figure 12 is The schematic diagram of the thyristor rectifier bridge of the series connected inductor at the output end of the embodiment of the invention is provided.
  • 13 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase full-control bridge circuit of a thyristor according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, a three-phase full-controlled bridge circuit of a thyristor is connected in series by six thyristors to form three The bridge arm connects the three bridge arms in parallel to form a three-phase full-control bridge circuit, which converts the inductively filtered direct current into alternating current. It is also possible to use a plurality of thyristor three-phase full-control bridge circuits of different stages to be connected in series to suit power generation equipment of different voltage levels and to improve the feedback power factor.
  • the power feedback device can also add at least one PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit 14 for compensating the primary side current power factor and harmonics of the isolation transformer 13.
  • the PWM three-phase inverter bridge 14 circuit can be connected by using a filter capacitor and a turn-off semiconductor device.
  • the DC side of the PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit 14 is connected with a filter capacitor, and the three-phase terminals of the AC side are respectively connected to three.
  • the output inductor for filtering and current limiting is then connected to a three-phase winding of the secondary side of the isolation transformer 13, or may be connected to the three-phase winding of the secondary side of the isolation transformer 13 through an isolation capacitor.
  • the PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit 14 of the plurality of output terminals can also be connected to the output ends of the plurality of power conversion units 12 respectively.
  • FIG. 14 is an implementation of the power feedback device of the present invention.
  • the PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit and the power conversion unit connection schematic diagram can also be connected to the output end of the power conversion unit 12 through the isolation capacitor at the output end of the PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit 14, respectively, see FIG. 15, FIG.
  • the PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit of the embodiment provided by the power feedback device of the present invention is connected to the power conversion unit through an isolation capacitor.
  • the switchable semiconductor device in the PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit 14 can use an insulated gate bipolar transistor (hereinafter referred to as IGBT) or an integrated gate commutated thyristor (Intergrated Gate Commutated Thyristors; Abbreviation: IGCT) IGCT, It can also be other turn-off semiconductor devices.
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • IGCT integrated gate commutated Thyristor
  • IGCT Intergrated Gate Commutated Thyristors
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a PWM three-phase inverter bridge circuit of an IGBT for use in an embodiment of the power feedback device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 16, the circuit is connected in series with six IGBTs to form three bridge arms. Then, the three bridge arms are connected in parallel, and the positive and negative ends of the DC side are connected in parallel to the filter capacitor, and the AC side current is controlled by controlling the on and off of the six IGBTs.
  • the isolation transformer 13 in the power feedback device may be a split transformer in which the primary winding is a plurality of three-phase windings connected in parallel so that the secondary winding short-circuit impedance distribution is symmetric.
  • the isolating transformer 13 can also be a phase shifting transformer with a secondary winding and a phase shifting method.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an isolation transformer provided by the power feedback device of the present invention using a split phase shift winding method.
  • the isolation transformer 13 includes a plurality of parallel primary windings and multiple secondary windings.
  • the extended triangle winding method or the zigzag phase shifting method can be used, and different secondary windings can be designed with different phase shifting angles.
  • the use of a split phase shift transformer can increase the current waveform coefficient fed back into the grid and reduce harmonics.
  • the power feedback device separately performs power conversion on any two-phase alternating current of three-phase or multi-phase alternating current generated by the power generating device, improves the waveform coefficient of the current of the power generating device, improves the power factor and the utilization rate of the device, and uses the thyristor As the main switching device of the power conversion unit, the cost is low and the reliability is high.
  • the three-phase full-control bridge circuit of different levels of thyristors can be connected in series, which can be applied to different levels of power generation equipment, improve the feedback power factor, and isolate the secondary side of the transformer.
  • Multiple windings enable the device to be matched to grids of different voltage levels, which can increase the waveform coefficient and power factor of the feedback grid current, deliver reactive power to the grid, and have high sinusoidal current at the output of the generator and current on the grid side. High efficiency, reliable operation, long life and easy to promote and easy to maintain.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Description

电能回馈装置
本申请要求于 2008 年 03 月 18 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200810084692.7、 发明名称为"一种电能回馈装置"的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及电力电子技术， 特别涉及一种电能回馈装置。
背景技术
风力发电、 太阳能发电、 潮汐发电等可再生能源的发电利用越来越受到 人们的关注。 这些新能源发电系统的普遍特点是发电设备分散、单机容量小、 分布面积广、 输出电压电流不稳定， 如何将这些可再生能源发电设备产生的 电能高效、 可靠、 低成本地回馈至电网， 使发电设备产生的电能转变为可供 工业、 民用直接使用的三相电， 是目前我国及世界范围内急需解决的问题。
现有技术的一种风力发电电能回馈设备釆用交流励磁线绕式转子双馈电 机变速恒频风力发电系统， 该系统中釆用位于转子侧功率变流器， 调节双馈 电机的交流励磁电流， 使发电机定子绕组发出电能， 并直接回馈入电网。 由 于双馈发电机系统的特点，一般需要低压并且能够四象限运行的功率变流器， 如可四象限运行的交-直 -交两电平变频器，图 1为现有技术可四象限运行的交 -直-交两电平变频器的原理图， 如图 1所示， 该方案变频器仅处理转差功 率， 一般额定功率为发电机容量的三分之一左右， 并且也属于低压变流器， 因此变流器的成本、 体积大大降低， 但该方案所存在的问题是， 由于发电机 釆用线绕式转子， 并通过滑环交流励磁， 使发电机体积及成本增加， 由于滑 环的使用， 致使发电机故障率高， 维护费用高。
现有技术的另一种风力发电电能回馈设备釆用永磁发电机变速恒频风力 发电系统。 该方案中， 风机叶轮带动永磁发电机旋转， 发出的电能经过功率 变流器的变频调制后， 变为与电网匹配的三相交流电， 并回馈入电网， 实现 变速恒频发电， 图 2为现有技术一种永磁发电机变速恒频风力发电系统的原 理图， 图 3为现有技术另一种永磁发电机变速恒频风力发电系统的原理图， 如图 2、 图 3所示， 该方案解决了上述方案中发电机可靠性的问题， 整个系 统运行故障率低， 但由于该方案中变流器功率与发电机功率相同， 并需要使 用大量的电解电容器， 因此变流器成本^艮高， 变流设备体积大。 图 4为现有 技术釆用电流型变流器的变速恒频风力发电系统的原理图， 如图 4所示， 该 系统使用了半可控功率半导体器件晶闸管， 该方式虽然成本较低， 但网侧谐 波污染严重， 功率因数低， 还需要额外增加谐波治理设备， 使总造价提高。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种电能回馈装置， 以解决现有技术谐波污染严重、 功率因数低的缺陷， 实现改善发电设备电流的波形系数， 提高功率因数和设 备利用率， 降低谐波含量， 并且具有成本低、 可靠性高、 转换效率高的优点。
本发明提供了一种电能回馈装置， 包括：
交流输入电源， 所述交流输入电源为三相或多相交流电， 或者是输出端 串联电感的三相或多相交流电， 用于产生电能；
多个功率变换单元， 所述多个功率变换单元的输入端分别与所述交流输 入电源的两相连接， 用于分别对所述交流输入电源产生的两相交流电进行功 率变换；
隔离变压器， 所述隔离变压器原边为三相绕组， 与电网连接， 所述隔离 变压器副边为多路三相绕组， 与所述多个功率变换单元的输出端连接， 用于 将经过所述多个功率变换单元变换的交流电回馈至所述电网。
其中， 功率变换单元可以包括：
整流电路， 用于将所述交流输入电源的单相交流电转换为直流电； 晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或多个输入端串接的晶闸管三相全控桥式电路 串， 所述晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或多个输入端串接的晶闸管三相全控桥 式电路串的输入端与所述整流电路的输出端连接， 用于将所述整流电路输 出的直流电转换为交流电。
所述功率变换单元还可以包括： 电感， 所述电感设置于所述整流电路 及所述晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或多个输入端串接的晶闸管三相全控桥 式电路串之间， 用于对所述整流电路输出的直流电进行滤波及限流。
所述整流电路可以为二极管整流桥电路或晶闸管整流桥电路。
进一步地， 该电能回馈装置还可以包括： 至少一个 PWM三相逆变桥电 路， 所述 PWM三相逆变桥电路由滤波电容及可关断半导体器件构成， 所述 PWM 三相逆变桥电路的输出端串接电感后与所述隔离变压器副边的三相绕 组连接， 或与所述功率变换单元的输出端连接， 或通过隔离电容与所述功率 变换单元的输出端连接， 或通过隔离电容与所述隔离变压器副边的三相绕 组连接， 用于补偿所述隔离变压器原边电流功率因数及谐波。
所述可关断半导体器件可以是 IGBT或 IGCT等其它器件。
该电能回馈装置中的隔离变压器还可以是原边绕组为多个三相绕组并联 连接的分裂式变压器， 或副边绕组釆用移相绕法的移相变压器。
本发明提供的电能回馈装置， 通过对发电设备产生的三相或多相交流电 的任意两相交流电分别进行功率变换， 改善发电设备电流的波形系数， 提高 功率因数和设备的利用率。 隔离变压器副边的多路绕组可使该装置能够与不 同电压等级的电网匹配， 可提高回馈电网电流的波形系数， 降低谐波含量， 具有转换效率高， 工作可靠， 寿命长， 易于推广， 易于维护的优点。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术可四象限运行的交-直-交两电平变频器的原理图； 图 2为现有技术一种永磁发电机变速恒频风力发电系统的原理图； 图 3为现有技术另一种永磁发电机变速恒频风力发电系统的原理图； 图 4为现有技术釆用电流型变流器的变速恒频风力发电系统的原理图； 图 5为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例一的原理图；
图 6为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例三相交流电源原理图一； 图 7为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例三相交流电源原理图二； 图 8 为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例多个功率变换单元并联接入两 相交流电原理图；
图 9为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例二的原理图；
图 10为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例二极管整流桥原理图； 图 11为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例晶闸管整流桥原理图； 图 12为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例输出端串接电感的晶闸管整流 桥原理图；
图 13为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例晶闸管三相全控桥式电路的原 理图；
图 14为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例 PWM三相逆变桥电路与功率 变换单元连接原理图；
图 15为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例 PWM三相逆变桥电路通过隔 离电容与功率变换单元连接原理图；
图 16为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例釆用 IGBT的 PWM三相逆变 桥电路的原理图；
图 17为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例釆用分列式移相绕法的隔离变 压器的原理图。 具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例， 对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。 图 5为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例一的原理图， 如图 5所示， 该 电能回馈装置包括： 交流输入电源 11、 多个功率变换单元 12和隔离变压器 13； 其中， 交流输入电源 11为三相或多相交流电， 或者是输出端串联电感的 三相或多相交流电， 用于产生电能； 多个功率变换单元 12的输入端分别与交 流输入电源 11的两相连接， 用于分别对交流输入电源 11产生的两相交流电 进行功率变换； 隔离变压器 13的原边为三相绕组， 与电网连接， 隔离变压器 13 的副边为多路三相绕组， 与多个功率变换单元 12的输出端连接， 用于将 经过多个功率变换单元 12变换的交流电回馈至电网。
其中， 交流输入电源 11 可以是风力发电设备、 太阳能发电设备或潮汐 发电设备等可再生能源的发电设备， 由于产生交流电的设备不同， 该交流输 入电源 11可能产生三相交流电、 六相交流电或其他多相交流电， 相应地， 功 率变换单元 12的个数也随着交流输入电源 11相数的不同而不同， 以下以三 相交流电为例进行说明， 图 6为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例三相交流 电源原理图一， 为了使三相交流电源输出的电流更加稳定， 可以在三相交流 电源的各个输出端分别串联电感， 如图 7所示， 图 7为本发明电能回馈装置 提供的实施例三相交流电源原理图二。釆用三个功率变换单元 12分别接入三 相交流输入电源 11 的任意两相， 具体为， 将三相交流输入电源 11 中的 AB 相、 BC相和 AC相分别接入一个功率变换单元 12的输入端， 功率变换单元 12的输出端分别与隔离变压器 13副边的一路三相绕组连接， 这些功率变换 单元 12可以釆用先对交流输入电源 11的任意两相交流电进行整流滤波， 再 将整流滤波后的直流电变为交流电的方式实现对交流输入单元 11 的任意两 相交流电的功率变换， 但并不以此为限， 从而实现通过较小容量的功率变换 单元 12将交流输入电源 11转换成较大的输出功率，再通过隔离变压器 13副 边的多路三相绕组将经过多个功率变换单元 12 变换的三相或多相交流电耦 合到原边， 最后通过原边三相绕组与电网的连接线将三相或多相交流电回馈 至电网。 其中， 还可以将交流输入电源 11的任意两相接入到并联的两个或两 个以上的功率变换单元 12, 并联的功率变换单元 12的个数取决于交流输入 电源 11 的容量， 当容量较大时， 可以釆用多个功率变换单元 12, 这种在交 流输入电源 1 1的任意两相并联接入多个功率变换单元 12的方式适合于一些 容量特别大的发电设备，可以以较小容量的功率变换单元 12获得较大的输出 功率， 如图 8所示， 图 8为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例多个功率变换 单元并联接入两相交流电原理图。
本发明提供的电能回馈装置， 通过对发电设备产生的三相或多相交流电 的任意两相交流电分别进行功率变换， 改善发电设备电流的波形系数， 提高 功率因数和设备的利用率。 隔离变压器副边的多路绕组可使该装置能够与不 同电压等级的电网匹配， 可提高回馈电网电流的波形系数及功率因数。
图 9为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例二的原理图， 如图 9所示， 该 电能回馈装置包括： 交流输入电源 11、 多个功率变换单元 12和隔离变压器 13 ; 该装置还可以包括： 至少一个脉宽调制 （Pulse Width Modulation; 以下 简称： PWM )三相逆变桥电路 14, PWM三相逆变桥电路 14由滤波电容及 可关断半导体器件构成，其输出端串接电感后与隔离变压器 13的副边的三相 绕组连接， 或者与功率变换单元 12的输出端连接， 或者通过隔离电容与功 率变换单元 12的输出端连接， 或通过隔离电容与隔离变压器 1 3副边的三 相绕组连接， 用于补偿隔离变压器 13原边电流功率因数及谐波。 进一步地， 功率变换单元 12可以包括：整流电路和晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或多个输入 端串接的晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串；整流电路用于将交流输入电源 1 1的单 相交流电转换为直流电； 晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或多个输入端串接的晶闸 管三相全控桥式电路串的输入端与整流电路的输出端连接，用于将整流电路 输出的直流电转换为交流电。 该功率变换单元 12还可以包括： 电感， 电感设 置于整流电路及晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或多个输入端串接的晶闸管三 相全控桥式电路串之间， 用于对整流电路输出的直流电进行滤波及限流。
其中， 整流电路可以釆用二极管整流桥电路， 如图 10所示， 图 10为本 发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例二极管整流桥原理图， 为了进一步提高整流 电路的可控性， 整流电路还可以釆用晶闸管整流桥电路， 如图 1 1 所示， 图 11为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例晶闸管整流桥原理图， 釆用晶闸管整 流电路可以进行调压， 从而实现了电路的可控性。 在此基础上还可以在整流 电路的输出端接入电感以实现对整流电路输出的直流电进行滤波和限流， 以 整流电路为晶闸管整流桥电路为例， 如图 12所示， 图 12为本发明电能回馈 装置提供的实施例输出端串接电感的晶闸管整流桥原理图。图 13为本发明电 能回馈装置提供的实施例晶闸管三相全控桥式电路的原理图， 如图 13所示， 晶闸管三相全控桥式电路釆用六个晶闸管两两串联， 形成三个桥臂， 再将三 个桥臂并联， 形成三相全控桥式电路， 实现将经过电感滤波的直流电转换为 交流电。 还可以釆用不同级的多个晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串联连接， 以适 合于不同电压等级的发电设备， 并提高回馈功率因数。
该电能回馈装置还可增加至少一个 PWM三相逆变桥电路 14, 用以补偿 隔离变压器 13原边电流功率因数及谐波。 该 PWM三相逆变桥 14电路可以 釆用滤波电容及可关断半导体器件连接而成， PWM三相逆变桥电路 14的直 流侧连接滤波电容， 其交流侧的三相引出端分别连接三个用于滤波及限流的 输出电感， 然后与隔离变压器 13副边的一路三相绕组连接， 也可以通过隔离 电容与隔离变压器 13副边的三相绕组连接。还可以釆用多个输出端串接电感 的 PWM三相逆变桥电路 14分别与多个功率变换单元 12的输出端连接， 如 图 14所示， 图 14为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例 PWM三相逆变桥电 路与功率变换单元连接原理图，还可以在 PWM三相逆变桥电路 14的输出端 分别通过隔离电容与功率变换单元 12的输出端连接， 参见图 15, 图 15为本 发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例 PWM三相逆变桥电路通过隔离电容与功率 变换单元连接原理图。 通过调节 PWM三相逆变桥电路 14的交流侧电流， 可 以实现补偿隔离变压器 13原边电流功率因数及谐波。
PWM三相逆变桥电路 14中的可关断半导体器件可以釆用绝缘栅双极型 功率管（ Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor; 以下简称： IGBT )或集成门极换流 晶闸管 （ Intergrated Gate Commutated Thyristors; 以下简称： IGCT ) IGCT, 还可以是其他可关断半导体器件。图 16为本发明电能回馈装置提供的实施例 釆用 IGBT的 PWM三相逆变桥电路的原理图， 如图 16所示， 该电路釆用六 个 IGBT 两两串联， 形成三个桥臂， 然后将三个桥臂并联， 其直流侧的正、 负端并联接入滤波电容， 通过控制六个 IGBT的通、 断来控制交流侧电流。
该电能回馈装置中的隔离变压器 13 可以是原边绕组为多个三相绕组并 联连接的分裂式变压器， 以使其副边绕组短路阻抗分布对称。 隔离变压器 13 还可以是副边绕组釆用移相绕法的移相变压器。 如图 17所示， 图 17为本发 明电能回馈装置提供的实施例釆用分列式移相绕法的隔离变压器的原理图， 隔离变压器 13包含有多组并联的原边绕组，多路副边绕组可以釆用延边三角 形绕法或曲折移相绕法， 不同的副边绕组可以设计成不同的移相角。 釆用分 列式移相变压器可以提高回馈入电网的电流波形系数， 减小谐波。
本发明提供的电能回馈装置， 通过对发电设备产生的三相或多相交流电 的任意两相交流电分别进行功率变换， 改善发电设备电流的波形系数， 提高 功率因数和设备的利用率， 釆用晶闸管作为功率变换单元的主开关器件， 成 本低、 可靠性高， 通过不同级的晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串接， 可适用于不 同等级的发电设备， 提高回馈功率因数， 隔离变压器副边的多路绕组可使该 装置能够与不同电压等级的电网匹配， 可提高回馈电网电流的波形系数及功 率因数， 向电网输送无功功率， 发电设备输出端电流及电网侧电流正弦度高， 具有转换效率高、 工作可靠、 寿命长以及易于推广、 易于维护的优点。
最后应说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对 其限制； 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通 技术人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修 改， 或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并不 使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种电能回馈装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
交流输入电源， 所述交流输入电源为三相或多相交流电， 或者是输出 端串联电感的三相或多相交流电， 用于产生电能；
多个功率变换单元， 所述多个功率变换单元的输入端分别与所述交流 输入电源的两相连接， 用于分别对所述交流输入电源产生的两相交流电进 行功率变换；
隔离变压器， 所述隔离变压器原边为三相绕组， 与电网连接， 所述隔 离变压器副边为多路三相绕组， 与所述多个功率变换单元的输出端连接， 用于将经过所述多个功率变换单元变换的交流电回馈至所述电网。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的电能回馈装置， 其特征在于， 所述的功率 变换单元包括：
整流电路， 用于将所述交流输入电源的单相交流电转换为直流电； 晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或多个输入端串接的晶闸管三相全控桥式 电路串， 所述晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或多个输入端串接的晶闸管三相全 控桥式电路串的输入端与所述整流电路的输出端连接， 用于将所述整流电 路输出的直流电转换为交流电。
3、 根据权利要求 2 所述的电能回馈装置， 其特征在于， 所述功率变 换单元还包括： 电感， 所述电感设置于所述整流电路及所述晶闸管三相全 控桥式电路或多个输入端串接的晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串之间， 用于对 所述整流电路输出的直流电进行滤波及限流。
4、 根据权利要求 2 所述的电能回馈装置， 其特征在于， 所述整流电 路为二极管整流桥电路或晶闸管整流桥电路。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的电能回馈装置， 其特征在于， 所述整流电 路为二极管整流桥电路或晶闸管整流桥电路。
6、 根据权利要求 1 ~ 5中任一所述的电能回馈装置， 其特征在于， 还 包括：
至少一个 PWM三相逆变桥电路， 所述 PWM三相逆变桥电路由滤波电容 及可关断半导体器件构成， 所述 P醫三相逆变桥电路的输出端串接电感后 与所述隔离变压器副边的三相绕组连接， 或与所述功率变换单元的输出端 连接， 或通过隔离电容与所述功率变换单元的输出端连接， 或通过隔离电 容与所述隔离变压器副边的三相绕组连接， 用于补偿所述隔离变压器原边 电流功率因数及谐波。
7、 根据权利要求 6 所述的电能回馈装置， 其特征在于， 所述可关断 半导体器件为 I GBT或 IGCT。
8、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5或 7所述的电能回馈装置， 其特征 在于， 所述隔离变压器是原边绕组为多个三相绕组并联连接的分裂式变压 器， 或副边绕组釆用移相绕法的移相变压器。
9、 根据权利要求 6 所述的电能回馈装置， 其特征在于， 所述隔离变 压器是原边绕组为多个三相绕组并联连接的分裂式变压器， 或副边绕组釆 用移相绕法的移相变压器。
PCT/CN2009/070758 2008-03-18 2009-03-12 电能回馈装置 WO2009115018A1 (zh)

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