WO2009047093A1 - Injecteur à manchon de soupape de commande - Google Patents

Injecteur à manchon de soupape de commande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009047093A1
WO2009047093A1 PCT/EP2008/062334 EP2008062334W WO2009047093A1 WO 2009047093 A1 WO2009047093 A1 WO 2009047093A1 EP 2008062334 W EP2008062334 W EP 2008062334W WO 2009047093 A1 WO2009047093 A1 WO 2009047093A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
injector
control valve
valve element
fuel
injector according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/062334
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nadja Eisenmenger
Hans-Christoph Magel
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP08804289.0A priority Critical patent/EP2195523B1/fr
Publication of WO2009047093A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009047093A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004—Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004—Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing
    • F02M63/0042—Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing combined with valve seats of the lift valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/003—Valve inserts containing control chamber and valve piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0078—Valve member details, e.g. special shape, hollow or fuel passages in the valve member
    • F02M63/008—Hollow valve members, e.g. members internally guided

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injector for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, in particular a common rail injector, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a common rail injector with a pressure-balanced control valve in the axial direction is known.
  • the control valve which has a sleeve-shaped control valve element
  • the fuel pressure can be influenced within a control chamber bounded on the end side by an injection valve element.
  • the injection valve element is adjusted between an open position and a closed position, wherein the injection valve element releases the fuel flow into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine in its open position.
  • the sleeve-shaped control valve element is connected to an armature plate which cooperates with an electromagnetic actuator for adjusting the sleeve-shaped control valve element.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to propose an improved injector in which caused by the fuel flowing in the direction of the injector return port with open control valve, acting on the anchor plate and thus the switching behavior of the injector negatively influencing flow forces are at least reduced.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the flow forces acting on the armature plate, which are caused by fuel flowing in the direction of the injector return port when the control valve is open, are thereby minimized or preferably completely avoided in that the fuel, at least one partial fuel flow, with the control valve open radially on the outside of the electromagnet arrangement, which preferably comprises a holding body and at least one electromagnet, is guided past in the axial direction to the Inj ektor Weglaufan gleich.
  • a channel arranged radially outside the electromagnet arrangement and leading in the axial direction is provided, through which the fuel (control quantity) flowing out of the control chamber when the control valve is open can flow to the injector return port.
  • the at least one channel at least partially as a recess, in particular cutout, outside of (in) the solenoid assembly, and / or as a recess, in particular cutout on (in) a component surrounding the solenoid assembly, in particular form a housing part of the injector , It is particularly preferred to provide a plurality of circumferentially spaced, axially leading channels, which in Seen circumferentially hydraulically separated from each other or optionally hydraulically connected to each other. Likewise, it is conceivable to design the at least one channel, at least in sections, as an annular channel.
  • valve element of the control valve it is also within the scope of the invention to guide the, preferably sleeve-shaped, valve element of the control valve on its inner circumference and / or on its outer circumference.
  • a guide pin which is formed integrally with a control valve seat of the control valve having valve body.
  • a pressure pin is provided inside the valve element, which is formed as part of the valve body having the control valve seat separate component and in the axial direction on a remote from the control valve seat component, preferably supported by spring force, supported or in one piece is formed with this component.
  • the pressure pin is in particular the task to seal the inner cross section of the valve element (valve sleeve) in the axial direction (upward) and to absorb the pressure forces acting in the axial direction (upward). It is conceivable, in particular in a positionally fixed arrangement of the pressure pin, that this leads the valve element in the axial direction on its inner circumference. Additionally or alternatively, a component guiding the valve element on its outer circumference may be provided.
  • the armature plate viewed in the axial direction, is located between the control valve seat of the control valve and the electric motor. arranged magnet arrangement.
  • a component sequence preferably results, viewed from axially above to axially below in the direction of an injection valve element seat: injector return port, electromagnet arrangement, armature plate, control valve seat.
  • the fuel in a range axially between the armature plate and the control valve seat, in particular in a radial direction is introduced into the channel provided outside the solenoid assembly.
  • a connecting channel for supplying the fuel in the arranged outside the electromagnet assembly channel in the axial direction as far away from the anchor plate is spaced, so as viewed in the axial direction, as close as possible to the control valve seat, in order to at least largely avoid or minimize flow-force loading of the anchor plate.
  • the channel leading radially outwards on the electromagnet assembly is movable downwards in the axial direction, that is, in the axial direction, is advantageous.
  • H. is extended in the direction of an injection valve element seat, that extends in the axial direction beyond the electromagnet assembly also.
  • control valve when its preferred designed as a valve sleeve valve element rests against the associated control valve seat, is pressure balanced in the axial direction.
  • a sealing edge is arranged on the inner circumference of the valve element, so that a pressure step on the valve element, which would cause an opening force on the valve element, is avoided.
  • the provision of a arranged in the radial direction outside of the solenoid assembly channel for the derivation of at least a subset, in particular a body portion, preferably the total amount of open at the control valve in the direction of Inj ektorschreiblaufan gleiches (low-pressure port) flowing fuel allows the realization of a particularly preferred embodiment of Injector, in which the injector return connection for connecting the injector to a return line for the fuel control amount is arranged centrally on a side facing away from the combustion chamber end face (cover) of the injector.
  • Such an arrangement of the Inj ektor Weglaufan gleiches is inexpensive to produce and above all allows easy installation of the injector connections to the engine.
  • asymmetrical deformations are avoided by the injector internal pressure due to a substantially coaxial injector design with a return connection arranged centrally on one end side.
  • the channel is formed radially outside the solenoid assembly as an annular channel which radially inward of the solenoid assembly, in particular a holding body for the at least one electromagnet , and is bounded radially on the outside by a housing component, in particular an injector body, of the injector.
  • valve element at least in its lower, the control valve seat facing area radially outwardly surrounded by an annular space which is connected to the radially outside of the solenoid assembly arranged channel hydraulically, in particular via a connecting channel.
  • the force flows Substance with open control valve from within the valve element in the annulus and flows there in a substantially radial or oblique direction in the channel.
  • the channel arranged radially outside the electromagnet arrangement is preferably extended in the axial direction (downward), ie extends axially beyond the electromagnet arrangement, so that the channel extends into a region radially outside the annular space.
  • the annular space is bounded radially on the outside by a support ring for the electromagnet arrangement, wherein the support ring preferably rests on the valve body having the control valve seat.
  • the hydraulic connection between the annulus and the channel is realized by at least one bore, preferably a radial bore, in the support ring.
  • the annular space is formed as an anchor space for the anchor plate and receives in its interior the anchor plate.
  • Such a configuration is particularly preferred in particular when the valve element is guided on its inner circumference. It is preferred to direct the Kraftstoffström with open control valve in the radial direction with a sufficient axial distance to the armature plate in the axially leading channel radially outward of the solenoid assembly.
  • a spring chamber is provided, within which a control closing spring for closing the control valve is arranged at not energized solenoid assembly.
  • a pressure pin which seals the valve element in the axial direction also extends into the spring space and is supported in the axial direction on an injector cover or a component projecting axially therefrom.
  • the spring chamber is hydraulically connected via a throttle to the injector return, so that a (minimum) subset of the fuel flowing out of the control chamber with open control valve fuel through the spring chamber and not through the radially outside of the solenoid assembly arranged channel Injector return can flow.
  • a venting of the spring chamber is ensured.
  • this ensures that the armature space is filled with fuel, which in turn serves for vibration damping.
  • FIG. 1 shows in the only Fig. 1 designed as a common rail Inj ector injector with a radially outside a solenoid assembly arranged channel (ring channel).
  • Fig. 1 designed as a common rail injector injector 1 is shown for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
  • a high-pressure pump 2 conveys fuel from a supply container 3 into a high-pressure fuel accumulator 4 (rail). In this fuel, especially diesel or gasoline, under high pressure, of about 2000 bar in this embodiment, stored.
  • the injector 1 is connected via other, not shown, injectors via a supply line 5.
  • the supply line 5 opens into a pressure chamber 6 (high pressure area) of the injector 1 and flows from there in an injection process directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the injector 1 is connected via a Inj ektor Weglaufan gleich 7 to a return line 8, which leads to the reservoir 3. Through the return line 8, a later to be explained control amount of fuel flow from the injector 1 to the reservoir 3 and are fed from there from the high pressure circuit again.
  • injection valve element 10 Within a housing part 9 is a one-piece in this embodiment injection valve element 10, which may also be designed in several parts, if necessary, adjustable in the axial direction.
  • the injection valve element 10 is internal. guided within a nozzle body 11 at its outer periphery. This nozzle body 11 is clamped by means of a union nut, not shown, with the housing part 9.
  • the injection valve element 10 has at its tip 12 a closing surface 13, with which the injection valve element
  • sleeve-shaped portion 20 of the plate member 21 is a control chamber
  • the sleeve-shaped portion 20 with enclosed therein control chamber 22 is radially outwardly surrounded by fuel under high pressure, so that an annular guide gap 24 radially between the sleeve-shaped portion 20 and the injection valve member 10 is comparatively fuel-tight.
  • the control chamber 22 is connected via a disposed in the plate member 21 drain passage 25 with outlet throttle 26 with a valve chamber 27, the radially outwardly adjustable from an axially adjustable, as formed valve element 28 of a pressure-balanced in the axial direction in the axial direction control valve 29 (servo Valve) is limited.
  • Fuel can then flow out of the valve chamber 27 into a low-pressure region 30 of the injector 1 and from there to the injector return port 7 when the valve element 28, which is firmly connected to an anchor plate 31, is lifted off its control valve seat 35 formed on the plate element 21, ie the control valve 29 is open.
  • an electromagnet arrangement 32 is provided, which has an electromagnet 33, which is held in a holding body 34.
  • the electromagnet 33 cooperates with the armature plate 31, which is arranged in an annular space 36, wherein the annular space 36 in this embodiment also serves as an armature space.
  • the valve element 28 lifts when energized the solenoid assembly 32 from its arranged on the plate member 21, formed in this embodiment as a flat seat, control valve seat 35 from.
  • the flow cross sections of the inlet throttle 23 and the outlet throttle 26 are matched to one another such that when the control valve 29 is open, a net outflow of fuel (fuel control quantity) from the control chamber 22 via the valve chamber 27 into the low pressure region 30, more precisely the annular space 36, of the injector 1 and from there to the injector return port 7 and through the return line 8 flows into the reservoir 3.
  • the pressure in the control chamber 22 decreases rapidly, whereby the injection valve element 10 lifts off from its injection valve element seat 14, so that As a result, fuel can flow out of the pressure chamber 6 through the nozzle hole arrangement 15.
  • the energization of the electromagnet assembly 32 is interrupted, whereby the valve element 28 by means of an armature plate 31 supported on the control spring 37, which is for the most part received in a spring chamber 38 which is disposed within the holding body 34 in the drawing plane down on its control valve seat 35 is adjusted.
  • the fuel flowing in through the inlet throttle 23 into the control chamber 22 ensures rapid pressure rise in the control chamber 22 and thus a closing force acting on the injection valve element 10.
  • the resulting closing movement of the injection valve element 10 is supported by a closing spring 39, which is supported at one end on a peripheral collar 40 of the injection valve element 10 and the other end on the lower side in the drawing plane end face 41 of the sleeve-shaped portion 20 of the plate member 21.
  • a channel 42 designed as an annular channel is provided which is arranged in a region radially outside of the electromagnet arrangement 32 and extends in the axial direction in the direction of the centric injector return connection 7.
  • This channel 42 extends in the axial direction in the plane of the drawing down to a region radially outwardly of the annular space 36.
  • the fuel flows in the radial direction into the annular space 36, which surrounds the valve element 28 radially outward, and from there from a formed as a radial bore connecting channel 43 within a support ring 44 for the Electromagnet assembly 32 in the channel 42 and thereby applied to the control valve seat 35 facing radial surfaces 45 of the armature plate 31 is not or only insignificantly with flow forces, so that vibrations of the valve member 28 are at least largely avoided.
  • the fuel flows in the axial direction of the support ring 44 and the solenoid assembly 32 over to a cover 46 of the injector 1, which is bolted to the housing part 9.
  • the housing part 9 form a multi-part and, for example, against an axially between the nozzle body 11 and the housing part 9 disposed injector body (also a housing part) to brace.
  • the electromagnet assembly 32 is clamped in the axial direction between the cover 46 and the support ring 44, which in turn is supported on the plate member 21.
  • a channel facing pocket 47 is introduced, which extends in the radial direction in an area in the plane of the drawing axially above the electromagnet assembly 32. From this pocket 47, a sloping channel 48 in the cover 46 leads directly to the centric injector return port 7.
  • a pressure pin 49 protrudes into the sleeve-shaped valve element 28, which firstly seals the valve chamber 27 axially upward in the plane of the drawing and at the same time forms an axial stop 50 for the valve element 28 when the electromagnet arrangement 32 is energized.
  • the pressure pin 49 extends in the axial direction into the spring chamber 38 and is supported in the axial direction on a plate 51, which in turn rests against the cover 46. Alternatively, an immediate support of the pressure pin 49 to the cover 46 or a one-piece design with this conceivable. On the plate 51 also supports the control spring 37 from.
  • a recess 52 (pocket) is provided in the plate 51, through which a small Kraftstoffström can flow to a throttle 53 in the cover 46.
  • the throttle 53 hydraulically connects the spring chamber 38 to the injector return port 7.
  • a ring seal 54 is axially disposed between the cover 46 and the holding body 34 which is received in an annular groove 55 of the lid 46 and which extends coaxially around the spring chamber 38 at its axial end and thus the spring chamber 38 seals against the channel 42 and the pocket 47 in the radial direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un injecteur conçu pour injecter du carburant dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne, notamment d'un injecteur à rampe commune, lequel injecteur comprend un élément de soupape d'injection (10) qui peut se déplacer en direction axiale entre une position fermée et une position ouverte, en fonction de la pression dans une chambre de commande (22). La chambre de commande (22) peut être raccordée à un raccord de retour d'injecteur (7) au moyen d'une soupape de commande (29) qui présente un élément de soupape (28) réglable. L'élément de soupape (28) est en liaison fonctionnelle avec une plaque d'ancrage (31) qui coopère avec un dispositif électromagnétique (32) pour déplacer l'élément de soupape (28) et qui se trouve entre le dispositif électromagnétique (32) et un siège de soupape de commande (35) dans la direction axiale. Selon l'invention, un canal (42) placé radialement à l'extérieur du dispositif électromagnétique (32) et conduisant en direction axiale permet au carburant de s'écouler de la chambre de commande (22) en direction du raccord de retour d'injecteur (7) lorsque la soupape de commande (29) est ouverte.
PCT/EP2008/062334 2007-10-02 2008-09-17 Injecteur à manchon de soupape de commande WO2009047093A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08804289.0A EP2195523B1 (fr) 2007-10-02 2008-09-17 Injecteur à manchon de soupape de commande

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007047151A DE102007047151A1 (de) 2007-10-02 2007-10-02 Injektor mit Steuerventilhülse
DE102007047151.5 2007-10-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009047093A1 true WO2009047093A1 (fr) 2009-04-16

Family

ID=40130847

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/062334 WO2009047093A1 (fr) 2007-10-02 2008-09-17 Injecteur à manchon de soupape de commande

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2195523B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007047151A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009047093A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011078346A1 (de) * 2011-06-29 2013-01-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schaltventil, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schaltventils und Kraftstoffinjektor mit einem Schaltventil
DE102011078564A1 (de) * 2011-07-04 2013-01-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Steuerventil für einen Kraftstoffinjektor und Kraftstoffinjektor
DE102015202726A1 (de) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Steuerventilanordnung

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0740068A2 (fr) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-30 Lucas Industries public limited company Buse d'injection de combustible
WO2000055490A1 (fr) 1999-03-18 2000-09-21 Delphi Technologies Inc. Injecteur de carburant
EP1517341A2 (fr) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-23 Denso Corporation Actionneur électromagnétique, procédé de son fabrication et soupape d?injection de carburant
EP1612403A1 (fr) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-04 C.R.F. Societa' Consortile per Azioni Soupape servo pour controller l'injecteur d'un moteur à combustion interne

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006021741A1 (de) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffinjektor mit druckausgeglichenem Steuerventil
DE102006040645A1 (de) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injektor für Brennkraftmaschinen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0740068A2 (fr) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-30 Lucas Industries public limited company Buse d'injection de combustible
WO2000055490A1 (fr) 1999-03-18 2000-09-21 Delphi Technologies Inc. Injecteur de carburant
EP1517341A2 (fr) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-23 Denso Corporation Actionneur électromagnétique, procédé de son fabrication et soupape d?injection de carburant
EP1612403A1 (fr) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-04 C.R.F. Societa' Consortile per Azioni Soupape servo pour controller l'injecteur d'un moteur à combustion interne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2195523A1 (fr) 2010-06-16
EP2195523B1 (fr) 2016-06-08
DE102007047151A1 (de) 2009-04-09

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