CN101540580B - 一种电能回馈装置 - Google Patents

一种电能回馈装置 Download PDF

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CN101540580B
CN101540580B CN2008100846927A CN200810084692A CN101540580B CN 101540580 B CN101540580 B CN 101540580B CN 2008100846927 A CN2008100846927 A CN 2008100846927A CN 200810084692 A CN200810084692 A CN 200810084692A CN 101540580 B CN101540580 B CN 101540580B
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phase
power
bridge circuit
thyristor
winding
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CN101540580A (zh
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张东胜
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New Energy Power Co
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XINNENG POWER (BEIJING) ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2011500032A priority patent/JP2011514798A/ja
Priority to EP20090722444 priority patent/EP2256915B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2009/070758 priority patent/WO2009115018A1/zh
Priority to BRPI0911794A priority patent/BRPI0911794A2/pt
Priority to CA2718941A priority patent/CA2718941C/en
Priority to MX2010010240A priority patent/MX2010010240A/es
Priority to US12/596,874 priority patent/US8599584B2/en
Priority to AU2009226528A priority patent/AU2009226528B2/en
Publication of CN101540580A publication Critical patent/CN101540580A/zh
Priority to ZA2010/06139A priority patent/ZA201006139B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P13/06—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
    • H02M5/443—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4505—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/04—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 having two or more secondary windings, each supplying a separate load, e.g. for radio set power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/28—Wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电能回馈装置。本发明的特点是，其包括一个由发电设备产生的三相交流输入电源；一个用于向电网回馈电能的隔离变压器，该变压器原边为三相绕组，与电网联接，其副边为多路三相绕组；多个功率变换单元，各功率变换单元的输入端与上述三相交流电源中的两相联接，功率变换单元的输出端，分别与上述隔离变压器的副边绕组连接。上述功率变换单元包括一个由二极管连接成的、将单相交流电变为直流电的整流桥电路；一个与上述整流桥电路的输出端联接的电感；以及一个与上述电感及整流桥电路联接的晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串，该晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串是由多个晶闸管三相全控桥式电路的直流端串联联接而成。本发明的目的是设计一种电能回馈装置，成本低，可靠性高，转换效率高，发电机输出端电流及网侧电流正弦度高，谐波含量低，可大量推广使用，以提高清洁能源发电的利用率。

Description

一种电能回馈装置
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种新颖的电能回馈装置，特别涉及一种风力发电机电能回馈装置。
背景技术：
风力发电、太阳能发电、潮汐发电等可再生能源的发电利用越来越受到人们的关注。这些新能源发电系统的普遍特点是发电设备分散、单机容量小、分布面积广、输出电压电流不稳定，如何将这些可再生能源发电设备产生的电能高效、可靠、低成本的转变为可供工业、民用直接使用的三相电，是目前我国及世界范围内急需解决的问题。
目前风力发电设备较多采取的方案是：①采用交流励磁线绕式转子双馈电机变速恒频风力发电系统。采用位于转子侧功率变流器，调节双馈电机的交流励磁电流，使发电机定子绕组发出电能，并直接回馈入电网。由于双馈发电机系统的特点，一般需要低压并且能够四象限运行的功率变流器，如传统的可四象限运行的交-直-交两电平变频器，如图1所示。该方案变频器仅处理转差功率，一般额定功率为发电机容量的三分之一左右，并且也属于低压变流器，因此变流器的成本、体积大大降低，但该方案所存在的问题是，发电机由于采用线绕式转子，并通过滑环交流励磁，使发电机体积及成本增加，由于滑环的使用，致使发电机故障率高，维护费用高。该方案目前在多家风电产品中得到采用，如西班牙Gamesa公司的产品。②永磁发电机变速恒频风力发电系统。该方案中，风机叶轮带动永磁发电机旋转，发出的电能经过功率变流器的变频调制后，变为与电网匹配的三相交流电，并回馈入电网，实现变速恒频发电，如图2、3所示是该方案采用电压型变流器的两种实现方式。该方案解决了上述方案中发电机可靠性的问题，整个系统运行故障率低，但由于该方案中变流器功率与发电机功率相同，且使用了全控大功率半导体器件IGBT或IGCT，并需要使用大量的电解电容器，因此变流器成本很高，变流设备体积大。图4所示是该方案采用电流型变流器的实现方式，使用了半可控功率半导体器件晶闸管，该方式虽然成本较低，但网侧谐波污染严重，功率因数低，还需要额外增加谐波治理设备，使总造价提高。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是设计一种电能回馈装置，成本低，可靠性高，转换效率高，发电机输出端电流及网侧电流正弦度高，谐波含量低，可大量推广使用，以提高清洁能源发电的利用率。
本发明所设计的一种电能回馈装置，其包括：一个由发电设备产生的三相交流输入电源；一个用于向电网回馈电能的隔离变压器，该变压器原边为三相绕组，与电网联接，其副边为多路三相绕组；多个功率变换单元，各功率变换单元的输入端与上述三相交流电源中的两相联接，功率变换单元的输出端，分别与上述隔离变压器的副边绕组连接。
上述功率变换单元包括：一个由二极管连接成的、将单相交流电变为直流电的整流桥电路；一个与上述整流桥电路的输出端联接的电感；以及一个与上述电感及整流桥电路联接的晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串，该晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串是由多个晶闸管三相全控桥式电路的直流端串联联接而成。
本发明所设计的一种电能回馈装置还可以包括一个用于补偿网侧功率因数及谐波、由滤波电容器及可关断半导体器件连接而成的PWM三相逆变桥，所述PWM三相逆变桥的三个引出端联接输出电感后，与所述隔离变压器副边的三相绕组联接。其中可关断半导体器件可以是IGBT或IGCT。
上述用于向电网回馈电能的隔离变压器可以采用原边绕组为多个三相绕组并联连接的分裂式变压器，以使其副边绕组短路阻抗分布对称。该隔离变压器也可以采用副边绕组是移相绕法的移相变压器，以提高回馈入电网电流的波形系数，减小谐波，其移相方法可以采用延边三角形绕法或曲折移相绕法。
本发明所设计的一种电能回馈装置可以采用多个功率变换单元并联的方式，以适用于一些容量特别大的发电设备。对于发电设备产生的三相电中的任意两相，并联接入2个或2个以上的功率变换单元，这些功率变换单元的输出端分别与上述隔离变压器不同的副边绕组连接，从而可以用较小容量的功率变换单元，获得较大的输出功率。同样也可以用2个或2个以上的上述三相逆变桥，来获得较大的容量。
本发明所设计的一种电能回馈装置，采用晶闸管作为功率变换的主开关器件，成本低，可靠性高，通过对发电设备产生的三相电中的三组两相电分别进行功率变换，可以改善发电设备电流的波形系数，提高功率因数和设备的利用率。通过采用不同级的晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串联联接，可适合于不同电压等级的发电设备，提高回馈功率因数。多副边绕组隔离变压器可使该系统与不同电压等级的电网匹配，通过对副边绕组的移相设计，可提高回馈电网电流的波形系数，降低谐波含量。通过采用上述由可关断半导体器件连接成的三相逆变桥电路，本发明装置可进一步提高电能回馈的功率因数，并可向电网输送无功功率。本发明所设计的一种电能回馈装置转换效率高，工作可靠，寿命长，易于维护。
附图说明：
图1是传统的可四象限运行的交-直-交两电平变频器原理图。
图2是已有的永磁发电机变速恒频风力发电系统原理图。
图3是另一种已有的永磁发电机变速恒频风力发电系统原理图。
图4是已有的采用电流型变流器的变速恒频风力发电系统原理图。
图5是本发明的电路原理图。
图6是本发明采用PWM三相逆变桥的原理图。
图7是本发明多组功率变换单元并联连接的原理图。
图8是本发明晶闸管三相全控桥式电路的原理图。
图9是本发明采用IGBT的PWM三相逆变桥的原理图。
图10是本发明采用分裂式移相绕法的隔离变压器原理图。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图，详细介绍本发明设计装置的实施例及工作过程。
图5是本发明设计的一种电能回馈装置电路原理图，其中交流电源1是由发电设备所产生的三相电源，功率变换单元2的输入端联接电源的A、B相输入，另外2个功率变换单元的输入端分别联接电源的B、C相，C、A相输入。功率变换单元的输入电源经二极管整流桥3整流后，联接滤波电感4，接入晶闸管三相全控桥式电路5的正端，多个晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串联联接，形成晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串，其负端联接至整流桥，形成回路。多个晶闸管三相全控桥式电路的三个输出端联接至隔离变压器6的副边绕组，隔离变压器的原边绕组通过引出端7联接电网。
图6是本发明采用PWM三相逆变桥的原理图。图中9为PWM逆变桥，其直流侧连接滤波电容器8，其交流侧通过三相引出端联接三个输出电感，然后与隔离变压器的一组副边绕组联接。通过调节PWM三相逆变桥的交流侧电流，即可达到补偿隔离变压器原边电流功率因数及谐波的目的。
图7是本发明多组功率变换单元并联连接的原理图。图中功率变换单元11及12的输入端并联联接，其输出端分别与隔离变压器的不同副边绕组联接。通过上述功率变换单元并联工作的方式，可以使用多个较小容量的功率变换单元，获得较大电能回馈功率。
图8是本发明晶闸管三相全控桥式电路的原理图。六只晶闸管13两两串联，形成3个桥臂，然后并联联接，成为一个三相全控桥式电路，实现直流到交流的变换的目的。
图9是本发明采用IGBT的PWM三相逆变桥的原理图。六只IGBT14两两串联，形成3个桥臂，然后并联联接，其直流侧的正、负端并联联接滤波电容器15，通过控制六只IGBT14的通、断状态，即可控制交流侧电流。
图10是本发明采用分裂式移相绕法的隔离变压器原理图，图中变压器包含有多组原边绕组17，连接为并联接法，多路副边绕组16采用延边三角形方法实现移相，不同副边绕组可以设计成不同的移相角。

Claims (6)

1. 一种电能回馈装置，其特征在于：其包括：
一个由发电设备产生的三相交流输入电源；
一个用于向电网回馈电能的隔离变压器，其原边为三相绕组，与电网联接，其副边为多路三相绕组；
多个功率变换单元，各功率变换单元的输入端与所述三相交流电源中的两相联接，所述功率变换单元的输出端，分别与所述隔离变压器的副边绕组连接。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电能回馈装置，其特征在于：所述的功率变换单元包括：
一个由二极管连接成的、将单相交流电变为直流电的整流桥电路；
一个与所述整流桥电路的输出端联接的电感；
一个与所述电感及整流桥电路联接的晶闸管三相全控桥式电路或晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串，所述晶闸管三相全控桥式电路串是由多个晶闸管三相全控桥式电路的直流端串联联接而成。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种电能回馈装置，其特征在于：其进一步包括：
一个用于补偿网侧功率因数及谐波、由滤波电容器及可关断半导体器件连接而成的PWM三相逆变桥，所述PWM三相逆变桥的三个引出端联接输出电感后，与所述隔离变压器副边的三相绕组联接。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种电能回馈装置，其特征在于：所述的可关断半导体器件可以是IGBT或IGCT。
5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种电能回馈装置，其特征在于：所述的隔离变压器是原边绕组为多个三相绕组并联连接的分裂式变压器，或者是副边绕组采用移相绕法的移相变压器。
6. 根据权利要求1、2、4、5中任何一项所述的一种电能回馈装置，其特征在于：所述的隔离变压器是原边绕组为多个三相绕组并联连接的分裂式变压器，或者是副边绕组采用移相绕法的移相变压器。
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PCT/CN2009/070758 WO2009115018A1 (zh) 2008-03-18 2009-03-12 电能回馈装置
BRPI0911794A BRPI0911794A2 (pt) 2008-03-18 2009-03-12 dispositivo de realimentação de energia
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JP2011500032A JP2011514798A (ja) 2008-03-18 2009-03-12 電力フィードバック装置
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ZA2010/06139A ZA201006139B (en) 2008-03-18 2010-08-27 A power feedback device
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