WO2009098338A2 - Transparent-block floor - Google Patents

Transparent-block floor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009098338A2
WO2009098338A2 PCT/ES2009/000063 ES2009000063W WO2009098338A2 WO 2009098338 A2 WO2009098338 A2 WO 2009098338A2 ES 2009000063 W ES2009000063 W ES 2009000063W WO 2009098338 A2 WO2009098338 A2 WO 2009098338A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transparent
blocks
vault
slab
flat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2009/000063
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009098338A3 (en
Inventor
Iñigo ARIZA LÓPEZ
Original Assignee
Universidad De Sevilla
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad De Sevilla filed Critical Universidad De Sevilla
Publication of WO2009098338A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009098338A2/en
Publication of WO2009098338A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009098338A3/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/46—Special adaptation of floors for transmission of light, e.g. by inserts of glass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/42—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings of glass or other transparent material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
    • E04C2/546—Slab-like translucent elements made of glass bricks

Definitions

  • the present invention consists of a series of blocks made of transparent material with identical shape to each other, which by means of a mutual fitting system compose a transparent or translucent flat vault being in contact with each other through a thin joint without reinforcements arranged between the blocks, providing greater lightness and transparency to the structure on which said vault supports by reducing both the weight of this vault and its corresponding horizontal thrusts.
  • the invention has its application in the field of building both as floor slab and roof that illuminates a lower room.
  • Figure 2 Perspective view of a partially sectioned lightened block slab, being:
  • the present invention consists of a series of blocks made of a transparent material, all in the same way, which by means of a mutual fitting system compose a transparent or translucent flat vault. Said vault must rest on a perimeter structure that resists both the weight of this vault and its corresponding horizontal thrusts.
  • Transparent or translucent blocks can be made of synthetic resins and can have various lightening, which allows several possibilities, for example, lightened glass blocks, unlightened resin blocks or lightened resin blocks.
  • the support structure forms a series of beams, which can be made of any of the usual building materials for structures: reinforced concrete or steel.
  • the joint material between the blocks can be any suitable among the conventional sealing and joint products used in building, for example: cement mortars, polymeric mortars, or synthetic resins, or even lack said "bone" material .
  • a suitable joint material will be interposed, be it concrete, resin mortar or resin, in a manner similar to that described above.
  • this floor If this floor is disposed outdoors, the joint material between the blocks must resolve the waterproofing seal or a seal must be made to achieve said waterproofing. It should be taken into account that when this slab acknowledges the deformations of its weight, it may suffer a cracking similar to that of any other plate resting on the perimeter. As a result, a slab is obtained which is actually a flat vault.
  • This floor can be used to illuminate lower rooms through its ceiling, you can take advantage of the decorative effects it offers, and it can be stepped on its upper part.
  • the present invention Compared to translucent concrete slab solutions, the present invention also provides greater lightness and transparency, taking into account that in this invention there are no reinforcements arranged between the blocks. In addition to the reduction of weight and thrust, other advantages are obtained:
  • the support structure is constructed, either of steel or reinforced concrete.
  • the structure is made of reinforced concrete, it is preferable to leave it built to the upper level of the pillars that will support the plant in which the slab of transparent blocks is located.
  • Properly shielded formwork is provided that will support the new block slab and perimeter support beams.
  • the surface of said formwork corresponds to the area indicated (5) in Figure 2.
  • the reinforcement of the beams (4) are placed.
  • the transparent blocks (1) with the joint between them (2) of polymeric mortar are placed. The whole is concreted.
  • the formwork is removed. Once the new floor has been seated, after several days, the joints are sealed by the upper face by means of transparent silicone to ensure waterproofing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention comprises a series of blocks (1) made from a transparent material and with a mutually identical shape, which, by means of a mutual engagement system, form a transparent or translucent planar vault and remain in contact with one another via a thin joint (2), without frameworks being arranged between the blocks (1), thereby making the structure on which said vault rests, lighter and more transparent by reducing the weight not only of said vault but also of the corresponding horizontal thrusts thereof. The invention applies to the field of construction as not only a floor slab but also as a roof that lets light through to a room below.

Description

Título Title
SUELO DE BLOQUES TRANSPARENTESSOIL OF TRANSPARENT BLOCKS
Objeto de Ia invención La presente invención consiste en una serie de bloques realizados con material transparente con idéntica forma entre sí, los cuales mediante un sistema de encaje mutuo componen una bóveda plana transparente o translúcida quedando en contacto entre sí a través de una delgada junta sin armaduras dispuestas entre los bloques, aportando mayor ligereza y transparencia a Ia estructura sobre Ia que apoya dicha bóveda al reducir tanto el peso de esta bóveda como de sus correspondientes empujes horizontales.OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention consists of a series of blocks made of transparent material with identical shape to each other, which by means of a mutual fitting system compose a transparent or translucent flat vault being in contact with each other through a thin joint without reinforcements arranged between the blocks, providing greater lightness and transparency to the structure on which said vault supports by reducing both the weight of this vault and its corresponding horizontal thrusts.
La invención tiene su aplicación en el ámbito de Ia edificación tanto como forjado de piso como cubierta que ilumina una estancia inferior.The invention has its application in the field of building both as floor slab and roof that illuminates a lower room.
Estado de Ia técnicaState of the art
Desde antiguo se han realizado bóvedas en diversos materiales. En las bóvedas es determinante el espesor de las piezas o dovelas y Ia relación entre Ia flecha y Ia luz de Ia bóveda, es decir, Ia altura de Ia bóveda en proporción a su anchura. Una de las aspiraciones de arquitectos y canteros desde hace siglos era construir bóvedas planas que permitieran obtener techos planos más funcionales y por ello obtener también un trasdós (superficie exterior convexa de Ia bóveda, que no queda a Ia vista) Io más plano posible, para colocar encima un piso habitable u otra solución constructiva. En España existen ejemplos notables de bóvedas planas o casi planas, entre ellas: Ia bóveda plana bajo el sotocoro en Ia entrada a Ia Basílica del Escorial, con traza de Juan de Herrera (s. XVI) ó las bóvedas casi planas del Ia cripta de Ia catedral de Cádiz (s. XVIII-XIX, por Vicente Acero). En estos casos Ia bóveda se construye con dovelas cuya forma procede de un despiece radial. Por ello aparecen como mínimo tantos tipos de dovelas como el número de círculos en los que se dividan las bóvedas realizadas mediante este método de construcción.Since ancient times vaults have been made in various materials. In the vaults the thickness of the pieces or segments is decisive and the relationship between the arrow and the light of the vault, that is, the height of the vault in proportion to its width. One of the aspirations of architects and stonecutters for centuries was to build flat vaults that allowed to obtain more functional flat roofs and therefore also obtain a trasdós (convex exterior surface of the vault, which is not visible) or as flat as possible, to place a habitable floor or other constructive solution on top. In Spain there are notable examples of flat or almost flat vaults, including: the flat vault under the basement at the entrance to the Basilica del Escorial, with a trace of Juan de Herrera (16th century) or the almost flat vaults of the crypt of the The cathedral of Cádiz (18th-19th century, by Vicente Acero). In these cases, the vault is constructed with segments whose shape comes from a radial exploded view. Therefore, at least as many types of segments appear as the number of circles in which the vaults made by this construction method are divided.
Otra de las aspiraciones desde antiguo es producir entradas de luz desde el techo. Esto fue posible desde el s. XIX gracias a Ia extensión del vidrio y del hierro (ya fuera fundición o acero). En el s. XX se extendió un sistema de forjado que puede ser usado al exterior y que se denomina "pavés" y de forma más precisa "forjado de hormigón translúcido". Las características esenciales de este tipo de forjado son: que se trata de una losa armada, que posee por tanto una armadura de redondos de acero que resisten los esfuerzos de flexión; y que sustituye las bovedillas u otro sistema de aligeramiento por bloques de vidrio transparente o translúcido.Another of the aspirations since ancient times is to produce light inputs from the ceiling. This was possible since s. XIX thanks to the extension of glass and iron (whether cast iron or steel). In the S. XX a slab system was extended that can be used outdoors and is called "pavements" and more precisely "translucent concrete slabs". The essential characteristics of this type of slab are: that it is an armed slab, which therefore possesses an armor of round steel that resists bending efforts; and that replaces the vaults or other lightening system with transparent or translucent glass blocks.
Existen también diversas patentes relativamente recientes que modifican este sistema de pavés aportando diversas ventajas adicionales, como son el uso de una rejilla de soporte que simplifica Ia construcción (PCT/US96/18.268 y US4999964), o el uso de bloques de vidrio sin necesidad de armadura intercalada (patente ES 2 237 989 B1)There are also several relatively recent patents that modify this pavement system providing various additional advantages, such as the use of a support grid that simplifies the construction (PCT / US96 / 18.268 and US4999964), or the use of glass blocks without the need for sandwiched reinforcement (patent ES 2 237 989 B1)
Descripción de ias FigurasDescription of the Figures
Figura 1.- Dos vistas en perspectiva de un bloque tipoFigure 1.- Two perspective views of a type block
Figura 2.- Vista en perspectiva de un forjado de bloques aligerados parcialmente seccionado, siendo:Figure 2.- Perspective view of a partially sectioned lightened block slab, being:
1) bloque transparente 2) junta entre bloques transparentes1) transparent block 2) joint between transparent blocks
3) vigas perimetrales de apoyo de Ia losa realizada en hormigón armado3) perimeter support beams of the slab made of reinforced concrete
4) armadura longitudinal y transversal de las vigas perimetrales4) longitudinal and transverse reinforcement of the perimeter beams
5) zona bajo Ia cual se sitúa el encofrado de losa y vigas de hormigón5) area under which the slab formwork and concrete beams are located
Figura 3.- Vista de un bloque hueco en su interior, parcialmente seccionado para su mejor comprensión.Figure 3.- View of a hollow block inside, partially sectioned for better understanding.
Figura 4.- Vista de un bloque ahuecado por su parte inferior, parcialmente seccionado para su mejor comprensión.Figure 4.- View of a block hollowed by its lower part, partially sectioned for better understanding.
Descripción de Ia invención La presente invención consiste en una serie de bloques realizados en un material transparente, todos de Ia misma forma, los cuales mediante un sistema de encaje mutuo componen una bóveda plana transparente o translúcida. Dicha bóveda debe apoyar sobre una estructura perimetral que resista tanto el peso de esta bóveda como de sus correspondientes empujes horizontales. Los bloques transparentes o translúcidos pueden estar realizados con resinas sintéticas y pueden presentar aligeramientos diversos, Io que permite varias posibilidades, por ejemplo, bloques de vidrio aligerados, bloques de resina sin aligerar o bloques de resina aligerada. La estructura de apoyo conforma una serie de vigas o zunchos, que pueden estar realizados en cualquiera de los materiales habituales en edificación para estructuras: hormigón armado o acero. El material de junta entre los bloques puede ser cualquiera adecuado de entre los productos convencionales de sellado y junta que se usan en edificación, por ejemplo: morteros de cemento, morteros poliméricos, o resinas sintéticas, o incluso carecer de dicho material "a hueso". Entre Ia estructura de apoyo y el forjado se interpondrá un material de junta adecuado, ya sea hormigón, mortero de resina o resina, de manera similar a como se ha descrito antes.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention consists of a series of blocks made of a transparent material, all in the same way, which by means of a mutual fitting system compose a transparent or translucent flat vault. Said vault must rest on a perimeter structure that resists both the weight of this vault and its corresponding horizontal thrusts. Transparent or translucent blocks can be made of synthetic resins and can have various lightening, which allows several possibilities, for example, lightened glass blocks, unlightened resin blocks or lightened resin blocks. The support structure forms a series of beams, which can be made of any of the usual building materials for structures: reinforced concrete or steel. The joint material between the blocks can be any suitable among the conventional sealing and joint products used in building, for example: cement mortars, polymeric mortars, or synthetic resins, or even lack said "bone" material . Between the support structure and the slab a suitable joint material will be interposed, be it concrete, resin mortar or resin, in a manner similar to that described above.
En caso de disponer este forjado a Ia intemperie, el material de junta entre los bloques debe resolver el sellado impermeabilizante o bien se debe realizar un sellado para lograr dicha impermeabilización. Se debe tener en cuenta que cuando este forjado acuse las deformaciones propias de su peso podrá sufrir una fisuración similar a Ia de cualquier otra placa apoyada en el perímetro. Como resultado se obtiene un forjado que es en realidad una bóveda plana. Dicho forjado puede usarse para iluminar estancias inferiores a través de su techo, se pueden aprovechar los efectos decorativos que ofrece, y puede ser pisado por su parte superior.If this floor is disposed outdoors, the joint material between the blocks must resolve the waterproofing seal or a seal must be made to achieve said waterproofing. It should be taken into account that when this slab acknowledges the deformations of its weight, it may suffer a cracking similar to that of any other plate resting on the perimeter. As a result, a slab is obtained which is actually a flat vault. This floor can be used to illuminate lower rooms through its ceiling, you can take advantage of the decorative effects it offers, and it can be stepped on its upper part.
Sus ventajas principales respecto de las soluciones de bóveda plana es que gracias a Ia posibilidad de disponer piezas aligeradas y al hecho de usar resinas sintéticas como material de dichas piezas se permite una construcción más ligera, Io que redunda en un ahorro evidente en Ia estructura que Io soporta, ya que se reducen los pesos y los empujes.Its main advantages over flat vault solutions is that thanks to the possibility of having lightened pieces and the fact of using synthetic resins as a material of said pieces, a lighter construction is allowed, which results in an obvious saving in the structure that It supports it, since weights and thrusts are reduced.
Frente a soluciones de forjado de hormigón traslúcido, Ia presente invención aporta también mayor ligereza y transparencia, teniendo en cuenta que en esta invención no existen armaduras dispuestas entre los bloques. Además de Ia reducción de peso y empuje se obtienen otras ventajas:Compared to translucent concrete slab solutions, the present invention also provides greater lightness and transparency, taking into account that in this invention there are no reinforcements arranged between the blocks. In addition to the reduction of weight and thrust, other advantages are obtained:
Poder usar materiales menos rígidos como bloques.Be able to use less rigid materials as blocks.
Que las deformaciones y por tanto las flechas que sufra este tipo de forjado son menores a igualdad de dimensiones.That the deformations and therefore the arrows suffered by this type of floor are smaller than equal dimensions.
Que como consecuencia de Io anterior el forjado se fisura menos y es más fácil lograr Ia impermeabilización de Ia cara superior para evitar filtraciones ,• del agua de lluvia. Modo de realización de Ia invenciónThat as a consequence of the foregoing, the slab cracks less and it is easier to achieve the waterproofing of the upper face to avoid seepage of the rainwater. Embodiment of the invention
Se construye primero Ia estructura de soporte, ya sea de acero o de hormigón armado. En el caso de que Ia estructura sea de hormigón armado es preferible dejarla construida hasta el nivel superior de los pilares que Ie van a servir de soporte a Ia planta en Ia que se encuentre el forjado de bloques transparentes. Se disponen los encofrados debidamente apuntalados que soportarán el nuevo forjado de bloques y las vigas perimetrales de apoyo. La superficie de dicho encofrado se corresponde con Ia zona señalada (5) en Ia figura 2. Se colocan las armaduras de las vigas (4). A continuación se colocan los bloques transparentes (1) con Ia junta entre ellos (2) de mortero polimérico. Se hormigona el conjunto.First, the support structure is constructed, either of steel or reinforced concrete. In the case that the structure is made of reinforced concrete, it is preferable to leave it built to the upper level of the pillars that will support the plant in which the slab of transparent blocks is located. Properly shielded formwork is provided that will support the new block slab and perimeter support beams. The surface of said formwork corresponds to the area indicated (5) in Figure 2. The reinforcement of the beams (4) are placed. Next, the transparent blocks (1) with the joint between them (2) of polymeric mortar are placed. The whole is concreted.
Una vez endurecido suficientemente el hormigón se retiran los encofrados. Una vez asentado el nuevo forjado, transcurridos varios días, se procede al sellado de las juntas por Ia cara superior mediante silicona transparente para asegurar Ia impermeabilización. Once the concrete has hardened, the formwork is removed. Once the new floor has been seated, after several days, the joints are sealed by the upper face by means of transparent silicone to ensure waterproofing.

Claims

Reivindicaciones Claims
1. Forjado a base de bóveda plana de bloques transparentes caracterizado porque consiste en: bloques de material transparente (1) encajados unos en otros con forma idéntica entre ellos, unidos mediante un material de junta (2) ó sin él y vigas perimetrales de apoyo (3).1. Forged based on a flat vault of transparent blocks characterized in that it consists of: blocks of transparent material (1) embedded in each other in an identical way between them, joined by a joint material (2) or without it and perimeter support beams (3).
2. Forjado a base de bóveda plana de bloques transparentes según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque los bloques transparentes son de resina sintéticas.2. Forged based on a flat vault of transparent blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that the transparent blocks are made of synthetic resin.
3. Forjado a base de bóveda plana de bloques transparentes según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque los bloques transparentes están aligerados porque son huecos en su interior o por presentar una forma cóncava hacia alguna de sus caras. 3. Forged based on a flat vault of transparent blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that the transparent blocks are lightened because they are hollow inside or have a concave shape towards one of their faces.
PCT/ES2009/000063 2008-02-06 2009-02-05 Transparent-block floor WO2009098338A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200800394A ES2362513B1 (en) 2008-02-06 2008-02-06 IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE OBJECT OF THE MAIN PATENT P200301144 BY "SOIL OF SELF-SUPPORTING BLOCKS WITHOUT INTERIOR ARMORS".
ESP200800394 2008-02-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009098338A2 true WO2009098338A2 (en) 2009-08-13
WO2009098338A3 WO2009098338A3 (en) 2009-10-01

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WO (1) WO2009098338A2 (en)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190508392A (en) * 1905-04-19 1906-03-01 William Porritt Ingham Improvements in Bricks or Blocks for Building, Paving, the Construction of Floors or other purposes.
GB191021130A (en) * 1909-11-20 1911-03-09 Friedrich Ludwig Keppler Improvements in Glazed Ferro-concrete Structures such as Floors.
GB857635A (en) * 1958-02-27 1961-01-04 Friedrich Karl Johnssen Improvements in or relating to roof, ceiling, pavement or wall lights
GB1473455A (en) * 1975-06-04 1977-05-11 Kurata T Wall structure of interfitting glass blocks
WO1994025700A1 (en) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-10 Turnstone Construction Limited A method of glazing and glazing elements for use therein
US5836125A (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-11-17 Regina; Samuel R. Interlocking translucent blocks
EP0898028A2 (en) * 1997-08-19 1999-02-24 General Electric Company Thermoplastic building blocks
ES2237989A1 (en) * 2003-05-12 2005-08-01 Universidad De Sevilla Self-supporting glass block for use during construction of floor, has flat roof combined with band, gasket material filled between flat roof and band, and hoop provided with band to absorb horizontal thrusts

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190508392A (en) * 1905-04-19 1906-03-01 William Porritt Ingham Improvements in Bricks or Blocks for Building, Paving, the Construction of Floors or other purposes.
GB191021130A (en) * 1909-11-20 1911-03-09 Friedrich Ludwig Keppler Improvements in Glazed Ferro-concrete Structures such as Floors.
GB857635A (en) * 1958-02-27 1961-01-04 Friedrich Karl Johnssen Improvements in or relating to roof, ceiling, pavement or wall lights
GB1473455A (en) * 1975-06-04 1977-05-11 Kurata T Wall structure of interfitting glass blocks
WO1994025700A1 (en) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-10 Turnstone Construction Limited A method of glazing and glazing elements for use therein
US5836125A (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-11-17 Regina; Samuel R. Interlocking translucent blocks
EP0898028A2 (en) * 1997-08-19 1999-02-24 General Electric Company Thermoplastic building blocks
ES2237989A1 (en) * 2003-05-12 2005-08-01 Universidad De Sevilla Self-supporting glass block for use during construction of floor, has flat roof combined with band, gasket material filled between flat roof and band, and hoop provided with band to absorb horizontal thrusts

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ES2362513A1 (en) 2011-07-07
ES2362513B1 (en) 2012-02-14
WO2009098338A3 (en) 2009-10-01

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