WO2009079930A1 - Procédé et appareil permettant de décortiquer une graine de plante - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil permettant de décortiquer une graine de plante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009079930A1
WO2009079930A1 PCT/CN2008/070266 CN2008070266W WO2009079930A1 WO 2009079930 A1 WO2009079930 A1 WO 2009079930A1 CN 2008070266 W CN2008070266 W CN 2008070266W WO 2009079930 A1 WO2009079930 A1 WO 2009079930A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
peeling
plant
plant seeds
skin
cooling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/070266
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jun Sheng
Yong Cheng
Xing Sheng
Original Assignee
Shanghai Invent Logistic And Technology Co., Ltd.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Invent Logistic And Technology Co., Ltd. filed Critical Shanghai Invent Logistic And Technology Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2009079930A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009079930A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B5/00—Grain treatment not otherwise provided for
    • B02B5/02—Combined processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L11/01—Pulses or legumes in form of whole pieces or fragments thereof, without mashing or comminuting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/197—Treatment of whole grains not provided for in groups A23L7/117 - A23L7/196
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N15/00—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs
    • A23N15/10—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs for shelling peas or beans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B1/00—Preparing grain for milling or like processes
    • B02B1/08—Conditioning grain with respect to temperature or water content
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a processing device for peeling plant seeds, in particular to a peeling method and a peeling device for plant seeds such as beans, corn and rape on the kernel.
  • Plant seeds (such as beans, corn, and colza) play an important role in people's lives because plant seeds can be used as food for people or as feed for aquaculture. In many cases, plant seeds can be used better after peeling.
  • soybeans have been used at home and abroad to peel the soybeans to increase the protein content of the soybean meal.
  • the traditional steam is first used to soften the soybean hulls, so that the soybean hulls and the kernels are separated, and then the method of drying and crushing and peeling is treated. Because of this traditional steam soybean softening and peeling method, the hot peeling equipment Large investment, high heat energy consumption, large land use area, complicated processing operation, long maintenance time, and special plant placement.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a plant seed cooling and peeling method for the defects existing in the prior art, the plant seed comprising beans, corn, rapeseed, and the peeling method comprising the following steps:
  • the step of separating the peeled skin kernel mixture is the step of separating the peeled skin kernel mixture.
  • the invention also provides a device for cooling and peeling plant seeds, comprising:
  • a cooling device that receives the delivered plant seeds and cools them
  • a peeling device for peeling the cooled plant seeds
  • the separation device separates the peeled skin kernel mixture.
  • the temperature tolerance of the present invention is large compared with the hot steam method peeling temperature control, and the nutrition of the plant seeds is not affected by the temperature control being too high or too low or the cooling time is too long. Ingredients, will not cause damage to the nutrients of plant seeds.
  • no pollution discharge greatly improving the protection of the environment, greatly saving the burning energy, small equipment, less investment, processing process, short peeling time, high peeling rate, beans
  • the quality of peeling processing is good.
  • the import of genetically modified soybeans is carried out by exporting cooled and peeled containers. Since the plant seeds have no regenerative capacity after peeling, this method can greatly protect the safety of imported genetically modified organisms and the safety of agricultural production and ecological environment.
  • the bean skin heating device removes the nutrient factor from the bean skin, removes the anti-nutritional factor in the bean skin, and greatly improves the nutritional value of the bean skin as a feed.
  • the soy skin is pulverized by a pulverizer and a pellet granulator to greatly enhance the value of the hull feed and the convenience of use, so that the resources can be fully utilized.
  • Other plant seeds have the same effect by removing anti-nutritional factors.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a peeling device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a more detailed structural diagram of the refrigerator 7;
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart of the seed peeling method of the present invention. detailed description
  • the invention adopts the method of cooling and peeling the plant seeds, and the plant seeds are screened and cleaned, and then cooled according to different plants such as: the size of the beans, corn, rapeseed, the cooling flow of the plant seeds, and the normal temperature of the plant seeds. Temperature; let different granule plant seeds enter the -5 at room temperature. ⁇ -60.
  • the water in the plant epidermis is solidified at low temperature, and the plant epidermis structure is hard and brittle, which causes the contraction of the husk fiber, corn husk fiber and rapeseed epidermal fiber to separate from the bean core and corn kernel structure.
  • the cooled soybeans, corn, and rapeseed are put into a peeling machine for rubbing and peeling, and then the soybeans, corn, and rapeseed are placed in a skin kernel separator to separate the skin kernels by wind.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the peeling process and equipment.
  • the peeling device is mainly composed of a permanent magnet cylinder, a screening machine, a heat recovery device, a heater, a cooler, a peeling machine, a bean masher, a particle maker, and a controller.
  • the feeder 1 is connected with the permanent magnet cylinder 2, the soybean enters the permanent magnet cylinder 2 through the feeder 1 for iron impurity cleaning, and then passes through the screening machine feed port 4, and the soybean after the iron impurity is cleaned is sent to the screening machine 3, the permanent magnet
  • the cartridge 2 is connected to the filter inlet 4, (if the ambient temperature is lower than 5 °C, the heat recovery device 44 is turned on to heat the soybeans in the screening machine 3), and the heat recovery device 44 passes through the hot air duct 43 and the screening machine 3.
  • the soybeans after the impurity screening are flowed into the cooler 9 from the discharge port 5 of the screening machine, and the discharge port 5 of the screening machine is connected to the inlet 10 of the cooler, and the impurities after the screening are discharged from the impurity outlet 6 of the screening machine ( Collected after collection).
  • the refrigerator 7 is connected to the low-temperature cooler air inlet 13 through the refrigerator air supply duct 8 to supply air to the cooler 9.
  • the screened soybeans flow from the screening machine 3 into the cooler 9, and the soybeans are sent to the cooler discharge port 12 by the cooler discharge auger 11 to maintain the temperature in the cooler 9, at the low temperature cooler inlet 10
  • a cooler air curtain 14 is attached to the low temperature cooler discharge port 12, respectively.
  • the chiller discharge port 12 is connected to the peeler feed port 16, and the cooled soybeans flow into the peeler 15 through the chiller discharge port 12 and the peeler feed port 16 through the peeler stainless steel drum 17
  • the cooled soybean is subjected to friction peeling, and a peeling machine suction port 18 is provided on one side of the peeling machine 15, and the peeling machine suction port 18 is connected to the fan 20 of the Piren separator 23 via the suction pipe 21, and the skin is separated.
  • the separation fan fine bean skin discharge port 28 is connected with the bean skin temporary storage bin inlet port 30, and 26 is a fan air outlet.
  • peeling During the process, a part of the fine bean skin is sucked through the suction pipe 21, and the fine bean skin discharge port 28 and the bean skin temporary storage bin inlet 30 are temporarily stored in the bean skin temporary storage bin 29, after being rubbed.
  • the skin kernel mixture is passed through the peeling machine discharge port 19 by the hoist 22 to pass the skin kernel mixture through the skin separator inlet 24 into the skin separator 23, and the separated net bean kernel is separated from the kernel by the skin kernel machine.
  • the discharge port 25 flows out (transfers or transports other processing workshops), and the separated soybean hull flows into the bean skin temporary storage bin 29 from the skin separator outlet 27 of the Piren separator, and the temporary storage bin is provided with a heating device 45, a heating device 45 is connected with the hot air duct 43, and the hot air discharged from the refrigerator is sent by the heat recovery device 44 to the heating device through the hot air duct 43 during the process of heating the denutrition factor by the heat recovery device 44, and is heated by the heating device.
  • the hot gas is brought to the required temperature to treat the soybean hull by the denutrition factor, and the bean husk temporary storage bin 29 is connected with the husk separator hopper outlet 27, which is timed or quantitatively passed through the bean husk storage bin.
  • 31 will transfer the bean skin through the bean skin storage tank bottom auger outlet 32, bean skin
  • the crusher feed port 34 is sent to the soybean hull grinder 33 for pulverization, and the pulverized soybean hull is introduced into the bean granulator 36 through the bean masher discharge port 35 and the bean granulator feed port 37.
  • the granules which are made of granules, are discharged from the bean granulator discharge port 38 (transport or transport to other processing plants). turn off.
  • the larger the diameter of the plant seed the lower the required refrigeration temperature
  • the smaller the diameter of the plant seed the higher the required refrigeration temperature.
  • Each device is connected to the controller 39 via a sensor and an electrical connection wire 42.
  • the operation of each device part is transmitted to the controller 39 via the sensor and the electrical connection wire 42, and the device operation status of each part is displayed on the display through the controller display screen 40.
  • a control program is provided in the computer of the controller 39, and the controller operates the entire set of the peeling device through the button 41.
  • the cooling method of the present invention is a direct cooling type (not shown in Fig. 1) and an intercooled type (shown in Fig. 1).
  • the direct cooling type is:
  • the refrigerator 7 can directly send the cold air to the peeling machine 15, the refrigerator and the peeling machine are connected, and there is no cooling machine in the middle, and the refrigerator sends the cold air directly to the peeling machine to cool and rub the plant seeds. Peeled.
  • the intercooling type is: the refrigerator 7 is connected to the low temperature cooler 9, the cooler is connected to the peeling machine, and the refrigerator sends the cold air to the low temperature cooler 9 to cool the plant seeds, and then the cooled plants are sent. Leather The machine is rubbed and peeled.
  • FIG. 2 shows a more specific composition of the interior of the refrigerator 7.
  • the refrigerator 7 includes a temperature control panel 7-2, a temperature control line 7-4, and a refrigeration unit 7-6.
  • the temperature control panel 7-2 has a temperature control knob (not shown), its output is connected to the temperature control circuit 7-4, and the temperature control circuit 7-4 is connected to the refrigeration unit 7-6.
  • the temperature control panel 7-2 has a temperature indicating scale for the operator to turn the knob to adjust the temperature setting in the temperature control line 7-4.
  • the temperature control line 7-4 controls the cooling temperature of the cooling unit 7-6 according to the knob setting. Since the temperature control circuit 7-4 and the cooling device 7-6 are themselves in the prior art as the temperature control panel 7-2, a more specific internal structure is not explained in more detail.
  • Figure 3 shows the seed peeling process flow. As shown in Figure 3:
  • the diameter of a batch of seeds is measured using a diameter test apparatus. It should be noted that the diameter of each seed in a batch of seeds may vary slightly, but the upper limit of the diameter range of the seeds can be determined by well-known statistical methods as the diameter of the seed. In addition, the equipment for testing the diameter of objects (including seeds) is inherent in the prior art and will not be described in detail herein.
  • step 302 the operator adjusts the cooling temperature output by the refrigerator 7 through the temperature control panel 7-2 of Fig. 2 in accordance with the test result of step 301.
  • Step 303 the feeder 1 sends the seed that needs to be peeled to the permanent magnet cylinder 2, and then transports it to the screening machine.
  • Step 304 screening the iron impurities and other impurities in the seed in the permanent magnet cylinder 2 and the screening machine 3, respectively.
  • the plant seeds can be cooled in a cooler 7 or a peeler 15.
  • step 306 the seeds are rubbed in the peeling machine 15 through the cooled seeds to separate the seed and the skin from each other to achieve peeling.
  • Step 307 the peeled mixture is subjected to separation of the kernels in the separator 23. More specifically, the skin kernel mixture is separated during the delivery to the separator 23 or in the separator 23 by the influence of different light and heavy objects of the wind.
  • the Pirin mixture is separated to yield two products, the plant seed kernels and the skin, and the seed and skin are separated into two outlets for treatment.
  • Step 311 discharging from the separator discharge port 25, outputting the seed kernel, and transferring the seed kernel to other processing vehicles.
  • Step 321 After step 307, the skin is processed, and in step 321 , the skin is deprotected from the nutrient factor, and the skin of the skin temporarily stored by the heater 45 is heated to perform the anti-nutritional factor.
  • the heating temperature is preferably 85 °C - 115 °C.
  • step 322 the skin is pulverized in the pulverizer 33.
  • Step 323 granulating the pulverized skin in the granulator 36 to obtain hull particles of the seed.
  • steps 301 and 302 in FIG. 3 may be omitted, and the present invention can adjust the temperature of the refrigerator 7 to be sufficiently low, and the plant seeds of different diameters and humidity can be cooled and peeled, and the operation step is simple. . But doing so sometimes wastes power. Therefore, after adding steps 301 and 302, the cooling temperature can be adjusted according to the diameter and humidity of the seed, thereby saving power.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)

Description

植物种子去皮方法与装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种植物种子去皮的方法与加工设备,特别涉及一种仁上有 表皮的植物种子如豆类、 玉米、 菜子去皮方法与去皮装置。 背景技术
植物种子 （如豆类、 玉米、 菜子）在人们的生存中起着重要作用， 因为 植物种子能作为人们的食品或者作为养殖业的饲料。 在许多情况下， 植物种 子去皮后能更好地使用。 以大豆为例， 国内外已经采用了大豆在压榨加工过 程中， 将大豆去皮来提高豆粕的蛋白含量。 但是目前国内外都采用了传统的 蒸汽先对大豆皮进行软化， 使大豆皮和仁分开， 再进行烘干破碎去皮处理的 方法， 由于这一传统的蒸汽大豆软化去皮方法， 热去皮设备投资大、 热能源 消耗高、 土地使用面积大、 加工操作复杂、 维修时间长、 并且必须有专用的 厂房安置,此外采用蒸汽软化、 烘干、 粉碎去皮加工方式过程控制要求高、 处 理难度大。 一旦控制处理不当， 还会造成对豆类蛋白成分的影响， 由于采用 热蒸汽加热， 在燃料燃烧过程中， 产生大量的二氧化碳和二氧化硫， 对大气 造成严重的污染。 另外， 大豆的皮中存在一种抗营养因子， 如果不经过加热 脱抗营养因子， 会影响动物对豆皮中营养物质的吸收。 传统热蒸汽法对分离 出来的豆皮没有进行脱抗营养因子， 营养价值利用低， 被牛、 羊等牲畜消化 系统吸收率低， 一般不作为牲畜的饲料。
这种传统蒸汽对豆类的去皮法对于其它植物种子（如玉米、 菜子）也有 同样的缺点。 发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的缺陷,提供了一种植物种子冷却 去皮方法， 所述植物种子包括豆类、 玉米、 菜籽， 所述去皮方法包括如下步 骤：
对植物种子进行冷却的步骤； 对冷却后的植物种子进行去皮的步骤；
对去皮后的皮仁混合物进行分离的步骤。
本发明还提供了一种植物种子冷却去皮的装置， 包括：
冷却装置， 接收输送来的植物种子， 并对其进行低温冷却；
去皮装置， 对经冷却的植物种子进行脱皮；
分离装置， 对去皮后的皮仁混合物进行分离。
由于采用了冷却去皮法， 与热蒸汽法去皮温度控制相比， 本发明控制温 度的耐误差性大， 不会因为温度控制过高或过低或者冷却时间过长而影响植 物种子的营养成分， 不会对植物种子的营养蛋白造成破坏。 在去皮加工过程 中， 无污染排放， 大大提高了环境的保护， 极大节约了燃烧能源， 设备体积 小、 投资少、 加工工艺筒单、 去皮加工时间短、 去皮率高、 豆类去皮加工品 质好。 特别对进口转基因大豆， 采用出口地冷却去皮集装箱装运进口， 由于 去皮后植物种子已无再生能力， 因此该方法可以极大保护进口我国转基因生 物的安全和农业生产及生态环境的安全。
由于采用植物种子去皮方法与装置， 彻底改变了传统蒸汽热大豆去皮加 工的设备和加工工艺， 通过冷却去皮工艺， 能保证大豆在去皮加工过程中， 大豆蛋白和赖氨酸成分不会得到任何的改变，植物去皮率可以到达 96%以上。 目前未去皮大豆压榨后生产的豆粕蛋白含量在 43%, 而经过去皮后的大豆压 榨生产的豆粕蛋白含量可以达到 48%以上，这将大大减少鱼粉对饲料的掺入， 有效的降低了饲料成本和提高了豆粕的饲用价值。 其他植物种子经过冷却去 皮， 也有同样的效果。
并且通过豆皮加热装置对豆皮脱抗营养因子，去除豆皮中的抗营养因子， 大大提高豆皮的作为饲料的营养价值。 再将豆皮通过粉碎机粉碎和颗粒制粒 机制作极大提升豆皮饲料的价值和使用的方便性,使资源得到充分的利用。 其 他植物种子经过脱抗营养因子， 也有同样的效果。 附图说明
图 1 是本发明的去皮设备示意图；
图 2是制冷机 7中更具体结构示意图； 图 3 是本发明种子去皮方法流程。 具体实施方式
本发明采用植物种子冷却去皮方法， 对植物种子经筛选清理后进行冷却, 根据不同的植物例如： 豆类、 玉米、 菜子的颗粒大小、 植物种子冷却流量、 植物种子常温来调节设定冷却的温度； 使在常温下的不同颗粒植物种子进入 -5。 ~ -60。冷却环境之中， 造成植物种子在低温情况下， 植物表皮中的水分得 到凝固， 植物表皮结构发硬发脆， 使得豆皮纤维、 玉米皮纤维和菜子表皮纤 维收缩与豆核、 玉米核结构分离， 再将冷却后的大豆、 玉米、 菜子放入去皮 机进行摩擦去皮， 然后再将大豆、 玉米、 菜子放入皮仁分离机采用风力方式 进行皮仁分离。
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明的实施例：
图 1是去皮工艺流程及设备示意图。 去皮装置主要由永磁筒、 筛选机、 热能回收装置、 加热器、 冷却机、 去皮机、 豆皮粉碎机、 颗粒制作机和控制 器组成。 送料机 1与永磁筒 2相连接， 大豆通过送料机 1进入永磁筒 2进行 铁杂质清理， 然后通过筛选机进料口 4,将清理铁杂质后的大豆送入筛选机 3 , 永磁筒 2和筛选机进料口 4相连接，（如果环境温度低于 5 °C打开热能回收装 置 44对筛选机 3中的大豆进行加热）， 热能回收装置 44通过热风管 43与筛 选机 3相连接， 经过杂质筛选后的大豆从筛选机出料口 5流入冷却机 9, 筛 选机出料口 5和冷却机进料口 10相连接，经过筛选后的杂质从筛选机杂质出 口 6流出（收集后集中处理）。 制冷机 7通过制冷机送风管 8连接低温冷却机 进风口 13给冷却机 9送风。经过筛选后的大豆从筛选机 3流入冷却机 9,由冷 却机出料绞龙 11将大豆输送至冷却机出料口 12, 为了保持冷却机 9内的温 度， 在低温冷却机进料口 10和低温冷却机出料口 12分别安装了冷却机隔风 帘 14。冷却机出料口 12与去皮机进料口 16相连接，经过冷却后的大豆通过冷 却机出料口 12和去皮机进料口 16流入去皮机 15 ,经过去皮机不锈钢滚筒 17 对冷却后的大豆进行摩擦去皮，去皮机 15的一侧设有去皮机吸风口 18, 去皮 机吸风口 18经吸风管 21与皮仁分离机 23的风机 20连接， 皮仁分离风机细 小豆皮出料口 28和豆皮暂储仓进料口 30相连接， 26为风机出风口。 在去皮 过程中通过吸风管 21吸走部分细小的豆皮，经皮仁分离机细小豆皮出料口 28、 豆皮暂储仓进料口 30进入豆皮暂储仓 29暂存， 经过磨擦后的皮仁混合物通 过去皮机出料口 19由提升机 22将皮仁混合物通过皮仁分离机进料口 24进入 皮仁分离机 23 , 经过分离后的净豆仁由皮仁分离机豆仁出料口 25流出 （转 运或运送其它加工车间）， 经过分离后的豆皮由皮仁分离机豆皮出料口 27流 入豆皮暂储仓 29,暂储仓设有加热装置 45 ,加热装置 45和热风管 43相连接， 豆皮在暂储仓 29加热脱营养因子过程中， 由热能回收装置 44将制冷机排出 的热风通过热风管 43向加热装置输送热风，由加热装置经加温后使热气达到 所需要的温度对豆皮进行脱营养因子处理，豆皮暂储仓 29和皮仁分离机豆皮 出料口 27相连接， 定时或定量通过豆皮暂储仓底绞龙 31将豆皮经由豆皮暂 储仓底绞龙出料口 32、 豆皮粉碎机进料口 34输送到豆皮粉碎机 33内进行粉 碎， 粉碎后的豆皮经由豆皮粉碎机出料口 35、 豆皮制粒机进料口 37进入豆 皮制粒机 36进行制粒， 制成的豆皮颗粒由豆皮制粒机出料口 38流出 （转运 或运送其它加工车间）。 关。 具体地说， 植物种子的直径越大， 所需的制冷温度就越低； 植物种子的 直径越小， 所需的制冷温度就高些。 如：
1.颗粒 2mm设定冷却温度 -5。 ~ -25°
2.颗粒 5mm设定冷却温度 -25。 ~ -45°
3. 颗粒 10mm设定冷却温度 -45° ~ -60°
各个设备经传感器及电气连接导线 42与控制器 39连接,各个设备部位工 作情况经传感器及电气连接导线 42传送给控制器 39, 并通过控制器显示屏 40将各部位的设备工作情况显示在显示屏幕上,控制器 39的电脑中设有控制 程序， 控制器通过按钮 41操纵整套去皮装置。
本发明的冷却方式有直冷式（图 1未示）和间冷式（图 1所示）。 直冷式 是： 制冷机 7可将冷气直接送入去皮机 15 , 制冷机和去皮机相连接， 中间无 冷却机， 制冷机将冷气直接送入去皮机对植物种子进行冷却并摩擦去皮。 间 冷式是： 制冷机 7和低温冷却机 9相连接， 冷却机与去皮机相连接， 制冷机 将冷气送入低温冷却机 9对植物种子进行冷却， 再将冷却后的植物送入去皮 机进行磨擦去皮。
图 2显示了制冷机 7内部更具体的组成。 制冷机 7包括， 温度控制面板 7-2, 温度控制线路 7-4和制冷设备 7-6。 温度控制面板 7-2上面有温度控制旋 钮（图中未示）， 其输出与温度控制线路 7-4连接， 温度控制线路 7-4与制冷 装置 7-6连接。温度控制面板 7-2有温度指示刻度， 以便操作员旋转旋钮来调 节温度控制线路 7-4中的温度设置，温度控制线路 7-4根据旋钮设置来控制制 冷装置 7-6的制冷温度。 因为作为温度控制面板 7-2, 温度控制线路 7-4和制 冷装置 7-6本身来说是现有技术， 所以对其内部更具体的结构未作更详细的 说明。
图 3表示种子去皮方法流程。 如图 3所示：
在步骤 301 , 使用直径测试设备对一批种子的直径进行测量。 应当说明 的是一批种子中每粒种子的直径可能稍有差异， 但是用公知统计的方法能测 出这批种子的直径范围的上限作为该批种子的直径。 另外， 测试物体（包括 种子） 直径的设备本身属于现有技术， 故在此不作详述。
在步骤 302, 操作员根据步骤 301的测试结果通过图 2中的温度控制面 板 7-2来调节制冷机 7输出的冷却温度。
步骤 303 , 送料机 1将需要脱皮的种子送到永磁筒 2, 然后输送到筛选机
3。
步骤 304, 在永磁筒 2和筛选机 3中分别对种子中的铁质杂质和其他杂 质进行筛选。
在步骤 305 , 植物种子可以在冷却机 7或者去皮机 15中冷却。
步骤 306,经过冷却种子在去皮机 15中进行摩擦，使种仁和皮相互脱离， 达到去皮。
步骤 307 , 去皮后的混合物在分离机 23中进行皮仁分离。 更具体一点， 皮仁混合物在输送到分离机 23过程中或在分离机 23中利用风力的不同轻重 物体的影响使皮仁进行分离。
在步骤 307后， 皮仁混合物分离后得到两个产物， 植物种子种仁和皮， 种子和皮分成两个出口分别处理。
步骤 311 , 从分离机出料口 25出料， 输出种仁， 种仁转运到其他加工车 间， 输出种仁的过程结束。
步骤 321 , 在步骤 307后， 对皮进行加工， 在步骤 321 中对皮进行脱抗 营养因子， 可以通过加热器 45 对皮暂仓的皮进行加热从而进行脱抗营养因 子。 加热温度以 85 °C -115 °C为宜。
步骤 322, 在粉碎机 33中对皮进行粉碎。
步骤 323 , 在制粒机 36中经粉碎后的皮进行制粒， 得到种子的皮颗粒。 应该说明的是， 图 3中步骤 301和 302可以省略， 本发明可以将制冷机 7的温度调节到充分低， 对于不同直径和湿度的植物种子都能进行冷却去皮， 这样做操作步骤筒单。 但是这样做的有时会浪费电能。 所以加上步骤 301和 302后， 就能根据种子的直径和湿度来调节冷却温度， 从而节省电能。

Claims

权利 要求 书
1. 一种植物种子去皮方法， 所述植物种子包括豆类、 玉米、 菜籽和花生， 其特征在于所述去皮方法包括如下步骤：
对植物种子进行冷却的步骤；
对冷却后的植物种子进行去皮的步骤；
对去皮后的皮仁混合物进行分离的步骤。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的植物种子去皮方法， 其特征在于所述去皮方法 还包括如下步骤：
根据植物种子的直径调节冷却温度的步骤。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的植物种子去皮方法， 其特征在于所述去皮方法 还包括如下步骤：
测试植物种子直径的步骤。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的植物种子去皮方法， 其特征在于所述去皮 方法还包括如下步骤：
对植物种子进行 选的步骤。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的植物种子去皮方法， 其特征在于：
将植物种子送去冷却的输送步骤。
6. 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3、 5之一所述的植物种子去皮方法， 其特征在 于：
所述植物种子的冷却温度设定为 -5 °C ~ -60°C。
7. 根据权利要求 1、 2、 5之一所述的植物种子去皮方法， 其特征在于： 包括对皮进行制粒步骤。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的植物种子去皮方法， 其特征在于：
还包括使用加热装置对皮进行脱抗营养因子步骤。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的植物种子去皮方法， 其特征在于：
还包括对皮进行粉碎步骤。
10. 一种植物种子去皮装置， 包括：
冷却装置， 接收输送来的植物种子， 并对其进行低温冷却； 去皮装置， 对经冷却的植物种子进行脱皮；
分离装置， 对去皮后的皮仁混合物进行分离。
11.根据权利要求 10所述的植物种子去皮装置， 其特征在于： 所述冷却装置能根据植物种子的直径调节冷却温度。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的植物种子去皮装置， 其特征在于： 还包括对植物种子进行 选的装置。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的植物种子去皮装置， 其特征在于： 还包括对植物种子送去冷却的输送装置。
14. 根据权利要求 10-13之一所述的植物种子去皮装置， 其特征在于： 所述植物种子的冷却温度设定范围为 -5 °C ~ -60°C。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的植物种子去皮装置， 其特征在于： 所述筛选装置包括永磁筒、 筛选机；
所述冷却装置包括制冷机；
所述去皮装置包括去皮机；
所述制冷机将冷气直接送入去皮机中冷却植物种子， 或者制冷机将冷气 送入冷却装置中的低温冷却机中冷却植物种子。
16. 根据权利要求 10-13或 15之一所述的植物种子去皮装置， 其特征在 于：
所述去皮装置包含制粒装置， 将分离出来的种子皮制成颗粒。
17. 根据权利要求 16所述的植物种子去皮装置， 其特征在于： 所述去皮装置包含加热装置， 对皮进行脱抗营养因子。
18. 根据权利要求 17所述的植物种子去皮装置， 其特征在于： 所述制粒装置， 包括皮暂储仓、 皮粉碎机和皮制粒机。
19. 根据权利要求 18所述的植物种子去皮装置， 其特征在于： 所述去皮装置包括热能回收装置， 可将制冷设备产生的热风回收， 送入 皮暂储仓。
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