WO2009100583A1 - 近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的大型锻模 - Google Patents

近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的大型锻模 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009100583A1
WO2009100583A1 PCT/CN2008/000324 CN2008000324W WO2009100583A1 WO 2009100583 A1 WO2009100583 A1 WO 2009100583A1 CN 2008000324 W CN2008000324 W CN 2008000324W WO 2009100583 A1 WO2009100583 A1 WO 2009100583A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
forging
die
forging die
block
cavity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/000324
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hua Zhang
Junqing Ye
Yongan Wu
Yuming Xia
Zhiqi Liu
Eryun Mo
Original Assignee
Guizhou Anda Aviation Forging Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guizhou Anda Aviation Forging Co., Ltd. filed Critical Guizhou Anda Aviation Forging Co., Ltd.
Priority to PCT/CN2008/000324 priority Critical patent/WO2009100583A1/zh
Publication of WO2009100583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009100583A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/32—Making machine elements wheels; discs discs, e.g. disc wheels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a forging die, and more particularly to a large forging die for near-isothermal forging of nickel-base superalloy disc forgings. Background technique
  • the content of Mo is 2.80% ⁇ 3. 30%, including, the content of C is 0. 01% ⁇ 0. 060%, the content of Cr is 17.00% ⁇ 2 1 .
  • the amount of Nb is 4. 75% ⁇ 5. 50%, the amount of T i is 0. 75% ⁇ 1. 15%, the amount of A 1 is 0. 30% ⁇ 0. 70%, and the amount of N i is 50. 00 % ⁇ 55. 00% and a high-temperature alloy containing other elements and a balance of F e have high strength.
  • the alloy has high strength and a narrow deformation temperature range, which results in large deformation resistance and makes forging difficult. .
  • the forging die When forging the disc forgings such as large turbine disks and compressor discs of aero-engines of the alloy by near-isothermal forging, the forging die needs to be heated to a high temperature and close to the temperature of the forging blank due to the high flow stress of the material. When used, the surface of the forging die is subjected to a large stress.
  • the drawing of the Chinese Invention Patent Specification CN 10 103693 1 A published on September 19, 2007 discloses a structure of a near isothermal forging die of a superalloy disc-shaped forging which is composed of an upper forging die and a lower forging die.
  • the upper and lower forging dies are all integral mold structures, that is, the upper and lower forging dies are each processed by one module.
  • the use of integral molds to produce disc-shaped forgings is generally only applicable to small and medium-sized forgings with a diameter less than ⁇ 600 mm and a relatively low heating temperature.
  • the use of integral die forging increases the difficulty of forging due to the following technical problems:
  • the convex or concave portion of the center of the upper and lower forging dies at the intermediate position of the mold cavity is subjected to a relatively large amount of stress due to the relatively concentrated heat, so that the portion is easily worn out and the service life of the entire mold is shortened.
  • the portion of the lower forging die is in the shape of a convex shape, since the forged piece is wrapped by the forging after the forging is formed, the protruding portion is subjected to a large forging stress, so that the forging die is not easily taken out, and the protruding portion is more worn out. Fast; and due to the stress applied to the convex portion, the other portions of the forging die integrated with the convex portion are also subjected to stress and the forging die is lost;
  • Forging die materials are cast high-temperature alloys, which are used when manufacturing large forging dies.
  • the large vacuum melting furnace smelting and pouring the forging die material.
  • the weight of the forging die required is up to 2000kg or more.
  • the weight of the forging die and the pouring and the riser are added together during casting.
  • Large-scale vacuum melting furnace of more than 5000kg is required for casting and forming, which requires high molding of the furnace; large forging die is difficult to manufacture and process, and the cost is high.
  • the casting characteristics of the cast superalloy itself determines the high scrap rate of the mold castings, which causes the waste of a large amount of expensive high-temperature alloy materials.
  • the high-temperature alloys are difficult to process materials and the mold body is larger, which increases the processing difficulty of the molds, resulting in high manufacturing cost of the molds;
  • the overall forging die has poor interchangeability.
  • a shape of the forging piece needs to provide a set of molds.
  • the mold is additionally provided, and when a part of the mold is partially damaged, the entire mold is scrapped. , causing the consumption and waste of mold materials to be more serious. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a large forging die for manufacturing and using a relatively near-isothermally forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging, which has a long service life and is easy to take out forgings.
  • the large forging die of the gold disk forging has an upper forging die and a lower forging die, and the upper forging die and the lower forging die are closed after clamping a forging cavity, and the upper forging die and the lower forging die are respectively assembled by a plurality of modules
  • the upper forging die is assembled by assembling the upper die block into a center ring hole formed by stacking the upper die block and the upper die face block.
  • the lower forging die is formed by first assembling the lower die face piece in the outer casing and then stacking the lower oblique die body of the lower die core block into the lower die face block and the lower die.
  • the upper forging die and the lower forging die are assembled in the center ring hole formed by the seat to form a forging cavity of the forging die.
  • an inner annular surface is formed at a lower portion of the forging cavity, and the inner annular surface is formed by a main oblique cylinder of a lower die block head, and The sub-oblique column in which the main oblique cylinders meet is separated from the lower forging die along the lower side of the inner annular surface.
  • a center annular surface is provided at the center of the forging cavity, and the center annular surface is a top oblique column of the head of the lower core block. Formed by the body, the top oblique cylinder cooperates with a circular groove on the bottom surface of the upper core block.
  • the upper die is assembled by fitting the upper core block into the center ring hole of the upper die holder, and the upper die block is divided into left and right
  • the lower forging die is assembled by fitting the head of the lower core block into a central ring hole formed by stacking the outer casing and the lower die base, and the upper forging die and the lower forging die are combined.
  • a forging cavity of the forging die is formed after the die.
  • the forging cavity is completely closed by the upper forging die and the lower forging die and the drafting angle of the upper forging die in the forging cavity is larger than that of the lower forging die a mold inclination; when the forging die is used for forging a solid disc forging, the upper and lower profiles of the forging cavity are spaced apart; the material for manufacturing the large forging die is a cast superalloy;
  • the forged disc-shaped forging has an outer diameter larger than ⁇ 800 ⁇ .
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows. -
  • the large forging die of the near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging according to the present invention improves the overall forging die and the lower forging die respectively by a plurality of
  • the combined mold assembled by the split module decomposes the overall weight of the mold into the weight of a single split module.
  • the structure of the single split module is simplified and lighter than the overall mold structure, which is beneficial to the casting of the forging die.
  • the large forging die according to the present invention is split and protruded in the center of the upper and lower forging die at the intermediate position of the mold cavity, so that the post-forging stress is relatively concentrated on the upper core after the split.
  • the loss of the forging die is mainly due to the loss of the upper core block and the lower core block, and the other parts of the forging die which are branched from the upper or lower mold core block are
  • the stress is reduced to reduce the loss, that is, the loss of the forging die is improved from the overall loss to the local loss relative to the integral forging die, so in the face of the loss of the forging die, only the local loss is required.
  • the core block or the lower core block is replaced without the entire forging die Waste, therefore, the service life of the forging die is improved as a whole.
  • the forged lower plate The inner annular surface encloses the main oblique cylinder of the head of the lower core block and is adhered to the lower core block, and the inner annular surface of the lower part of the forging cavity of the large forging die of the structure is in the lower core block while the main oblique cylinder of the head is formed, the auxiliary oblique cylinder that is in contact with the main oblique cylinder is separated from the lower forging die along the lower side of the inner annular surface, so that the forging is completely lowered after forming
  • the stress on the forging die is concentrated on the lower core block, so that the loss of the lower forging die is concentrated on the lower core block.
  • the loss of the whole forging die is mainly due to the loss of the core block; and the forging is stuck under On the core block, the ejector on the forging press can easily release the forging by simply supporting the block under the forging after the lower core is ejected.
  • the forging die adopts a completely closed die forging structure, that is, no burr structure is designed at the joint of the upper and lower forging dies, and the forging cavity is completely closed by the upper forging die and the lower forging die, and the forging is refined to realize Precision die forging with less allowance, reducing the consumption of expensive superalloy materials.
  • the forging die is a combination of split modules.
  • partial split modules can be used interchangeably or interchangeably after machining, and the versatility of the mold base and the outer casing is strong. , which increases the efficiency of its use, thus saving mold costs.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of a first large forging die of a near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging along its center line.
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of a second large forging die of a near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging along its center line.
  • Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of a third large forging die of a near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging along its center line.
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of a fourth large forging die of a near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging along its center line.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing a state in which the forging die shown in Fig. 1 is loaded into a press forging a forging.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing the state of the forging die forging shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing a state in which the forging die shown in Fig. 6 is separated from the forging.
  • Figure 8 is the first large-sized disc forging that is forged from the forging die shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of a second large-sized disc forging which is forged by the forging die shown in Figure 2 along its center line.
  • Figure 10 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of a third large-sized disc forging which is forged by the forging die shown in Figure 3 along its center line.
  • Figure 11 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of a fourth large-sized disk forging which is forged by the forging die shown in Figure 4 along its center line. Symbol Description
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section structure of a first large forging die of a near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging along its center line, the forging die consisting of an upper forging die 11 and a lower forging die 12, said upset The die 11 and the lower die 12 are respectively assembled by a plurality of modules. '
  • the upper forging die 11 is composed of an upper die holder 14, an upper core block 13, and an upper die face 15.
  • the upper mold base 14 has a circular ring structure and has a ring 14 a larger than the inner annular surface at a position where the top of the annular surface of the mold base intersects the upper end surface thereof;
  • the upper core block 13 has a cylindrical structure, The upper portion of the outer peripheral surface intersects with the upper end surface thereof, and has a convex ring 13 a with a tapered circular groove 13 b in the middle of the bottom end surface thereof;
  • the upper mold surface block 15 has an annular structure and has a slope on the bottom end surface thereof.
  • the raised ring 15 a the inner and outer annular faces of the upper die holder 14 and the upper die face 15 are aligned and bolted together, and the upper core block 13 can be fitted into the upper die holder 14 and the upper die.
  • the inner ring surface formed by the dough piece 15 and the convex ring 13 a on the outer peripheral surface of the upper core block 13 are just caught in the ring 14 a at the top of the inner ring surface of the upper die holder 14 , and the top surface of the upper core block 13 With the upper mold
  • the top surface of the seat 14 is flush.
  • the lower forging die 12 is composed of a jacket 17, a lower die face block 18, a lower die holder 19, and a lower die block 10.
  • the outer casing 17 has a circular structure with a slope at the upper middle portion of the inner annular surface, and a ring 17 a larger than the inner annular surface at a position where the lower portion of the inner annular surface intersects the bottom surface thereof;
  • the lower mold base 19 is a circular ring structure having a slope on the inner ring surface;
  • the lower die face block 18 is a circular ring structure having a slope on the inner ring surface, and a position greater than the outer ring surface at the position where the outer ring surface intersects the bottom end surface thereof toroidal ring projection 18 a, the top surface of the curved surface of the block is substantially composed of three stepped surface; inner surface 17 of the outer surface of the lower mold block just caught outer surface 18, the lower mold block 18 outer face the bottom of the annulus ring 18 a right protrusion card at the bottom inner surface 17 of the
  • the outer annular surface of the outer casing 17 is flush with the outer annular surface of the lower mold base 19, and the outer casing 17 is bolted to the lower mold base 19;
  • the lower core block 10 is "convex" column-shaped body and a head-cylindrical head portion at its bottom end 10 d of the center of the tail assembly of the head of the column with three slope 10 a, 10 b and 10 e
  • the cylinder 10 of the head of the lower core block 10 is mounted in the inner annular surface composed of the lower mold block 18 and the lower mold base 19, and the inclination direction of the joint portion is uniform, and the lower core block 10 can be placed under The die block 18 and the lower die holder 19 move up and down.
  • the upper forging die 11 and the lower forging die 12 are molded into a single mold to constitute the first large forging die of the disk-shaped forging described in the present invention.
  • the outer ring surface of the convex ring 15 a at the bottom end of the upper die block 15 of the upper forging die 11 is fastened to the upper ring surface of the outer casing 17 of the lower forging die 12, and the inclination direction of the joint portion thereof is uniform; the upper end of the cylinder block 10 of the head 10 a of the core, with the same direction of inclination 13 with the circular fitting groove 13 B of the bottom surface of the upper mold core blocks; upper forging die 11 and the lower die 12 surrounded between The cavity is the cavity 16 of the disc forging. In the cavity 16, the draft angle of the upper forging die 11 is greater than the draft angle of the lower forging die 12.
  • the forging die is not designed with a burr structure where the upper forging die 11 and the lower forging die 12 are fitted, and the forging cavity 16 is completely closed by the upper and lower forging dies 11 and 12.
  • FIG 8 shows a forging using a forging shown in Figure 1 of a first disc-shaped forging large vertical cross-sectional configuration along its centerline 016, and identifies the inner ring of the lower surface of the plate 016 a.
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of a second large forging die of a near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging along its centerline, the forging die from the upper forging die 21 and the lower
  • the forging die 22 is composed of the upper forging die 2 1 and the lower forging die 22 respectively assembled by a plurality of modules.
  • the upper forging die 2 1 is composed of an upper die holder 24, an upper die block 23, and an upper die face block 25.
  • the upper mold base 24 has a circular ring structure and has a ring 24 a larger than the inner annular surface at a position where the top of the annular surface of the mold base intersects the upper end surface thereof ;
  • the upper mold core block 23 has a cylindrical shape structure, The upper portion of the outer peripheral surface intersects with the upper end surface thereof to have a convex ring 23 3 ;
  • the upper mold surface block 25 has an annular structure, and has a sloped convex ring 25 a on the bottom end surface thereof ;
  • the upper mold base 24 and the upper mold surface block The inner and outer toroids of the 25 are aligned and bolted together, and the upper core block 23 can fit into the inner annular surface composed of the upper mold base 24 and the upper mold surface block 25 and the outer core block 23 is peripherally a ring portion 23 of the projection surface of the loop just stuck in the top of the
  • the lower forging die 22 is composed of a jacket 27, a lower die block 28, a lower die holder 29, and a lower die block 20.
  • the outer casing 27 has a circular ring structure with a slope at the upper middle portion of the inner annular surface, and a ring ring ⁇ ', which is larger than the inner annular surface, at a position where the lower portion of the inner annular surface intersects the bottom surface thereof, and the lower mold base 29
  • the inner ring surface has a slope
  • the lower die surface block 28 is a circular ring structure
  • the inner ring surface has a slope, and a position at the position where the outer ring surface intersects the bottom end surface thereof is larger than projection 28 of ring a of its outer surface, a top surface of the curved surface of the block is substantially composed of three stepped surface; just coat the inner surface 27 of the outer surface of the lower mold surface to trap the block 28, the lower die face block the outer surface of the bottom ring 28 the projections 28 a just stuck
  • the outer annular surface of the outer casing 27 is flush with the outer annular surface of the lower mold base 29, and the outer casing 27 is bolted to the lower mold base 29;
  • the lower core block 20 has a cross section. large head-cylindrical head portion at its bottom end and a smaller center section of the D-cylindrical tail portion 20 composed of the cylinder head 20, two tapered b and 20;
  • the cylinder 20 e of the head of the lower core block 20 is mounted in the inner annular surface composed of the lower die block 28 and the lower die block 29, and the inclination direction of the joint portion is uniform, the lower core
  • the block 20 is movable up and down within the lower die block 28 and the lower die block 29.
  • the upper forging die 2 1 and the lower forging die 22 are molded into a set of molds to constitute a second large forging die of the disk-shaped forging described in the present invention.
  • the outer ring surface of the convex ring 25 a at the bottom end of the upper die block 25 of the upper forging die 2 1 is fastened to the upper ring surface of the outer casing 27 of the lower forging die 22, and the inclination direction of the joint portion thereof is uniform;
  • Mold block 20 head The top surface of the cylinder with the bottom surface 20 b of the upper mold core block 23 at a distance; upper die and the lower die 21 surrounded by the cavity 22 between the disc-shaped forging cavity 26.
  • the draft angle of the upper forging die 21 is greater than the draft angle of the lower forging die 22.
  • the forging die is not designed with a burr structure where the upper forging die 21 and the lower forging die 22 are fitted, and the forging cavity 26 is completely closed by the upper and lower forging dies 21 and 22.
  • Figure 9 shows a forging using a forging shown in FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of a second forging of large disk-shaped structure 026 along its centerline, and mark its inner surface of the lower plate 026 a.
  • Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section structure of a third large forging die of a near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging along its center line, the forging die consisting of an upper forging die 31 and a lower forging die 32, said upset
  • the die 31 and the lower die 32 are assembled by a plurality of modules, respectively.
  • the upper forging die 31 is composed of an upper die holder 34, an upper die block 33, and an upper die face block 35.
  • the upper mold base 34 has a circular ring structure and has a ring 34 a larger than the inner annular surface at a position where the top of the annular surface of the mold base intersects the upper end surface thereof;
  • the upper core block 33 has a cylindrical structure, an upper outer circumferential surface of its upper end has a protrusion at the intersection of the ring 33 a, with a circular groove along the slope 33 b at its bottom intermediate face;
  • upper die face block 35 has an annular structure, on which the bottom surface thereof along the ramp
  • the convex ring 35 a ; the inner and outer annular faces of the upper die block 34 and the upper die face 35 are aligned and bolted together, and the upper core block 33 can be fit into the upper die holder 34 and the inner surface of the die face block 35 consisting of the cores in the block 33 and the outer circumferential surface of the boss portion 33
  • the lower forging die 32 is composed of a jacket 37, a lower die block 38, a lower die holder 39, and a lower die block 30.
  • the outer casing 37 has a circular ring structure with a slope at the upper middle portion of the inner annular surface, and a ring 37 a larger than the inner annular surface at a position where the lower portion of the inner annular surface intersects the bottom surface thereof; the lower mold base 39
  • the inner ring surface has a slope
  • the lower mold surface block 38 has a circular ring structure
  • the inner ring surface has a slope, and a position at the outer ring surface intersecting the bottom end surface thereof is greater than a convex ring 38 a of the outer ring surface
  • the top surface of the dough block is a curved surface composed of two step faces
  • the inner ring surface of the outer casing 37 just covers the outer ring surface of the lower die face block 38, and the lower die face block 38 is outside
  • the inner annular surface of the lower die block 38 is flush with the inner annular surface of the lower die holder 39, and the direction of the slope is uniform.
  • the outer ring surface of the outer casing 37 and the outer ring of the lower die holder 39 was flush with the outer bolt 37 on the lower die holder 39; lower core block body 30 from the column head and the column shape located at the bottom center of the head 30 of the tail composition D, with the head by two The inclined cylinder 30 b and 30°; the cylinder 30 e of the head of the lower core block 30 is mounted in the inner annular surface composed of the lower mold block 38 and the lower mold base 39, and the joint portion is inclined
  • the lower core segments 30 are movable up and down within the lower die face 38 and the lower die block 39.
  • the upper forging die 31 and the lower forging die 32 are molded into a set of dies to constitute a third large forging die of the disk-shaped forging described in the present invention.
  • the outer ring surface of the convex ring 35 a at the bottom end of the upper die block 35 of the upper forging die 31 is fastened to the upper ring surface of the outer casing 37 of the lower forging die 32, and the inclination direction of the joint portion thereof is uniform;
  • the cavity 36 of the forging In the cavity 36, the draft angle of the upper forging die '31 is greater than the draft angle of the lower forging die 32.
  • the forging die is not designed with a burr structure where the upper forging die 31 and the lower forging die 32 are fitted, and the forging cavity 36 is completely closed by the upper and lower forging dies 31 and 32.
  • FIG 10 shows a forging using a forging shown in FIG. 3 of the third disc-shaped forging large vertical cross-sectional configuration along its centerline 036, and identifies the inner ring of the lower surface of the plate 036 a.
  • Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section structure of a fourth large forging die of a near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forging along its center line, the forging die consisting of an upper forging die 41 and a lower forging die 42
  • the die 41 and the lower die 42 are respectively assembled by a plurality of modules.
  • the upper forging die 41 is composed of an upper die holder 44 and an upper die block 43.
  • the upper mold base 44 has a circular ring structure and has a ring 44 a larger than the inner annular surface at a position where the top of the annular surface of the mold base intersects the upper end surface thereof;
  • the upper core block 43 is composed of two cylinders 43 And 43 e are formed and divided into left and right two pieces 43 1 and 43 2 along the center line thereof, and a convex ring 43 a is formed at an upper portion of the circumferential surface of the cylindrical body 43 b at the upper end thereof, and the outer peripheral surface of the column 43 e with a slope, there is a circular groove 43 along the slope D in the middle of the bottom surface of the core block;
  • the core block 43 can be just put into the inner surface of the upper die holder 44, the raised ring 43 a which just stuck in the top of the collar 44 on the inner surface of the mold base 44 a, which Cylinder 43 b and the inner surface of
  • the lower forging die 42 is composed of a jacket 47, a lower die holder 49 and a lower die block 40.
  • the outer sleeve 47 has a circular ring structure, and the inner annular surface is composed of two inclined step faces 47 a and 47 b ;
  • the lower mold base 49 has a circular ring structure with an inner ring surface with a slope;
  • the bolt is fastened to the lower die holder 49, and the inner annular surface is flush with the inner annular surface of the lower die holder 49, and the inclination direction is uniform, and the outer annular surface is flush with the outer annular surface of the lower die holder 49;
  • the lower core block 40 is composed of a cylindrical head 40 e having a large cross section and a cylindrical tail 40 d having a small central section at the bottom end of the head, the head 40 having a slope and being mounted on the outer casing 47 and the lower mold base 49.
  • the inclination direction of the fitting portion is uniform, and the lower core block 40 is movable
  • the upper forging die 41 and the lower forging die 42 are molded into a set of molds to constitute a fourth large forging die of the disk-shaped forging described in the present invention.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the lower portion 43 e of the upper core block 43 of the upper forging die 41 is fastened to the upper portion of the inner annular surface 47 3 of the outer casing 47 of the lower forging die 42 at the same direction of inclination of the joint;
  • the top surface of the pellet 40 is spaced apart from the bottom surface of the upper core block 43;
  • the cavity enclosed between the upper forging die 41 and the lower forging die 42 is a cavity 46 of a disk-shaped forging. In the cavity 46, the draft angle of the upper forging die 41 is greater than the draft angle of the lower forging die 42.
  • the forging die is not designed with a burr structure where the upper forging die 41 and the lower forging die 42 are fitted, and the forging cavity 46 is completely closed by the upper and lower forging dies 41 and 42.
  • Fig. 11 shows a longitudinal sectional structure of a fourth large-sized disk forging member 046 which is forged by the forging die shown in Fig. 4 along its center line.
  • Figures 5 through 7 show the first large forging die forging of the near-isothermal forged nickel-base superalloy disc forgings shown in Figure 1 and the process of demolding.
  • the upper forging die 11 is bolted to the bottom surface of the upper anvil 51 of the forging press with a heat insulating plate therebetween, and the lower forging die 12 is bolted to the lower anvil of the forging press.
  • upper housing 52 and a layer of insulation board therebetween; plunger core 50 are joined together at block 10 and D 10 is the tail of the forging press, the upper and lower die 11 and the peripheral 12 for heating
  • the forging die is mounted on the forging press and the annular heating furnace 60 between the lower anvils 51 and 52. After the near isothermal forging process, the upper and lower forging dies 11 and 12 forge the disc forging 016. As shown in FIG.
  • the upper anvil 51 of the forging press moves upward to extract the upper forging die 11 from the forging 016, and the forging 016 is adhered to the lower forging die 12, and is subjected to the contraction and stress of the forging member, the hollow hole of the forging member 016 and on the inner surface of the lower plate 016 of the lower die & adherend mold core block 10 at the head 12 of column 10 a and 10 B, a forging press ram 50 at the mold core block 10, the lower die 12 upwards
  • Two identically shaped semi-annular spacers 70 1 and 70 2 on the top pad of the outer casing 17 are used to support the forging 016.
  • the forging press 7 the downward movement of plunger 50 is pulled out so that the mandrel head block 10 and the cylinder 10 B departing I0 a hollow bore 016 of the forging and the inner surface of disc 016 A
  • the lower core block 10 is returned to the original position of the lower forging die 12, and the forging member 016 is supported above the lower forging die 12 by the blocks 70 1 and 70 2 , the demolding process is finished, and the forging member 016 is taken out from the forging press by a robot.
  • the demolding method of this embodiment is also applicable to the second and third forging dies shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and the fourth forging dies shown in Fig. 4, due to the head of the lower core block 40
  • the top end of the 40 e is not covered by the lower plate of the forging 046. Therefore, it is only necessary to eject the forging 046 from the lower core block 40 and then take it out from the forging press by a robot.
  • the large forging die of the near-isothermal forging nickel-base superalloy disc forgings according to the invention is mainly used for producing large-scale near-isothermal forged disc-shaped forgings having an outer diameter of more than O800 mm at a mold temperature of 105 CTC, and forging superalloys for forging die materials. .
  • the chemical composition (% by weight) of the nickel-base superalloy is:

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近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的大型锻模 技术领域
本发明涉及一种锻造模具， 特别是近等温锻造镍基高温 合金盘形锻件的大型锻模。 背景技术
镍基高温合金， 例如含 C 量为 0. 015%〜0. 060%、 含 Cr 量为 17. 00%〜 2 1 . 00%、 含 Mo量为 2. 80%〜 3. 30%、 含 Nb量为 4. 75%〜 5. 50%、 含 T i 量 0. 75%〜 1 . 15%、 含 A 1 量为 0. 30%〜 0. 70%、 含 N i 量为 50. 00%〜55. 00%及含有其他元素和余量为 F e 的一种高温合金具有较高的强度， 该合金由于强度高， 变 形温度范围窄， 导致其变形抗力较大， 使锻造成形较为困难。 在釆用近等温锻造方法对该合金的航空发动机大型涡轮盘、 压气机盘等盘形锻件进行锻造时， 由于材料的流动应力较高， 锻模需要加热到高温并在接近锻件坯料的温度下使用， 锻模 表面所受的应力较大。
2007 年 9 月 1 9 日 公 开 的 中 国 发 明 专利 说 明 书 CN 10 103693 1 A 的附图公开了一种高温合金盘形锻件的近等 温锻造模具的结构， 该锻模由上锻模和下锻模组成， 所述上、 下锻模均为整体模结构 即上、 下锻模各由一块模块加工而 成。 在近等温锻造中釆用整体模生产盘形锻件， 一般只适用 于直径小于 Φ600 mm、 加热温度相对较低的中小型锻件。 对于 直径大于 Φ 800 mm、 加热温度相对较高的大型盘形锻件， 若采 用整体模锻造由于存在下列技术问题增加了锻造的难度：
处于模具型腔中间位置处的上、 下锻模的中心凸出或凹 进的部分由于热量相对集中使其所受的应力较大， 造成该部 分易于损耗从而使整个模具的使用寿命缩短。 特别是当下锻 模的该部分为'凸出形状时由于在锻件成形后将被锻件包住使 该凸出部分受到较大的锻件应力， 造成锻件易粘模不易取出， 该凸出部分损耗更快； 并且由于该凸出部分受到的应力作用 必然导致与该凸出部分连成一体的锻模其他部分也会受到应 力的作用而损耗锻模；
锻模材料选用铸造高温合金， 制造大型锻模时需要使用 大型真空熔炼炉对锻模材料进行熔炼浇注， 当锻模的外围直 径尺寸大于 Φ 1300 腿时， 所需锻模的重量高达 2000kg以上， 铸造时锻模本体和浇、 冒口的重量加在一起， 需要 5000kg以 上的大型真空熔炼炉才能铸造成形， 对炉子的造型要求较高； 大型锻模的制造加工困难， 成本较高， 对于大型铸造高 温合金整体模具， 铸造高温合金本身所具有的铸造特性决定 了模具铸件的废品率较高， 造成大量贵重高温合金材料的浪 费， 再加上高温合金为难加工材料和模具本体较大更增加了 模具的加工难度， 造成模具的制造成本偏高；
整体锻模的互换性差， 一种形状的锻件需提供一套模具， 当锻造形状和尺寸相近的锻件时还得另外提供模具， 而且当 模具中的某个部分局部损坏时整个模具就报废了 ， 造成模具 材料的消耗和浪费现象较严重。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种制造和使用较为方 便的近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的大型锻模， 该锻模 使用寿命长、 易取出锻件。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明是采用以下技术方案来实 现的：
本发明近等温锻 -τ 4 w1. ¾ ^ ¾ -、a〉曰m. 金盘形锻件的大型锻模 具有上锻模和下锻模 ， 所述上锻模和下锻模合模后具有锻件 型腔， 并且所述上锻模和下锻模分别是由多个模块组装的模
。
作为本发明所述大型锻模的第 种优选结构 ， 所述上锻 模是把上模芯块装进由上模座和上模面块叠置在一起形成的 中心环孔里装配而成的； 所述下锻模是先把下模面块套装在 外套内后叠置在下模座上， 再把下模芯块头部的副斜柱体装 进由所述下模面块和下模座形成的中心环孔里装配而成的 5 所述上锻模和下锻模合模后形成该锻模的锻件型腔。
对于所述第一种优选结构的大型锻模来说， 在所述锻件 型腔的下部具有内环面， 该内环面是由下模芯块头部的主斜 柱体形成的， 与该主斜柱体相接的副斜柱体顺着所述内环面 的下方与所述下锻模分体。 当上述第一种优选结构的大型锻模用于锻造空心盘形锻 件时， 在所述锻件型腔的中心设置有中心环面， 该中心环面 是由下模芯块头部的顶斜柱体形成的， 该顶斜柱体与所述上 模芯块底面的圆形槽配合。
作为本发明所述大型锻模的第二种优选结构， 所述上锻 模是把上模芯块装进上模座的中心环孔里装配而成的， 所述 上模芯块分为左右两块； 所述下锻模是把下模芯块的头部装 进由外套和下模座叠置在一起形成的中心环孔里装配而成 的， 所述上锻模和下锻模合模后形成该锻模的锻件型腔。
对于本发明的上述大型锻模来说， 所述锻件型腔被所述 上锻模和下锻模完全封闭并且在锻件型腔内所述上锻模的拔 模斜度大于下锻模的拔模斜度； 当所述锻模用于锻造实心盘 形锻件时， 所述锻件型腔的上、 下型面是隔开的； 制造上述 大型锻模的材料采用铸造高温合金； 上述大型锻模锻出的盘 形锻件其外径尺寸大于 Φ 800ηιπι。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的有益效果如下. - 本发明所述的近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的大型 锻模， 把整体上锻模和下锻模分别改进为由多个分体模块组 装而成的组合模具， 把模具的整体重量分解到单个分体模块 的重量， 单个分体模块的结构相对于整体模结构来说得以简 化和轻量化， 有利于锻模选用的铸造高温合金材料的铸造成 形和降低废品损失， 节约贵重高温合金材料， 降低对铸造高 温合金材料熔炼炉的选型要求； 并且简化和轻量化的单个模 块也易于加工， 在降低锻模机加工难度的同时， 也降低了模 具的制造成本并使该类大型锻模的制造易于实现， 满足了近 等温锻造大型盘形锻件的需要。
本发明所述的大型锻模在处于模具型腔中间位置处的 上、 下锻模的中心凸出或凹进的部分迸行分体， 使锻后应力 相对集中在分体后的上模芯块和下模芯块内， 锻模的损耗主 要是损耗上模芯块和下模芯块， 而与所述上模芯块或下模芯 块分幵的锻模其他部分由于在锻后所受应力作用较小从而减 少了损耗， 即相对于整体锻模而言， 锻模的损耗从整体损耗 改进成了局部损耗， 因而在面对锻模的损耗问题时， 只需把 局部损耗的上模芯块或下模芯块换掉而不用使整个锻模报 废， 因此， 锻模的使用寿命从整体上得以提高。
特别是对于上述第一种优选结构的大型锻模来说， 在采 用该锻模锻出盘形锻件后， 由于上锻模的拔模斜度大于下锻 模的拔模斜度， 锻件下盘的内环面便包住了下模芯块头部的 主斜柱体而粘在下模芯块上， 而且该种结构的大型锻模的锻 件型腔下部的内环面在由下模芯块头部的主斜柱体形成的同 时， 与该主斜柱体相接的副斜柱体顺着所述内环面的下方与 所述下锻模分体， 因此在锻件成形后完全把下锻模所受的应 力都集中引到了下模芯块上， 使下锻模的损耗集中在下模芯 块上， 也就是说， 整套锻模的损耗主要是损耗下模芯块； 而 且锻件粘在下模芯块上， 锻压机上的顶杆把下模芯块顶出后 只需在锻件下支承垫块便很容易使锻件脱模。
该锻模采用完全闭式模锻结构， 即在上、 下锻模配合之 处不设计毛边结构， 所述锻件型腔被所述上锻模和下锻模完 全封闭， 精化了锻件， 实现了少无余量精密模锻， 减少了贵 重高温合金材料的消耗。
该锻模采用分体式模块组合而成， 对于形状和尺寸相近 的锻件来说， 可以实现部分分体模块的互换使用或稍作加工 后实现互换使用， 而且模座和外套的通用性强， 增加了其使 用效率， 从而节省了模具开支。 附图说明
图 1 是近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的第一种大型 锻模沿其中心线的纵剖面结构图。
图 2 是近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的第二种大型 锻模沿其中心线的纵剖面结构图。
图 3 是近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的第三种大型 锻模沿其中心线的纵剖面结构图。
图 4 是近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的第四种大型 锻模沿其中心线的纵剖面结构图。
图 5是图 1所示的锻模装进压力机锻出锻件的状态图。 图 6是图 5所示的锻模顶出锻件的状态图。
图 7是图 6所示的锻模脱离锻件的状态图。
图 8 是釆用图 1 所示的锻模锻出的第一种大型盘形锻件 沿其中心线的纵剖面结构图。
图 9 是采用图 2 所示的锻模锻出的第二种大型盘形锻件 沿其中心线的纵剖面结构图。
图 10是采用图 3所示的锻模锻出的第三种大型盘形锻件 沿其中心线的纵剖面结构图。
图 11是采用图 4所示的锻模锻出的第四种大型盘形锻件 沿其中心线的纵剖面结构图。 符号说明
11、 21、 31、 41 上锻模
12、 22、 32、 42 下锻模
13、 23、 33、 43 上模芯块
14、 24、 34、 44 上模座
15、 25、 35 上模面块
16、 26、 36、 46 锻件型腔
17、 27、 37、 47 外套
18、 28、 38 下模面块
19、 29、 39、 49 下模座
10、 20、 30、 40 下模芯块
10a 顶斜柱体
、 b
10b、 20b 30 主斜柱体
10c、 20c 、 c
30' 副斜柱体
10d、 20d 、 30 d、 40d 柱体形尾部
13a、 23a 、 33' 43a 凸起环
13b、 33b 圆形槽
14a、 24a 、 341 44a 环圈
15 25a 、 a
35' 凸起环
16 26a 、 3
36' 内环面
16b 中心环面
17a、 27a 、 a
37' 环圈
1
18a、 28a 、 38! 凸起环
0° 柱形体头部
31 上模芯块左块
32 上模芯块右块 b
43 柱体
43 柱体
43 圆形槽
47 台阶面
b
47 台阶面
50 锻压机的顶杆
51 锻压机的上砧座
锻压机的下砧座
环形加热炉
70 半环形垫块
70" 半环形垫块
016、 026、 036、 046 大型盘形锻件
016a - 026 036a 内环面 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说 明。 但是， 以下所示的实施例只是举例给出了体现本发明技 术思想的优选方案， 其并不意味着本发明仅限定于此， 包含 于权利要求保护范围内的其它实施形态也同样适用。
实施例 1 :
图 1 示出了近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的第一种 大型锻模沿其中心线的纵剖面结构， 该锻模由上锻模 11 和下 锻模 12 组成， 所述上锻模 11 和下锻模 12分别由多个模块组 合装配而成。 '
上锻模 11 由上模座 14、上模芯块 13和上模面块 15组成。 上模座 14为圆环形结构并在该模座内环面的顶部与其上端面 相交的位置处有一比内环面大的环圈 14a; 上模芯块 13 为柱 体形结构， 在其外周面的上部与其上端面相交处有一凸起环 13a， 在其底端面中间有一带斜度的圆形槽 13b; 上模面块 15 为环形结构， 在其底端面上有一带斜度的凸起环 15a; 上模座 14和上模面块 15 的内、 外环面对齐后用螺栓紧固在一起， 上 模芯块 13 正好可以装进由上模座 14和上模面块 15组成的内 环面里并且上模芯块 13 外周面上部的凸起环 13a正好卡在上 模座 14 内环面顶部的环圈 14a内，上模芯块 13 的顶面与上模 座 14 的顶面平齐。
下锻模 12 由外套 17、 下模面块 18、 下模座 19和下模芯 块 10 组成。 外套 17 为圆环形结构 在其内环面的中上部具 有斜度， 在其内环面的下部与其底面相交的位置处有一比其 内环面大的环圈 17a; 下模座 19 为圆环形结构， 其内环面带 有斜度； 下模面块 18 为圆环形结构， 其内环面带有斜度， 在 其外环面与其底端面相交的位置处有一大于其外环面的凸起 环 18a， 该面块的顶面大体为三个台阶面组成的曲面； 外套 17 的内环面正好套住下模面块 18 的外环面， 下模面块 18外 环面底部的凸起环 18a正好卡在外套 17内环面底部的环圈 17a 内然后平放在下模座 19 的上面， 下模面块 18 的内环面与下 模座 19 的内环面平齐、 斜度方向一致， 外套 17 的外环面与 下模座 19的外环面平齐，外套 17用螺栓紧固在下模座 19上； 下模芯块 10 由呈"凸 "形的柱体形头部和位于其头部底端中心 的柱体形尾部 10d组成， 所述头部由三个带斜度的柱体 10a、 10b和 10e组成； 下模芯块 10头部的柱体 10 正好装在由下模 面块 18 和下模座 19 组成的内环面里， 其配合处的斜度方向 一致，下模芯块 10可在下模面块 18和下模座 19 内上下移动。
上锻模 11 和下锻模 12 合模成一套模具， 构成本发明所 述的盘形锻件的第一种大型锻模。 合模时， 上锻模 11 的上模 面块 15 底端的凸起环 15a的外环面扣在下锻模 12 的外套 17 的内环面上部， 其结合处的斜度方向一致； 下模芯块 10 头部 的柱体 10a的上端与上模芯块 13 底面的圆形槽 13b配合， 其 配合处的斜度方向一致； 上锻模 11 和下锻模 12 之间所围成 的空腔为盘形锻件的型腔 16。 在所述型腔 16 内， 上锻模 11 的拔模斜度大于下锻模 12 的拔模斜度。
该锻模在上锻模 11 和下锻模 12 之间的配合之处不设计 毛边结构， 锻件型腔 16被上、 下锻模 11 和 12完全封闭。
图 8 示出了采用图 1 所示的锻模锻出的第一种大型盘形 锻件 016 沿其中心线的纵剖面结构， 并标出了其下盘的内环 面 016a。
实施例 2:
图 2 示出了近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的第二种 大型锻模沿其中心线的纵剖面结构， 该锻模由上锻模 21 和下 锻模 22组成， 所述上锻模 2 1 和下锻模 22 分别由多个模块组 合装配而成。
上锻模 2 1 由上模座 24、上模芯块 23和上模面块 25组成。 上模座 24为圆环形结构并在该模座内环面的顶部与其上端面 相交的位置处有一比内环面大的环圈 24a ; 上模芯块 23 为柱 体形结构， 在其外周面的上部与其上端面相交处有一凸起环 23 3； 上模面块 25 为环形结构， 在其底端面上有一带斜度的 凸起环 25 a ; 上模座 24和上模面块 25 的内、 外环面对齐后用 螺栓紧固在一起， 上模芯块 23 正好可以装进由上模座 24 和 上模面块 25 组成的内环面里并且上模芯块 23 外周面上部的 凸起环 23 a正好卡在上模座 24 内环面顶部的环圈 24a内， 上 模芯块 23 的顶面与上模座 24 的顶面平齐。
下锻模 22 由外套 27、 下模面块 28、 下模座 29和下模芯 块 20 组成。 外套 27 为圆环形结构， 在其内环面的中上部具 有斜度， 在其内环面的下部与其底面相交的位置处有一比其 内环面大的环圈 ΤΤ ', 下模座 29 为圆环形结构， 其内环面带 有斜度； 下模面块 2 8 为圆环形结构， 其内环面带有斜度， 在 其外环面与其底端面相交的位置处有一大于其外环面的凸起 环 28 a， 该面块的顶面大体为三个台阶面组成的曲面； 外套 27 的内环面正好套住下模面块 28 的外环面， 下模面块 28 外 环面底部的凸起环 28 a正好卡在外套 27内环面底部的环圈 27 a 内然后平放在下模座 29 的上面， 下模面块 28 的内环面与下 模座 29 的内环面平齐、 斜度方向一致， 外套 27 的外环面与 下模座 29 的外环面平齐，外套 27用螺栓紧固在下模座 29上； 下模芯块 20由截面较大的柱体形头部和位于其头部底端中心 截面较小的柱体形尾部 20d组成，所述头部由两个带斜度的柱 体 20b和 20 组成； 下模芯块 20 头部的柱体 20 e正好装在由 下模面块 28 和下模座 29 组成的内环面里， 其配合处的斜度 方向一致， 下模芯块 20可在下模面块 28和下模座 29 内上下 移动。
上锻模 2 1 和下锻模 22 合模成一套模具， 构成本发明所 述的盘形锻件的第二种大型锻模。 合模时， 上锻模 2 1 的上模 面块 25 底端的凸起环 25 a的外环面扣在下锻模 22 的外套 27 的内环面上部， 其结合处的斜度方向一致； 下模芯块 20头部 的柱体 20b的顶面与上模芯块 23 的底面相隔一段距离； 上锻 模 21和下锻模 22之间所围成的空腔为盘形锻件的型腔 26。 在所述型腔 26 内， 上锻模 21 的拔模斜度大于下锻模 22的拔 模斜度。
该锻模在上锻模 21 和下锻模 22 之间的配合之处不设计 毛边结构， 锻件型腔 26被上、 下锻模 21和 22完全封闭。
图 9示出了采用图 2 所示的锻模锻出的第二种大型盘形 锻件 026 沿其中心线的纵剖面结构， 并标出了其下盘的内环 面 026a。
实施例 3:
图 3 示出了近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的第三种 大型锻模沿其中心线的纵剖面结构， 该锻模由上锻模 31和下 锻模 32组成， 所述上锻模 31和下锻模 32分别由多个模块组 合装配而成。
上锻模 31 由上模座 34、上模芯块 33和上模面块 35组成。 上模座 34为圆环形结构并在该模座内环面的顶部与其上端面 相交的位置处有一比其内环面大的环圈 34a; 上模芯块 33 为 柱体形结构， 在其外周面的上部与其上端面相交处有一凸起 环 33a， 在其底端面中间有一带斜度的圆形槽 33b; 上模面块 35 为环形结构， 在其底端面上有一带斜度的凸起环 35a ; 上 模座 34 和上模面块 35 的内、 外环面对齐后用螺栓紧固在一 起， 上模芯块 33正好可以装进由上模座 34和上模面块 35组 成的内环面里并且上模芯块 33 外周面上部的凸起环 33a正好 卡在上模座 34 内环面顶部的环圈 34a内，上模芯块 33 的顶面 与上模座 34的顶面平齐。
下锻模 32 由外套 37、 下模面块 38、 下模座 39和下模芯 块 30 组成。 外套 37 为圆环形结构， 在其内环面的中上部具 有斜度， 在其内环面的下部与其底面相交的位置处有一比其 内环面大的环圈 37a; 下模座 39 为圆环形结构， 其内环面带 有斜度； 下模面块 38为圆环形结构， 其内环面带有斜度， 在 其外环面与其底端面相交的位置处有一大于其外环面的凸起 环 38a， 该面块的顶面为两个台阶面组成的曲面； 外套 37 的 内环面正好套住下模面块 38 的外环面， 下模面块 38 外环面 底部的凸起环 38a正好卡在外套 37 内环面底部的环圈 37a内 然后平放在下模座 39 的上面， 下模面块 38 的内环面与下模 座 39 的内环面平齐、 斜度方向一致， 外套 37 的外环面与下 模座 39的外环面平齐， 外套 37用螺栓紧固在下模座 39上； 下模芯块 30由柱体形头部和位于其头部底端中心的柱体形尾 部 30d组成， 所述头部由二个带斜度的柱体 30b和 30°组成； 下模芯块 30头部的柱体 30e正好装在由下模面块 38和下模座 39组成的内环面里， 其配合处的斜度方向一致， 下模芯块 30 可在下模面块 38和下模座 39 内上下移动。
上锻模 31 和下锻模 32 合模成一套模具， 构成本发明所 述的盘形锻件的第三种大型锻模。 合模时， 上锻模 31 的上模 面块 35 底端的凸起环 35a的外环面扣在下锻模 32 的外套 37 的内环面上部， 其结合处的斜度方向一致； 下模芯块 30头部 的柱体 30b的顶端与上模芯块 33 底面的圆形槽 33 的底面相 隔一段距离； 上锻模 31 和下锻模 32 之间所围成的空腔为盘 形锻件的型腔 36。 在所述型腔 36 内， 上锻模 ' 31 的拔模斜度 大于下锻模 32的拔模斜度。
该锻模在上锻模 31 和下锻模 32 之间的配合之处不设计 毛边结构， 锻件型腔 36被上、 下锻模 31和 32完全封闭。
图 10示出了采用图 3所示的锻模锻出的第三种大型盘形 锻件 036 沿其中心线的纵剖面结构， 并标出了其下盘的内环 面 036a。
实施例 4:
图 4 示出了近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的第四种 大型锻模沿其中心线的纵剖面结构， 该锻模由上锻模 41和下 锻模 42组成， 所述上锻模 41和下锻模 42分别由多个模块组 合装配而成。
上锻模 41 由上模座 44 和上模芯块 43 组成。 上模座 44 为圆环形结构并在该模座内环面的顶部与其上端面相交的位 置处有一比其内环面大的环圈 44a; 上模芯块 43 由两个柱体 43 和 43e组成并沿其中心线分为左右两块 431和 432，在其柱 体 43b周面的上部与其上端面相交处有一凸起环 43a， 其柱体 43e的外周面带有斜度， 在该芯块的底面中间有一带斜度的圆 形槽 43d; 上模芯块 43正好可以装进上模座 44 内环面里， 其 凸起环 43a正好卡在上模座 44 内环面顶部的环圈 44a内， 其 柱体 43b与上模座 44 的内环面配合，其顶面与上模座 44 的顶 面平齐。
下锻模 42 由外套 47、 下模座 49和下模芯块 40 组成。 外 套 47 为圆环形结构， 其内环面由两个带斜度的台阶面 47a和 47b组成； 下模座 49 为圆环形结构， 其内环面带有斜度； 外 套 47用螺栓紧固在下模座 49上， 其内环面与下模座 49 的内 环面平齐、 斜度方向一致， 其外环面与下模座 49 的外环面平 齐； 下模芯块 40 由截面较大的柱体形头部 40e和位于其头部 底端中心截面较小的柱体形尾部 40d组成， 其头部 40 带有斜 度并装在由外套 47 和下模座 49 组成的内环面里， 其配合处 的斜度方向一致， 下模芯块 40 可在外套 47和下模座 49 内上 下移动。
上锻模 41 和下锻模 42 合模成一套模具， 构成本发明所 述的盘形锻件的第四种大型锻模。 合模时， 上锻模 41 的上模 芯块 43 下部的柱体 43e的外周面扣在下锻模 42 的外套 47 的 内环面 473上部， 其结合处的斜度方向一致； 下模芯块 40 的 顶面与上模芯块 43 的底面相隔一段距离； 上锻模 41 和下锻 模 42 之间所围成的空腔为盘形锻件的型腔 46。 在所述型腔 46 内， 上锻模 41 的拔模斜度大于下锻模 42 的拔模斜度。
该锻模在上锻模 41 和下锻模 42 之间的配合之处不设计 毛边结构， 锻件型腔 46被上、 下锻模 41 和 42完全封闭。
图 11示出了采用图 4所示的锻模锻出的第四种大型盘形 锻件 046沿其中心线的纵剖面结构。
实施例 5: ·
图 5 至图 7 示出了釆用图 1 所示的近等温锻造镍基高温 合金盘形锻件的第一种大型锻模锻出盘形锻件及其脱模的过 程。
如图 5所示，上锻模 11 用螺栓紧固在锻压机的上砧座 51 的底面且在两者之间有一层隔热板， 下锻模 12用螺栓紧固在 锻压机的下砧座 52 的上面且在两者之间有一层隔热板； 下模 芯块 10 的尾部 10d与锻压机的顶杆 50连接在一起， 在上、 下 锻模 11 和 12 的外围有用于加热锻模的安装在锻压机上、 下 砧 51 和 52之间的环形加热炉 60， 近等温锻造过程结束后， 上、 下锻模 11 和 12锻出盘形锻件 016。 如图 6所示，锻压机的上砧座 51 向上运动提取上锻模 11 使其脱离锻件 016， 锻件 016粘在下锻模 12上， 受锻件收缩 和应力的作用， 锻件 016 的空心孔及其下盘的内环面 016&粘 在下锻模 12 的下模芯块 10的头部柱体 10a和 10b上， 锻压机 的顶杆 50 向上顶出下模芯块 10,在下锻模 12的外套 17 的顶 面垫上两块形状相同的半环形垫块 701和 702用于支承住锻件 016。
如图 7所示，锻压机的顶杆 50 向下运动拉出下模芯块 10 使其头部的柱体 I0a和 10b脱离锻件 016的空心孔及其下盘的 内环面 016a， 下模芯块 10回复到下锻模 12的原位， 锻件 016 被垫块 701和 702支承在下锻模 12 的上方， 脱模过程结束， 用机械手从锻压机内取出锻件 016。
本实施例的脱模方式同样适用于图 2 和图 3 所示的第二 种和第三种锻模， 对于图 4 所示的第四种锻模， 由于其下模 芯块 40 的头部 40e的顶端没有被锻件 046 的下盘面包住， 因 此， 脱模时只需由下模芯块 40把锻件 046顶出后用机械手从 锻压机内取出即可。
本发明所述的近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的大型 锻模主要用 于模具温度在 105CTC 下生产外径尺寸大于 O800mm 以上的大型近等温锻造盘形锻件， 锻模材料选用铸 造高温合金。
所述镍基高温合金的化学成分 （重量百分比） 为：
C: 0.015%〜 0.060%、 Cr： 17.00%〜 21.00%、 Mo: 2.80%— 3.30%、 Nb: 4.75%〜5.50%、 Ti： 0.75%〜 1.15%、 A1: 0.30%〜 0.70%、 Ni: 50.00%〜 55.00%、 Fe:余量、其他元素（ Ta^ 0.10%、 Co 1.00%、 Mn 0.35%、 Si 0.35%、 S 0.015%、 P 0.015%、 Mg 0.01%、 B 0.006%、 Cu 0.30%)。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种近等温锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的大型锻模， 具有上锻模和下锻模， 所述上锻模和下锻模合模后具有锻件 型腔， 其特征在于： 所述上锻模和下锻模分别是由多个模块 组装的模具。
2、 按照权利要求 1 所述的大型锻模， 其特征在于： 所述 上锻模是把上模芯块装进由上模座和上模面块叠置在一起形 成的中心环孔里装配而成的； 所述下锻模是先把下模面块套 装在外套内后叠置在下模座上， 再把下模芯块头部的副斜柱 体装进由所述下模面块和下模座形成的中心环孔里装配而成 的； 所述上锻模和下锻模合模后形成锻件型腔。
3、 按照权利要求 2 所述的大型锻模， 其特征在于： 在所 述锻件型腔的下部具有内环面， 该内环面是由下模芯块头部 的主斜柱体形成的， 与该主斜柱体相接的副斜柱体顺着所述 内环面的下方与所述下锻模分体。
4、 按照权利要求 2 或 3 所述的大型锻模， 其特征在于 - 在所述锻件型腔的中心具有中心环面， 该中心环面是由下模 芯块头部的顶斜柱体形成的， 所述顶斜柱体与所述上模芯块 底面的圆形槽配合。
5、 按照权利要求 1 所述的大型锻模， 其特征在于： 所述 上锻模是把上模芯块装进上模座的中心环孔里装配而成的， 所述上模芯块分为左右两块； 所述下锻模是把下模芯块的头 部装进由外套和下模座叠置在一起形成的中心环孔里装配而 成的， 所述上锻模和下锻模合模后形成锻件型腔。
6、 按照权利要求 1、 2、 3 或 5所述的大型锻模， 其特征 在于： 所述锻件型腔被所述上锻模和下锻模完全封闭。
7、 按照权利要求 1、 2、 3 或 5 所述的大型锻模， 其特征 在于： 所述锻件型腔的上、 下型面是隔开的。
8、 按照权利要求 1、 2、 3 或 5 所述的大型锻模， 其特征 在于： 在所述锻件型腔内所述上锻模的拨模斜度大于下锻模 的拨模斜度。
9、 按照权利要求 1、 2、 3 或 5 所述的大型锻模， 其特征 在于： 所述上锻模和下锻模的材料是铸造高温合金。
1 0、 按照权利要求 1、 2、 3 或 5 所述的大型锻模， 其特 征在于： 所述上锻模和下锻模锻出的盘形锻件其外径尺寸大 于 Φ 800ram。
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