WO2009104820A1 - Procédé de stockage de l'énergie héliothermique - Google Patents

Procédé de stockage de l'énergie héliothermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009104820A1
WO2009104820A1 PCT/JP2009/053624 JP2009053624W WO2009104820A1 WO 2009104820 A1 WO2009104820 A1 WO 2009104820A1 JP 2009053624 W JP2009053624 W JP 2009053624W WO 2009104820 A1 WO2009104820 A1 WO 2009104820A1
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Prior art keywords
energy
solar
thermal energy
solar thermal
ammonia
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PCT/JP2009/053624
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
中村徳彦
菊池昇
Original Assignee
トヨタ自動車株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by トヨタ自動車株式会社 filed Critical トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority to CN2009801053272A priority Critical patent/CN101946134B/zh
Priority to ES201090054A priority patent/ES2363959B2/es
Priority to AU2009216080A priority patent/AU2009216080B2/en
Publication of WO2009104820A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009104820A1/fr
Priority to IL207472A priority patent/IL207472A/en
Priority to EG2010081371A priority patent/EG26154A/en
Priority to ZA2010/05919A priority patent/ZA201005919B/en
Priority to MA33169A priority patent/MA32187B1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/003—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using thermochemical reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/04—Purification or separation of nitrogen
    • C01B21/0405—Purification or separation processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0494—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase using plasma or electric discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/20—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using chemical reactions, e.g. thermochemical reactions or isomerisation reactions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • coal energy, biomass energy, nuclear energy, and natural energy such as wind energy and solar energy are being considered as alternative energy alternatives to fossil fuel energy such as oil and natural gas.
  • enormous energy is required for the production and concentration of ethanol from plants, which may be disadvantageous in terms of energy efficiency.
  • corn, soybeans, sugar millet, etc. are used as raw materials for biofuel, they naturally have uses as food and feed, which will increase the price of food and feed. . Therefore, biomass energy cannot be considered as a substantial energy source outside of special regions such as Brazil.
  • nuclear energy as an alternative energy has not been found to be a sufficient solution for the treatment of radioactive waste from nuclear power plants, and there are also many dissents based on fear of proliferation. From that, we can not expect great progress globally. Rather, the use of nuclear energy as an alternative energy is expected to decrease over the long term due to an increase in the number of decommissioned nuclear reactors.
  • wind energy is a powerful alternative energy candidate.
  • Solar energy is considered to be the most stable and abundant natural energy as alternative energy.
  • a vast desert spreads out and the solar energy that falls here is truly inexhaustible.
  • energy of as much as 7,00 GW can be obtained.
  • using only a few percent of the Arabian peninsula and the deserts of North Africa can cover all the energy used by all centuries.
  • solar energy is directly generated by solar cells, or It is converted into electric power as secondary energy indirectly by a steam turbine, etc., making it convenient for its use and transportation.
  • the energy transfer problem can be solved in principle because the electric energy can be transferred through the transmission line.
  • a plant that obtains electric energy from solar energy is installed in a desert area rich in solar energy, it is necessary to newly construct and maintain a large-capacity transmission line, which is difficult. There are many. Furthermore, for example, it would be very difficult to send a large amount of energy obtained from solar energy in a desert plant to other continents and island countries across the sea.
  • the present invention solves the problems related to the storage and transfer of solar energy, thereby making it possible to use solar energy all over the world, and to solve the problem of the generation of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and the problem of drought of oil. It is intended to be resolved.
  • ammonia is synthesized from air and water using only the acquired solar thermal energy as an energy source
  • the ammonia is transferred from the first area to the second area, and the ammonia is generated in the second area so as to generate nitrogen and water.
  • a method characterized by having a process of obtaining driving energy by burning.
  • the step of synthesizing the ammonia includes
  • step (1) Utilizing other part of the acquired solar thermal energy, a reaction for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen obtained in step (1) is performed.
  • the synthesized ammonia is used as a fuel to obtain at least a part of the electric power, power and Z or heat necessary for carrying out the synthesis step, (A1) to (A6) The method in any one of.
  • the obtained solar thermal energy is directly used as a heat source to cause a reaction to generate hydrogen from water. Any one of the above (A5) to (A7) The method described.
  • step (1) The method according to (A 8), wherein at least a part of the lug is obtained by a parapoly dish type concentrator and a Z or solar tower type concentrator.
  • step (1) The method according to (A 6) or (A 7), wherein in step (1), the electric power is used as a heat source to cause a reaction to generate hydrogen from water.
  • step (1) water is electrolyzed with the electric power to cause a reaction to generate hydrogen from water.
  • (A 1 2) The method according to any one of (A 1 0) or (A l 1), wherein the solar thermal energy is acquired by a parapoly trough concentrator.
  • step (2) ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen using the obtained solar thermal energy directly as a heat source and as a power source, or (A 5) to (A 1 2) The method described in any one of the items.
  • step (1) the obtained solar thermal energy is directly used as a heat source to cause a reaction to generate hydrogen from water; the solar thermal energy used as a heat source in step (1) is reduced Both are obtained with a parabolic dish type concentrator and a Z or solar tower type concentrator; in the step (2), the obtained solar thermal energy is directly used as a heat source and / or a power source.
  • a reaction of synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen; and the solar thermal energy used as a heat source in step (2) The method according to any one of (A 5) and (A 7), which is obtained with a parapoly trough-type light collecting device.
  • (A 1 7) The method according to any one of (A 5) and (A 1 5), wherein the nitrogen is obtained by combusting the hydrogen obtained in the step (1) and consuming oxygen in the air. .
  • ammonia is synthesized from air and water using only the acquired solar thermal energy as an energy source
  • a method comprising the step of obtaining driving energy by burning the ammonia so as to generate nitrogen and water in the second region.
  • the solar thermal energy acquisition means of the first region collects sunlight and acquires solar thermal energy
  • Ammonia synthesis means in the first region synthesizes ammonia from air and water using only the acquired solar energy as an energy source
  • the ammonia is liquefied by the ammonia liquefying means in the first area
  • An ammonia transfer means for transferring the liquefied ammonia from the first region to the second region
  • the driving energy generating means in the second region comprises the step of obtaining the driving energy by burning the ammonia so as to generate nitrogen and water.
  • step (c) Utilizing another part of the acquired solar thermal energy, causing a reaction to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen obtained in step (b);
  • step (B4) The method according to any one of (B1) to (B3), wherein only the solar thermal energy obtained in step (a) is used as an energy source.
  • step (b) the solar heat energy obtained in the step (a) is directly used as a heat source to carry out a reaction for generating hydrogen from water (B1) to (B4).
  • At least a part of the solar heat energy used as a heat source in the step (b) is obtained by a parabolic dish type concentrator and a Z or solar evening type concentrator. 5) The method described in the paragraph.
  • step (B 7) The method according to (B 2) or (B 3), wherein in step (b), a reaction for generating hydrogen from water is performed using the electric power as a heat source.
  • step (B8) The method according to (B2) or (B3), wherein in step (b), water is electrolyzed with the electric power to cause a reaction to generate hydrogen from water.
  • step (B 9) The method according to any one of (B 7) or (B 8), wherein in step (a), the solar thermal energy is acquired by a parabolic trough concentrator.
  • step (B 10) ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen using the solar energy obtained in step (a) directly as a heat source and Z or a power source.
  • step (B 11) The method according to (B 10), wherein the solar heat energy used as a heat source in the step (c) is obtained with a parabolic trough concentrator.
  • step (b) the solar heat energy obtained in step (a) is directly used as a heat source to cause a reaction to generate hydrogen from water; used as a heat source in step (b). At least a part of the solar heat energy is obtained with a parabolic dish type concentrator and a Z or solar tower type concentrator; the solar thermal energy obtained in step (a) is directly obtained in step (c).
  • a reaction to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen using as a heat source and a Z or power source; and the solar trough energy used as a heat source in step (c) is a parabolic trough type collector.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of the conversion system 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of the conversion system 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the energy flow of the conversion system 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of a parapoly dish type condensing device.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an outline of the solar tower type condensing device.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a parabolic trough concentrator.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of equipment for implementing the solar thermal energy storage method. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • ammonia is considered to be a useful candidate.
  • Ammonia is a strong irritating gas, and it is a deleterious substance that damages the respiratory system when inhaling high-concentration gas, but because of its strong odor, lethal doses of 1 1, 0 0 0 or less 5 Humans can detect leaks from around ppm, and there are very few accidents in the actual market.
  • Ammonia for example, is used as a refrigerant for freezers such as fish boats along with chlorofluorocarbons. However, fatal accidents when ammonia leaks are 1% 1 0 Degree. Explosive disasters during the transfer of ammonia are less than 1 Z 5 for gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
  • ammonia production is about 150 million tons per year, which is mainly used for fertilizers in large quantities. In view of the fact that it is used in large quantities in the market in this way, ammonia is considered to be sufficiently socially acceptable.
  • ammonia The physical properties of ammonia are close to LPG and about 8 atm at room temperature Liquefied easily, and has a sufficient record of storage and transport, and is not a particular problem. Ammonia is also defined as a non-flammable substance. It is difficult to ignite, and even if ignited, the burning rate is slow and the flammable range is narrow.
  • the energy density of ammonia is about half that of gasoline, which is almost the same as methanol, but the calorific value in theoretical mixing is higher than that of gasoline, and it can be used as a fuel enough for moving objects. Furthermore, it can be sent to a thermal power plant in a remote area by a tanker or the like and burned instead of natural gas or coal. In this case, the efficiency is theoretically considered to exceed that of natural gas or coal.
  • the conversion system 1 condenses sunlight 20 0 to produce solar thermal energy, solar thermal energy acquisition means 10, and ammonia synthesis means 20 0 to synthesize ammonia from water and air using solar thermal energy The details will be described later regarding a solar thermal energy storage method), an ammonia transfer means 30, and a drive energy generation means 40 that burns ammonia to generate drive energy.
  • the solar heat acquisition means 10 and the ammonia synthesis means 20 are arranged in the first area 3, and the drive energy generation means 40 is arranged in the second area 5 that is geographically different from the first area 3. .
  • the ammonia synthesis means 20 uses solar heat energy as reaction heat and converts ammonia (NH 3 ) and oxygen (0 2 ) from nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 0) contained in the air. Generate.
  • the produced ammonia is optionally liquefied and transferred from the first region 3 to the second region 5 as fuel by the ammonia transfer means 30.
  • ammonia is burned by the driving energy generation means 4 0 so as to generate nitrogen and water, and driving energy 1 2 40 and thermal energy 2 5 0 are generated.
  • Nitrogen and water are non-polluting substances that are abundant in the atmosphere. Therefore, the nitrogen and water produced by combustion are released into the atmosphere and circulate according to the convection existing in nature, and can be used again as raw materials for the ammonia synthesis means 20 in the first region 3. become.
  • the conversion system 1 has an energy balance of driving energy 2 4 0 and thermal energy 2 5 0 with sunlight 2 0 0 as input, while nitrogen + water-ammonia + oxygen (ammonia synthesis), It has a material balance of the circulation loop of ammonia + oxygen ⁇ nitrogen + water (ammonia combustion). And all the processes of the conversion system 1 do not require chemical substances containing carbon atoms, and therefore do not emit any carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • the conversion system 1 uses the ammonia generated using air and water as a solar thermal energy transfer material, so that the solar thermal energy acquired in the first region 3 can be driven in the second region 5. It can be used as energy. Also, conversion system 1 Since energy is converted by the circulation of chemical substances that do not contain carbon atoms (water, nitrogen in the air, ammonia), carbon dioxide is not emitted in any process in the system.
  • the solar heat acquisition means 10 is preferably located in a region with a large amount of sunlight, so the first region should be a region with more solar radiation than the second region that uses drive energy. .
  • the ammonia synthesizing means 20 also discharges oxygen. Oxygen is a valuable substance for the manufacture of chemical products, so oxygen utilization facilities may be established in the first area.
  • the ammonia synthesizing means 20 is composed of an ammonia synthesis brand 22, an ammonia liquefaction device 24 that liquefies compressed ammonia with cooling water, and liquefies ammonia liquefied by the expanded self-refrigerant 24, solar heat Power generation plant that generates power from steam turbines using steam generated using gas or gas turbines that use ammonia combustion (including those combined with steam turbines) 25, liquefied ammonia shipping facilities 26, Includes cooling towers for cooling water (not shown), water treatment equipment for purifying water from well water, seawater, etc.
  • Ammonia transfer means 30 is carried out by liquefied ammonia ship 3 2 on board transfer, tank / lorry 3 4 or pipeline 3 6 on land transfer.
  • ammonia is received by the ammonia receiving equipment 4 2, or ammonia is directly transferred to the drive energy generating means 40.
  • the drive energy generation means 40 gas turbine, automobile, etc.
  • the conversion system 2 uses the ammonia generated using air and water as a solar thermal energy transfer material, so that the solar thermal energy acquired in the first region 3 can be driven in the second region 5. It can be used as energy.
  • the conversion system 2 converts energy by circulation of chemical substances without carbon atoms (water, nitrogen in the air, ammonia), the solar heat acquisition means 10 and ammonia synthesis means 20 in the first region, Carbon dioxide is not emitted in the driving energy generating means 40 in the second region.
  • Sunlight 2 0 0 is converted into solar heat energy 2 1 0 via solar heat acquisition means 1 0.
  • Solar thermal energy 2 1 0 is converted into chemical energy 2 2 0 as potential energy of ammonia by ammonia synthesis means 2 0.
  • a part 2 15 of the solar thermal energy 2 10 is used by the ammonia synthesizing means 2 0 as a heat source, a power source and Z or a power source.
  • the chemical energy 2 20 is transferred from the first area 3 to the second area 5 by the ammonia transfer means 30.
  • the ammonia transfer means 30 is combusted by the internal combustion engine of the ammonia transfer means 30 with a part of chemical energy (that is, a part of the ammonia to be transferred). Power and / or at least part of the power).
  • the chemical energy 2 2 0 is partially consumed by the ammonia transfer means 3 0, and becomes chemical energy 2 3 0 after being transferred to the second area 5.
  • Chemical energy 2 3 0 burns ammonia so that driving energy generating means 40 generates nitrogen and water, and outputs driving energy 2 4 0 and thermal energy 2 5 0 (not shown, In ammonia synthesis means 20 and ammonia transfer means 30, waste heat Energy can be generated).
  • Sunlight 2 0 0 input in area 3 of 1 is transferred as drive energy 2 4 0 and heat energy 2 5 0 in second area 5.
  • the conversion system 1 does not need to use an energy source other than the sunlight 20 0. Therefore, the conversion system 1 enables conversion of solar thermal energy 2 10 to driving energy 2 40 without emitting carbon dioxide at any step in the system.
  • Methods for storing solar thermal energy include: (a) acquiring solar thermal energy; (b) using a portion of the acquired solar thermal energy, for example as a heat source, power source and Z or power source, especially directly (C) using other part of the acquired solar thermal energy as a heat source or power source, for example, heat source, power source and Z or power Use as a source, particularly as a heat source and Z or as a power source, to carry out a reaction to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen obtained in step (b).
  • solar heat energy can be stored in the form of chemical energy of ammonia by synthesizing ammonia using solar heat energy.
  • the solar heat energy obtained in step (a) is used to obtain at least a portion of the power and Z or power required to perform this method.
  • the synthesized ammonia is used as a fuel to obtain at least a portion of the power, dynamics and / or heat required to perform this method.
  • only the solar thermal energy obtained in step (a) is used as a source of energy.
  • the electric power required for carrying out this method include electric power for driving a pump compressor that causes a fluid such as a raw material to flow and Z or compression, electric power for further heating of a heat source, and the like.
  • Examples of power necessary for carrying out this method include power for driving a pump / compressor that flows and / or compresses a fluid such as a raw material.
  • heat necessary for carrying out this method can include heat for further heating of the heat source.
  • supplying a part of the heat energy for the heat source by electric power is preferable in order to make the temperature of the heat source higher than the temperature directly obtained by solar thermal energy.
  • step (a) solar energy is obtained in step (a).
  • any concentrator can be used to obtain solar thermal energy, for example, the following (1) to (3 concentrators can be used: (1) No. Labish dish type (Parabo 1 icdish T ype)
  • the parabolic dish type concentrator shown in Fig. 4 has a plate-like reflector 1 4 1 that reflects and collects sunlight 20 0 and a light receiver 1 4 2 that receives the collected light.
  • the solar energy is acquired at this light receiving section 1 4 2.
  • the solar thermal energy obtained from the light-receiving unit 1 4 2 can be transferred to the required location using a molten alkali metal such as molten metal sodium, molten salt, oil, steam, etc. In monkey.
  • This type of concentrator is suitable for a relatively small plant, and is preferably used as solar thermal energy of about 10 kw to several 100 kw.
  • this type of condensing device has a high degree of light condensing, and thus a relatively high power cost for obtaining a high-temperature heat source of 2, 00 or more.
  • the solar tower type condensing device 1 5 0 shown in Fig. 5 is a light receiving unit that receives multiple condensed light (reflecting part) 1 5 1 that reflects sunlight 2 0 0 and collects it. 1 5 3 and solar light energy is acquired in this light receiving part 1 5 2.
  • the light receiving portion 1 5 3 is arranged above the light receiving portion 1 15 2.
  • the solar heat energy obtained at the light receiving section 15 3 can be moved to the required location using a heat medium as required.
  • This type of concentrator is suitable for large-scale plants ranging from 10 MW to several 100 MW.
  • this type of condensing device has a high degree of condensing, and a high-temperature heat source can be obtained with a numerical value of 1,00,00.
  • the construction cost of the tower is high, and the control of the reflector is required to be highly technical.
  • the parabolic trough concentrator 1 60 shown in Fig. 6 has a trough-type reflector 1 6 1 that reflects and collects sunlight 20 0 and a light receiver 1 6 2 that receives the collected light. And the solar receiver 1 4 2 obtains solar thermal energy.
  • the solar thermal energy obtained by the light receiving section 16 2 can be moved to a necessary location by optionally circulating a heat medium via the heat medium flow path 16 3.
  • This type of concentrator is simple in structure and low in cost, and is suitable for large-scale plants. In general, it is suitable for the numerical value of 100 MW, but has a low concentration, and the obtained heat source is a low-temperature heat source in the range of 400 to 500.
  • each concentrator has advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, any of these or a combination of them can be used in the energy storage method.
  • solar thermal energy for a high temperature heat source is obtained by a concentrator with a high degree of concentration (for example, a parapoly dish type concentrator and / or a solar evening type concentrator), and other Solar thermal energy, for example, a low-temperature heat source, power and solar thermal energy for generating Z or can be obtained with a concentrating device with a low concentration (eg, a parabolic trough concentrating device).
  • solar thermal energy obtained by a concentrating device with a high degree of concentration is less than 1 Z 2 of the sum of solar thermal energy obtained by a concentrating device with a high degree of condensing and a concentrating device with a low degree of concentrating, It can be in the range of 1 to 2.
  • limiting the proportion of light concentrators that are generally high cost and have a high degree of light condensing may be preferable with respect to the overall cost of the light concentrating equipment.
  • step (B) (Hydrogen production)>
  • step (b) a part of the acquired solar thermal energy is used. Use only one energy source to generate hydrogen from water.
  • any method can be used to obtain hydrogen from water.
  • water electrolysis for example, the following (1) to (3) water splitting methods are known.
  • water decomposition is known. The focus is on reducing the reaction temperature required for the reaction: (1) Direct method
  • Equation 1 Equation 1
  • This method requires two types of heat sources: a high-temperature heat source (at about 15 500) and a low-temperature heat source (4 00 V,).
  • This method requires two types of heat sources: a high-temperature heat source (at 95 0) and a low-temperature heat source (4 0 0).
  • This relatively high temperature heat source can be provided by directly using the solar heat energy acquired in step (a) as a heat source, in which case at least a portion of the required solar heat energy is collected. It can be obtained with a concentrator with a high luminous intensity, such as a parapoly dish type concentrator and a Z or solar tower type concentrator.
  • this relatively high temperature heat source uses electric power, particularly electric power obtained using solar thermal energy acquired in step (a), or electric power obtained using synthesized ammonia as fuel. be able to.
  • step (a) when providing a relatively high-temperature heat source using electric power, or when electrolyzing water using electric power, in step (a), the acquisition of solar thermal energy is performed by collecting light with a low concentration. This can be done with a device, for example a parapoly trough concentrator. This may be preferable with respect to the overall cost of the light collection equipment.
  • C Process of solar thermal energy storage (C) (Ammonia synthesis)
  • step (C) the other part of the acquired solar thermal energy was used, and in particular, only the acquired solar thermal energy was used as an energy source, and was obtained in nitrogen and step (b). A reaction for synthesizing ammonia from hydrogen is performed.
  • the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen can be achieved by any method.
  • the relatively low temperature heat source for this reaction and Z or the power for this reaction can be provided using the solar thermal energy obtained in step (a), in this case the necessary solar heat.
  • Energy can be obtained with a concentrator with a low concentration, such as a parapoly trough concentrator.
  • the electric power and Z or power obtained by using the solar thermal energy acquired in the step (a), or the electric power and power obtained by using the synthesized ammonia as fuel. Z or power can be used.
  • the production of carbon dioxide due to the use of fossil fuel can be suppressed and preferably eliminated.
  • the produced hydrogen (H 2 ) is burned with air (4 N 2 + O 2 )
  • Nitrogen gas can also be produced by consuming oxygen of:
  • Equation 7 the combustion product is only water and the combustion product is oxidized Since it does not occur as carbon and carbon dioxide, the need for removal of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is reduced or even eliminated. Since this reaction is an exothermic reaction, it is possible to use the heat energy generated at this time as necessary to produce the electric power required for the energy storage method.
  • One example of a solar thermal energy storage method can be implemented using equipment as shown in Figure 7.
  • solar heat energy is acquired by a solar tower type condensing device 15 0 having a relatively high light concentration, and the solar heat energy obtained here is used to distribute a heat medium that is a molten salt 1 7 8 to transfer to reactor 1 7 1.
  • solar heat energy is obtained by a parapoly trough-type light concentrator 1 60 having a relatively low light concentration, and the obtained solar heat energy is connected by a pipe 1 7 9 through which a heat medium that is water vapor is circulated. Transfer to reactor 1 7 1.
  • a parabolic trough that uses the thermal energy supplied from the solar evening light type concentrator 1 50 having a relatively high concentration as a high-temperature heat source and that has a relatively low concentration.
  • Hydrogen is obtained by performing a reaction for generating hydrogen from water using the thermal energy supplied from the type concentrator 160 as a low-temperature heat source and Z or a power source.
  • Solar thermal energy is acquired by a parabolic trough-type concentrator 1 60 having a relatively low concentration, and transferred to a reactor 1 7 3 by a pipe 1 7 9 through which a heat medium that is water vapor flows.
  • solar heat energy is used as a heat source and / or a power source to perform a reaction for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen to obtain ammonia.
  • the nitrogen supplied to the reactor 1 7 3 is subjected to a cryogenic separation of the air by an air cryogenic separation device 1 7 2.
  • the hydrogen supplied to the reactor 1 7 3 is obtained by the reactor 1 7 1.
  • the supply to the system of the facility that implements solar thermal energy is only solar energy 20 0, water (H 2 0) and air (A ir).
  • Ammonia (NH 3 ) is obtained. Therefore, in this example, it does not involve the generation of oxygen dioxide to store solar thermal energy in the form of ammonia chemical energy.
  • the ammonia obtained in reactor 1 7 3 is optionally liquefied in liquefier 1 7 4 and then stored in storage tank 1 7 5 until shipping.
  • solar energy can also be used as a power source for the liquefaction device.
  • a condensing device having a relatively high condensing degree for example, a parapoly dish type condensing device can be used.
  • a solar tower type concentrator 150 and a parabolic trough concentrator 1660 instead of using two types of concentrators, only one type of concentrator can be used.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de stockage de l'énergie héliothermique. Le procédé de stockage de l'énergie héliothermique décrit dans la présente invention comprend l'acquisition de l'énergie héliothermique, l'utilisation d'une partie de l'énergie héliothermique acquise susmentionnée pour effectuer une réaction de façon à générer de l'hydrogène à partir de l'eau, et l'utilisation d'une autre partie de l'énergie héliothermique acquise susmentionnée pour effectuer une réaction de façon à synthétiser l'ammoniac à partir de l'azote et de l'hydrogène obtenu à l'étape (b).
PCT/JP2009/053624 2008-02-22 2009-02-20 Procédé de stockage de l'énergie héliothermique WO2009104820A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2009801053272A CN101946134B (zh) 2008-02-22 2009-02-20 太阳热能存储方法
ES201090054A ES2363959B2 (es) 2008-02-22 2009-02-20 Método para almacenar energía solar térmica.
AU2009216080A AU2009216080B2 (en) 2008-02-22 2009-02-20 Solar thermal energy storage method
IL207472A IL207472A (en) 2008-02-22 2010-08-08 Solar thermal energy storage method
EG2010081371A EG26154A (en) 2008-02-22 2010-08-15 Way to store solar thermal energy
ZA2010/05919A ZA201005919B (en) 2008-02-22 2010-08-19 Solar thermal energy storgae method
MA33169A MA32187B1 (fr) 2008-02-22 2010-09-13 Procédé de stockage de l'énergie héliothermique

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JP2008041990A JP5012559B2 (ja) 2008-02-22 2008-02-22 太陽熱エネルギー貯蔵及び移送方法
JP2008-041990 2008-02-22

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WO2010128682A1 (fr) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Nakamura Norihiko Usine combinée
US8272216B2 (en) 2008-02-22 2012-09-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method for converting solar thermal energy
US9506400B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2016-11-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hydrogen generator, ammonia-burning internal combustion engine, and fuel cell
CN107023445A (zh) * 2017-06-22 2017-08-08 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 一种以二氧化碳为集热工质的塔式太阳能光热发电系统
CN107084103A (zh) * 2017-06-22 2017-08-22 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 一种以二氧化碳为储热及做功工质的塔式太阳能光热发电系统
WO2021203176A1 (fr) * 2020-04-09 2021-10-14 Woodside Energy Technologies Pty Ltd Procédé et installation de traitement d'hydrocarbure à énergie renouvelable
GB2619700A (en) * 2022-06-06 2023-12-20 Catagen Ltd Renewable energy capture, conversion and storage system

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WO2013098945A1 (fr) * 2011-12-27 2013-07-04 川崎重工業株式会社 Appareil de production d'énergie solaire thermique
JP5821777B2 (ja) * 2012-05-21 2015-11-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 アンモニア合成方法
CN102721312B (zh) * 2012-07-06 2013-10-16 中山大学 一种太阳能热化学混合储能装置及方法
CN102852742B (zh) * 2012-08-30 2014-12-03 中国科学院电工研究所 真空吸热管吸热器的塔式太阳能热发电系统
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US9884770B2 (en) 2013-08-08 2018-02-06 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Ammonia synthesis method
ES2574352B1 (es) * 2014-12-15 2017-03-28 Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A. Planta de potencia con almacenamiento termoquímico basado en un ciclo de reacciones y su método de funcionamiento
DE102016223001A1 (de) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-24 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zur Speicherung von Energie in Form von Hydrazincarbonat
CN112443989B (zh) * 2019-09-05 2024-05-07 浙江大学 基于太阳能高温热化学颗粒的吸热储热系统及方法
CN111351239B (zh) * 2020-02-24 2021-10-26 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种太阳能储热与闭式循环耦合发电系统
WO2022162759A1 (fr) * 2021-01-27 2022-08-04 日揮グローバル株式会社 Appareil de production d'ammoniac et procédé de production d'ammoniac

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8272216B2 (en) 2008-02-22 2012-09-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method for converting solar thermal energy
US9506400B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2016-11-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hydrogen generator, ammonia-burning internal combustion engine, and fuel cell
WO2010128682A1 (fr) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Nakamura Norihiko Usine combinée
CN107023445A (zh) * 2017-06-22 2017-08-08 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 一种以二氧化碳为集热工质的塔式太阳能光热发电系统
CN107084103A (zh) * 2017-06-22 2017-08-22 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 一种以二氧化碳为储热及做功工质的塔式太阳能光热发电系统
WO2021203176A1 (fr) * 2020-04-09 2021-10-14 Woodside Energy Technologies Pty Ltd Procédé et installation de traitement d'hydrocarbure à énergie renouvelable
GB2619700A (en) * 2022-06-06 2023-12-20 Catagen Ltd Renewable energy capture, conversion and storage system

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JP2009197733A (ja) 2009-09-03
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ES2363959B2 (es) 2012-09-27
MA32187B1 (fr) 2011-04-01
EG26154A (en) 2013-03-28
IL207472A (en) 2013-02-28
ZA201005919B (en) 2011-03-25
IL207472A0 (en) 2010-12-30
CN101946134B (zh) 2013-04-24
ES2363959A1 (es) 2011-08-22
AU2009216080A1 (en) 2009-08-27
AU2009216080B2 (en) 2011-11-03

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