WO2009097729A1 - 高可靠性分布式以太网测控系统 - Google Patents

高可靠性分布式以太网测控系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009097729A1
WO2009097729A1 PCT/CN2008/073317 CN2008073317W WO2009097729A1 WO 2009097729 A1 WO2009097729 A1 WO 2009097729A1 CN 2008073317 W CN2008073317 W CN 2008073317W WO 2009097729 A1 WO2009097729 A1 WO 2009097729A1
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Prior art keywords
network
signal
ethernet
bus
node
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PCT/CN2008/073317
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Linfang Qian
Changying Lai
Xiudong Shi
Jian Jiang
Xianhui Wang
Yadong Xu
Longmiao Chen
Xin Deng
Yuanming Lu
Yan Lu
Guoyan Lu
Jianjun Ren
Zhenjun Meng
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Nanjing University Of Science And Technology
Wuxi Xitong Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Nanjing University Of Science And Technology, Wuxi Xitong Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd. filed Critical Nanjing University Of Science And Technology
Publication of WO2009097729A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009097729A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/4185Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by the network communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31145Ethernet
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the overall technology of measurement and control, in particular to a high reliability distributed measurement and control system with an industrial Ethernet bus as a common transmission channel. Background technique
  • the measurement and control system refers to a system based on digital or analog sensors, with motor, hydraulic, pneumatic and other devices as the power source of the actuator, controlled by one or several computer systems.
  • the signal transmission mode adopted by the traditional measurement and control system is centralized.
  • the main purpose is to connect each sensor to one or several data acquisition devices via signal lines, and then perform signal conditioning, sampling, etc., and finally perform standard signal conversion.
  • the original signal is changed to a standard current signal or a standard voltage signal, which is then read into a control computer or PLC device for reading or processing.
  • This technical solution has its essential shortcomings: (1) There are many signal lines of each sensor, especially in the case of a large number of sensors, and a large number of wire harness layouts are very difficult in the case of limited mechanical structure and layout space; (2) A large number of The wire harness becomes a sensitive antenna that receives external electromagnetic interference. Especially serious is that electromagnetic interference will affect the correctness of the test signal. (3)
  • the control signal and sensor acquisition signal transmission and processing are two separate systems, which increases the cost of the system. . Summary of the invention
  • a technical solution for achieving the object of the present invention is: A highly reliable distributed Ethernet measurement and control system, comprising a main central control computer having a network communication function, the main central control computer being connected to a network switch through a network line, the network switch passing The network line is connected to the node machine, and the node machine is respectively connected to the multi-channel sensor and the actuator through the AD/DA board;
  • the multi-channel sensor converts the measured digital or analog quantity into a standard signal of 4-20 ampere current or 0-10 volts and then inputs it into the AD/DA board for AD conversion.
  • the AD chip performs sampling frequency of not less than 2 times the input signal frequency. After sampling and grading, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal, and then the digital signal is sent to the central controller of the node machine through the PC104 bus, and the central controller identifies and encapsulates the signal to form a source IP address and a destination IP address.
  • the datagram, and then the datagram is repackaged, plus the local network card address, and the destination network card address, that is, the MAC address of the upper computer network card, and then sent to the Ethernet interface card of the node machine through the PC104 bus, the Ethernet interface card will
  • the data is assembled into frames and sent to a level signal for transmission to the Ethernet bus, received, processed and stored by an Ethernet interface card in the main central control computer;
  • the CPU of the main central control computer packs the instructions of a certain node actuator into IP datagrams and sends them to the Ethernet interface card of the industrial control computer, which assembles the data into frames and turns them into level signals.
  • the frame After receiving by the Ethernet interface card of the node machine, the frame is taken apart, the IP datagram is separated, the IP datagram is disassembled, the instruction is separated, and the central controller of the node machine passes the PC104 bus.
  • the instructions are sent to the AD/DA board, which sends the instructions to the actuator of the actuator or actuator for execution.
  • the invention has the significant advantages: the signal output of each sensor and the control command for the executing device are converted and transmitted on the common data bus, so that the following technical effects are obtained: (1) the data is in public The transmission on the bus greatly reduces the number of wiring; (2) The digitized signal is not easily interfered by external electromagnetic signals, and even if it is interfered, it can be retransmitted by the standard error correction mechanism of the network; (3) the redundancy mechanism of the system is The system provides high reliability; (4) The outgoing and incoming signals share a bus, which can reduce system cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high reliability distributed Ethernet measurement and control system of the present invention. detailed description
  • the high reliability distributed Ethernet measurement and control system of the present invention includes an industrial control computer having a network communication function, that is, a main central control computer, and the industrial control computer is connected to a network switch through a network line, and the network switch passes through a network line.
  • the node machine which is connected to the multi-channel sensor and actuator through the AD/DA board.
  • the actuator is a motor, hydraulic system or pneumatic system.
  • the multi-channel sensor converts the measured digital or analog quantity into a standard signal of 4-20 ampere current or 0-10 volts and then inputs it into the AD/DA board for AD conversion.
  • the AD chip performs sampling frequency of not less than 2 times the input signal frequency. After sampling and grading, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal, and then the digital signal is sent to the central controller of the node machine through the PC104 bus, and the central controller identifies and encapsulates the signal to form a source IP address and a destination IP address.
  • the datagram, and then the datagram is repackaged, plus the local network card address, and the destination network card address, that is, the upper computer network card (MAC) address, and then sent to the node machine's Ethernet interface card through the PC104 bus, the Ethernet interface
  • the card assembles the data into frames and sends them into level signals for transmission to the Ethernet bus, which is received, processed and stored by the Ethernet interface card in the industrial control computer (the main central control computer).
  • the CPU of the industrial control computer packs the instructions of a node actuator into IP datagrams and sends them to the Ethernet interface card of the industrial control computer, which assembles the data. Frame and turn it into a level signal broadcast to the Ethernet bus. After receiving the Ethernet interface card of the node machine, the frame is taken apart, the IP datagram is separated, and the IP datagram is opened, and the command is separated.
  • the central controller of the node machine sends the command to the AD/DA board via the PC104 bus, and the AD/DA board sends the command to the actuator of the actuator or the actuator for execution.
  • two industrial control computers can be connected through a heartbeat line composed of a network transmission medium, and the heartbeat lines are respectively inserted into a network interface card of each industrial control computer, at regular intervals.
  • Time sends a pair of ping packets to each other, and waits for a certain period of time. If the other party's response signal is not received, the other party's machine works abnormally.
  • the backup machine records and alarms in time, and takes over the work of the host, and continues to receive the test amount sent by the sensor. Send an instruction to the actuator.
  • the backup switch can also be connected to the backup switch through a dual redundant channel. When the primary switch fails, the backup switch automatically takes over the work through redundant physical lines.
  • the high reliability distributed Ethernet measurement and control system of the invention comprises: a dual redundant central control computer, a heartbeat line and a network adapter supporting a heartbeat line, a dual redundant industrial Ethernet bus switch, and a plurality of node machines with AD/DA conversion functions. , Dual-ring redundant industrial Ethernet fiber or twisted pair.
  • Each of the above central control computers and node machines has its own network interface card, operating system and IP address, and is supported by the Socks programming interface.
  • the central control computer is responsible for the summary and transmission of the overall measurement and control information. Under the control of the operating system and application software, functions such as man-machine interface display, data analysis and processing, data recording, monitoring, alarming, and printing are completed.
  • the central control unit is composed of two high-reliability embedded 32-bit computers (Advantech UNO-2053E) with integrated AMD GX2-400MHz CPU, 2 RS-232 and 1 DB-15VGA interfaces, and 2 Realtek RTL8139CL 10 /100Base-T RJ-45 port network card, 2 USB ports, 1 Type I/II PC card slot, embedded Linux operating system and Xwindows graphical user interface.
  • the heartbeat line is an ordinary Category 5 or Category 6 Ethernet twisted pair cable, which is inserted into an RTL8139CL network interface card of each central control unit.
  • the heartbeat line Under the control of the system software, at regular intervals (generally 100 ⁇ seconds, it should be based on Different systems determine the minimum response time. Send a pair of ping packets to each other, and wait for a certain period of time (usually 100 ⁇ seconds, the minimum response time should be determined according to different systems). If the response signal of the other party is not received, the other party's machine is considered to work. Abnormal, the machine records and alarms in time, and takes over the work of the other party, continues to receive the test volume sent by the sensor and sends instructions to the actuator.
  • the node machine is an embedded computer (Blue Sky BS-PCC-3359) that is small in size, consumes little power and can withstand harsh environments, and has a multifunction with a standard PC104 bus inserted on it.
  • the number of specific measurement and control points is determined by different systems.
  • Input Plug into the PC104 bus of the node machine using a multifunction AD/DA board (Advantech PCM-3718H/HG) with a standard PC104 bus.
  • the sensor converts the measured digital or analog quantity (for example, the vibration measured by the acceleration sensor, the movement measured by the displacement sensor, etc.) into a standard signal of 4-20 ampere current or 0-10V voltage and then input to the AD/DA board.
  • AD conversion the AD chip samples and grades at a sampling frequency of not less than 2 times the input signal frequency, turns the analog signal into a digital signal, and then sends the digital signal to the central controller through the PC104 bus.
  • the central controller programs this signal according to the program.
  • Ethernet interface card Ethernet interface card assembles the data into frames and sends it into a level signal to the Ethernet bus.
  • Output Plug into the PC104 bus of the node machine using a multifunction AD/DA board (Advantech PCM-3718H/HG) with a standard PC104 bus.
  • the CPU will package the instructions of a certain node actuator into IP datagrams and send them to the Ethernet network interface card Realtek RTL8139CL through the PC104 bus.
  • the Ethernet interface card assembles the data into frames and broadcasts them to level signals.
  • the frame is taken apart, the IP datagram is separated, the IP datagram is taken apart, the data command is separated, and the node machine sends the command to the actuator of the actuator or the actuator to execute .
  • the dual redundant industrial Ethernet switch is an industrial Ethernet exchange (ERIC8E-100T), which is in the position of a network switching center. It is used to transmit the correct network frames and ensure as few frames as possible in the shortest time. Conflicts and packet loss. Dual redundant switches are connected internally and between nodes and switches through dual redundant physical lines (fiber or twisted pair), and monitor the communication of the other switch. Once a communication failure occurs in addition to the physical layer damage of the line, the switch can Replace the other party within 1-2 seconds and resume communication.
  • ERIC8E-100T industrial Ethernet exchange
  • the central control computer, dual redundant industrial Ethernet switches, and the interface between the node machines use standard RJ-45 plugs and sockets.
  • the bus cable uses Category 5, Category 5, or Category 6 twisted pair cables to avoid electromagnetic radiation. Influence, the bus cable is placed in the sealed metal groove during wiring construction, and the metal groove is well grounded.
  • the temperature signal of the drying cylinder measured by the temperature sensor and the weight sensor are used to measure the feed weight signal as analog signals, respectively connected to the node machine 1 closest to them, and the acceleration sensor measures the vibration signal of the vibrating screen.
  • Mixing cylinder door switch letter The numbers are respectively connected to the node machine 2 closest to them, and the hot cylinder door drive signal and the cold aggregate conveyor start signal are digital signals, and respectively connected to the node machines 3 closest to them.
  • the central control computer mainframe and backup machine are located on the console in the control room and work at the same time.
  • the dual redundant industrial Ethernet switch is located in the center of the mixer distribution box, displaying the man-machine interface, waiting for the workers to input parameters, storing parameters and automatically calculating the raw materials. proportion.
  • This solution transmits various sensor signals and control signals to the control panel of the central controller or actuator via the Ethernet bus. Thanks to this bus-type architecture, the number of cables in the entire system is gradually reduced from the sensor to the central control unit, until only one cable is required to the central control computer, and it has strong electromagnetic interference, high reliability and high resistance. The advantage of speed.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Description

高可靠性分布式以太网测控系统
技术领域
本发明属于测控总体技术, 特别是一种以工业以太网总线为公共传输 通道的高可靠性分布式测控系统。 背景技术
测控系统指的是以数字或模拟传感器为基础, 以电动机、 液压、 气压 等装置为执行机构的动力源的系统, 由一台或几台计算机系统进行控制。
目前, 传统的测控系统采用的信号传输方式是集中型的, 主要是将各 个传感器经由信号线连接到一个或数个数据采集装置上, 然后进行信号调 理、 采样等变换, 最后进行标准信号转换, 使原信号变为标准电流信号或 标准电压信号,这种标准信号再进入控制计算机或 PLC装置中进行读取或 处理。 该技术方案有其本质的不足: (1 ) 各传感器信号线繁多, 特别是传 感器数量多的情况下, 和在机械结构、 布局空间有限的情况下大量的线束 布局非常困难; (2) 大量的线束成为接收外界电磁干扰的灵敏的天线, 尤 其严重的是电磁干扰会影响测试信号的正确性; (3 ) 控制信号与传感器的 采集信号传输和处理是两套分离的系统, 增加了系统的成本。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种通过以太网总线传输多个信号, 并具有优 良的数据通信能力、 数据转换能力和高可靠性的分布式以太网测控系统。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为: 一种高可靠性分布式以太网测控 系统, 包括具有网络通信功能的主中央控制计算机, 该主中央控制计算机 通过网络线与网络交换机连接, 该网络交换机通过网络线与节点机连接, 该节点机通过 AD/DA板分别与多路传感器和执行机构连接;
多路传感器将测量的数字量或模拟量变为 4-20亳安电流或 0-10V电压 的标准信号后输入 AD/DA板进行 AD转换, AD芯片以不小于 2倍输入信 号频率的采样频率进行采样、 分级后将模拟信号变成数字信号, 然后将数 字信号通过 PC104总线送入节点机的中央控制器,该中央控制器对此信号 进行标识和封装, 形成带有源 IP地址和目的 IP地址的数据报, 然后将此 数据报再次封装, 加上本机网卡地址, 和目的网卡地址, 即上位机网卡 MAC地址后通过 PC104总线送往节点机的以太网界面卡, 该以太网界面 卡将数据组装成帧并将其变为电平信号发送到以太网总线上, 由主中央控 制计算机中的以太网界面卡接收、 处理和存储; 主中央控制计算机的 CPU将某个节点执行机构的指令打包成 IP数据 报并发送到工业控制计算机的以太网界面卡中, 该以太网界面卡将数据组 装成帧并将其变为电平信号广播到以太网总线上, 由节点机的以太网界面 卡接收后, 将帧拆开, 分离出 IP数据报, 再将 IP数据报拆开, 分离出指 令,节点机的中央控制器通过 PC104总线将指令送往 AD/DA板,该 AD/DA 板将指令送往执行机构或执行机构的驱动器来执行。
本发明与现有技术相比, 其显著优点: 将各个传感器的信号输出和对 于执行装置的控制命令经转换后在公共数据总线上传输, 这样有以下几点 技术效果: (1 ) 数据在公共总线上传输使得布线数量大大减少; (2) 数字 化的信号不易受外界电磁信号干扰, 即使受到了干扰, 也可以用以太网络 的标准纠错机制重发;(3 )本系统的冗余机制为系统提供了较高的可靠性; (4) 传出、 传入信号共用一条总线, 可以降低系统成本。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。 附图说明
图 1是本发明高可靠性分布式以太网测控系统原理图。 具体实施方式
结合附图, 本发明高可靠性分布式以太网测控系统, 包括具有网络通 信功能的工业控制计算机, 即主中央控制计算机, 该工业控制计算机通过 网络线与网络交换机连接, 该网络交换机通过网络线与节点机连接, 该节 点机通过 AD/DA板分别与多路传感器和执行机构连接。 该执行机构为电 机、 液压系统或气动系统。
多路传感器将测量的数字量或模拟量变为 4-20亳安电流或 0-10V电压 的标准信号后输入 AD/DA板进行 AD转换, AD芯片以不小于 2倍输入信 号频率的采样频率进行采样、 分级后将模拟信号变成数字信号, 然后将数 字信号通过 PC104总线送入节点机的中央控制器,该中央控制器对此信号 进行标识和封装, 形成带有源 IP地址和目的 IP地址的数据报, 然后将此 数据报再次封装, 加上本机网卡地址, 和目的网卡地址, 即上位机网卡 (MAC) 地址后通过 PC104总线送往节点机的以太网界面卡, 该以太网 界面卡将数据组装成帧并将其变为电平信号发送到以太网总线上, 由工业 控制计算机 (主中央控制计算机) 中的以太网界面卡接收、 处理和存储。
工业控制计算机的 CPU将某个节点执行机构的指令打包成 IP数据报 并发送到工业控制计算机的以太网界面卡中, 该以太网界面卡将数据组装 成帧并将其变为电平信号广播到以太网总线上, 由节点机的以太网界面卡 接收后, 将帧拆开, 分离出 IP数据报, 再将 IP数据报拆开, 分离出指令, 节点机的中央控制器通过 PC104总线将指令送往 AD/DA板, 该 AD/DA 板将指令送往执行机构或执行机构的驱动器来执行。
上述的高可靠性分布式以太网测控系统中, 可以将两台工业控制计算 机通过网络传输介质组成的心跳线连接, 该心跳线分别插入每台工业控制 计算机的一个网络界面卡中, 每隔一定时间互相发送一对 ping包, 并等待 一定时间, 如果未收到对方的应答信号则认为对方机器工作异常, 备份机 及时进行记录和报警, 并接替主机的工作, 继续接收传感器发送的测试量 并向执行机构发送指令。 网络交换机上也可以通过双冗余通道连接备份交 换机, 当主交换机失效时,备份交换机通过冗余的物理线路自动接替工作。
实施例
本发明高可靠性分布式以太网测控系统含有: 双冗余中央控制计算 机、 心跳线及支持心跳线的网络适配器、 双冗余工业以太网总线交换机、 具有 AD/DA转换功能的节点机若干台、 双环冗余工业以太网光纤或双绞 线。 上述每台中央控制计算机和节点机均具有自己的网络界面卡、 操作系 统和 IP地址, 有 Socks编程界面的支持。
中央控制计算机负责总体测量和控制信息的汇总和发送, 在操作系统 和应用软件的控制下, 完成人机界面显示、 数据分析和处理、 数据记录、 监控、 报警、 打印等功能。
中央控制机是由 2台高可靠性嵌入式 32位计算机(研华 UNO-2053E) 组成, 板上集成 AMD GX2-400MHz CPU, 2个 RS-232和 1个 DB-15VGA 接口, 2个 Realtek RTL8139CL 10/100Base-T RJ-45端口网卡, 2个 USB接 口 1个 Type I/II PC卡插槽,采用嵌入式 Linux操作系统和 Xwindows图形 用户界面。
心跳线采用普通 5类或 6类以太网双绞线, 分别插入每台中央控制机 的一个 RTL8139CL网络接口卡中, 在系统软件的控制下, 每隔一定时间 (一般为 100亳秒, 应根据不同的系统确定最小响应时间) 互相发送一对 ping包, 并等待一定时间 (一般为 100亳秒, 应根据不同的系统确定最小 响应时间), 如果未收到对方的应答信号则认为对方机器工作异常, 本机 及时进行记录和报警, 并接替对方的工作, 继续接收传感器发送的测试量 并向执行机构发送指令。
节点机是体积较小, 耗电很少并能耐受恶劣环境的的嵌入式计算机 (蓝天 BS-PCC-3359 ) , 并在其上插入了具有标准 PC104 总线的多功能 AD/DA板, 具体的测控点数由不同的系统确定。
输入: 使用具有标准 PC104 总线的多功能 AD/DA 板 (研华 PCM-3718H/HG), 插入节点机的 PC104总线中。 传感器将测量的数字量 或模拟量 (比如: 加速度传感器测量到的振动、 位移传感器测量到的移动 等) 变为 4-20亳安电流或 0-10V 电压的标准信号后输入 AD/DA板进行 AD转换, AD芯片以不小于 2倍输入信号频率的采样频率进行采样、分级 后将模拟信号变成数字信号,然后将数字信号通过 PC104总线送入中央控 制器, 中央控制器按程序对此信号进行标识和封装,形成带有源 IP地址和 目的 IP地址的数据报, 然后将此数据报再次封装, 加上本机 MAC地址, 和目的 MAC地址, 即上位机 MAC地址后通过 PC104总线送往以太网界 面卡, 以太网界面卡将数据组装成帧并将其变为电平信号发送到以太网总 线上, 由主中央控制计算机中的另一个 Realtek RTL8139CL 10/100Base-T RJ-45端口网卡接收、 处理和存储。
输出: 使用具有标准 PC104 总线的多功能 AD/DA 板 (研华 PCM-3718H/HG), 插入节点机的 PC104总线中。 CPU将给以某个节点执 行机构的指令打包成 IP数据报并通过 PC104总线发送到以太网网络界面 卡 Realtek RTL8139CL中, 以太网界面卡将数据组装成帧并将其变为电平 信号广播到以太网总线上, 由节点机接收后,将帧拆开,分离出 IP数据报, 再将 IP数据报拆开,分离出数据指令,节点机将指令送往执行机构或执行 机构的驱动器来执行。
双冗余工业以太网交换机为工业以太网交换 (美国科动工业以太网交 换机 EICP8M-100T), 处于网络交换中心的地位, 用于在最短的时间内传 输正确的网络帧并保证尽量少的帧冲突和丢包。 双冗余交换机内部之间和 各节点与交换机之间通过双冗余物理线路 (光纤或双绞线) 连接, 并监控 对方交换机的通信, 一旦发生除线路物理层损坏的通信故障情况, 交换机 可以在 1-2亳秒内取代对方并恢复通信。
中心控制计算机、 双冗余工业以太网交换机、 节点机之间的接口均使 用标准的 RJ-45插头和插座, 总线电缆使用 5类、 5类增强或 6类双绞线, 为避免电磁辐射的影响, 总线电缆在布线施工时放入密封金属槽内, 并使 金属槽良好接地。
本发明高可靠性分布式以太网测控系统的应用实例:
在无锡锡通沥青搅拌测控系统上, 使用温度传感器测量的干燥筒温度 信号、 重量传感器测量进料重量信号为模拟信号, 分别接入距离它们最近 的节点机 1, 加速度传感器测量振动筛的振动信号、 搅拌缸缸门门开关信 号分别接入距离它们最近的节点机 2, 热料缸门驱动信号、 冷骨料传送带 启动信号为数字信号, 分别接入距离它们最近的节点机 3。
中央控制计算机主机和备份机位于控制室内的控制台上, 同时工作, 双冗余工业以太网交换机位于位于搅拌机配电箱中心, 显示人机界面, 等 待工人输入参数, 存储参数并自动计算原料的比例。
此方案通过以太网总线将各种传感器信号和控制信号传输到中心控 制机或执行机构的控制板。 由于具备这种总线型的体系结构, 整个系统的 线缆数量由传感器到中央控制机逐步下降, 直至最后只需要一根电缆通到 中央控制计算机, 并具有抗强电磁干扰、 高可靠性和高速度的优势。

Claims

权 力 要 求 书
1. 一种高可靠性分布式以太网测控系统,包括具有网络通信功能的主中央 控制计算机, 其特征在于: 该主中央控制计算机通过网络线与网络交换机 连接, 该网络交换机通过网络线与节点机连接, 该节点机通过 AD/DA板 分别与多路传感器和执行机构连接;
多路传感器将测量的数字量或模拟量变为 4-20亳安电流或 0-10V电压 的标准信号后输入 AD/DA板进行 AD转换, AD芯片以不小于 2倍输入信 号频率的采样频率进行采样、 分级后将模拟信号变成数字信号, 然后将数 字信号通过 PC104总线送入节点机的中央控制器,该中央控制器对此信号 进行标识和封装, 形成带有源 IP地址和目的 IP地址的数据报, 然后将此 数据报再次封装, 加上本机网卡地址, 和目的网卡地址, 即上位机网卡 MAC地址后通过 PC104总线送往节点机的以太网界面卡, 该以太网界面 卡将数据组装成标准以太网络帧并将其变为电平信号发送到以太网总线 上, 由主中央控制计算机中的以太网界面卡接收、 处理和存储;
所述的主中央控制计算机的 CPU将给某个节点执行机构的指令打包 成 IP数据报并发送到工业控制计算机的以太网界面卡中,该以太网界面卡 将数据加入目的节点机的 MAC地址并组装成标准以太网络帧并将其变为 电平信号广播到以太网总线上, 由节点机的以太网界面卡接收后, 将帧拆 开, 分离出 IP数据报, 再将 IP数据报拆开, 分离出指令, 节点机的中央 控制器通过 PC104总线将指令送往 AD/DA板, 该 AD/DA板将指令变为 模拟信号送往执行机构或执行机构的驱动器来执行。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的高可靠性分布式测控系统, 其特征在于: 执行机 构为可以接收模拟或数字信号的电机、 液压系统或气动系统。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的高可靠性分布式测控系统, 其特征在于: 两台工 业控制计算机通过网络传输介质组成的心跳线连接, 该心跳线分别插入每 台工业控制计算机的一个网络界面卡中, 每隔一定时间互相发送一对 ping 包, 并等待一定时间, 如果未收到对方的应答信号则认为对方机器工作异 常, 备份机及时进行记录和报警, 并接替主机的工作, 继续接收传感器发
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的高可靠性分布式测控系统, 其特征在于: 网络交 换机及所有节点机上通过双冗余通道连接备份交换机, 当主交换机失效 时, 备份交换机自动接替工作。
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