WO2009064185A1 - Procédé et appareil pour empiler des produits à la façon de tuiles - Google Patents
Procédé et appareil pour empiler des produits à la façon de tuiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009064185A1 WO2009064185A1 PCT/NL2008/050726 NL2008050726W WO2009064185A1 WO 2009064185 A1 WO2009064185 A1 WO 2009064185A1 NL 2008050726 W NL2008050726 W NL 2008050726W WO 2009064185 A1 WO2009064185 A1 WO 2009064185A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- conveyor
- conveying
- products
- conveying path
- path
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H5/00—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines
- B65H5/24—Feeding articles in overlapping streams, i.e. by separation of articles from a pile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H29/00—Delivering or advancing articles from machines; Advancing articles to or into piles
- B65H29/66—Advancing articles in overlapping streams
- B65H29/6609—Advancing articles in overlapping streams forming an overlapping stream
- B65H29/6618—Advancing articles in overlapping streams forming an overlapping stream upon transfer from a first conveyor to a second conveyor advancing at slower speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H5/00—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines
- B65H5/02—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines by belts or chains, e.g. between belts or chains
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H5/00—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines
- B65H5/02—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines by belts or chains, e.g. between belts or chains
- B65H5/021—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines by belts or chains, e.g. between belts or chains by belts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
- B65H2301/44—Moving, forwarding, guiding material
- B65H2301/445—Moving, forwarding, guiding material stream of articles separated from each other
- B65H2301/4452—Regulating space between separated articles
- B65H2301/44522—Varying space between separated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/20—Belts
- B65H2404/25—Driving or guiding arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
- B65H2511/20—Location in space
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
- B65H2511/20—Location in space
- B65H2511/22—Distance
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and apparatus for stacking substantially two-dimensional products in a roof-tile fashion.
- the first step comprises providing a supply of products in the form, for instance, of a supply flow or stock of sequentially separated or discrete, respectively, products, which products, in a second step, are stacked one by one in roof-tile fashion and are then discharged.
- guaranteeing a discharge flow continuous in time of products stacked in a roof-tile fashion forms a problem.
- the origin of this problem resides in the often not completely regular continuous nature of the supply flow or the temporarily unavailability of sufficient stock. This can have different causes, such as, for instance, removing damaged products from the supply flow or stock upstream of the stacking location.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for stacking products in a roof-tile fashion, without the mentioned drawback.
- the present invention also contemplates providing an apparatus for carrying out the intended method.
- the present invention provides a method of the above- intended type, comprising providing a first conveyor for supplying sequentially separated products along a first conveying path in a conveying direction; providing a second conveyor for discharging products stacked in a roof-tile fashion along a second conveying path in the conveying direction, with respect to which second conveyor the first conveyor is at least partly in an elevated position such that an end of the first conveying path is in a position elevated with respect to a beginning of the second conveying path; supplying a series of sequentially separated products with the aid of the first conveyor at a first conveying speed along the first conveyor path in the conveying direction; each time, at the end of the first conveying path, ejecting a product from a conveying surface of the first conveyor onto a conveying surface of the second conveyor; discharging a series of products stacked in a roof-tile fashion with the aid of the second conveyor at a second conveying speed, which second conveying speed is less than the first conveying speed, along the second conveying path in the convey
- the invention utilizes two conveyors, of which a first is located at least partly above a second one.
- the two conveyors extend along a linear conveying path and convey products in this conveying direction, wherein the first/upper conveyor conveys the products at a higher speed than the second/lower conveyor.
- the products to be stacked are supplied in a sequentially separated manner, i.e. successively and mutually separated by a certain separating distance, also called pitch.
- This pitch is preferably substantially constant, as a regular pitch allows, in a simple manner, a regular stacking in roof-tile fashion with the aid of conveyors having constant conveying speeds.
- the products are poured from the first/upper conveyor onto the second/lower conveyor.
- the second conveyor conveys at a lesser speed than the first conveyor, the products will end up with a mutual overlap - corresponding to a negative pitch - on the conveyor surface of the second conveyor.
- stacking in a roof-tile fashion is realized.
- This danger can be averted by each time monitoring the actual pitch between two products supplied on the first conveyor and, when a gap is observed, lengthening the first conveying path for the product directly following the gap in accordance with the size of the gap.
- the product By lengthening the conveying path along which the intended product is conveyed by the first conveyor, the product will move longer at higher speed in the conveying direction than the already stacked products on the second conveyor. In other words, the product gains on those products and can be ejected after having made up a distance as great as the gap.
- the possible adverse affect of the gap is thus undone without stopping the discharge of products regularly stacked in a roof-tile fashion with the aid of the second conveyor.
- the conveying speed of the second conveyor like that of the first conveyor, is even held constant so that the processing operations carried out both upstream and downstream of the stacking location can take place independently of the stacking process.
- the method further comprises further to a lengthening to be effected or having been effected of the first conveying path, reducing the distance between successive products supplied by the first conveyor; and shortening the first conveying path in accordance with the reduced distance between the respective products when these products are supplied and ejected.
- the above-described method is based on lengthening the first conveying path.
- lengthening the first conveying path can involve the physical lengthening or displacement of (parts of) the conveyor. There are practical limits to such a physical lengthening or displacement.
- the above-described method is primarily suitable for situations in which the batches of products to be processed and the frequency with which gaps occur in the supply flow are relatively small. With each occurring gap, the conveying path is to be lengthened, at least, if one is unwilling to change the conveying speeds of the conveyors.
- the method according to the invention provides in an addition which ensures shortening of the first conveying path after lengthening.
- the pitch between the products following the gap is reduced. This means that, assuming that the conveying speeds of the conveyors remain the same, the distance between the products following the gap and located on the first conveyor is reduced. This is preferably done as soon as possible after the gap is observed, so that reducing the first conveying path, to be discussed hereinafter, can be realized as soon as possible after it has been lengthened, and no unnecessary intervening following lengthening of the first conveying path occurs. Reducing the pitch between products following the gap can be carried out, for instance, by placing the products at shorter intervals on the advancing conveying surface of the first conveyor.
- the invention also provides an apparatus for stacking substantially two-dimensional products in a roof-tile fashion, comprising a first conveyor for supplying a series of sequentially separated products along a first conveying path in a first conveying direction; a second conveyor for discharging a series of products stacked in roof-tile fashion along a second conveying path in a second conveying direction; wherein the first conveyor is at least partly in a position elevated with respect to the second conveyor such that an end of the first conveying path is in a position elevated with respect to a beginning of the second conveying path, from which end a product of a conveying surface of the first conveyor can be ejected onto a conveying surface of a second conveyor; and means for moving the end of the first conveying path in a direction parallel to the second conveying direction.
- the invention utilizes two conveyors, a first of which being at least partly situated above a second one.
- the two conveyors extend along a substantially linear conveying path, and convey products in the same conveying direction, wherein the first/upper conveyor conveys the products at a higher speed than the second/lower conveyor.
- the conveying directions of the first and the second conveyor are not parallel, but are for instance perpendicular to each other. In both cases, stacking in roof-tile fashion of the products supplied with the aid of the first conveyor is obtained by ejecting these products at the end of the first conveying path from the conveying surface of the first conveyor onto the conveying surface of the second conveyor.
- the required ratio between the conveying speeds of the conveyors for obtaining stacking in roof-tile fashion largely depends on the dimensions of the products to be stacked.
- a substantially two-dimensional product which is considerably longer than it is wide can for instance also be stacked in roof-tile fashion when the conveying speed of the first conveyor is lesser than the conveying speed of the second conveyor. This is the case when the intended products are supplied in a manner such that the width direction of the products extends parallelly to the conveying direction of the first conveyor.
- At least the end of the first conveying path can be moved in the second conveying direction.
- the supplied products following the gap are ejected onto the conveying surface of the second conveyor such that they link up with the regular stacking in roof -tile fashion of the products already present thereon, which are discharged.
- at least the end of the first conveying path can be moved in a direction opposite to the second conveying direction in order to cancel the above-intended movement.
- the first and the second conveying direction are substantially parallel, and moving the end of the first conveying path in the conveying direction involves lengthening or shortening the first conveying path.
- the embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention intended here is in particular suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the configuration has furthermore as an advantage that it is simple to construct, and that the products ejected from the conveying surface of the first conveyor, upon reception by the conveying surface of the second conveyor, need no longer undergo a change of conveying direction. This enhances the manoeuvrability/verifiability of the products, in particular at high processing speeds, which improves the reliability of use of the apparatus.
- the means for lengthening and/or shortening the first conveying path comprise a return pulley translatable in a direction parallel to the conveying direction, around which return pulley a conveying medium of the first conveyor is tensioned with the aid of tensioning means, and which return pulley is always at the end of the first conveying path.
- the use of a translatable return pulley at the head of, for instance, a belt conveyor is a simple and efficient provision for moving the end of the first conveying path.
- the configuration of the conveyor serves for enabling the translation of the return pulley. This can be realized in different manners, which will be discussed when describing the Figures.
- the return pulley is preferably translatably drivable by means of a controllable drive mechanism. As a result, the return pulley can be included as a component in an automated system for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the apparatus further comprises a process control unit designed for, each time, gathering information about a distance between two successive products supplied by the first conveyor, and lengthening or shortening the first conveying path on the basis of this information by thereto controlling the controllable drive mechanism of the return pulley.
- the apparatus is further preferably provided with a process control unit.
- the unit has as a task, on the one side, to monitor the distance between preferably each two successive products supplied by the first conveyor, and, on the other side, on the basis thereof, controlling the drive mechanism which controls the translation movement of the return pulley.
- the process control unit can gather the information about the distance between successive products via, for instance, sensors which record passing of products on the first conveyor.
- the apparatus further comprises a supply device designed to cooperate with the process control unit, for placing products at a mutual distance on the conveying surface of the first conveyor, wherein the process control unit and the supply device exchange information with respect to the placing of products on the conveying surface of the first conveyor.
- a supply device designed to cooperate with the process control unit, carrying out the method according to the present invention can take place fully automatically. It is after all the supply device which controls, given the conveying speed of the first conveyor, the distance between two successive products in the supply flow.
- the supply device is therefore designed, on the one side, for providing information to the process control unit about products just placed (or not placed) and, on the other side, for receiving information containing instructions for placing products.
- the provision of information by the supply device is in particular relevant when a gap occurs in the supply flow.
- the supply device can communicate the absence of a product to be placed to the process control unit which, based on this information, can proceed to lengthen the first conveying path.
- the apparatus further comprises a guide for each time guiding a product ejected from the first conveyor to a location on the conveying surface of the second conveyor, which guide takes a fixed position with respect to the end of the first conveyor.
- the guide effects that an ejected product accurately ends up, via a predetermined path, on the intended location on the conveying surface of the second conveyor. It will often suffice to guide only the downstream side of an ejected product.
- a guide can be constructed in different manners.
- One or more receiving wheels located somewhat downstream of the end of the first conveyor and resting on the configuration stacked in roof-tile fashion can be considered, or a concave guide cover extending from a position adjacent the end of the first conveyor towards the conveying surface of the second conveyor.
- a conveying path is understood to mean the path along which an individual product is conveyed by the first or the second conveyor. Both the first conveyor path and the second conveying path can differ per conveyed product. The fact is that when the first conveying path is lengthened for one product, the second conveying path is, in principle, shortened for the same product, and vice versa.
- the conveying direction is understood to mean the direction in which the first and the second conveyor convey the products immediately before they are ejected from the first conveyor or immediately after they have been received by the second conveyor, respectively.
- Figs. IA- IH show, in chronological order, different stages in carrying out the method according to the invention
- Figs. 2A and 2B schematically show, in side view, two possible implementation examples of a translatable return pulley with the aid of which the first conveying path can be lengthened or shortened;
- Figs 3a and 3B schematically show, in side view, two possible implementation examples of a guide for guiding a product ejected from a first conveyor towards a location on the conveying surface of the second conveyor.
- FIGs. IA- IH show, in chronological order, different stages in carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the parts to be mentioned hereinbelow are indicated in only a few Figures with reference symbols in; in the remaining Figures, the intended parts are immediately recognizable.
- Fig. IA shows a first conveyor 1 which supplies a series of sequentially separated products 3, 3', 3", etc. in a first conveying direction Tl.
- the Figure also shows a second conveyor 2 with a second conveying direction T2 (which is in line with the first conveying direction Tl) on which the products mentioned will be ejected and will be discharged regularly stacked in roof-tile fashion; see Figs. IB and 1C.
- T2 which is in line with the first conveying direction Tl
- the conveying speed of the first conveyor is higher than that of the second conveyor.
- a gap 5 is visible, occurring between product 3" and product 3'". This gap might have been formed because the supply device 4 was temporarily unable to present a new product to the first conveyor.
- the first conveying path is lengthened as soon as product 3" - temporarily the last product following a normal pitch - is ejected. This lengthening of the first conveying path is visible in Figs. 1C- IE.
- product 3'" By lengthening the first conveying path along which, inter alia, product 3'" is conveyed by the first conveyor 1, product 3'" will move longer at a higher speed in the conveying direction Tl.
- the product 3'" gains on the products 3, 3', 3', already stacked in roof- tile fashion and, after it has made up a distance the size of the gap 5, can be ejected onto the second conveyor.
- FIGs. 2A and 2B schematically show, in side view, two possible implementation examples of a translatable return pulley with the aid of which the first conveying path can be lengthened or shortened.
- Fig. 2A in particular shows a first conveyor 31 having a conveying surface provided by a belt 31', a second conveyor 32 having a conveying surface provided by a belt 32', two translatable return pulleys 33, 33' and a fixed return pulley 34 around which the conveying belt 31' is tensioned, a spring 35, a controllable drive mechanism 36 connected by way of a movable rod 37 to the return pulley 33, and a supply device 38 for placing products, from above, on the conveying belt 31'.
- the controllable drive mechanism 36 When the controllable drive mechanism 36 receives instructions from a process control unit (not shown) to lengthen the first conveying path (i.e. the path over which the first conveyor conveys the products placed by the supply device 38 on the conveyor belt 31') it will slide out the rod 37 with the rotatably connected return pulley 33 (to the right hand side in the drawing).
- the additional conveying belt length required for lengthening the first conveying path then becomes available in that, by means of a spring 35 under tensile stress, the return pulley 33' is connected to a fixed point F. Shortening the first conveying path is done in a corresponding but reversed manner.
- Fig. 2A Apart from the parts already indicated at the description of Fig. 2A, Fig.
- FIG. 2B shows in particular a return pulley 33' which is connected to a fixed point F by means of a spring 39 under compressive stress.
- the return pulley 33' will move in corresponding direction against the spring force of the spring 39.
- the first conveying path is lengthened; the fact is that the distance between the return pulley 33 and the location where the supply device 38 places the products on the belt is increased.
- the first conveying path can also be shortened.
- the implementation examples shown in Figs. 2A and 2B are not intended to be limitative in any manner.
- FIGs. 3 A and 3B schematically show, in side view, two possible implementation examples of a guide for guiding a product ejected from the first conveyor to a location on the conveying surface of the second conveyor.
- Both Figures show a first conveyor 41 and a second conveyor 42, wherein on the end of the first conveying path, a return pulley 43 is located, the axis of which is non-rotatably connected to a fitting 44.
- the fitting 44 is further hingedly connected to a guide 45.
- the guide On the product receiving side, the guide has a concave profile with which the products ejected by the first conveyor 41 are smoothly guided to the conveying surface of the second conveyor 2.
- the hinged suspension of the guide 45 from the fitting 44 ensures that somewhat thicker/higher products or (periodical) peaks in the stacking in a roof-tile fashion can pass underneath the guide 45 without being appreciably hindered after they have been placed on the second conveyor 2.
- the fitting is connected to a flexible foam rubber roller wheel 46, which roller wheel is suspended for free rotation from the fitting 44.
- the surface of the roller wheel 46 resting, and hence rotating, on the already formed configuration stacked in roof-tile fashion diverts products on the product receiving side towards the conveying surface of the second conveyor 2.
- the foam rubber is deform able, so that somewhat thicker/higher products and (periodic) peaks in the discharge flow stacked in roof-tile fashion can simply pass underneath.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Separation, Sorting, Adjustment, Or Bending Of Sheets To Be Conveyed (AREA)
- Attitude Control For Articles On Conveyors (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé pour empiler des produits sensiblement bidimensionnels à la façon de tuiles, consistant à obtenir une série de produits séparés séquentiellement (3, 3', 3'') à l'aide d'un premier dispositif de transport (1), à une première vitesse de transport, le long d'un premier trajet de transport, dans la direction (T1) de transport; éjecter chaque fois, à la fin du premier trajet de transport, un produit provenant d'une surface de transport du premier dispositif de transport sur une surface de transport du second dispositif de transport (2); décharger une série de produits empilés à la façon de tuiles (5, 4', 4'') à l'aide du second dispositif de transport, à une seconde vitesse de transport, ladite seconde vitesse de transport étant inférieure à la première vitesse de transport le long du second trajet de transport, dans la direction (T2) de transport, et réunir à chaque fois des informations sur la distance comprise entre deux produits successifs fournis à l'aide du premier dispositif de transport et, si nécessaire, rallonger le premier trajet de transport dans la direction de transport conformément à une augmentation établie dans cette distance. L'invention concerne également un appareil pour exécuter le procédé conformément à l'invention.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1034704 | 2007-11-15 | ||
NL1034704A NL1034704C2 (nl) | 2007-11-15 | 2007-11-15 | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het staffelsgewijs stapelen van producten. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009064185A1 true WO2009064185A1 (fr) | 2009-05-22 |
Family
ID=39577623
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL2008/050726 WO2009064185A1 (fr) | 2007-11-15 | 2008-11-14 | Procédé et appareil pour empiler des produits à la façon de tuiles |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
NL (1) | NL1034704C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009064185A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102100976A (zh) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种采用挥发性溶剂的顶空液相微萃取装置 |
CH704959A1 (de) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-30 | Ferag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines lückenlosen Schuppenstromes. |
US9061855B2 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2015-06-23 | Ferag Ag | Method and device for the transfer of printed products |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1260290B (de) * | 1965-02-17 | 1968-02-01 | Erhard Klug | Vorrichtung zur schuppenfoermigen Ablage von Bogen |
EP0259650A2 (fr) * | 1986-09-08 | 1988-03-16 | Ferag AG | Méthode et dispositif pour régulariser la distance séparant deux articles successifs d'un courant d'articles en écailles de poisson, notamment d'imprimés |
WO1999055609A1 (fr) * | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-04 | Ferag Ag | Procede et dispositif pour poursuivre l'acheminement d'objets plats arrivant dans un courant lamellaire |
US20030196871A1 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-10-23 | Jones Theodore E. | Device and method to correct uneven spacing of successive articles |
-
2007
- 2007-11-15 NL NL1034704A patent/NL1034704C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-11-14 WO PCT/NL2008/050726 patent/WO2009064185A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1260290B (de) * | 1965-02-17 | 1968-02-01 | Erhard Klug | Vorrichtung zur schuppenfoermigen Ablage von Bogen |
EP0259650A2 (fr) * | 1986-09-08 | 1988-03-16 | Ferag AG | Méthode et dispositif pour régulariser la distance séparant deux articles successifs d'un courant d'articles en écailles de poisson, notamment d'imprimés |
WO1999055609A1 (fr) * | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-04 | Ferag Ag | Procede et dispositif pour poursuivre l'acheminement d'objets plats arrivant dans un courant lamellaire |
US20030196871A1 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-10-23 | Jones Theodore E. | Device and method to correct uneven spacing of successive articles |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102100976A (zh) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种采用挥发性溶剂的顶空液相微萃取装置 |
CH704959A1 (de) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-30 | Ferag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines lückenlosen Schuppenstromes. |
US9061855B2 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2015-06-23 | Ferag Ag | Method and device for the transfer of printed products |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL1034704C2 (nl) | 2009-05-18 |
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