WO2009103731A1 - Systeme et procede de culture clonale de cellules epitheliales et leurs applications - Google Patents
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0625—Epidermal cells, skin cells; Cells of the oral mucosa
- C12N5/0629—Keratinocytes; Whole skin
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- C12N2503/06—Screening or testing on artificial skin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of cell biology and tissue engineering.
- the invention provides means and methods for evaluating and exploiting the specific properties of a particular epithelial cell present in a biological sample.
- the present invention relates to an epithelial cell culture system, wherein at least one clonal culture is seeded with one and only one epithelial cell directly extracted from a biological sample of epithelial tissue.
- the invention further relates to a method of culturing epithelial cells, comprising at least the steps of: a) extracting one or more epithelial cells directly from a biological sample of epithelial tissue; b) optionally, selecting at least one population and / or subpopulation of epithelial cells from the cells extracted in step a); c) performing a clonal culture seeded with a distinct and unique epithelial cell directly from step a) or b); and d) qualitatively and / or quantitatively assessing cell growth in the clonal culture of step c).
- the invention is directed to the applications of such a system or method.
- In vitro systems and methods for epithelial tissues such as the epidermis have applications in areas as diverse as medical research and clinical development, tissue engineering and toxicology.
- epithelial tissues in particular the epidermis, the cornea, the mucous tissues, etc.
- epidermis the epidermis, the cornea, the mucous tissues, etc.
- epidermis the epidermis, the cornea, the mucous tissues, etc.
- the epidermis constitutes the most superficial structure of the skin and in particular ensures the barrier function. Usually consisting of keratinocytes, it is renewed every 28 days on average. This tissue comprises 4 layers that correspond to the 4 stages of the differentiation program that the keratinocytes undergo during their migration from the basal layer, the deepest, to the stratum corneum, the most overperfective. The continuous physiological process of renewal of the different layers of keratinocytes is called keratinopoiesis.
- the basal layer of the epidermis which has only one cell base, is the germinal compartment. It is at the level of this layer that the proliferation of keratinocytes takes place.
- the basal keratinocytes there is a small proportion of cells called stem cells, which are believed to be responsible for long-term epidermal renewal.
- the immediate offspring of stem cells is called the progenitor population.
- These cells are characterized in particular by a high self-renewal capacity, which the progenitor cells do not possess, and a fortiori the keratinocytes involved in the differentiation.
- an important property of stem cells is to sustainably conserve the potential for regeneration and reconstruction of the epidermal tissue.
- the epidermis thus consists of a heterogeneous set of cells with variable degrees of differentiation (or immaturity). It is generally accepted that basal keratinocytes represent approximately 10% of the whole of the keratinocytes of the epidermis, and the epidermal stem cell compartment only of the order of 0.1%.
- the cellular material routinely collected from cutaneous biopsies, namely all the keratinocytes obtained after dissociation of a sample of epidermis, allows the constitution of cell banks of sufficient size for use on an industrial scale.
- the material used for the constitution of this type of library corresponds to a heterogeneous set of cells, comprising basal keratinocytes having different growth capacities, and supra-basal keratinocytes being differentiated and no longer having growth capacity.
- a conventional method consists in freezing the cells at the end of a single multiplication stage in culture, so as to constitute a stock multiple equivalent ampoules, which are kept in liquid nitrogen. As needed, the ampoules of cells are thawed and placed in culture to perform a second stage of multiplication. At the end of the two successive multiplication steps, the keratinocytes have generally performed in the order of 10 population doublings. This type of approach has been used to analyze the heterogeneity of the growth potential of human keratinocytes (Barrandon and Green, 1987). The authors first made primary cultures derived from the epidermis, which they frozen in liquid nitrogen.
- Subconfluent side crops were prepared from the frozen primary cultures.
- the clones obtained after cloning were classified into three categories: holoclones (fast growing), paraclones (limited growth) and meroclones (intermediate population).
- the keratinocytes conventionally obtained after two successive multiplication steps can be used for the production of reconstructed tissue models. Applying these systems as such to a rare cellular material, such as stem cells, is however impossible on an industrial scale where extensive testing campaigns must be conducted.
- the biological material used in these tests may be: 1) immortalized cell lines; 2) normal cell banks extracted from tissue biopsies and amplified in culture; 3) reconstructed three-dimensional tissues.
- cell populations amplified in vitro are used, which modifies certain properties as a function of the culture parameters applied.
- rare cells such as progenitor cells or epidermal stem cells, these cells are obtained in insufficient quantities from tissue biopsies.
- carcinomas are very heterogeneous tumors, in which a small proportion of tumor stem cells represent a key target for treatment.
- cells having distinct characteristics are mixed in culture, the specific behavior of some of them can be modified or ignored within the mixture. An "average” result is thus observed on all the cells cultured.
- structural and functional properties of a reconstructed epidermis from a heterogeneous global cell population are the result of all the properties of the cells involved.
- An epidermis thus reconstructed can not in any case reflect the specific properties of a single cell.
- the culture conditions applied can more or less severely modify the intrinsic characteristics of the cells. It is well known that placing cells derived from an epithelial tissue in an artificial culture environment leads to modifying their native characteristics. Consequently, epithelial cells used after one or more culture steps represent cell material that is no longer comparable to cells directly derived from a tissue sample. These modifications concern in particular the specific phenotype of the cells studied. For example, it has been shown that culturing human keratinocytes freshly isolated from an epidermis disrupts the expression of adhesion molecules and markers used to define a stem cell phenotype. in a variable manner depending on the culture medium used (Lorenz et al., 2008).
- the present invention responds for the first time to this need by proposing means and methods of culture which (i), by their clonal character, allow access to the individual and specific properties of cells directly derived from pluristratified epithelial tissues, (ii) ) preserve the individual potential of said cells, (iii) are, even when implemented on a large scale, low consumption of cellular material, making them suitable for the study and exploitation on an industrial scale of the least represented cells (stem and progenitor cells), and (iv) allow to reach cell growth levels much higher than those obtained with the known tools.
- an object of the present invention is directed to an optimized clonal epithelial cell culture system for evaluating and exploiting the unique properties of a single cell, wherein a culture support comprises at least one clonal culture seeded with a single epithelial cell directly extracted from a biological sample of epithelial tissue.
- a culture support comprises at least two parallel clonal cultures, each of said cultures being seeded with a distinct and unique epithelial cell directly extracted from said biological sample.
- such a system is in the form of a biochip.
- Clonal cultures seeded in parallel are then for example micro-cultures.
- the biochip may in particular be made from culture plates comprising multiple distinct wells, for example 6, 24, 96 wells or more.
- the biochip may have as support a slide, made of glass or any other suitable material, on which multiple micro-surfaces are created for receiving the cells, for example by a surface treatment allowing the cells to adhere and grow.
- Microchips made on slides can be physically compartmentalised, for example using grids, or chemically, for example following a surface treatment of the slides which prevents the cloned cells from migrating outside their respective micro-culture surfaces.
- Another object of the present invention is an optimized clonally cultured epithelial cell culture method for evaluating and exploiting specific properties of a single cell, comprising at least the steps of: a) extracting one or more epithelial cells directly from a biological sample of epithelial tissue; b) optionally, selecting at least one population and / or subpopulation of epithelial cells from the cells extracted in step a); c) performing a clonal culture seeded with a distinct and unique epithelial cell directly from step a) or b); and d) qualitatively and / or quantitatively assessing cell growth in the clonal culture of step c).
- the cells used in the method of the present invention may be total populations of cells directly extracted from these tissues, and / or subpopulations thereof, sorted on the basis of precise characters.
- the cellular material of step b) may advantageously correspond to one or more subpopulations enriched in progenitors and / or epithelial stem cells.
- step c) (which may be considered as a primary growth step), the cell preparation thus extracted is used to initiate parallel clonal cultures or micro-cultures. It involves inoculating the cells of interest individually under conditions allowing their growth, for example in separate culture wells.
- clonal seeding can be carried out in an automated manner by technologies such as, in particular, flow cytometry or microfluidics.
- step c) comprises the production of at least two parallel clonal cultures, each of said cultures being seeded with a distinct and unique epithelial cell directly derived from step a) or b).
- step d the growth of the cloned cells is analyzed on the basis of one or more quantitative and / or qualitative parameters such as:
- CFE clone-forming efficiency
- the phenotype of the clones degree of differentiation of the cells composing the clones, expression of molecular markers.
- the inventors have been able to observe that the growth potential of the cells cultured according to the clonal culture method of the present invention is higher than that of cells cultured according to conventional procedures (see Example B below). .
- the clonal culture method of the invention comprises at least the steps of: a) extracting one or more epithelial cells as a single cell suspension (s) directly from a biological sample of epithelial tissue; b) selecting at least one population and / or subpopulation of epithelial cells from the cells extracted in step a); c) performing a clonal culture seeded with a distinct and unique epithelial cell from step b); and d) qualitatively and / or quantitatively assessing cell growth in the clonal culture of step c).
- the method which is the subject of the present invention further comprises the step e) of amplifying the cell population of the clonal culture of step c), or its progeny, by one or more subcultures successive.
- the clonal cell libraries that can thus be obtained also represent an object of the present invention. These banks are distinguished from existing banks by the fact that they integrate clonal cell cultures that give them specific structural and functional properties.
- the method according to the invention further comprises the step f) of evaluating the tissue reconstruction potential of the cell population of the clonal culture of step c), or of his offspring. More precisely, step f) preferably consists in using the cell population of the clonal culture of step c), or its progeny, to reconstruct a three-dimensional tissue so as to evaluate its tissue reconstruction potential.
- step f) preferably consists in using the cell population of the clonal culture of step c), or its progeny, to reconstruct a three-dimensional tissue so as to evaluate its tissue reconstruction potential.
- cells derived from the primary clonal cultures or micro-cultures can be taken off their culture support and then used individually for each clone of interest to produce a three-dimensional organotypic culture model (for example, an epithelium, epidermis or reconstructed skin).
- the three-dimensional tissues reconstructed from the clonal cultures that can be obtained at the end of step f) of the process according to the invention form part of the objects of the present invention.
- These tissues are produced according to a new three-dimensional organotypic model because the structural and functional characteristics of the tissue objects of the invention are quite specific insofar as they derive from the properties of a single cell.
- Such tissues are in particular chosen from the various epithelial tissues, the skin and the epidermis.
- biochips comprising at least one tissue as described above constitute another object of the invention.
- These biochips can for example be formed from micro-cultures made within a three-dimensional gel made of a biomaterial compatible with cell growth. It is also possible to envisage systems based on multiple reconstructed three-dimensional micro-tissues, each generated independently directly within the biochip, without prior culture step.
- the method according to the invention further comprises the step g) of evaluating the long-term expansion potential of the cell population of the clonal culture of step c) . More specifically, step g) preferably consists in sub-culturing the cell population of the clonal culture of step c), under conditions promoting cell expansion until the expansion potential is exhausted, so as to evaluate the long-term expansion potential of said cell population.
- cells derived from primary clonal cultures or micro-cultures can be removed from their culture support and then subcultured under conditions that promote their multiplication, until their multiplication potential is exhausted.
- the method according to the invention further comprises the step h) of evaluating the clonogenic potential of the progeny of the cell population of the clonal culture of step c). More specifically, step h) preferably consists in evaluating the clonogenic potential of the progeny of the cell population of the clonal culture of step c), using a quantitative test of the clonogenicity in which one carries out strictly clonal secondary cultures and / or low density cultures allowing the growth of individualized colonies.
- the initial biological sample is a sample of healthy or diseased epithelial tissue, for example obtained by biopsy in a mammal, preferably in humans.
- the tissue sample may be selected from the epithelia, for example the interfollicular epidermis of adult or neonatal human skin, the cornea, the mucous membranes, the hair follicles.
- Samples of diseased epithelial tissue are for example obtained by biopsy of patients with a genetic disease (such as xeroderma pigmentosum, epidermolysis bullosa, etc.), or by cicatricial skin biopsy (especially for burn victims).
- the diseased epithelial tissues may also be tumor tissues (carcinomas, etc.)
- the biological sample may optionally comprise cells derived from the epithelial (in particular keratinopoietic) differentiation of pluripotent stem cells chosen from embryonic, fetal and induced pluripotent stem cells.
- pluripotent stem cells chosen from embryonic, fetal and induced pluripotent stem cells.
- Examples of cells having an epithelial potential derived from fetal stem cells are: cells of the ectodermal embryonic leaflet, cells of the epithelial tissues, keratinocytes, etc.
- Cells with epithelial potential from so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS) are generated by reprogramming cells from adult tissue that may be differentiated cells.
- the epithelial cells directly extracted from the biological sample are healthy or diseased single cells chosen from progenitor cells, stem cells and keratinocytes.
- kits may for example be diagnostic kits, evaluation tests for biological activity, toxicity tests, etc. It is clear to those skilled in the art that the terms "test”, “kit” and, possibly, “system” may be, depending on the context in which they are used herein, equivalent.
- an optimized clonal epithelial cell culture system for evaluating and exploiting the specific properties of a single cell comprises, in the context of the invention, a culture support in which least one Clonal culture is seeded with a single epithelial cell directly extracted from a biological sample of epithelial tissue according to steps a) through c) of the previously described method.
- the present invention also relates to the applications of the method and uses of the various means (system, kit, cell bank, tissue, biochip) described above.
- An “agent” can be a candidate molecule that is tested for its biological activity and that is selected according to the applications, said activity being able to be positive (eg, for the selection of effectors of pharmaceutical interest, therapeutic, cosmetic, etc.) or negative (eg, for the selection of toxic molecules).
- an “agent” may be of a non-chemical nature, for example UV rays, visible light, ionizing radiation, magnetic waves, etc. ;
- RNAs interfering RNAs, overexpression and / or repression vectors, viral or non-viral, and the like.
- agents having a biological activity such as molecules of pharmaceutical or cosmetic interest, and / or to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments using such agents (molecules or other types of stimuli, for example waves, light, radiation, physical parameters, etc.).
- test effectors likely 1) to induce multiplication of stem cells or progenitor of pluristratified epithelial tissues, 2) to promote maintenance of the stump character in culture in the offspring of isolated stem cells;
- Biochip technology parallel / massively parallel models of quantification and qualification of biological responses. - Functional genomic screens on two-dimensional cell cultures and / or three-dimensional organotypic models.
- FIG. 2 graphical representation of the results of a long-term expansion experiment for the production of multiple keratinocyte libraries, each resulting from the progeny of a single cell;
- FIG. 5 results of an experiment in which the long-term cultures initiated from strong Itgoc6 basal keratinocytes, which were placed in culture individually, were quantified;
- FIG. 6 graphical representation of the results of an experiment in which the impact of irradiation on epidermal keratinocytes of distinct phenotypes was quantified on the scale of the single isolated cell
- FIG. 7 results of an experiment in which the functional test of parallel clonal micro-cultures was used to evaluate the consequences of an irradiation carried out on an isolated cell, on the growth potential of its offspring, and in which we compared the behavior of epidermal keratinocytes of distinct phenotypes;
- FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C result of a search for chromosome 10 abnormalities by CGH chips: o Descendance of two non-irradiated keratinocytes: K1 and K2 o Descendancy of an irradiated keratinocyte: K3.
- Tissue biopsies which are in the examples described herein, of adult human skin biopsies, were first decontaminated, for example by dipping into a skin. physiological solution containing betadine. In order to allow separation between the epithelial tissue and the associated connective tissue (in this case, epidermis and dermis), the samples were then incubated in an enzyme solution at 4 ° C for 10 to 15 hours (Gibco trypsin). At the end of this stage of
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Enzymatic digestion, the tissue samples were dissected using fine forceps, so as to isolate the epithelial part of the tissue (here, the interfollicular epidermis).
- the enzymatic treatment completed by a step of mechanical dissociation by aspiration and discharge using a pipette, extracts the keratinocytes that make up the fragments of epithelia.
- the cell suspension was finally filtered through a sieve of 50-70 micron mesh size (BD Falcon) to remove cell aggregates.
- the cell samples are in the form of single-cell suspensions, which can be used for seeding clonal cultures.
- the epithelial cells (keratinocytes obtained from interfollicular epidermis) were studied under clonal conditions in a culture system using as a support a feeder layer of fibroblasts rendered incapable of multiplication by gamma irradiation at a dose of 60 Grays.
- these cells remained static but alive, and they supported the growth of the epithelial cells studied.
- These fibroblasts can in particular be extracted from the dermal part of cutaneous biopsies.
- dermal fragments were incubated in an enzymatic solution consisting of a mixture of dispase (Roche) and collagenase (Roche) for 2 to 4 hours at 37 ° C.
- Enzyme digestion combined with mechanical agitation, allows the extraction of fibroblasts. After removal of the undigested tissue fragments by sieving (BD Falcon) and washing, the resulting fibroblasts were cultured in a medium composed of 90% DMEM (Gibco) and 10% original serum. bovine (Gibco), to be amplified. After multiplication in culture, the fibroblasts were irradiated and then frozen to be stored until use.
- DMEM fetalarcomas
- the epithelial cells used to illustrate certain embodiments of the invention are keratinocytes with a high level of expression of the ⁇ 6 integrin (Itga ⁇ or CD49 ⁇ and low level of expression of the transferrin receptor (CD71): Itga6 phenotype Box fa ⁇ ble CD71.
- cell samples were placed in suspension in physiological saline buffer (PBS) supplemented with 2% bovine serum albumin ( SAB) (Sigma), then incubated for 10 minutes at 4 ° C with mouse immunoglobulins (Jackson Immuno-Research), in order to saturate the nonspecific sites of antibody binding .
- PBS physiological saline buffer
- SAB bovine serum albumin
- the labeling of CD49f and CD71 antigens was then carried out by addition of specific antibodies coupled to fluorochromes, then incubation for 30 minutes at 4 ° C: anti-CD49f-PE (phycoerythrin) (clone GoH3, BD Pharmi ngen) and anti-CD71-APC (allophycocyanin) (clone M-A712, BD Pharmingen). After washing the excess antibodies, the samples were ready to be used for seeding the clonal cultures.
- PBS physiological saline buffer
- SAB bovine serum albumin
- the keratinocyte clonal micro-cultures were inoculated in an automated manner using a flow cytometer equipped with a cloning module (MoFIo, Cytomation).
- the excitation of the fluorochromes coupled to the labeling antibodies was performed using a 488 nm argon laser (Coherent) and a 630 nm laser diode.
- the signals emitted by phycoerythrin (PE) and allophycocyanin (APC) were respectively detected and quantified in wavelength windows of 580 ⁇ 30 nm and 670 ⁇ 30 nm.
- the sorting criterion chosen in this case corresponded to keratinocytes having the ITGA6 strong fa ⁇ ble CD71 phenotype and representative of the order of 1% of total keratinocytes: keratinocytes subpopulation described as being enriched in epidermal stem cells (Li et al. , 1998).
- clonal micro-cultures of keratinocytes were made in culture plates comprising 96 wells in which type I collagen (Biocoat, Becton-Dickinson) was adsorbed. The day before seeding the epithelial cells under clonal conditions, a feeder layer of irradiated fibroblasts was placed in the culture wells. These support cells were seeded at a density of 6000 cells / cm 2 .
- the culture medium used for the growth of keratinocytes was based on a mixture of DMEM medium (Gibco) and Ham F12 medium (Gibco), supplemented with serum of bovine origin (Hyclone).
- This basal medium was in particular supplemented with EGF (Chemicon), insulin (Sigma), hydrocortisone (Sigma), adenine (Sigma), triiodothyronine (Sigma), L -glutamine (Gibco), and with a solution of antibiotics and antimycotics (Gibco).
- the tissue reconstruction potential of the progeny of keratinocytes initially placed in culture individually has been demonstrated in an epidermal reconstruction model on dead human dermis epidermis (Régnier et al., 1986).
- human skin samples were incubated for 10 days at 37 ° C in PBS buffer, in order to detach the epidermis, which was removed.
- Dermis samples without epidermis were cut into squares of about 1 cm 2 . They then underwent several successive freezing / thawing cycles which led to the killing of the dermal cells.
- the acellular dermas obtained were stored at -20 ° C. until use.
- the process of reconstructing a three-dimensional epidermis consisted of two stages of successive cultures.
- the cell samples from the clonal micro-cultures were first seeded on the dermal supports and cultured for 1 week in immersion in a comparable culture medium. Similar to that used for primary clonal culture (example of composition described above).
- the second step of the epidermal reconstruction process was to place the epidermis in formation at the interface between the liquid medium and the ambient air of the incubator.
- the culture was then continued for 1 to 2 weeks to achieve complete differentiation.
- the histological features of the reconstructed three-dimensional tissues were visualized after fixation, cutting, and hemalum-eosin-saffron (HES) staining.
- HES hemalum-eosin-saffron
- the keratinocytes derived from the clonal micro-cultures were removed by trypsination (Gibco) and then placed in mass culture, individually for each clone studied. These cultures were carried out on plastic surfaces on which type I collagen was adsorbed (for example Petri dishes, Biocoat, Becton-Dickinson).
- the culture conditions were equivalent to those used for primary clonal growth: feeder layer of irradiated fibroblasts, culture medium of similar composition. After one week, the cultures reached 50% to 80% confluence.
- the keratinocytes were then removed by trypsination, counted and then reseeded at a density of 2000 to 3000 cells / cm 2 , under identical conditions.
- N Number of cells obtained at the end of the culture step.
- CFE colony-forming efficiency
- CFE % of cells capable of giving birth to a colony (low density culture situation) or to a clone (single cell cultures per well). * * Average calculated on 3 experiments carried out from independent samples. * ** Non-exclusively.
- C-1 Materials and methods - Extraction of keratinocytes from an epidermis resulting from an adult skin biopsy (breast reduction), dissociation and suspension. - Marking of keratinocytes in suspension using antibodies coupled to fluorochromes making it possible to sort a "stem" cell phenotype (high level of expression of the ⁇ 6 (Itg ⁇ ) integrin and weak level of expression of the transferrin receptor (CD71): Itga6 strong phenotype CD71 weak ; selection model: Li et al., 1998).
- the 5 clones selected consisted of 8.64 ⁇ 10 4 to 1.1 ⁇ 10 5 keratinocytes, which is equivalent to 16.40 to 16.86 successive cell generations made since the cloned single cell stage. .
- - 1 clone generated a cumulative progeny of 8.48x10 12 keratinocytes in 8 weeks of multiplication in culture (No. 1), which is equivalent to a cumulative average population of 42.95 doublings.
- - 2 clones generated a cumulative progeny of 6.36x10 11 and 2.4x10 11 keratinocytes (No. 2 and No. 3), which equates to 39.21 and 37.80 mean doublings of population, respectively.
- - 1 clone generated cumulative progeny of 2.03x10 10 keratinocytes in 6 weeks of multiplication in culture (No. 4), which is equivalent to a cumulative 34.24 average population doublings.
- - 1 clone generated a cumulative progeny of 2.15x10 9 keratinocytes in 6 weeks of multiplication in culture (No. 5), which equates to a cumulative 31, 00 average population doublings.
- the model of parallel clonal micro-cultures in accordance with the present invention represents a technology making it possible to generate, in a standardized manner, multiple keratinocyte libraries, each derived from the offspring of a single cell directly isolated from a tissue sample.
- D-2 Results A cohort of 5 cell clones was tested for the individual ability of each clone to generate a reconstructed three-dimensional epidermis.
- the experiment was carried out at a stage of growth of the clones equivalent to that described in the embodiment example No. 1 (multiplication corresponding to -16 to 17 successive cell generations).
- the 5 clones tested were found to be capable of producing an epidermis having an organization representative of that of a native epidermis.
- the technology of parallel clonal micro-cultures according to the invention makes it possible to produce reconstructed series of epidermis whose particularity is to be each derived from the offspring of a single cell, whereas the models conventionally used for campaigns large scale tests are generated from banks derived from a mixture of cells.
- the reconstructed epidermis produced according to the method that is the subject of the present invention is generated from a cloned cell immediately after extraction from the tissue, and not after a multiplication step in culture, capable of modifying its characteristics.
- the clones were used for epidermal reconstruction at a growth stage corresponding to -16 to 17 successive cell generations.
- epidermal reconstructions may be performed from an earlier or later stage of growth of the cloned cells.
- the culture model according to the present invention thus provides an original functional test for qualifying the organogenesis potential of initially cultured cells individually, immediately following selection from the tissue. It offers the possibility to evaluate the impact of a stimulus or stress at different stages of growth of cells placed in culture in isolation, and to study the consequences on the capacity for tissue reconstruction in the short or medium term after treatment.
- E- 1 Materials and methods - Extraction of keratinocytes from an epidermis resulting from an adult skin biopsy (breast reduction), dissociation and suspension.
- the technology of parallel clonal micro-cultures makes it possible to precisely estimate the individual clonogenic capacity of the cells of a sample of interest, in this exemplary embodiment a preparation of basal keratinocytes of the epidermis.
- the method is resolutive in defining a clonal growth profile providing a representative functional signature of a tissue, or a sub-localization within a tissue, in this case the basal layer of tissue. the adult human interfollicular epidermis.
- the system makes it possible to distinguish, within a cell sample of interest, cells having distinct potentialities, as a function of their clonal growth capacity in the short term.
- the culture model according to the present invention thus provides an original functional test for estimating the clonogenic capacity of cohorts of cells placed in culture individually.
- One possible application is the development of quality checks carried out at the individual cell scale to evaluate the functionality (or non-functionality) of cellular samples of interest, compared to a validated reference.
- the clonal micro-culture system further provides the ability to generate cell samples from a single cell, each individually corresponding to a precisely defined short-term proliferation capability.
- Another possible application is to use the system for conducting studies to analyze the short-term functional consequences of a treatment (beneficial or toxic) applied at the individual cell level.
- Use of the parallel clonal micro-culture model to characterize the long-term growth potential of keratinocytes of a sample of interest involves detecting the presence of keratinocytes having one of the functional properties associated with epidermal stem cells, namely the ability to perform at least 100 population doublings in culture (FIG. 5).
- the parallel clonal micro-culture technology makes it possible to precisely estimate the extent of the long-term growth potential of the cells of a sample of interest, in this exemplary embodiment a preparation of basal keratinocytes of 'epidermis.
- the method is resolutive to distinguish a posteriori clones generated from a stem cell, thanks to their ability to accumulate at least 100 population doublings, clones from a progenitor cell, whose long-term proliferation capacity is more limited, usually between 30 and 80 population doublings.
- the system makes it possible to generate cell samples corresponding to the progeny of stem cells and progenitor cells, the properties of which can be studied and compared with different phases of their long-term proliferation.
- the culture model according to the present invention thus provides an original functional test for qualifying the long-term growth potential of cells initially placed in culture individually. For example, it offers the possibility of estimating the regenerative potential of a sample, in particular by evaluating the presence (or absence) of stem cells.
- One possible use is to conduct studies to analyze the long-term functional consequences of a treatment (beneficial or toxic) applied at the individual cell level.
- the percentage of keratinocytes with a strong CD71 Itg ⁇ 6 phenotype giving rise to a clone was lowered by 70.3% (control condition) at 47.3% (irradiation 2 Gy), which made it possible to estimate the maintenance of the clonogenic capacity of these cells at 67.3%.
- the size of the clones produced also did not prove to be a criterion making it possible to clearly distinguish the two types of keratinocytes studied.
- the keratinocytes of the two phenotypes have been shown to be capable of generating a large proportion of large clones, comprising at least 5 ⁇ 10 4 keratinocytes.
- the analysis of the size distributions of the clones obtained provided parameters making it possible to clearly distinguish the specific irradiation responses of the keratinocytes from distinct phenotypes. - Moderate reduction of the capacity of Itg ⁇ 6 strong keratinocytes CD71 weak clones to generate large clones following irradiation (median size of the clones in control condition: 10.1x10 4 cells / clone, median size for the irradiated group: 6 8x10 4 cells / clone).
- the model of parallel clonal micro-cultures according to the invention is efficient for analyzing the growth capacity of keratinocytes of specific phenotypes at the level of the individual cell. Indeed, the clonogenic efficiency values obtained in this model, reaching 60 to 70% of the cloned cells, prove to be much higher than what is generally described in conventional culture systems, concerning keratinocytes directly derived from a biopsy of tissue, for which the values are of the order of 10%.
- This model is also effective to detect, qualify and quantify a deleterious effect on the cell growth potential.
- This example illustrates the ability of the system to be enhanced by the development of in vitro tests of radio-toxicology.
- EXAMPLE 6 Use of the functional test of parallel clonal micro-cultures to evaluate the consequences of the irradiation of a single cell on the growth potential of its offspring. Comparison of the behavior of epidermal keratinocytes of distinct phenotypes ( Figure 7).
- the model of parallel clonal micro-cultures according to the present invention is adapted to highlight, qualify and quantify the non-immediate consequences of irradiation carried out on keratinocytes studied individually.
- the effect deleterious highlighted was a loss of growth capacity measured on the progeny of cells placed in clonal culture.
- genomic DNA samples corresponding to a late stage of long-term proliferation in this case the cultures having made about 150 doublings of population after clonal sowing.
- search for genome zones presenting deletion and / or amplification anomalies by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) versus reference DNA (CGH Constitutional Chip ® 4.0 chips, PerkinElmer, Inc. according to the method recommended by the manufacturer).
- Grays results in the acquisition of chromosomal abnormalities transmitted to offspring, which are found to be detectable by a large number of cell divisions after application of genotoxic stress (Figure 8).
- an amplification of a 44.3 mega-base locus located on chromosome 10 is detected at the level of the DNA of the offspring.
- a keratinocyte 150 doublings of population after it has been irradiated.
- the clonal micro-culture technology makes it possible to subject individual epidermal basal keratinocytes to genotoxic stress, in this case gamma irradiation, and then to evaluate the long-term consequences on the offspring.
- genotoxic stress in this case gamma irradiation
- the method is valid for analysis at the clonal level, the impact of stress on the genome integrity of basal keratinocytes.
- the system makes it possible to demonstrate a genotoxic effect of gamma irradiation on keratinocytes derived from the basal layer of the epidermis.
- the culture model according to the present invention thus provides an original system for performing toxicology tests at the individual cell scale. It offers, for example, the possibility of characterizing the individual sensitivity of basal keratinocytes of the epidermis to genotoxic agents.
- One possible use is the performance of tests aiming at detecting the occurrence of genome defects such as deletions and / or amplifications, as a result of exposure to a toxin, and analyzing their transmission to the offspring during successive cell divisions, particularly in the long term.
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP09711589A EP2250253A1 (fr) | 2008-02-19 | 2009-02-18 | Systeme et procede de culture clonale de cellules epitheliales et leurs applications |
US12/918,028 US20120264623A2 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2009-02-18 | System and method for the clonal culture of epithelial cells and applications thereof |
JP2010547167A JP2011512146A (ja) | 2008-02-19 | 2009-02-18 | 上皮細胞のクローン培養のための系および方法 |
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FR0851054A FR2927633B1 (fr) | 2008-02-19 | 2008-02-19 | Systeme et procede de culture clonale de cellules epitheliales et leurs applications. |
FR0851054 | 2008-02-19 |
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US (1) | US20120264623A2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2250253A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2011512146A (fr) |
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WO2012168167A1 (fr) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-13 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Procédé de différenciation de cellules souches pluripotentes en cellules du lit vasculaire |
RU2466680C1 (ru) * | 2011-10-03 | 2012-11-20 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Витацел" | Способ диагностики состояния кожи пациента (варианты) |
JP6182728B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-02 | 2017-08-23 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 幹細胞を標的とした薬効及び毒性の評価法 |
US20150301028A1 (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-22 | Q-State Biosciences, Inc. | Analysis of compounds for pain and sensory disorders |
US10048275B2 (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2018-08-14 | Q-State Biosciences, Inc. | Cardiotoxicity screening methods |
WO2016187543A1 (fr) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-11-24 | Q-State Biosciences, Inc. | Microscope optogénétique |
US11285177B2 (en) | 2018-01-03 | 2022-03-29 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Allografts containing viable cells and methods thereof |
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- 2009-02-18 EP EP09711589A patent/EP2250253A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-02-18 US US12/918,028 patent/US20120264623A2/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (8)
Title |
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BARRANDON Y ET AL: "THREE CLONAL TYPES OF KERATINOCYTE WITH DIFFERENT CAPACITIES FOR MULTIPLICATION", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF USA, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, WASHINGTON, DC.; US, vol. 84, no. 8, 1 April 1987 (1987-04-01), pages 2302 - 2306, XP001155024, ISSN: 0027-8424 * |
CLAUDINOT STÉPHANIE ET AL: "Long-term renewal of hair follicles from clonogenic multipotent stem cells.", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 11 OCT 2005, vol. 102, no. 41, 11 October 2005 (2005-10-11), pages 14677 - 14682, XP002527264, ISSN: 0027-8424 * |
FORTUNEL N -O ET AL: "Parallel clonal microcultures of keratinocytes reveal the functional hierarchy of the basal layer of human epidermis", JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY, vol. 129, no. 3, March 2009 (2009-03-01), & ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE FRENCH-SPEAKING-SOCIETY-FOR-DERMATOLOGICAL-RES EARCH; TOULOUSE, FRANCE; SEPTEMBER 12-13, 2008, pages 809, XP002527099, ISSN: 0022-202X * |
GANGATIRKAR PRADNYA ET AL: "Establishment of 3D organotypic cultures using human neonatal epidermal cells", NATURE PROTOCOLS, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, UK, vol. 2, no. 1, 8 February 2007 (2007-02-08), pages 178 - 186, XP009110487, ISSN: 1750-2799 * |
LARDERET GAELLE ET AL: "Human side population keratinocytes exhibit long-term proliferative potential and a specific gene expression profile and can form a pluristratified epidermis", STEM CELLS (MIAMISBURG), vol. 24, no. 4, April 2006 (2006-04-01), pages 965 - 974, XP002509885, ISSN: 1066-5099 * |
See also references of EP2250253A1 * |
TORISAWA YU-SUKE ET AL: "Regulation and characterization of the polarity of cells embedded in a reconstructed basement matrix using a three-dimensional micro-culture system", BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, vol. 97, no. 3, June 2007 (2007-06-01), pages 615 - 621, XP002509886, ISSN: 0006-3592 * |
VAN ROSSUM MICHELLE M ET AL: "Functional characterization of beta1-integrin-positive epidermal cell populations.", ACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA,, vol. 84, no. 4, 2004, pages 265 - 270, XP002509884 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2927633B1 (fr) | 2012-07-13 |
FR2927633A1 (fr) | 2009-08-21 |
JP2011512146A (ja) | 2011-04-21 |
US20120264623A2 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
EP2250253A1 (fr) | 2010-11-17 |
US20100331197A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
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