WO2009077122A2 - Optisch variable pigmente mit hoher elektrischer leitfähigkeit - Google Patents
Optisch variable pigmente mit hoher elektrischer leitfähigkeit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009077122A2 WO2009077122A2 PCT/EP2008/010528 EP2008010528W WO2009077122A2 WO 2009077122 A2 WO2009077122 A2 WO 2009077122A2 EP 2008010528 W EP2008010528 W EP 2008010528W WO 2009077122 A2 WO2009077122 A2 WO 2009077122A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
- C09C1/0024—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating high and low refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the high refractive index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
- C09C1/0021—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a core coated with only one layer having a high or low refractive index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
- C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/36—Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/69—Particle size larger than 1000 nm
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
- C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
- C09C2200/1004—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core comprising at least one inorganic oxide, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
- C09C2200/30—Interference pigments characterised by the thickness of the core or layers thereon or by the total thickness of the final pigment particle
- C09C2200/301—Thickness of the core
Definitions
- the present invention relates to optically variable high-conductivity pigments comprising a platelet-shaped substrate consisting essentially of silicon dioxide and / or silica hydrate and an electrically conductive layer surrounding the substrate, a process for their preparation and the use of such pigments.
- pearlescent pigments are frequently used for coloration in industrial applications such as paints, in particular printing inks, paints, plastics, ceramic materials and the like, which in addition to desired color effects can in particular produce a high gloss effect, a subtle sheen and a weak angle-dependent varying color. Because of their high transparency, they can be mixed particularly well with other organic or inorganic colorants, many different technical applications based on such mixtures are common.
- pigments have become the focus of attention for a variety of possible applications, depending on the viewing angle, and have changing color properties (color flop, optically variable behavior).
- Such properties are obtainable with the abovementioned types of pigment if the substrates and the layers located thereon satisfy strict quality requirements, in particular with regard to smoothness and uniformity of the applied layers, low porosity of the coatings and high transparency of the layers with simultaneous perfect matching of the individual layer thicknesses ,
- pigments which are electrically conductive and in particular come into play in technical applications. These pigments consist of either electrically conductive materials or contain these in a coating on a carrier material.
- the support materials can take on different geometrical shapes.
- electrically conductive pigments are known on the basis of transparent platelet-shaped substrates, as coated with (SbSn) O 2
- Mica or mica which has a single- or multi-layer dielectric coating and then an outer (SbSn) O 2 layer.
- These pigments have the advantage over the materials traditionally used as electrically conductive pigments, such as carbon black or graphite, that they have a light to whitish or light gray color and thus do not affect the visual impression of the application medium too much. They can, introduced into various application media, contribute to the formation of an electrically conductive coating, for example in plastic articles, floor coverings and the like, and are commercially available (for example from Merck KGaA under the name Minatec® 31CM or Minatec® 30 CM ). They are z. In patents DE 38 42 330, DE 42 37 990, EP 0 139 557, EP 0 359 569 and EP 0 743 654.
- Iron oxide particles have a layer of an oxide of silicon and / or titanium and an electrically conductive layer. These pigments have a specific resistance of less than 5 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ cm and colors ranging from yellow to orange to red, which correspond to the inherent color of the substrates. Due to the choice of substrates, however, the color position of such pigments can be varied only in narrow areas, no optically variable color impressions have been described and the achievable electrical conductivity is in need of improvement.
- the object of the invention was to develop optically variable pigments with high electrical conductivity, which have the simplest possible composition, can cover a wide range of colors, can be easily integrated into various application media and can be produced simply and inexpensively for mass applications.
- Another object of the invention was to provide a simple process for preparing such pigments.
- optically variable pigments with high conductivity which consists of a platelet-shaped substrate which has at least a thickness of 80 nm and at least 80 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the substrate, of silicon dioxide and / or silicon dioxide and an electrically conductive layer surrounding the substrate.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a process for producing optically variable pigments with high conductivity, which comprises the following steps: a) optionally coating a platelet-shaped substrate which has at least a thickness of 80 nm and at least 80% by weight , based on the total mass of the substrate, consists of silicon dioxide and / or silicon oxide hydrate, with at least one layer package of a dielectric layer with a refractive index n> 1, 8 and a dielectric layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 1, 8, wherein the layer with a Refractive index n> 1, 8 directly on the substrate and optionally additionally on the layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 1, 8 is applied, with the following steps: a) optionally coating a platelet-shaped substrate which has at least a thickness of 80 nm and at least 80% by weight , based on the total mass of the substrate, consists of silicon dioxide and / or silicon oxide hydrate, with at least one layer package of a dielectric layer with a refractive
- the object of the invention is achieved by the use of said pigments in paints, coatings, printing inks, plastics, security applications, floor coverings, films, formulations, ceramic materials, glasses, paper, for laser marking, in thermal protection, in dry preparations and pigment preparations.
- the pigments according to the invention are optically variable and comprise a platelet-shaped substrate which consists of at least 80% by weight, based on the total mass of the substrate, of silicon dioxide and / or silicon oxide hydrate and has a minimum thickness of 80 nm and an electrically conductive coating surrounding the substrate Layer.
- Optically variable pigments are those pigments which leave a different visually perceptible color and / or brightness impression at different illumination and / or viewing angles. For different color impressions, this property is called a color flop.
- the optically variable pigments according to the invention preferably have at least two different illumination and / or viewing angles at least two and at most four, but preferably two different illumination and / or viewing angles two or three different illumination and / or viewing angles, three optically clearly distinguishable discrete Colors on.
- embodiments are also suitable which show a color change when the viewing angle is changed.
- a flat structure As platelet-shaped in the context of the present invention, a flat structure is considered, which has with its top and bottom two approximately parallel surfaces, whose extension in length and width, the largest extension of the pigment represents. The distance between said surfaces, which represents the thickness of the plate, on the other hand, has a smaller extent.
- the expansion of the substrates for the pigments according to the invention in length and width is between 2 and 250 ⁇ m, preferably between 2 and 100 ⁇ m, and in particular between 5 and 60 ⁇ m. It also represents the value commonly referred to as the particle size of the substrates. This is not critical as such, but a narrow particle size distribution of the substrates is preferred.
- the thickness of the substrates is at least 80 nm and up to 5 microns, preferably from 0.1 to 4.5 microns and more preferably from 0.2 to 1 micron.
- the substrates have an aspect ratio (ratio of length to thickness) of at least 2, preferably of at least 10 and more preferably of at least 50.
- the substrate consists of at least 80% by weight, based on the total mass of the substrate, of silicon dioxide and / or silicon oxide hydrate. In addition, it may contain up to 20% by weight, based on the total mass of the substrate, of particulate and / or dissolved colorants. Preferably, the substrate consists of 95 to almost 100 wt .-% of Siüsziumoxid and / or Siiiziumoxidhydrat, with only traces or small percentage of foreign ions may be included.
- Such substrates are also referred to as SiO 2 platelets, even if they contain hydrated silica levels. They are highly transparent and, if no colorants are included, colorless. They have flat and very smooth surfaces and a uniform layer thickness. Due to the preferred manufacturing method described below for the SiO 2 platelets they have on the
- substrates that have a close Have particle size distribution, in particular those in which the fine grain content is minimized.
- the substrates are considered to be substantially transparent to visible light, i. at least 90%, transmit.
- the pigments according to the invention comprise an electrically conductive layer which encloses the abovementioned substrates.
- doped metal oxides are suitable as the material for the electrically conductive layer, wherein the electrically conductive layer comprises one or more of these.
- the metal oxides are preferably tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide and / or titanium oxide, preferably tin oxide, indium oxide and / or zinc oxide.
- the said metal oxides are doped in the conductive layer, wherein the doping with gallium, aluminum, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, selenium, tellurium, molybdenum, tungsten and / or fluorine can take place.
- individual of the stated dopants, but also combinations thereof, may be present in the conductive layer.
- aluminum, indium, tungsten, tellurium, fluorine and / or antimony for doping the
- the proportion of dopants in the conductive layer may be 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably it is in the range of 2 to 15 wt .-%.
- tin oxide doped with antimony and tellurium, tin oxide doped with tungsten, indium oxide doped with tin, zinc oxide doped with aluminum or tin oxide doped with fluorine are used as the conductive layer, antimony-doped tin oxide being particularly preferred
- the tin to antimony ratio in this preferred combination may be 4: 1 to 100: 1, preferably the ratio is 8: 1 to 50: 1. Lower antimony contents negatively affect the conductivity, whereas higher antimony contents influence the conductivity Reduce the transparency of the electrically conductive layer of the pigments according to the invention.
- the proportion of the electrically conductive layer, based on the platelet-shaped substrate, can be from 10 to 70% by weight and is preferably from 20 to 40% by weight.
- the content of antimony is preferably 1 to 20 mol%, and more preferably 5 to 15 mol%, based on the total amount of antimony oxide and tin oxide.
- the electrically conductive layer has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 200 nm, preferably from 20 nm to 50 nm. In general, the electrically conductive layer is so thin that the geometric shape and the aspect ratio of the substrates in the electrically conductive pigment is largely retained.
- the substrate and the electrically conductive layer there may still be at least one layer package which consists of a dielectric layer with a refractive index n> 1.8 and a dielectric layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 1.8.
- the layer with a refractive index n> 1, 8 is directly on the substrate and the layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 1, 8 immediately below the electrically conductive layer.
- the layer with a refractive index n> 1, 8 is also present on all layers with a refractive index n ⁇ 1.8, which are not directly below the electrically conductive layer. At least one, but preferably more than one, and most preferably each of these layers contribute to the coloration of the pigment through interference and / or inherent color.
- the pigments according to the invention preferably have only one or no layer package described above.
- a layer is called, if it does not conduct the electric current.
- a layer package of dielectric layers consists of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer.
- the dielectric layer (s) of a material with a refractive index n> 1.8 are layers which are preferably made of TiO 2 , titanium oxide hydrate, titanium suboxides, Fe 2 O 3 , FeOOH, SnO 2 , ZnO, ZrO 2 , Ce 2 O 3 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , V 2 O 5 , Cr 2 O 3 and / or mixed phases thereof. These materials are either colorless or have an intrinsic color due to inherent absorption. Particularly preferred are TiO 2 , titanium oxide hydrate, Fe 2 O 3 , FeOOH and SnO 2 . Particularly preferred are TiO 2 and titanium oxide hydrate.
- mixed phases of tin oxide with TiO 2 and titanium oxide hydrat are particularly preferred, which in these cases from the small amounts of tin oxide and the subsequent layer of TiO 2 and / or titanium oxide form.
- the dielectric layer (s) of a material having a refractive index n ⁇ 1.8, (low refractive index layers) preferably consist of SiO 2 , silicon oxide hydrate, Ai 2 O 3 , Aiuminiumoxidhydrat, mixed phases thereof or from MgF 2 . Particular preference is given to SiO 2 and / or silicon oxide hydrate. As already described above, if a layer package is present, there is in each case a low-refractive layer directly below the electrically conductive layer.
- a layer package which consists of a TiO 2 layer and an SiO 2 layer.
- the layer package (s) described above need not necessarily envelop the substrate.
- pigments it is sufficient if these layer packages are formed on both sides of the substrate, that are located on the largest surfaces of the substrate.
- the embodiments are preferred in which the one or more layer package (s), if present, largely envelop the substrate completely.
- the layer thicknesses of the layers in the layer package are selected so that at least one, but preferably all layers make an independent contribution to the coloring of the pigments according to the invention by interference and / or self-absorption, i. are optically active. This contribution may consist of amplifying, suppressing or modifying an interference color as well as, additionally or alternatively, enhancing the optically variable behavior of the pigments of the invention.
- the preferred layer thicknesses for high-index layers are in the range from 10 to 200 nm, particularly preferably from 20 to 180 nm, while the preferred layer thicknesses for low-index layers are in the range from 15 to 300 nm, particularly preferably from 25 to 250 nm.
- the pigments of the invention have a high electrical conductivity
- Due to their high electrical conductivity pigments of the invention also show specific interactions in electric and electromagnetic fields. These include z. As the attenuation or reflection of high-frequency electromagnetic fields and the targeted change in the electrical flux density in a dielectric coating in the electric field. This is also the case when the conductive pigments according to the invention are present in a dielectric binder below the concentration threshold at which continuous conductive paths can form.
- the pigments according to the invention can serve, for example, for deflecting field lines of an alternating electric field, with the result that a local amplification of the electromagnetic field is obtained (a so-called "hot spot.") With the aid of these hot spots, electroluminescent substances, for example, can be illuminated.
- the pigments according to the invention can be obtained by means of a simple and inexpensive preparation process.
- the present invention therefore also provides a process for producing optically variable pigments, comprising the following steps: a) optionally coating a platelet-shaped substrate which has at least a thickness of 80 nm and at least 80% by weight, based on the total mass of the substrate, which consists of silicon dioxide and / or silicon oxide hydrate, with at least one layer package comprising a dielectric layer having a refractive index n> 1.8, and a dielectric layer having a refractive index n ⁇ 1.8, wherein the
- Layer with a refractive index n> 1, 8 directly on the substrate and optionally additionally on the layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 1, 8 is applied, with the proviso that in each case a layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 1, 8 directly below the electric conductive layer is applied, wherein a
- step a) it is possible to design the coating of the substrate in step a) in such a way that only the large areas of the substrate are covered by the coating, for example by means of a CVD or PVD coating. Method or if the substrate is produced together with the coating in a tape process, yet methods are preferred in which the coating of the platelet-shaped substrate in the steps a) and / or b) see in the sol-gel process, or wet-chemical inorganic Starting materials takes place.
- the coating of the substrate in the steps a) and / or b) wet-chemically from anorgani see starting materials.
- an antimony-doped tin oxide is applied as the electrically conductive layer in step b).
- the platelet-shaped substrates used according to the invention are advantageously prepared by the tape process described in WO 93/08237, to which reference is hereby made by full reference.
- Suitable starting materials for the production of SiO 2 platelets are, in particular, soda or potassium silicate solutions which are applied to a continuous strip, dried, detached from the strip in the form of platelets
- the starting materials may additionally contain network formers, surface-active substances, viscosity enhancers, other additives and particulate and / or dissolved colorants. These are also described in more detail in WO 93/08237.
- SiO 2 flakes with uniform layer thickness and sharp breaklines can be produced.
- the wet film thickness for the preparation of the substrates for the pigments of the invention must be at least 800 nm, but preferably at least 1 micron.
- either the substrates obtained or the pigments provided with an electrically conductive layer according to the present invention are subjected to a classification which reduces the fine grain fraction and achieves a narrow particle size distribution of the substrates or pigments.
- a wet-chemical process with inorganic starting materials is likewise advantageously selected.
- Such methods are known per se.
- the method described in EP 139 557 can be used.
- an electrically conductive layer of antimony-doped tin oxide is particularly preferred.
- the desired homogeneous distribution of tin and antimony in the conductive layer can be achieved in that salts of tin and antimony, for example chlorides, either together in one solution or in two separate solutions continuously and in a predetermined mixing ratio of the aqueous suspension of the substrate in a suitable pH in the range of 1 to 5 and a suitable temperature of 50 to 90 0 C are metered so that in each case directly a hydrolysis and deposition takes place on the platelet-shaped substrate.
- the pigments are separated from the suspension, optionally washed and dried and usually at temperatures in the range of 400 0 C to 1100 0 C, preferably from 700 0 C to 950 ° C annealed ,
- the pigments can optionally also be calcined under an inert gas atmosphere or under a reducing atmosphere, for example under forming gas. This method is z. B. in the case of tungsten doped tin oxide advantageous.
- the resulting pigments are almost completely transparent and have a whitish or light powder color. When aligned on a surface or when placed in an application medium in which they can align themselves parallel to a surface, they show changing colors depending on the viewing angle.
- one or more layer packages of a dielectric layer with a refractive index n> 1, 8 and a dielectric layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 1, 8 are to be applied between the substrate and the electrically conductive layer, are as method to the application of which is suitable for the coating of interference pigments suitable wet-chemical processes, which are familiar to the expert.
- these are, for example, in the publications DE 14 67 468, DE 19 59 998, DE 20 09 566, DE 22 14 545, DE 22 15 191, DE 22 44 298, DE 23 13 331, DE 25 22 572, DE 31 37 808 DE 31 37 809, DE 31 51 355, DE 32 11 602 and DE 32 35 017 have been described.
- the present invention also provides for the use of the above-described inventive pigments in paints, coatings, printing inks, plastics, in security applications, floor coverings, films, formulations, ceramic materials, glasses, paper, for laser marking, in thermal protection, in dry preparations or in pigment preparations.
- the pigments according to the invention are well suited, merely because of their color properties for the pigmentation of application media of the abovementioned Kind of being used. They are used in the same way as usual interference pigments. However, it is particularly advantageous that in addition to the attractive color properties they also have a good electrical conductivity, which make them particularly suitable for use in technical applications requiring electrically conductive coatings, and especially for use in various security products, which occasionally for testing safety features, require electrically conductive pigments in coatings.
- security products include, for example, banknotes, checks, credit cards, stocks, passports, identity documents, driver's licenses, entrance tickets, tokens, etc., just to name a few.
- pigments are used in paints and coatings
- all the fields of application known to the person skilled in the art are possible, such as, for example, Powder coatings, automotive paints, printing inks for gravure, offset, screen or flexo printing as well as
- Lacquers in outdoor applications a large number of binders, in particular water-soluble but also solvent-containing types, e.g. based on acrylates, methacrylates, polyesters, polyurethanes, nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose, polyamide, polyvinyl butyrate, phenolic resins, melamine resins, maleic resins, starch or polyvinyl alcohol.
- the paints may be water- or solvent-based paints, the selection of the paint components is subject to the general knowledge of the skilled person.
- the pigments according to the invention can likewise be advantageously used for the production of conductive plastics and films, for example for conductive films and disks, plastic containers and moldings for all applications known to those skilled in the art which require electrical conductivity.
- Suitable plastics are all common plastics, for example thermosets and thermoplastics.
- the pigments of the invention are subject to the same conditions as conventional pearlescent or interference pigments. Special features of the incorporation into plastics are therefore described, for example, in R. Glausch, M. Kieser, R. Maisch, G. Pfaff, J. Weitzel, pearlescent pigments, Curt Vincentz Verlag, 1996, 83 ff.
- the pigments according to the invention are also suitable for the preparation of flowable pigment preparations and dry preparations which comprise one or more pigments according to the invention, optionally further pigments or colorants (see below), binders and optionally one or more additives.
- Dry preparations are also to be understood as preparations which contain 0 to 8% by weight, preferably 2 to 8% by weight, in particular 3 to 6% by weight, of water and / or of a solvent or solvent mixture.
- the dry preparations are preferably in the form of pearlets, pellets, granules, chips, sausages or briquettes and have particle sizes of about 0.2 to 80 mm.
- the pigments according to the invention can be used in a wide variety of application media as needed with other organic and / or inorganic colorants and / or electrically conductive materials in a mixture.
- the mixing ratios are in no way limited, as long as the pigment concentration in the medium is high enough to achieve the desired optical and / or functional properties, but low enough not to adversely affect the required viscosity or the desired properties. They can be mixed in any ratio with commercial additives, fillers and / or binder systems.
- the pigments according to the invention have an optically variable color behavior and are therefore suitable for many application media which require such color properties. At the same time, however, they are also electrically conductive, so that they are capable of producing conductive layers in the application medium. Both properties turn out to be particularly advantageous in the use of the pigments of the invention in security applications, where they can serve to produce both visible and invisible security features. They can therefore be used in a particularly advantageous manner in security applications for generating multiple security features.
- SiO 2 platelets 100 g SiO 2 platelets (thickness: 300 nm, particle size 10-50 microns) are suspended in 1900 ml of deionized water and the suspension adjusted to pH 2.0 with hydrochloric acid.
- the Si ⁇ 2 platelets are coated with a layer of antimony-doped tin oxide, by at a temperature of 75 ° C below
- a mixture of 177.2 g of a 50% strength by weight aqueous SnCl 4 solution, 56 ml of HCl (37% by weight), 38.3 g of a 35% by weight aqueous SbCb solution continuously stirred into the suspension is added.
- the pH is kept constant.
- After addition of the total amount of 290 ml of the solution is stirred for a further 30 min at 75 ° C, then cooled with stirring to room temperature and the reaction mixture adjusted to pH 3.
- the resulting pigment is filtered through a suction filter, washed with water, dried at 14O 0 C and calcined at 850 0 C for 30 min. This gives 157.4 g of pigment powder.
- the ratio Sn: Sb in the coating is 85:15.
- the pigment powder is bluish white and has a powder resistance of 12 ohm * cm.
- the pigment powder is light gray and has a powder resistance of 65 ohm * cm.
- the pigments of the inventive example (pigment 1) and the comparative example (pigment 2) are each dispersed in NC lacquer (6% collodium and 6% butyl acrylate in a solvent mixture).
- NC lacquer 6% collodium and 6% butyl acrylate in a solvent mixture.
- 100 ⁇ m thick PET films are coated with the paint formulations.
- a film is coated with a NC lacquer containing no conductive pigments.
- the concentration of the pigments in the dry lacquer layer is about 30% by weight, based on the dry mase of the lacquer.
- the dry layer thickness of the lacquer layer is about 25 microns.
- the color of the paint films is judged against a black background.
- the paint films are glued to a black background (black cardboard or foil) and viewed under steep (about 70 degrees, color 1) and flat (about 150 degrees, color 2) angle. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- the inventive and comparative pigment displays good electrical conductivity and intensive angle-dependent coloring given the low pigment concentration present. While the electrical conductivity of the paint containing the comparison pigment is an order of magnitude worse than that of the example according to the invention, the paint has an unattractive gray coloring (black background). As expected, the lacquer without an electrically conductive pigment has again an order of magnitude lower electrical conductivity and, due to the black background, a black color.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/809,413 US8454861B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2008-12-11 | Optically variable pigments of high electrical conductivity |
RU2010129103/04A RU2514923C2 (ru) | 2007-12-19 | 2008-12-11 | Цветопеременные пигменты высокой электрической проводимости |
AU2008337899A AU2008337899B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2008-12-11 | Optically variable pigments of high electrical conductivity |
EP08862599.1A EP2220170B1 (de) | 2007-12-19 | 2008-12-11 | Optisch variable pigmente mit hoher elektrischer leitfähigkeit |
CN200880119833.2A CN101889060B (zh) | 2007-12-19 | 2008-12-11 | 高电导率的光学可变颜料 |
JP2010538417A JP5856737B2 (ja) | 2007-12-19 | 2008-12-11 | 高導電性の光学可変性顔料 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007061692.0 | 2007-12-19 | ||
DE102007061692 | 2007-12-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009077122A2 true WO2009077122A2 (de) | 2009-06-25 |
WO2009077122A3 WO2009077122A3 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
Family
ID=40690256
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/010528 WO2009077122A2 (de) | 2007-12-19 | 2008-12-11 | Optisch variable pigmente mit hoher elektrischer leitfähigkeit |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8454861B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2220170B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5856737B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101634405B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101889060B (de) |
AU (1) | AU2008337899B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008062169A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2514923C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009077122A2 (de) |
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WO2012072174A1 (de) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-07 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Dielektrische beschichtungen und gegenstände |
US20130248781A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-09-26 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Pigments |
WO2014202180A1 (de) | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-24 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Transparente, optisch variable interferenzpigmente mit elektrisch halbleitfähigen eigenschaften |
CN104804475B (zh) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-06-29 | 广西七色珠光材料股份有限公司 | 蓝绿系列珠光效应颜料及其制备方法 |
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WO2014187750A1 (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2014-11-27 | Basf Se | Security elements and method for their manufacture |
MX2016005946A (es) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-07-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Pigmento electricamente conductor. |
WO2015110088A1 (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2015-07-30 | Byd Company Limited | Method for metalizing polymer substrate and polymer article prepared thereof |
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DE102014018276A1 (de) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Elektrisch leitfähige, farbige Interferenzpigmente |
US10124530B2 (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-11-13 | Xerox Corporation | Color shift pigments for three-dimensional printing |
RU2618064C2 (ru) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-05-02 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики" (Университет ИТМО) | Способ получения золь-гель чернил для цветной интерференционной струйной печати |
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CN112961588B (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2023-02-03 | Ppg涂料(天津)有限公司 | 水性涂料组合物 |
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2008
- 2008-12-11 KR KR1020107015734A patent/KR101634405B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-12-11 EP EP08862599.1A patent/EP2220170B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-12-11 US US12/809,413 patent/US8454861B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-11 JP JP2010538417A patent/JP5856737B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-11 RU RU2010129103/04A patent/RU2514923C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-11 AU AU2008337899A patent/AU2008337899B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-11 CN CN200880119833.2A patent/CN101889060B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-11 WO PCT/EP2008/010528 patent/WO2009077122A2/de active Application Filing
- 2008-12-13 DE DE102008062169A patent/DE102008062169A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120091702A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2012-04-19 | Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Magnetic pigments comprising a flaky substrate and layer of maghemite |
US10174203B2 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2019-01-08 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Magnetic pigments comprising a flaky substrate and layer of maghemite |
WO2012072174A1 (de) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-07 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Dielektrische beschichtungen und gegenstände |
US20130248781A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-09-26 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Pigments |
US9403996B2 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2016-08-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Pigments |
US10640658B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2020-05-05 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Dielectric coatings and articles |
WO2014202180A1 (de) | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-24 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Transparente, optisch variable interferenzpigmente mit elektrisch halbleitfähigen eigenschaften |
RU2656492C2 (ru) * | 2013-06-17 | 2018-06-05 | Мерк Патент Гмбх | Прозрачные, оптически переменные интерферированные пигменты, имеющие электрически полупроводниковые свойства |
CN104804475B (zh) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-06-29 | 广西七色珠光材料股份有限公司 | 蓝绿系列珠光效应颜料及其制备方法 |
WO2016146041A1 (zh) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-09-22 | 广西七色珠光材料股份有限公司 | 蓝绿系列珠光效应颜料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101889060A (zh) | 2010-11-17 |
AU2008337899B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
EP2220170B1 (de) | 2018-01-24 |
KR20100114030A (ko) | 2010-10-22 |
RU2010129103A (ru) | 2012-01-27 |
US20100258769A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
JP2011506699A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
US8454861B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
EP2220170A2 (de) | 2010-08-25 |
JP5856737B2 (ja) | 2016-02-10 |
KR101634405B1 (ko) | 2016-06-28 |
RU2514923C2 (ru) | 2014-05-10 |
CN101889060B (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
WO2009077122A3 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
AU2008337899A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
DE102008062169A1 (de) | 2009-06-25 |
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