Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
  • A24D3/043—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure with ventilation means, e.g. air dilution

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the provision of recessed ventilation for smoking articles.
• smoking articles such as cigarettes comprise a tobacco rod in the form of a cylinder of tobacco or tobacco-based material wrapped in a paper wrapper, which may be provided with a filter unit.
• the filter unit is a cylindrical element formed from acetate tow, optionally including features to modify the smoke flow and filter function, such as recesses and gaps, and additives such as particulate carbon.
• the tow may be wrapped in a layer of plug wrap or filter wrap, which is commonly porous.
• the filter unit is joined to the tobacco rod using a tipping paper, which is an outer paper layer wrapped around the filter unit and overlapping the join between the filter unit and tobacco rod. The tipping paper is glued in place.
• the tipping paper is generally non-porous. Often, it is desired to dilute the smoke delivered to the smoker from the burning tobacco rod. This can be achieved by providing ventilation in the filter unit, comprising apertures (holes) or perforations in the tipping paper. When the smoker draws on the lit smoking article, air enters the filter unit through the ventilation holes and mixes with the smoke as it passes through the filter unit, thereby diluting the smoke before it reaches the smoker.
• the ventilation holes are arranged in a circumferential zone comprising one or more rows of holes.
• They may be pre -perforated in the tipping paper before the tipping paper is applied to the filter unit and tobacco rod, or may be made after the smoking article is assembled using on-line perforation, in which a focused laser beam is used to burn small holes through the tipping paper.
• the position, arrangement and quantity of ventilation holes may be carefully selected by the smoking article manufacturer to achieve a particular filtering and dilution effect, resulting in a specific smoking experience. It is therefore desirable that the ventilation remain fully operable throughout smoking of the smoking article. However, the smoker may inadvertently or deliberately cover one or more of the ventilation holes with his lips or fingers while smoking, and hence reduce the ventilation level below its intended amount.
• the present invention seeks to address these problems.
• a first aspect of the present invention is directed to a smoking article comprising a tobacco rod, a filter unit having a circumferential ventilation zone, and a tipping paper joining the tobacco rod and the filter unit, at least one side of the ventilation zone being bounded by a circumferential element having a greater outer diameter than the outer diameter of the ventilation zone.
• the circumferential element or elements provide a degree of protection for the ventilation zone by creating or defining a recess in which the ventilation zone is situated.
• a recessed ventilation zone located below the surface of the surrounding parts of the filter unit, has a reduced chance of being blocked during smoking, because the surrounding raised ground makes it more difficult for the fingers or lips of the smoker to come into direct contact with the ventilating apertures of the ventilation zone. Both deliberate and accidental covering of the ventilation zone is made more difficult or unlikely.
• smoking article according to the invention exhibits a number of important advantages compared with smoking articles having conventional ventilation systems. Firstly, smoking articles according to the invention allow a more consistent ventilation level to be maintained as flow (puff volume) increases, hence resulting in lower smoke yields than expected at puff volumes representative of consumer smoking. Secondly, the flow upstream of the ventilation zone is reduced. This creates a greater residence time of smoke within the tobacco rod and enabling greater diffusion of key components, such as carbon monoxide, out of the tobacco rod. This also creates a greater residence time of smoke within the tobacco rod end of the filter and enabling greater adsorption / reduction of key components via materials such as carbon held within the filter column. Thirdly, by adding an additional area of the cigarette where diffusion can occur, the level of components such as carbon monoxide can be reduced.
• both sides of the ventilation zone may be bounded by a circumferential element with a greater outer diameter.
• Two circumferential elements may be considered to best protect the ventilation zone, and barriers for both the lips and the fingers are thereby provided.
• the circumferential elements may be formed by the tipping paper, the tipping paper being divided into two portions spaced apart by a circumferential gap that coincides with the ventilation zone. This allows the invention to be implemented with no additional components beyond those of a conventional filter-tipped ventilated smoking article.
• the smoking article of the present invention comprises a tobacco rod, a filter unit having a substantially circumferential ventilation zone, and a tipping paper, the tipping paper being divided into two portions spaced apart by a substantially circumferential gap which defines the ventilation zone.
• the gap preferably extends around the entire circumference of the smoking article, so that the tipping paper is completely divided into two portions either side of the gap.
• a narrow strip of tipping paper or other material, eg plug wrap
• extends across the gap thereby linking the two portions are also contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
• the filter unit within the recessed ventilation zone may have an outer layer of plug wrap over which the tipping paper is provided.
• the plug wrap can be porous, in which case ventilation is achieved by using the natural porosity of the material of the plugwrap to provide the permeability.
• This permeability may be increased by providing one or more apertures (eg perforations) in the plug wrap in the gap between the two portions of the tipping paper. This may be achieved in a conventional manner: for example, by making perforations in the plug wrap before the smoking article is assembled (e.g. by pre -perforation of the filter wrap material or using pre -perforation of the filter rod), or by making perforations using a focused laser beam after the smoking article is assembled.
• the plug wrap may be non-porous.
• ventilation may be provided by one or more apertures (eg perforations) in the plug wrap in the gap between the two portions of the tipping paper.
• This may be similarly be achieved in a conventional manner: for example, by making perforations in the plug wrap before the smoking article is assembled (e.g. by pre -perforation of the filter wrap material or using pre -perforation of the filter rod), or by making perforations using a focused laser beam after the smoking article is assembled.
• the filter covering may be any wrapping material suitable to effectively wrap the filter.
• the filter material may be non-wrapped.
• the level of ventilation achieved may be controlled by the width to the gap in conjunction with the permeability for naturally porous materials, or by the level of pre -perforation used for non-porous materials, or by a combination of the gap and the level of pre -perforation for naturally porous materials.
• the perforations have a diameter in the range from 0.05 to 1.0 mm.
• the gap has a width in the range from 1 to 20 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 to 15 mm.
• the precise gap width depends on various factors, such as the filter length and the degree of ventilation desired.
• the gap width is in the range 2-75%, preferably 5-60% of the length of the filter.
• using a minimum mouth end tipping section of 8 mm and a minimum joining section at the tobacco rod end of 4 mm (4 mm overlap of the filter) would preferably result in a maximum gap of 15mm.
• the arrangement where the plug wrap is porous, and the ventilation is provided primarily by the permeability of the plug wrap and the gap between the two portions of the tipping paper is an approach wholly distinct from that of conventional ventilation holes in the tipping paper.
• the ventilation level can be tailored by choosing the width of the gap in conjunction with the permeability of the plug wrap, giving greater and finer control over the total ventilation provided, and also giving different ventilation effects from those of standard ventilation holes in tipping paper.
• holes may be used to supplement the ventilation, giving further flexibility in designing ventilation.
• the ventilation zone may further comprise one or more apertures (eg perforations) in the plug wrap in the gap between the two portions of the tipping paper.
• a further aspect of the present invention is to apply additional material to either or both ends of the split tipping. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in that it deepens the recess where ventilation occurs, making ventilation blocking even more difficult.
• the invention provides in one embodiment a smoking article as described above, either in its broadest aspect or a preferred aspect, having a further circumferential element with a greater outer diameter, the circumferential element being divided into two parts disposed either side of the ventilation zone.
• the invention provides a smoking article as described above, either in its broadest aspect or a preferred aspect, having a further circumferential element with a greater outer diameter, the circumferential element extending from the mouth end of the smoking article towards the ventilation zone.
• such a circumferential element extends partially over the ventilation zone to thereby overlap with the ventilation zone (partially covering the gap).
• the circumferential element described above comprises a web material, which may be of paper or fabric, and is preferably an outer paper wrapper applied over the tipping paper.
• the outer paper wrapper applied over the tipping paper may extend from the mouth end of the smoking article to the ventilation zone.
• the thickness of the outer wrapper defines the height of the barrier/depth of the recess, and can be chosen accordingly.
• the outer paper wrapper has a thickness equal to or greater than the thickness of the tipping paper.
• the outer paper wrapper may have a thickness substantially one to ten times the thickness of the tipping paper.
• the ventilation zone may comprise one or more perforations in the tipping paper.
• a yet further aspect of the invention is to use additional wrapping material at either or both ends of the split tipping such that the additional layer overlaps the recessed ventilation zone. In this case, the overlap is not adhered to the filter or filter wrap in the recess and provides additional protection for potential blocking.
• the ventilation zone may be provided in a circumferential groove in the filter unit.
• a groove allows the difference in the surface diameters of the ventilation zone and the circumferential elements to be increased further, hence providing a deeper recess and more protection for the ventilation zone.
• One or more grooves may be provided.
• the or each groove may be provided in a longitudinal or transverse direction.
• the or each circumferential element may comprise a ridge extending above the surface of the tipping paper. This offers circumferential elements that are confined to the neighbourhood of the ventilation zone, which gives an appearance and feel that may be preferred by the smoker.
• the ridge may comprise a band of material applied to the surface of the tipping paper.
• the material may be paper or cardboard.
• the material may be a material that is applied as a liquid and which rapidly solidifies, such as a hot-melt adhesive.
• the ridge may be formed in and from the tipping paper.
• Embodiments using ridges are readily adapted to provide a boundary or barrier on either side of the ventilation zone.
• both sides of the ventilation zone may be bounded by a ridge, or only one side of the ventilation zone may be bounded by a ridge.
• the ventilation zone may comprise one or more perforations in the tipping paper.
• the outer circumference of the or each circumferential element may be 0.1 -2mm greater than the outer circumference of the ventilation zone.
• the depth by which the ventilation zone is recessed below the adjacent surface of the filter unit can be chosen as desired, according to the level of protection desired, and the appearance and feel of the completed smoking article.
• Figs. 1 and Ia show a longitudinal and cross-sectional view of a conventional filter-tipped smoking article having a ventilation zone in its filter unit;
• Figs. 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4 and 4a show longitudinal and cross-sectional views of examples of a first embodiment of the invention, in which a tipping paper divided into two portions is used to create a protective recess for the ventilation zone;
• Figs. 5, 5a, 6 and 6a show longitudinal and cross-sectional views of examples of a further embodiment of the invention, in which additional material is added to one or both ends of the tipping paper divided into two portions hence creating a deeper recess;
• Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 show longitudinal and cross-sectional views of examples of a third embodiment of the invention, in which one or more circumferential ridges are applied over the tipping at one or both boundaries of the ventilation zone;
• Fig. 11 is an ISO smoking data comparison graph for the split-tipping cigarettes of the present invention shown in Figs. 2 and 2a compared with an on-machine laser (OML)-ventilated control
• OML on-machine laser
• Fig. 12 is an Intensive Smoking Data comparison graph for the split-tipping cigarettes of the present invention shown in Figs. 2 and 2a compared with an OML-ventilated control (with 2 standard deviation error bars: 95% confidence level);
• Fig. 13 is an Actual Ventilation vs Flow Comparison graph for the split-tipping cigarettes of the present invention shown in Figs. 2 and 2a compared with an OML-ventilated control
• Fig. 14 is a Normalised Ventilation vs Flow Graph for the split-tipping cigarettes of the present invention shown in Figs. 2 and 2a compared with an OML-ventilated control.
• FIGS 1 and Ia show a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a conventional filter-tipped smoking article such as a cigarette.
• the smoking article 10 comprises a cylinder of tobacco 12 wrapped in a paper wrapper 14 (cigarette paper), together forming a tobacco rod 15.
• a filter unit 16 is joined to one end of the tobacco rod 15.
• the filter unit 16 comprises a cylindrical core 18 made from acetate tow which is wrapped in a layer of plug wrap or filter wrap 20, which may be porous.
• the plug wrap 20 maintains the shape and structure of the core 18, in particular for multi-segment filters which comprise two or more cylindrical segments of different structure and/or composition arranged longitudinally.
• a tipping paper 22 is wrapped around the filter unit 16 such that it overlaps the end of the tobacco rod 15; this joins the filter unit 16 and the tobacco rod 15 together to form the complete smoking article 10.
• the filter unit 16 is provided with a ventilation zone 24 comprising a circumferential ring of ventilation holes 26 in the tipping paper 22 (illustrated more clearly in Fig. 1 a).
• the holes 26 may be pre -perforated in the tipping paper before it is applied around the filter unit 16 and the tobacco rod 15. Alternatively, the holes 26 may be made after the smoking article 10 is assembled, using a focussed laser beam in an on-line perforation machine to burn through the tipping paper 22 (and also a small distance into the plug wrap 20 and core 18).
• the ventilation zone is completely exposed, and is thus liable to be deliberately or accidentally covered or blocked (wholly or partially) by the lips or fingers of a smoker consuming the smoking article.
• the present invention proposes to address this problem by providing a ventilation zone that is protected in a recess.
• a ventilation zone that is protected in a recess.
• FIGS 2 and 2a show a longitudinal and cross-sectional view of the filter unit end of a smoking article according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• a circumferential element is provided around the filter unit on each side of the ventilation zone.
• the smoking article 10 comprises a tobacco rod 15 joined to a filter unit 16 having a plug wrap 20 by a tipping paper 22, as in the conventional smoking article of Figure 1.
• the tipping paper 22 is split around the smoking article 10 into two portions 22 A and 22B.
• the portions 22 A, 22B are spaced apart by a circumferential gap 28, which provides the ventilation zone.
• the ventilation zone 24 is not covered by the tipping paper 22.
• One portion 22 A is a downstream portion, extending from the mouth end of the filter unit to the downstream boundary of the ventilation zone 24.
• the other portion 22B is an upstream portion, extending between the upstream boundary of the ventilation zone 24 to a position overlapping the tobacco rod 15, to hold the tobacco rod 15 to the filter unit 16.
• the ventilation zone 24 comprises a plug wrap 20 which is porous, or may have no filter plug wrap at all.
• ventilating air enters the core 18 of the filter unit 16 through the naturally occurring holes 26 in the plug wrap 20 or directly into the filter 16, via the gap 28 in the tipping paper 22, as shown by arrows A.
• Volatile components in smoke, such as carbon monoxide diffuse out of the core in the opposite direction as shown by arrows B.
• the plug wrap 20 must therefore be porous, so that the ventilation is provided wholly naturally.
• This provides a unique ventilating arrangement, in which the ventilation level is determined by the combination of the porosity of the plug wrap 20 and the width of the gap 28 in the tipping paper 22. These two factors can be varied to provide any desired amount of ventilation, by a mechanism distinct from the conventional hole -based method of ventilation.
• a ventilation level of approximately 10% can be achieved using a plug wrap with a permeability of 50 Coresta Units (CU) and a 5 mm gap.
• the same gap size with a 200 CU plug wrap gives approximately 20% ventilation.
• a 10mm gap with a 200 CU plug wrap gives approximately 80% ventilation.
• the gap may have a width in the range 1-20 mm, for example, with a width of 1-10 mm being preferred.
• the invention is not so limited, and other gap sizes may be employed.
• a porous plug wrap forms a naturally permeable barrier around the filter core 18, and by combining this with a gap in the tipping paper, the ventilation is provided by a large area of ultrafine pores.
• This provides benefits over the conventional ventilation arrangement of discrete holes in the tipping paper. For example, it allows gases in the smokestream to diffuse out from the filter unit at the ventilation zone, and it creates a more even relationship between smoke flow and ventilation such that the change in smoke yield due to any change in the flow rate is minimised, as described in more detail below.
• FIGs 3 and 3a show a similar example to that of Figure 2, with a split or divided tipping paper 22 providing the circumferential elements.
• the plug wrap 20 is non-porous and has added ventilation holes 26 (see Fig. 3a), so that ventilating air enters the filter core 18 through the added ventilation holes.
• the smoking article includes ventilation holes in a porous plug wrap arranged in the gap between the two portions of the split.
• the ventilation zone thus comprises both ventilation holes and the width of the plug wrap exposed by the gap.
• the ventilation holes are conveniently made in the assembled smoking article using on-line laser perforation.
• pre -perforated plug wrap may alternatively be used as may be non-wrapped filter materials.
• FIGs 4 and 4a show a further example of a smoking article utilising a spilt tipping paper.
• the smoking article 10 comprises the same components as that shown in Figure 2 or 3, so that the ventilation zone 24 is provided by the gap 28 and the porosity of the plug wrap 20 and/or added ventilation holes.
• the filter unit 16 has a circumferential groove 30 formed in it (in both the core 18 and the plug wrap 20) at the location of the gap 28 between the two portions 22A, 22B of the tipping paper 20. This groove 30 further increases the difference in the outer diameters of the circumferential elements (tipping paper portions 22A, 22B) and the ventilation zone 24, by recessing the ventilation zone 24 below the surface of the filter unit 16 and hence decreasing the diameter of the ventilation zone 24.
• a smoking article according to this embodiment may also include ventilation holes in the plug wrap, like those of Figure 3; in such a case the plug wrap may be porous or non-porous.
• the circumferential groove or recess 30 may have any depth, since any decrease in the diameter of the ventilation zone increases its protection from blocking. Example depths are in the range up to 3 mm, and are preferably in the range l-2mm.
• the groove 30 may be made by using heated former on the filter rods (pre-cigarette fabrication) or on the filter post manufacture or may be made using any of the standard grooving methods known.
• FIGs 5 and 5a show a further example of a smoking article utilising a spilt tipping paper.
• the smoking article 10 comprises the same components as that shown in Figure 2, so that the ventilation zone 24 is provided by the gap 28 and the porosity of the plug wrap. Additionally, the depth of recess (24) has been further enhanced by the addition of another layer of tipping paper at the mouth (32A) and/or the tobacco rod end (32B).
• FIGs 6 and 6a show a further example of a smoking article utilising a spilt tipping paper.
• the smoking article 10 comprises the same components as that shown in Figure 5, so that the ventilation zone 24 is provided by the gap 28 and the porosity of the plug wrap.
• the additional tipping materials added to the mouth end (32) are extended over, but not adhered to, the recess so as to provide even further protection against blockage of ventilation.
• the additional tipping materials may extend over the recess at the tobacco rod end, as well as (or instead of) at the mouth end.
• Embodiments of the invention that include a split tipping paper can be fabricated with only minor modifications to the fabrication process for a conventional smoking article.
• the tipping paper can be applied using conventional apparatus for this process, either as a separate stage for each of the two portions, or simultaneously using two appropriately sized rolls of tipping paper spaced apart on a single dispenser by a distance corresponding to the intended width of the gap.
• ventilation holes in the plug wrap can be pre -perforated or made on-line after the smoking article is wholly or partly assembled.
• FIG. 7 show an example of a smoking article according to another embodiment.
• the smoking article 10 comprises a tobacco rod 15 joined to a filter unit 16 by a tipping paper 22 having a ventilation zone 24 comprising one or more rings of ventilation holes 26 (pre -perforated or made on-line by laser).
• a plug wrap may be included in the filter unit 16.
• the smoking article 10 differs from a conventional smoking article such as that of Figure 1 in that it further comprises two circumferential ridges 34 disposed around the filter unit 16, over the tipping paper 22. There is one ridge 34A on the downstream side of the ventilation zone 24, and one ridge 34B on the upstream side of the ventilation zone 24.
• the ridges 34 provide the circumferential elements with a greater diameter than that of the ventilation zone 24, which protect the ventilation zone 24 from being blocked.
• the upstream ridge 34B provides a barrier or boundary that directs or guides the fingers of the smoker further upstream of the ventilation zone 24, so that the ventilation holes are not blocked.
• the downstream ridge 34A provides a barrier that inhibits the smoker from putting the filter unit 16 into his mouth by an amount that would produce blocking of the ventilation holes 26 by the lips.
• the ridges 34 act together to make it more difficult to cover the ventilation holes 26 by deliberately holding the smoking article over the ventilation zone, because the ridges 34 are close enough together to keep the fingers spaced above the underlying holes.
• the ridges 34 may be spaced apart by a distance in the range of 2-1 Omm, although the spacing will be chosen in part by reference to the width of the ventilation zone 24. Further, the height of the ridges 34 may be in the range 0.2-2mm, for example lmm. Both ridges may be the same height, or ridges having different heights may be provided. The ridges may have widths in the range X-Y mm, and each ridge may have a different width. Dimensions outside the above example ranges may also be used.
• the ridges 34 comprise bands of cardboard or paper that are applied over the tipping paper, and held in place by adhesive.
• the thickness of the cardboard or paper determines the height of the ridges 34, although more than one layers of cardboard or paper may be applied to increase the height.
• the bands may be applied to the tipping paper after the smoking article is assembled, for example using apparatus that wraps strips of material with pre-applied adhesive around the filter unit.
• the ridge material can be stuck to the tipping paper before the tipping paper is used to assemble the smoking article, for example by applying continuous strips of material to the tipping paper material before it is formed into the roll from which it is supplied to the assembly apparatus.
• Figure 8 show a similar example to that of Figure 7, but in this case the circumferential elements comprise ridges 36 A, 36B of a rapidly solidifying material, such as a hot-melt adhesive.
• a rapidly solidifying material such as a hot-melt adhesive.
• This material is applied to the tipping paper in liquid form as a thin bead, which sets and hardens, bonding to the tipping paper as it does so.
• Each ridge may be applied separately, for example from two sequentially arranged nozzles on the production line, or a pair of appropriately spaced nozzles or other applicators may be used to apply both ridges simultaneously.
• the ridges can be applied to the tipping paper after the smoking article is assembled.
• two beads of ridge material can be applied along the length of the tipping paper material before it is formed into a roll for use in the smoking article assembly apparatus.
• the ridge material may be applied to the tipping paper as a continuous bead to form an unbroken ridge.
• the ridges may be formed from a series of adjacent dots or lines of ridge material.
• Figure 9 show a further example of an embodiment utilising ridges to protect the ventilation zone.
• the ridges 38 A, 38B are integrally formed from the tipping paper, rather than being separate components applied to the tipping paper.
• the tipping paper has a pair of concertina folds, pleats or other suitable folds made in it before it is wrapped around the filter unit and the tobacco rod to form the completed smoking article. The folded areas then stand proud of the surface of the tipping paper, to provide the ridges.
• Individual tipping papers may be folded before use, but it is more practical and efficient to form the folds in the continuous length of tipping paper that is then formed into a roll for supply to the assembly apparatus.
• the tipping paper may be pre-perfo rated, in which case a fold or folds is/are made on each side of the perforated zone.
• the ventilation holes may be made on-line by laser after the tipping paper has been applied.
• Each of the examples of Figures 7, 8 and 9 include two spaced apart ridges so that the ventilation zone is bounded on both sides.
• a single ridge may alternatively be used, if this is likely to provide the desired amount of protection for the ventilation zone.
• the single ridge may be located upstream of the ventilation zone, to inhibit blocking with fingers, or downstream of the ventilation zone to inhibit blocking with lips.
• Figure 10 show an example having a single ridge positioned downstream of the ventilation zone, and formed from a band of cardboard or paper stuck around the tipping paper like the ridges in Figure 7.
• a cigarette as shown in Figs. 2 and 2a having plug wrap filter and split cork tipping (gap width 10 mm) was prepared.
• the cigarette of the present invention and the control had the physical data / specification shown in Table 1.

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• Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

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Citations (7)

• 2007
  • 2007-12-14 GB GBGB0724408.0A patent/GB0724408D0/en not_active Ceased
• 2008
  • 2008-10-23 AU AU2008337827A patent/AU2008337827A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-10-23 WO PCT/EP2008/064343 patent/WO2009077244A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2008-10-23 MX MX2010005392A patent/MX2010005392A/es unknown
  • 2008-10-23 CA CA2705718A patent/CA2705718A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-12-12 AR ARP080105429A patent/AR070038A1/es unknown
  • 2008-12-12 TW TW097148328A patent/TW201002220A/zh unknown

Patent Citations (7)

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