WO2009051463A1

WO2009051463A1 - Assemblable stones used to assemble construction modules

Info

Publication number: WO2009051463A1
Application number: PCT/MX2008/000131
Authority: WO
Inventors: Silvia Rosa Zambrano Hornedo; Jorge Capistran Fernandez
Original assignee: Silvia Rosa Zambrano Hornedo; Jorge Capistran Fernandez
Priority date: 2007-10-17
Filing date: 2008-09-29
Publication date: 2009-04-23

Abstract

The invention relates to assemblable stones which are used to assemble construction modules, comprising a geometric design formed by multiple parts which are assembled horizontally and vertically. The invention does not require any form of cementing material and is suitable for walls serving different purposes. The invention can be produced from different materials and the dimensions thereof can be varied to suit requirements. The basic part resembles the capital form of the letter Omega. When the bases of two Omegas are joined, a double Omega is produced, which forms the central part of the assembly. Moreover, when two central parts are joined, four tenons are formed and so on, so as to produce a row of tenons with cavities formed therebetween. Said cavities have the same shape as the projections or tenons so that they can receive a part or stone positioned facing same, such that the two stones form a wall. It is important that the first course of one face of the wall is formed by smaller parts and that the first course of the opposite face is formed by taller stones. Thereafter, only same-height parts are used as the wall is being assembled vertically. When the wall is finished one top course is lower than the opposing top course and so the lower side is levelled with a course of smaller parts. The assembly can be reinforced with reinforced concrete pillars.

Description

ASSEMBLY CHAIRS FOR THE ASSEMBLY OF CONSTRUCTION MODULES: 5.1.1 DESCRIPTION: TECHNICAL FIELD FOR APPLICATION: To be used in the construction of walls of all kinds, cargo, divisions, containment, for bridges, third parties, gabions, dikes, works maritime, coffins, sheet piles etc.

BACKGROUND: In the History of Humanity, ashlars have been used in all cultures with the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped (which we can relate to the classical form of the partition) that has been manufactured in various materials such as natural dry mud (adobe) or cooked, quarries of all kinds (eg Pyramids, Cathedrals, Fortresses) hydraulic concrete, etc. And in various sizes and dimensions. In general, these ashlars, due to their shape, have required binders such as mud, sand-cement mixtures, lime, resins, etc. To be able to join with each other and form walls, or subject them to very high compressions of axial deadweight to achieve stability. The advantage of the geometric design and placement of the ashlars in question, is that due to their shape and assembly, they do not require any binder for their assembly and are left by Nature united in the two vertical and horizontal planes and also horizontally and vertically cuffed, thus avoiding the characteristic horizontal sliding of traditional ashlar systems, resulting in a solid and stable wall.

Advantages over classic systems:

Due to its geometric shape and assembly mode, it is armed in the two vertical and horizontal planes and also cuted in both directions, thus avoiding the horizontal landslides typical of traditional systems and assembling without the need of any binder, obtaining by its nature a solid and stable wall. For the above, the ashlars can be made of various materials such as: Adobe, ceramics Baked, hydraulic concrete (cement - sand) of plastic and synthetic materials of all natural and artificial types, metals, crystals, silica sands, etc. For its geometric shape and assembly mode; that are the novelties of the system, you can manufacture ashlars of different dimensions to scale according to your application: -For buildings in general, housing of all kinds of load, containment or partition walls;

-For land works such as load and containment walls for bridges, dirt roads, gabions, etc. -For maritime, river or lake works. Since it does NOT require any binder for its assembly and they are armed in both vertical and horizontal planes, the ashlars can be assembled underwater for load or containment walls, dikes, coffins, sheet piles etc. -For aerodynamic or space uses.

In the case of load or containment walls, due to its geometric shape, the wall can be reinforced with castles drowned in concrete and reinforced with steel bars as indicated in the design and thus integrate the substructure with the superstructure whatever it may be. . In each case, it will be necessary to carry out the structural calculations to define the material, its structural resistance, and the scale dimension of the ashlars, always respecting the geometric shape, being able to vary its proportions and the way of horizontal assembly. The vertical assembly will always be cuatrapeado which is one of the novelties of the system. This is achieved by placing a shorter piece in front of the first course in front of the same piece but with a greater cant, which is why all the pieces are presented in two cant. You can also use the ashlars for teaching and recreation models. The dimensions to scale can vary according to your application, always respecting the geometric shape and vertical assembly mode, however, the following dimensions are proposed for building and housing uses:

(In a more non-limiting way) The dimension is proposed taking into account the standards in the construction of ordinary ashlars generally made of Hydraulic concrete (Cement-Sand). Therefore the standard and commercial measure of 2Ó0mm.x400mm.x160mm and its manufacture in cement-sand mortar mixture for a fc = 90kg / cm2. There is a basic piece for the configuration of the ashlars that make up the system. This piece has the shape of the Greek letter Omega in Uppercase and has two equal horizontal planes, one upper and one lower and several vertical planes. The measure recommended here is for ashlars used in building and housing (Example of measures that can be modified as the case may be). All ashlars will have a thickness of 100.00mm. And / or 200.00mm as the case may be, these thicknesses correspond to the vertical planes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES:

-Figure N ° 1 represents a perspective of a modality of the MALE CHAIR

(D *

-Figure N ° 2 represents the nomination of the lines and of the upper and lower vertical and horizontal planes of the MALE CHAIR (1).

«Figure N ° 3 represents the plan shape of the upper surface of the ARMCHAIR

MALE, (1) Complete Omega »

-Figure N ° 4 represents a perspective of a modality of the ARMCHAIR

CENTRAL (2). -Figure N ° 5 represents the nomination of the lines and of the upper and lower vertical and horizontal planes of the CENTRAL CHAIR (2).

-Figure N ° 6 represents the plan form of the CENTRAL CHAIR (2). Double Omega joined by its base on the X.1 axis.

«Figure No. 7 represents a perspective of a modality of the LONG ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (3).

-Figure N ° 8 represents the nomination of the lines and of the upper and lower vertical and horizontal planes of the LONG ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (3).

«Figure N ° 9 represents the plan shape of the LONG ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (3).

Omega and a half, -Figure N ⁰ IO represents a perspective of a modality of the ARMCHAIR

CORNER (4).

«Figure N ° 11 represents the nomination of the lines and vertical planes and horizontal upper and lower of the CORNER CHAIR (4). -Figure N ° 12 represents the plan shape of the CORNER CHAIR (4). Omega and a half joined by its base in the linear sense on the X.1 axis., Tied with an omega rotated in such a way that the base of the omega is vertically on the axis of the spike-shaped abscissa, attached to the Y axis

-Figure N ° 13 represents a perspective of one modality of the CRUISE CHAIR

-Figure N ° 14 represents the nomination of the lines and of the upper and lower vertical and horizontal planes of the CRUISE CHAIR (5). -Figure N ° 15 represents the plan shape of the CRUISE CHAIR (5). Omega and a half joined by its base in the linear sense, tied with an omega rotated in such a way that the base of the omega is vertically on the axis of the abscissa and also inverted in the form of a socket, adhered to the Y.4 axis. .

-Figure N ° 16 represents a perspective of a modality of the SHORT ADJUSTMENT CHAIR ((6).

-Figure N ° 17 represents the nomination of the upper and lower vertical and horizontal lines and planes of the SHORT ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (6).

-Figure N ° 18 represents the plan shape of the SHORT ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (6). Half of the Omega,

-Figure N ⁰ 19 represents the way of displacing the wall and the different ashlars for its assembly all seen on the floor, this is only a proposal of the assembly, since it can be assembled in several ways depending on its objective and the needs of each project,

-Figure N ⁰ 20 represents the way of displacing the wall and the different ashlars for its assembly, all seen in perspective, this is only a proposal of the assembly, since it can be assembled in several ways depending on its objective and the needs of each project,

-Figure N ⁰ 21 represents the way to assemble the wall in a traditional way with an included window, perspective view. -Figure N ° 22 represents the way to assemble the wall in a traditional way with an included window, perspective view.

-Figure N ⁰ 23 represents the way to assemble the wall in a traditional way with an included window, top view in perspective. -Figure N ⁰ 24 represents the way to assemble the wall in a traditional way with an included window, bottom perspective view.

-Figure N ⁰ 25 represents the way to assemble the wall in a traditional way and the way to reinforce it with castles of a rod and hydraulic concrete. It will be necessary to perform the structural calculation for each case. Perspective view. -Figure N ⁰ 26 represents the CENTRAL CHAIR (2), double Omega joined by its base in the linear sense) already made in cement-sand mixture. -Figure N ⁰ 27 represents the CORNER CHAIR (4), Omega and a half joined by its base in the linear sense, tied with an omega rotated in such a way that the base of the omega is vertically on the axis of the abscissa in spike shape Adhered to the Y.4 axis already made in cement-sand mixture.

-Figure N ⁰ 28 represents the CRUISE CHAIR (5), Omega and a half joined by its base in the linear sense, tied with an omega turned in such a way that the base of the omega is vertically on the axis of the abscissa and its base on the Y.4 axis and also inverted in the form of a socket already made in cement-sand mixture.

-Figure N ⁰ 29 represents the way to use the ashlars in a coffin. You see the piles anchored in the ground that will stiffen the wall and continue vertically in the form of armed castles according to their size. Note the versatility of being able to change the measures of the ashlars according to their usefulness.

Perspective view.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: Stereotomy of the pieces:

Assembly module by means of ashlars, To be used in the construction of walls of all kinds, cargo, divisions, containment, for bridges, third parties, gabions, dikes, maritime works, coffins, sheet piles etc., which comprises different types of mating blocks which are described below:

The base piece is a MALE CHAIR (1) Fig. 2, (Omega configuration) a sillar, which has a rectangular base 1.1 from which a bead in the form of the letter Omega 1.7 is detached on two lateral planes 1.2, 1.12, on two planes parallel to 1.1, which are 1.3 and 1.11 detaching on two inclined planes 1.5, 1.9, joined by arcs 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.10 and has two equal horizontal planes, one upper 1.14 and one lower 1.13. containing a hole 1.15, arranged in the central part of the omega-shaped flange 1.7, which crosses the thickness of the piece in its entirety, to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines;

CENTRAL CHAIR (2), Fig. 5, (Double Omega) a chair that has a rectangular base 2.1, from which 2 flanges 2.7, 2.15 in the form of Omega (double Omega joined by its base on the X.1 axis) in the linear sense), formed between the two Omega-shaped flanges a socket 2.11 that has two inclined planes 2.9 and 2.13, joined by the arcs 2.8, 2.10, 2.12, 2.14, having both right and left flanges in the form of Omega 2.7 and 2.15, the Omega 2.7 flange has two inclined planes 2.5 and 2.9 joined by arcs 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 2.10, 31 flange 2.15 has two inclined planes 2.13 and 2.17 joined by arcs 2.12, 2.14, 2.16, 2.18 , said flanges contain a bore 2.22, 2.23, arranged in the central part, which cross the entire thickness of the piece to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines;

LONG ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (3), Fig 8, (Omega and half configuration joined by its base on the X.1 axis in the linear sense) a sillar that has a rectangular base 3.1, from which 2 ridges in shape are released of omega, forming a socket 3.11 between the Omega 3.7 and the average Omega 3.11, which has two inclined planes 3.9 and 3.13 joined by the arches 3.10, 3.12, 3.14, 3.20, said chair has two lateral planes 3.2 and 3.18 and two planes parallel to plane 3.1 which are 3.3 and 3.11, from which two inclined planes that are 3.5, 3.9, linked by arcs 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 3.10, which make up the flange in the form of omega 3.7, emerge, which it contains a hole 3.20, arranged in the central part of the protuberance that crosses the thickness of the piece in its entirety, to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines; on the inclined plane 3.13 joined by the 3.12, 3.14 and the straight planes 3.16, 3.18, joined by the semicircle 3.17, form the Omega 3.15 half flange, presenting two horizontal planes one upper 3.19 and one lower 3.21;

CORNER CHAIR, (4) Fig. 11, (Omega and a half configuration joined by its base in the linear sense, tied with an omega turned in such a way that the base of the omega is vertically on the axis of the abscissa in spike shape Adhered to the Y4.1 axis) a sillar that has a rectangular base 4.1, from which 2 Omega-shaped flanges, one 4.23 that is on a lateral plane 4.28 and two planes parallel to plane 4.1 that are the 4.19 and 4.27 of which three inclined planes, 4.17, 4.21, 4.25, come together by arcs 4.20, 4.22, 4.24, 4.26, forming said Omega next to it forms a socket 4.19 that has two inclined planes 4.17 and 4.21 joined by arcs 4.16, 4.18, 4.20, 4.22, sideways

Right of this socket a flange in the form of Omega 4.15, on an inclined plane 4.17, joined by arcs 4.16, 4.18 and joined on axes Y4.1 and Y4.2, on which a rectangular protrusion is detached which has two lateral planes 4.14, 4.12 and one posterior 4.13, the second Omega 4.8 is on two parallel planes that are 4.4 and 4.12, on two inclined planes 4.6 and v4.10 joined by the arcs 4.5, 4.7, 4.9, 4.9.4.12 forming The Omega-shaped flange 4.8 protruding at the end of the Omega-shaped flange, on its right side, a rectangular protrusion which has two lateral planes 4.2 and 4.4 and a frontal 4.3 and two horizontal planes, one upper 4.30 and the lower one 4.29 , in the omega-shaped flanges they contain a hole 4.31, 4.32, arranged in its central part that crosses the thickness of the piece in its entirety, to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines; CRUISE ARMCHAIR, (5) Fig. 14, (of Omega and a half configuration joined by its base in the linear sense, tied with an omega turned in such a way that the pass of the omega is vertically on the axis of the abscissa in the form of a pin attached to the Y-4 and Y4.1 axis and also inverted in the form of alveolus) a sillar that has a rectangular base 5.1, from which on the left side a rectangular protrusion that contains two lateral planes 5.34 and 5.30 and two frontal planes 5.33 and 5.31 joined by a semi circle 5.32, of the left lateral plane 5.30 is formed Mn alveolus 5.26 which comprises two internal inclined pianos 5.28 and 5.24 joined by arcs 5.23, 5.25, 5.27, 5.29, on the back side of the alveolus there is another rectangular protuberance that has two lateral planes 5.22 and 5.18 and two frontal planes 5.19 and 5.21 joined by a semi circle 5.20, later this joins a half-omega configuration 5.17 which has an inclined plane 5.15, joined by arcs 5.14 _r 5.16 and joined on axes Y4 and Y4.1, after the omega half 5.17 there is another alveolus 5.13 which has two inclined planes 5.16 and 5.11 joined by arcs 5.12, 5.10, 5.14, 5.16, on the right side of this alveolus an Omega shaped flange 5.8 is formed which has two planes inclined 5.6 and 5.11 joined by arcs 5.5, 5.7, 5.10, 5.11 on two planes parallel to plane 5.1 that are 5.47 and 5.13 an Iatéral plane 5.3 and two horizontal planes, one upper 5.37 and the other lower 5.35, containing a 5.36 bore , arranged in the central part of the protuberance that crosses the thickness of the piece in its entirety, to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines. SHORT ADJUSTMENT CHAIR, (6) Fig. 17, (Half of the Omega, split on the Y.2 axis.) A chair that has a rectangular base 6.1 from which a half-shaped Omega 6.5 flange is detached over two lateral planes 6.10 and 6.2 and a plane parallel to 6.1 which is the plane 6.9 and the plane 6.5 on the inclined plane 6.7 joined by the arcs 6.6, 6.8 and the straight planes 6.2, 6.4 joined by the semi circle 6.3 arranged to the half of the protuberance and two horizontal planes, one upper 6.11 and one lower 6.12;

In all cases the pieces will be manufactured in two cant or measures on the vertical planes, shorter pieces with 100mm cant. (As an example) and others with a higher cant with 200mm cant. (As an example). Stereotomy of the Armed. ^one

A male sillar (1) that has a rectangular base from which an Omega-shaped flange follows on two inclined planes, joined by arcs and It has two equal horizontal planes, one upper and one lower that contain a hole in the center of the flange or spike that crosses the thickness of the piece from side to side, to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines, if we join two omegas by its base 1.1 we will have two Omega-shaped flanges, forming in turn a CENTRAL CHAIR (2) having the 2.7 and 2.15 flanges, the CENTRAL CHAIR (2) that has a rectangular base, from which two shaped flanges come off of Omega Capital. On inclined planes joined by arcs forming spikes that contain an alveolus-shaped coupling groove and has two equal horizontal planes, one upper and one lower, containing a hole in the center of the flange or spike that crosses the thickness of The piece from side to side, to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines, Now if we join two CENTRAL CHAIRS (2) in a linear way through the planes 2.2 2.20 we will have four protrusions and so on a chain of protrusions is formed, being between them formed by planes 2.3 and 2.19, like the 2.11, to achieve this it is important to move the first course of a face of the wall with short ashlars of 100mm. And from the opposite side to this wall, move with ashlars of greater 200mm cant., That is to say that the wall has two faces each formed by equal but opposite ashlars, when joining these ashlars, the Omega-shaped flanges are facing inside the alveoli leaving the opposite planes together, from the second course onwards, blocks of greater cantilever, that is to say 200mm, will be placed. On both sides of the wall as shown in Fig. N ⁰ 20 and Fig. N ⁰ 22, until the desired height is reached, once the wall is finished, as a course is lower than the opposite one, the more side is flush low with a course of 100mm pieces. As shown in Figure N ⁰ 21 and thus be able to finish the wall;

For the corners, the LONG ADJUSTMENT CHAIRS (3) _f CORNER CHAIRS (4) and the SHORT ADJUSTMENT CHAIRS (6) are used, this is conformed when the CORNER ARMCHAIRS (4) are fitted, remaining the Omega 4.8 shaped flange coupled to the socket 3.11 of the LONG ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (3) or with the SHORT ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (6) when the Omega 4.8 flange of the CORNER ARMCHAIR (4) is coupled with the omega 6.9 half of the SHORT ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (6), as shown in the corners of Fig. 19;

CRUISE ARMCHAIRS (5), as the name Io indicates, are used in cruise ships, when their socket 4.26, is coupled with the CORNER ARMCHAIR (4) by means of its Omega 4.8 shaped flange, and also when coupled with the CENTRAL CHAIR (2) by means of its Omega 2.7 and 2.14 shaped flanges, as well as with the SHORT ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (6) by means of its straight planes 6.2 and 6.4 and its semi circle 6.3, as shown in Figure N ° 19 in its central part;

For adjustments, the MALE CHAIRS (1), LONG ADJUSTMENT CHAIRS, SHORT ADJUSTMENT CHAIRS (6), whose Omega-shaped flanges are coupled to the alveoli 2.11, or the planes formed by the union of the planes 1.11, 1.3 with 2.3, 2.19, 3.3, 4.27 and 5.4, as shown in Fig. 20;

The Omega shape of the piece also causes a hole or hole in the center of the spikes of the MALE CHAIR (1), 1.15, CENTRAL CHAIR (2) 2.22, 2.23, LONG ADJUSTMENT CHAIR (3) 3.20, CORNER CHAIR (4 ) 4.31, 4.32, CRUISE CHAIR (5) 5.36), which may be used to house an armed castle or facility lines as appropriate and will be structurally calculated for each case according to its usefulness;

Claims

Claims: Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider it as a novelty and therefore claim our exclusive ownership contained in the following clauses:

1.- Building modules, armed by coupling blocks which include:

A male sillar (1) that has a rectangular base from which a rim in the form of the letter Omega is detached on two inclined planes, joined by arcs and has two equal horizontal planes, one upper and one lower that contain a hole in the center of the flange or spike that crosses the thickness of the piece from side to side, to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines;

A Central sillar (2) that has a rectangular base, from which two Omega-shaped ridges are detached, on inclined planes joined by arcs forming spikes that contain a socket-shaped coupling groove, whose function is Ia of receiving an omega-shaped flange d a male sillar (1), or of the same central sillar, that is to say being coupled but on opposite planes, in addition this sillar presents two equal horizontal planes, one upper and one lower, which contain a hole in the center of the flange3 or spike that crosses the thickness of the piece from side to side, to accommodate a rod and Hydraulic concrete or installation lines;

A Long Adjustment chair (3), which has a rectangular base, from which two ridges come off, one in the form of Omega on two inclined planes joined by arcs and the other in the form of Omega half on an inclined plane joined by arcs and straight plane, also joined by an arc, forming between the two flanges a socket groove in the form of a socket, which has the function of receiving an omega-shaped flange from a male sillar (1), a central sillar (2 ), a corner chair (4), in addition to this chair has two horizontal planes one upper and one lower, containing a hole in the center of the spike, which crosses the thickness of the piece from side to side, to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines;

A corner chair (4), which has a rectangular base from which three ridges come off. One in the form of Omega on two inclined planes, joined by the arches and the other in the form of half omega, since in the middle of these two a socket is formed which has the function of receiving an omega-shaped flange from a sillar center (2), and another Omega-shaped flange inverted in the vertical direction forming a spike on inclined planes joined by arches to the flanges and two horizontal planes, this flange can be attached to the alveolus of the long-set saddle (3), sillar Cruising (5), short adjustment saddle (6), in addition this corner chair has two horizontal planes one upper and one lower, which contain a hole in the center of each flange that crosses the thickness of the piece from side to side , to accommodate a hydraulic rod and concrete or installation lines;

A Cruising ashlar (5) that has a rectangular base from which two ridges come off, one in the form of Omega on two inclined planes joined by an arc and the other in the form of half omega, since in the middle of these two a Alveolus which has the function of receiving an omega shaped flange from a central sillar (2), and GO además also has another recess in the form of an inverted Omega in the vertical direction forming a socket which has the function of receiving a flange in Omega shape of a male sillar (1), central sillar (2), corner sillar (4), in addition the cruise sillar has two horizontal planes, one upper and one lower, which contain a hole at the center of the flange, which crosses the thickness of the piece from side to side, to accommodate a rod and hydraulic concrete or installation lines;

A Short Adjustment chair (6) that has a rectangular base from which an Omega-shaped rim is detached over the inclined plane joined by the arches and the straight planes joined by an arc and two planes horizontal, one upper and one lower

And a semicircle housed at the center of the flange that crosses the piece from side to side, the purpose of this chair is to engage with the male chair (1), center chair (2), corner chair (4), cruise chair (5) );

2.- Construction module armed by coupling blocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material for manufacturing the blocks can be.

Adobe, baked ceramics, hydraulic concrete (cement - sand) of plastic and synthetic materials of all natural and artificial types, metals, crystals, silica sands, etc., due to their geometric shape and mode of assembly; which are the novelties of the system, ashlars of different dimensions can be manufactured to scale according to their application;

3.- Building modules armed by coupling blocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Omega-shaped flanges contain central holes or holes that serve to house pipelines of hydraulic, sanitary, electrical, air conditioning, etc. ;