WO2009107753A1 - 後眼部到達用リポソーム及び後眼部疾患用医薬組成物 - Google Patents
後眼部到達用リポソーム及び後眼部疾患用医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009107753A1 WO2009107753A1 PCT/JP2009/053609 JP2009053609W WO2009107753A1 WO 2009107753 A1 WO2009107753 A1 WO 2009107753A1 JP 2009053609 W JP2009053609 W JP 2009053609W WO 2009107753 A1 WO2009107753 A1 WO 2009107753A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
- A61K9/1271—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers
- A61K9/1272—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers with substantial amounts of non-phosphatidyl, i.e. non-acylglycerophosphate, surfactants as bilayer-forming substances, e.g. cationic lipids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liposome having posterior eye area reachability and a pharmaceutical composition for posterior eye disease using the liposome.
- the reason for this is that in local ocular administration such as eye drops, the residence time of the drug is shortened due to tears and the like, and the drug permeability in keratoconjunctival epithelial cells is low.
- injection has problems such as lack of convenience and concerns about complications such as vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment, and it can reach the posterior segment even by noninvasive administration methods such as local ocular administration.
- noninvasive administration methods such as local ocular administration.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a liposome preparation for the purpose of reaching retinal cells, which is “encapsulated in specific liposomes containing dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). Although it has been reported that “DNA” could reach retinal ganglion cells, it is not a liposome encapsulating a chemical substance.
- DLPC dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine
- DOPE dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
- the average particle size of liposomes is a submicron size, which is an effective drug for preventing or treating posterior segment diseases.
- a liposome preparation capable of reaching the posterior segment can be produced, and has reached the present invention, the purpose of which is to reach the posterior segment by topical ocular administration, and It is in providing the liposome of novel composition which does not have cytotoxicity, and the pharmaceutical composition for posterior ocular diseases using the same.
- H / P Liposomes for use.
- H / P H: Height of liposome adsorbed on the substrate, measured by atomic force microscope
- P average particle size of liposomes measured by dynamic light scattering
- ⁇ Third invention> The liposome for reaching the posterior segment of the first or second invention, wherein the average particle size is 600 nm or less.
- ⁇ Fifth invention> (A) is selected from the group consisting of distearoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, egg phosphatidylcholine, and hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
- the liposome for reaching the posterior eye segment according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, characterized in that the liposome contains at least one or more kinds.
- ⁇ Sixth invention> The liposome for reaching the posterior eye segment according to any one of the first to fifth inventions, wherein the liposome liquid has a gel liquid crystal transition temperature of 20 ° C or higher.
- ⁇ Ninth Invention> A posterior segment disease characterized in that a drug effective for the prevention or treatment of posterior segment disease is encapsulated in the liposome for reaching the posterior segment according to any one of the first to eighth aspects of the invention.
- ⁇ Tenth invention> The pharmaceutical composition for posterior ocular diseases according to the ninth invention, wherein the dosage form is an eye drop.
- the liposome of the present invention has the advantage that it can reach the posterior eye segment and is not cytotoxic. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition for posterior ocular diseases of the present invention can be prevented or treated for posterior ocular diseases by a simple local ophthalmic administration method such as eye drops without inconvenience such as injection.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of a test for confirming the interaction between cells and liposomes (the amount of liposomes taken up by cells) for the liposomes of Examples 3 to 7. It is a figure which shows the result of the toxicity confirmation test (MTS test) about the liposome of Example 3, 4 and Comparative example 1,2.
- FIG. It is a figure of the fluorescence microscope observation which shows the result of the posterior eye part arrival confirmation test using the rabbit about the liposome of Example 3.
- FIG. It is the figure which digitized the fluorescence intensity of FIG.
- FIG. It is a figure of the fluorescence microscope observation which shows the result of the posterior eye part arrival confirmation test about the liposome of Example 8.
- FIG. It is a figure of the fluorescence microscope observation which shows the result of the posterior eye part arrival confirmation test about the FITC labeled polystyrene particle of the comparative example 3.
- FIG. It is a figure of the fluorescence microscope observation which shows the result of the posterior eye part arrival confirmation test about the liposome of Example 5.
- the liposome for reaching the posterior segment of the present invention comprises the following (A) and (B) and / or (C) as constituent components, has a firmness having cell membrane permeability, and has an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less. It is characterized by being.
- A Phospholipid
- B Charged substance
- C Membrane reinforcing substance
- the phospholipid used in the liposome for reaching the posterior segment of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the liposome particle can be hardened.
- the acyl group has 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
- a long one is preferable.
- DSPC distearoylphosphatidylcholine
- DPPC dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
- DMPC dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
- DLPC dilauroylphosphatidylcholine
- EPC egg phosphatidylcholine
- HyPC hydrogenated phosphat
- These phospholipids can be used alone or in combination.
- the liposome of the present invention is required to contain the following (B) and / or (C) in addition to (A). Among them, (B), (C ) Is particularly preferred.
- the charged substance used in the liposome for reaching the posterior segment of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it improves the dispersion stability of the liposome particles.
- the charged substance includes a positively charged substance and a negatively charged substance, but a negatively charged substance is preferable in that the cytotoxicity tends to be lower.
- Examples of the positively charged substance include stearylamine (SA), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide cage (DDAB), and derivatives thereof.
- SA stearylamine
- DDAB didodecyldimethylammonium bromide cage
- Examples of the negatively charged substance include dicetyl phosphate (DCP), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol DP (DPPG), and derivatives thereof, among which DCP or a derivative thereof is preferable.
- DCP dicetyl phosphate
- DPPG dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol DP
- derivatives thereof among which DCP or a derivative thereof is preferable.
- charge substance may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a charge can also be provided by modifying the surface of the liposome with a polymer having a charge.
- the amount of the charged substance (B) added is preferably 0.02 to 0.3, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.3, in molar ratio with respect to phospholipid 1.
- the membrane-enhancing substance used in the liposome for reaching the posterior segment of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can reinforce the rigidity of the liposome particles.
- a compound having a steroid skeleton Are preferred.
- 1 type, or 2 or more types of combined use may be sufficient as a film
- Examples of the compound having a steroid skeleton include cholesterol (Chol.) And derivatives thereof.
- the amount of the (C) membrane reinforcing substance added is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 in terms of molar ratio to phospholipid 1.
- the membrane reinforcing substance has an advantage that uniform liposomes can be easily obtained by adding as a liposome component.
- the liposome particles of the present invention are required to have a firmness having cell membrane permeability.
- This “stiffness with cell membrane permeability” means that the liposomes can be taken into cells without being disintegrated. For example, interaction with human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) This can be confirmed by examining in vitro.
- a liposome solution is added to a container seeded with immortalized human corneal epithelial cells, incubated at a constant temperature for a fixed time, washed, lysed cells, a fluorescent substance introduced into the liposome, etc.
- a fluorescent substance introduced into the liposome, etc.
- the uptake amount of the fluorescent substance or the like can be confirmed more than the control, it can be said that there is cell membrane permeability.
- the firmness having the cell membrane permeability can be evaluated by, for example, a method published in the following paper.
- the method published in the above paper is a method for evaluating the firmness of liposomes using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS method: Dynamic Light Scattering).
- AFM atomic force microscope
- DLS method Dynamic Light Scattering
- a solution in which liposomes are suspended is adsorbed on a substrate such as mica (mica), for example, and the mode of liposome height (H) in an area of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m (amplitude mode) Visualize by.
- a substrate such as mica (mica)
- H mode of liposome height
- Liposome height (H) was determined by measuring the depth of all liposomes within the 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m scale of the substrate surface by AFM and using the instrument software to determine the mode from the peak top of the histogram. Value.
- the AFM is preferably used with an E-scanner capable of measuring in the range of up to 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m.
- an E-scanner capable of measuring in the range of up to 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m.
- Nanoscope registered trademark manufactured by Digital Instruments in Corp. IIIa IV system controller etc. can be used.
- a certain number of liposomes are adsorbed within a scale of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m in order to obtain more accurate H. For example, at least several tens / (10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m ) Or more is preferable, but when using a size adjusted to some extent in advance, it may be less.
- the liposome concentration in the liposome suspension may be adjusted.
- the average particle size (P) is measured using the DLS method by ZETASIZER 3000HSA (MALVERN INSTRUMENT Ltd., UK) that can measure particles from 0.6 to 6000 nm before adsorbing liposomes to the substrate surface. .
- the zeta potential of the colloidal particles is measured by a laser Doppler method using Zetamaster (MALVERN INSTRUMENT Ltd., UK).
- the firmness of the liposome particles can be calculated by the following formula (I).
- this H / P value is preferably 0.15 to 1.0, and more preferably 0.3 to 1.0.
- the phospholipid constituting the liposome may be one having an acyl group having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, the charged substance (B) and / or This can be achieved by using the membrane reinforcing substance (C) or by setting the gel liquid crystal transition temperature of the liposome particles to a specific value.
- This gel liquid crystal transition is a term that describes the state of the phospholipid bilayer.
- the temperature at which the phase change occurs is called the gel liquid crystal transition temperature (Tc).
- Tc gel liquid crystal transition temperature
- the Tc is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably 40 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 50 ° C. or higher.
- the TPC of DSPC is about 54 to 55 ° C, about 41 to 42 ° C for DPPC, about 23 to 24 ° C for DMPC, and about -15 to -7 ° C for EPC. It is.
- the average particle size of the liposome of the present invention needs to be 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 600 nm or less, more preferably 80 to 250 nm, still more preferably 90 to 220 nm, particularly preferably 100 to 100 nm. 200 nm.
- the average particle diameter of a liposome is a value measured by the above-mentioned DLS method.
- the liposome of the present invention is considered to have a single-layer structure mainly called SUV (small uni-lamella vesicle), but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- SUV small uni-lamella vesicle
- the method for producing the liposome of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of appropriately combining the following (1) and (2), among which the thin film hydration-extrusion method is preferable.
- MLV miniaturization (ssLip (submicron sized small uni-lamella vesicle) by the extrusion method, ultrasonic irradiation method, freeze-thaw method, French press method, homogenization method, etc. (liposome))
- the ultrasonic irradiation method and the extrusion method are preferable for the miniaturization of the liposome, but the extrusion method is particularly preferable because the liposome can be miniaturized more uniformly.
- the extrusion method and the ultrasonic irradiation method are preferable because the particle size can be easily adjusted.
- the thin film hydration method is a method in which the basic components that make up the liposome membrane are dissolved in an organic solvent such as chloroform, and then applied to a rotary evaporator, and the solvent is distilled off under heating and reduced pressure to form a thin film inside the evaporator. Thereafter, the thin film is hydrated with a phosphate buffer or a HEPES-HBSS solution in a warm water bath.
- the drug to be encapsulated in the liposome membrane or in the space inside the liposome is dissolved in an hydrating solution when it is water-soluble, or dissolved in an organic solvent together with a liposome component when water-insoluble. Can be encapsulated in liposomes.
- HEPES is 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid.
- HBSS is a Hanks ’s balanced salt solution.
- the pharmaceutical composition for posterior eye diseases of the present invention is obtained by encapsulating a drug effective for the prevention or treatment of posterior ocular disease in the posterior segment reaching liposome of the present invention.
- a drug effective for the prevention or treatment of posterior ocular disease in the posterior segment reaching liposome of the present invention Any of (A) a phospholipid, (B) an electrification substance, or (C) a membrane strengthening substance, which is a constituent component of the liposome for reaching the posterior eye segment of the present invention, is an effective drug for the prevention or treatment of posterior segment disease Can have all or part of them.
- the drug that can be encapsulated in the liposome for reaching the posterior segment of the present invention to form the pharmaceutical composition for the posterior segment disease of the present invention is not particularly limited. And drugs effective for the prevention or treatment of headache diseases.
- posterior ocular diseases include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis (sympathetic ophthalmitis), glaucoma, cataracts, vitreous opacities, etc., but are not limited to these, All diseases having lesions or causes of diseases in the posterior eye segment are applicable.
- the pharmaceutical composition for posterior ocular diseases of the present invention comprises a buffer (phosphate buffer, borate buffer, citrate buffer, tartaric acid buffer, acetate buffer, amino acid, etc.), isotonic agent (sorbitol, Sugars such as glucose and mannitol, polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin and propylene glycol, or salts such as sodium chloride), excipients, lubricants, binders, disintegrants, stabilizers, flavoring agents, diluents , Surfactants, emulsifiers, solubilizers, absorption promoters, moisturizers, adsorbents, fillers, extenders, moisturizers, preservatives (quaternary ammonium salts such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, paraoxy Paraoxybenzoates such as methyl benzoate and ethyl paraoxybenzoate, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, sorbic acid, and
- the pharmaceutical composition for posterior ocular diseases of the present invention can contain other active ingredients as long as the pharmacological effect is not inhibited.
- administering route of the pharmaceutical composition for posterior eye diseases of the present invention examples include invasive methods such as injection into the posterior segment, and noninvasive methods such as topical administration by eye drops and ointment application.
- invasive methods such as injection into the posterior segment
- noninvasive methods such as topical administration by eye drops and ointment application.
- the liposome of the present invention can reach the posterior segment even by instillation, it can exert its value most in local ophthalmic administration such as instillation.
- Examples of the form of the pharmaceutical composition for posterior eye diseases of the present invention include eye drops, eye ointments, injections and the like.
- the content of the liposome in the pharmaceutical composition for posterior eye diseases of the present invention varies depending on the dosage form, the type of drug encapsulated in the liposome, the encapsulated amount of the drug, etc., and cannot be generally limited. As long as it can be shaped, it may be appropriately selected in relation to the dose of the drug.
- the content of liposome in the pharmaceutical composition is 0.01 to 20 with respect to the entire pharmaceutical composition.
- a range of 0.0 (w / w%: ratio in solid content) is preferable, and 0.1 to 1.0 (w / w%: ratio in solid content) is particularly preferable.
- the drug component is preferably 0.0001 to 10 (w / v%), more preferably 0.001 to 5 (w / v%). 0.0002 to 0.2 (w / v%), more preferably 0.001 to 0.1 (w / v%), in the case of eye drops, preferably 0.01 to 50 (w / w%), More preferably, it is preferably prepared so as to be 0.02 to 20 (w / w%), but is not necessarily limited to this range.
- the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition for posterior eye diseases of the present invention varies depending on the administration route, symptoms, age, body weight, form of the pharmaceutical composition, etc., for example, the liposome in the pharmaceutical composition for posterior ocular diseases is encapsulated.
- the amount of drug being administered is preferably 0.005 to 500 mg per kg body weight of the subject in need of treatment, more preferably 0.1 to 100 mg, provided that the lower limit is preferably 0 per day for adults. .01 mg (more preferably 0.1 mg), and the upper limit is preferably 20 g (more preferably 2000 mg, still more preferably 500 mg, particularly preferably 100 mg). Is desirable.
- Examples 1 and 2 The constituent material of the liposome having the composition shown in Table 1 is subjected to a rotary evaporator under a reduced pressure of about 40 ° C. to form a thin film inside the evaporator, and then the thin film is washed with a HEPES-HBSS solution or the like in a water bath at about 60 to 70 ° C. Hydrated to produce MLV. The obtained MLV was subjected to extrusion to obtain a solution containing ssLip (Examples 1 and 2).
- the membrane filter used for the extrusion in the examples is a polycarbonate filter manufactured by Nuclepore Track-Etch Membrane, Whatman (Schleicher & Schuell).
- mica used as a substrate was pretreated according to the following document. Thomson, 2000, Langmuir 16 (11), 4813-4818
- AP 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- N N, N-diisopropylethylamine
- DI N-diisopropylethylamine
- the firmness (H / P) of these liposome particles is 0.81 (Example 1) and 0.31 (Example 2), respectively, and the liposome of the present invention having a preferred firmness is produced. I was able to.
- the liposome constituent material and encapsulated drug (6-coumarin) were applied to the rotary evaporator under the reduced pressure of about 40 ° C. with the composition shown in Table 2 to form a thin film on the inside of the evaporator. Hydrated with a HEPES-HBBS solution or the like in a water bath at ⁇ 70 ° C. to produce MLV, which was used as comparative examples (Comparative Examples 1 and 2).
- the average particle size of the liposome was measured by the DLS method using ZETASIZER 3000 HSA® (MALVERN® INSTRUMENT Ltd., UK) as described above.
- the eyeball After a certain period of time (30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours), the eyeball is removed, and a frozen section sample (thickness 10 ⁇ m) of the eyeball portion corresponding to the posterior eye portion shown in FIG. 1 is prepared and applied to the fundus of the retina.
- the reached 6-coumarin fluorescence was observed under a fluorescence microscope at an excitation wavelength of 470 to 490 nm and a detection wavelength of 515 to 550 nm. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows typical examples after 30 minutes, 1 hour and 3 hours after instilling the liposome solutions of Examples 3 and 4 or Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively.
- FIG. “Non” in FIG. 3 is a control when the eyedrop is not instilled.
- submicron size particles having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less, such as DSPC ssLip of Example 3 and EPC ssLip of Example 4. .
- the 6-coumarin used in the examples is considered to be mixed in the liposome membrane. From this, it is possible that the liposome of the present invention has reached the posterior eye segment. It is considered extremely high.
- the average particle diameter of Examples 3 to 7 is 1 ⁇ m or less in a container seeded with immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T, Cell No. RCB1384, Riken Cell Bank) (6.3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 ). Were added (0.5 ml) and incubated at 37 ° C. for 180 minutes.
- HCE-T immortalized human corneal epithelial cells
- RCB1384 Riken Cell Bank
- the cultured cells were washed twice with HBSS-Hepes® buffer (0.5 ml) cooled to 4 ° C.
- the fluorescence intensity was evaluated based on the relative intensity when the fluorescence intensity of the liposome of Example 3 was 1.
- the Tc of DSPC of Example 3 is about 54 to 55 ° C.
- the Tc of DPPC of Example 5 is about 41 to 42 ° C.
- the Tc of DMPC of Example 6 is about 23 to 24 ° C., etc.
- the posterior eye area reachability was higher as the value was higher.
- the Tc is as low as about ⁇ 15 to ⁇ 7 ° C., but the posterior segment reachability is high because the EPC itself can easily maintain the liposome structure, This is probably because the property of easily holding the encapsulated fluorescent substance (6-coumarin) is larger than the effect of Tc.
- Toxicity confirmation test (MTS test) >> Liposomes of Examples 3 and 4 or Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were placed in a container in which immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T, Cell No. RCB1384, RIKEN Cell Bank) were seeded (3.15 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 ). Each solution was added (0.5 ml) and incubated at 37 ° C. for 180 minutes.
- HCE-T immortalized human corneal epithelial cells
- control represents HBSS-HepesHebuffer
- Supension represents a suspension of 6-coumarin alone.
- the MTS reagent means the following. (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -5- (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl) -2- (4-sulfophenyl) -2H-tetorazolium inner salt)
- the MTS test utilizes the fact that the amount of formazan product produced by mitochondria is directly proportional to the number of living cells in culture.
- the amount of the formazan product of the control in which only the cell maintenance solution (HEPES-HBSS) was added to the cultured cells was [A] control, and the formazan product in the case of adding the test substance (the liposome in the example or comparative example)
- the ratio of the amount [A] test is obtained by the following formula, and this is evaluated as the cell viability (%).
- the amount of formazan product is measured by absorbance at 490 nm.
- the average particle size 116.8 nm (Example 8), 174.8 nm (Example 9), 300.6 nm (Example 10)
- a solution containing liposomes having various average particle diameters of 561.0 nm (Example 11) was obtained.
- the liposome concentration (phospholipid concentration) in the solution containing these liposomes was 20.4 mM.
- the hardness (H / P) of the polystyrene particles was about 1.0.
- the liposome of the present invention has posterior segment reachability, it is suitably used as a pharmaceutical composition for posterior segment diseases for noninvasive prevention or treatment such as topical ocular administration including eye drops.
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Abstract
Description
つまり、この特許文献2では、リポソームに封入したDNAは後眼部に到達しているものの、リポソームそのものは途中で崩壊し、後眼部に達成していなかった可能性がある。
このことは、封入したDNAの後眼部到達の割合は、必ずしも高いとは言えないことを意味している。
下記(A)と、(B)及び/又は(C)を構成成分として含み、細胞膜透過性を有する堅さを有し、平均粒子径が1μm以下であることを特徴とする、後眼部到達用リポソーム。
(A)リン脂質
(B)電荷物質
(C)膜強化物質
細胞膜透過性を有する堅さが、下記の式(I)によって表されるH/Pの値で0.15~1.0であることを特徴とする、第一の発明記載の後眼部到達用リポソーム。
H/P・・・・・・・・(I)
H:原子間力顕微鏡によって測定される、基板に吸着させたリポソームの高さ
P:動的光散乱によって測定される、リポソームの平均粒子径
平均粒子径が、600nm以下であることを特徴とする、第一又は第二の発明記載の後眼部到達用リポソーム。
(A)の、アシル基の炭素数が、12~18であることを特徴とする、第一の発明乃至第三の発明のいずれかに記載の、後眼部到達用リポソーム。
(A)が、ジステアロイルフォスファチジルコリン,ジパルミトイルフォスファチジルコリン,ジミリストイルフォスファチジルコリン,ジラウロイルフォスファチジルコリン,エッグフォスファチジルコリン,水素添加フォスファチジルコリンからなる群から選択される、少なくとも1種以上を含むものであることを特徴とする、第一の発明乃至第四の発明のいずれかに記載の後眼部到達用リポソーム。
リポソーム粒子のゲル液晶転移温度が、20℃以上であることを特徴とする、第一の発明乃至第五の発明のいずれかに記載の後眼部到達用リポソーム。
(B)が負電荷物質であることを特徴とする、第一の発明乃至第六の発明のいずれかに記載の、後眼部到達用リポソーム。
(C)がステロイド骨格を有する化合物であることを特徴とする、第一の発明乃至第七の発明のいずれかに記載の、後眼部到達用リポソーム。
第一の発明乃至第八の発明のいずれかに記載の後眼部到達用リポソームに、後眼部疾患の予防又は治療に有効な薬剤が封入されていることを特徴とする、後眼部疾患用医薬組成物。
剤形が点眼剤である、第九の発明記載の後眼部疾患用医薬組成物。
本発明の後眼部到達用リポソームは、下記(A)と、(B)及び/又は(C)を構成成分として含み、細胞膜透過性を有する堅さを有し、平均粒子径が1μm以下であることを特徴とするものである。
(B)電荷物質
(C)膜強化物質
以下、各構成成分について詳述する。
本発明の後眼部到達用リポソームに用いられるリン脂質としては、リポソーム粒子を堅くできるものであれば、特に限定されないが、例えば、アシル基の炭素数が12~18のように、ある程度長いものが好ましく、具体的には、ジステアロイルフォスファチジルコリン(DSPC),ジパルミトイルフォスファチジルコリン(DPPC),ジミリストイルフォスファチジルコリン (DMPC),ジラウロイルフォスファチジルコリン(DLPC),エッグフォスファチジルコリン(EPC),水素添加フォスファチジルコリン(HyPC)等が挙げられるが、中でも、DSPCが、硬い粒子を形成し易い点で好ましい。
本発明の後眼部到達用リポソームに用いられる電荷物質としては、リポソーム粒子の分散安定性を向上させるものであれば、特に限定されない。
電荷物質には、正電荷物質と負電荷物質があるが、細胞毒性が、より低い傾向にあるという点で、負電荷物質が好ましい。
本発明の後眼部到達用リポソームに用いられる膜強化物質としては、リポソーム粒子の堅さを強化し得るものであれば、特に限定されないが、例えば、ステロイド骨格を有する化合物が、好ましいものとして挙げられる。
また、膜強化物質は、1種又は2種以上の併用であっても良い。
本発明のリポソームの粒子は、細胞膜透過性を有する堅さを有することを必要としている。
この、「細胞膜透過性を有する堅さ」とは、リポソームが崩壊せずに、細胞に取り込まれ得る程の堅さを意味し、例えば、ヒト角膜上皮細胞(HCE-T)との相互作用をin vitroで調べること等によって、確認することができる。
本発明においては、このTcが20℃以上のものが好ましく、更に好ましくは40℃以上、特に好ましくは、50℃以上である。
本発明のリポソームの平均粒子径は、1μm以下であることが必要であるが、600nm以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、80~250nm,更に好ましくは90~220nm,特に好ましくは、100~200nmである。
尚、リポソームの平均粒子径は、上述のDLS法によって測定した値である。
本発明のリポソームは、主に、SUV(small uni-lamella vesicle)と呼ばれる一層構造を取っているものと考えられるが、必ずしもこれに限られるものでは無い。
本発明のリポソームの製造方法は、特に限定されるものでは無く、下記の(1)及び(2)を適宜組み合わせる方法等が挙げられるが、中でも薄膜水和-エクストルージョン法が好ましい。
この(1)の中では、例えば実施例で用いた6-クマリンのような、疎水性の薬剤を封入する際には、薄膜水和法が、均一な封入ができるという点で好ましい。
(ssLip(submicron sized small uni-lamella vesicle (liposome))の製造)
本発明の後眼部疾患用医薬組成物は、本発明の後眼部到達用リポソームに後眼部疾患の予防又は治療に有効な薬剤を封入したものである。後眼部疾患の予防又は治療に有効な薬剤が、本発明の後眼部到達用リポソームの構成成分である(A)リン脂質、(B)電化物質または(C)膜強化物質としてのいずれかの効力を有する場合は、それらの全部または一部を兼ねることができる。
本発明の後眼部疾患用医薬組成物の投与経路としては、後眼部への注射等の侵襲的方法や、点眼や眼軟膏塗布等による眼局所投与のような非侵襲的方法が挙げられるが、本発明のリポソームは、点眼によっても後眼部到達が可能であるため、点眼等の眼局所投与において最もその価値を発揮し得る。
従って、本発明の後眼部疾患用医薬組成物の形態としては、例えば点眼剤,眼軟膏,注射剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の後眼部疾患用医薬組成物中の、リポソームの含有量は、剤形やリポソームに封入される薬剤の種類や薬剤の封入量等によって様々であり、一概に限定できず、各種剤形化が可能な範囲で、薬剤の投与量との関係で適宜選択すれば良いが、例えば、リポソームの、医薬組成物中の含有量としては、医薬組成物全体に対し、0.01~20.0(w/w%:固形分中の割合)の範囲が好ましく、特に、0.1~1.0(w/w%:固形分中の割合)が好ましい。
本発明の後眼部疾患用医薬組成物の投与量は、投与経路,症状,年齢,体重,医薬組成物の形態等によって異なるが、例えば、後眼部疾患用医薬組成物中のリポソームが内包している薬剤の量が、処置を必要としている対象体重1kg当たり好ましくは0.005~500mg,より好ましくは、0.1~100mg,但し、成人に対して1日あたり、下限として好ましくは0.01mg(より好ましくは0.1mg),上限として、好ましくは20g(より好ましくは2000mg,更に好ましくは500mg,特に好ましくは100mg)となるように、1回又は数回に分けて、症状に応じて投与することが望ましい。
表1の組成のリポソームの構成材料を、約40℃の減圧下、ロータリーエバポレーターにかけ、エバポレーターの内側に薄膜を形成させ、その後薄膜を約60~70℃の水浴中で、HEPES-HBSS溶液等で水和し、MLVを製造した。
得られたMLVをエクストルージョンにかけ、ssLipを含む溶液を得た(実施例1~2)。
尚、本発明において、実施例でエクストルージョンに用いたメンブランフィルターは、Nuclepore Track-Etch Membrane, Whatman(Schleicher & Schuell)社製の、ポリカーボネート製のものである。
尚、測定に先だって、基板として用いたマイカを、次の文献に従って前処理した。
Thomson, 2000, Langmuir 16(11), 4813-4818
乾燥させたシャーレ中に、劈開したマイカと3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(以下、APと記載する。), 分子量221.4, 2μl)と、N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(N, N-diisopropylethylamine(DI), 分子量129.2, 1μl)を入れ、十分に密封した状態で室温下、指定時間放置した。このとき2つの反応溶液は、直接マイカに滴下するのでは無く、乾燥した遠心チューブのふたを切り取りその中に添加し、気相中の反応によって、マイカ表面にAPを修飾した。その後、シャーレからふたごとAPを取り出し、窒素ガスを用いてシャーレ内に充分量の窒素を充満させ保存した。調製したAP処理マイカは24時間以内に使用した。
蒸留水を用いて脂質濃度として0.02mMに希釈したリポソーム懸濁液200μlを上述のAP処理マイカに吸着させ、常温で30分間静置した。その後、蒸留水を用いて未吸着の微粒子を除去し観察を行った。測定時のカンチレバーとして、DNP-S20(Length: 120 μm, narrow, nominal spring constant:0.32N/m)を使用した。カンチレバーを液中セルに固定し、液中タッピングモードにて微粒子の形状観察を行った。スキャンスピードはスキャンサイズによって1.0もしくは2.5Hzで観察した。
(1)MLVの調製
実施例1,2のような硬いssLipに、更に薬剤を封入させた、実施例3,4のssLipを製造した。
(1)で得られた比較例のMLVをエクストルージョンにかけ、平均粒子径が各々111.7nm(実施例3),112.9nm(実施例4)のリポソーム(ssLip)を含む、リポソーム溶液を得た。
これらのリポソームは、いずれも(B)電荷物質としては、DCPを用い、(C)膜強化物質としては、コレステロールを用いた。
また、これらのリポソームの製造時における、構成成分の配合比は、A:B:C=8:2:1=1:0.25:0.125(モル比)とした。
尚、実施例5~7のリポソーム溶液中のリポソーム濃度(リン脂質濃度)は、いずれも実施例3,4と同じ20.4mMであった。
実施例3,4又は比較例1,2の各リポソーム溶液の3μlを、6週齢雄ddy系クリーンマウスの角膜表面に点眼投与した(各群3匹)。
図3中の「non」とは、点眼剤を点眼しなかった場合のコントロールである。
視神経乳頭の中心より500μm(耳側及び鼻側の2ヵ所)にて、網膜神経節細胞層及び内網上層を含む50μm平方の単位ピクセルあたりの、平均蛍光強度を測定した。
その2ヵ所の平均値を、各サンプルの定量値として解析した。
値は平均値±標準誤差,n=3である。
ヒト角膜上皮細胞(HCE-T)を用いて、in vitroで評価した。
尚、実施例4のEPCの場合には、Tcが約-15~-7℃と低い割に、後眼部到達性が高いのは、EPC自体の、リポソームの構造を維持し易い性質や、封入した蛍光物質(6-クマリン)を保持し易い性質が、Tcの影響よりも大きいためと考えられる。
不死化ヒト角膜上皮細胞(HCE-T,Cell No. RCB1384,理研セルバンク)を播種(3.15×104 cells/cm2)した容器に、実施例3,4又は比較例1,2のリポソーム溶液をそれぞれ添加し(0.5ml)、37℃で180分間インキュベーションを行った。
(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetorazolium inner salt)
培養細胞に細胞維持液(HEPES-HBSS)のみを添加したコントロールの、ホルマザン生成物の量を[A]controlとし、被験物(実施例又は比較例のリポソーム)を添加した場合のホルマザン生成物の量[A]testの割合を、下記式によって求め、これを細胞生存率(%)として評価するというものである。
また同時に、この結果は、本発明のリポソームを薬物キャリアーとして用いた場合の、安全性も示すものである。
家ウサギ(日本白色,雄,2.5kg,18羽)の眼に、各々50μlずつの、実施例3のリポソーム溶液(DSPC ssLip)を点眼した。
点眼前(未点眼),10分後,30分後,1時間後,2時間後,及び6時間後に眼球を摘出し、薄切標本を作製し、6-クマリンによる蛍光強度を観察した。
視神経乳頭の中心より500μm(耳側及び鼻側の2ヵ所)にて、網膜神経節細胞層及び内網上層を含む50μm平方の単位ピクセルあたりの、平均蛍光強度を測定した。
その2ヵ所の平均値を、各サンプルの定量値として解析した。
値は平均値±標準誤差,n=3である。
上述の実施例等の方法に倣って、DSPC/DCP/Chol. = 8/2/1=1/0.25/0.125のモル比で、リポソームを作製した。このリポソーム精製過程において、エクストルージョンに用いるメンブランフィルターの孔径を変更することによって、平均粒子径116.8nm(実施例8),174.8nm(実施例9),300.6nm(実施例10),561.0nm(実施例11)の、各種の平均粒子径のリポソームを含む溶液を得た。
これらのリポソームを含む溶液中のリポソーム濃度(リン脂質濃度)は、いずれも20.4mMであった。
上述の実施例等の方法に倣って、EPC/SA/Chol. = 7/1/3≒1/0.14/0.43の組成比(モル比)で、H/P=0.15のリポソーム(H=15.3±1.17,P=103.6±0.85)を含む溶液を得た。
上述の実施例等の方法に倣って、表3の組成比で、各種のリポソームを含む溶液を得た。
リポソームに変えて、FITCで蛍光標識したポリスチレン粒子(Micromer-greenF(登録商標),コアフロント株式会社製,平均粒子径110.7nm)にグルコース50%(w/v)溶液を10%(v/v)加え、懸濁液中のグルコースの最終濃度が5%(w/v)となるようにして、等張としたものを、使用した。
実施例5(DPPC ssLip,114.1nm),実施例6(DMPC ssLip,124.7nm)のリポソーム溶液各々3μlを、(I)の後眼部到達確認試験と同様の方法でマウスに点眼した後、30分後の蛍光顕微鏡観察の結果を、図18及び図19に示した。
Claims (10)
- 下記(A)と、(B)及び/又は(C)を構成成分として含み、細胞膜透過性を有する堅さを有し、平均粒子径が1μm以下であることを特徴とする、後眼部到達用リポソーム。
(A)リン脂質
(B)電荷物質
(C)膜強化物質 - 細胞膜透過性を有する堅さが、下記の式(I)によって表されるH/Pの値で0.15~1.0であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の後眼部到達用リポソーム。
H/P・・・・・・・・(I)
H:原子間力顕微鏡によって測定される、基板に吸着させたリポソームの高さ
P:動的光散乱によって測定される、リポソームの平均粒子径 - 平均粒子径が、600nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2記載の後眼部到達用リポソーム。
- (A)の、アシル基の炭素数が、12~18であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の、後眼部到達用リポソーム。
- (A)が、ジステアロイルフォスファチジルコリン,ジパルミトイルフォスファチジルコリン,ジミリストイルフォスファチジルコリン,ジラウロイルフォスファチジルコリン,エッグフォスファチジルコリン,水素添加フォスファチジルコリンからなる群から選択される、少なくとも1種以上を含むものであることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の後眼部到達用リポソーム。
- リポソーム粒子のゲル液晶転移温度が、20℃以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の後眼部到達用リポソーム。
- (B)が負電荷物質であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の、後眼部到達用リポソーム。
- (C)がステロイド骨格を有する化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の、後眼部到達用リポソーム。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の後眼部到達用リポソームに、後眼部疾患の予防又は治療に有効な薬剤が封入されていることを特徴とする、後眼部疾患用医薬組成物。
- 剤形が点眼剤である、請求項9記載の後眼部疾患用医薬組成物。
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US11224602B2 (en) | 2015-04-13 | 2022-01-18 | Forsight Vision5, Inc. | Ocular insert composition of a semi-crystalline or crystalline pharmaceutically active agent |
JP2019528313A (ja) * | 2016-08-18 | 2019-10-10 | ブレマー,トロイ | リポソーム構築物を用いた黄斑細胞及び網膜細胞への尿素の送達 |
JP7079250B2 (ja) | 2016-08-18 | 2022-06-01 | ブレマー,トロイ | リポソーム構築物を用いた黄斑細胞及び網膜細胞への尿素の送達 |
WO2020189773A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-09-24 | 洋文 竹内 | 後眼部送達用組成物 |
JPWO2020189773A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-09-24 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2009107753A1 (ja) | 2011-07-07 |
CN101959503A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
US20110008421A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
CA2717133A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
EP2255788B1 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
EP2255788A4 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
US9114070B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
TW200942271A (en) | 2009-10-16 |
JP5514098B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 |
CA2717133C (en) | 2016-04-26 |
EP2255788A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
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