WO2009025568A1 - Dispositif et procédé pour brûler une biomasse à haute teneur en cendres, toxique - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour brûler une biomasse à haute teneur en cendres, toxique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009025568A1
WO2009025568A1 PCT/RU2007/000413 RU2007000413W WO2009025568A1 WO 2009025568 A1 WO2009025568 A1 WO 2009025568A1 RU 2007000413 W RU2007000413 W RU 2007000413W WO 2009025568 A1 WO2009025568 A1 WO 2009025568A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ash
biomass
gas generator
burning
furnace
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2007/000413
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Viacheslav Dmitrievich Shapovalov
Victor Nikolaevich Paslyon
Alexander Olegovich Lobanov
Original Assignee
Shapovalov Viacheslav Dmitriev
Victor Nikolaevich Paslyon
Alexander Olegovich Lobanov
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shapovalov Viacheslav Dmitriev, Victor Nikolaevich Paslyon, Alexander Olegovich Lobanov filed Critical Shapovalov Viacheslav Dmitriev
Priority to PCT/RU2007/000413 priority Critical patent/WO2009025568A1/fr
Publication of WO2009025568A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009025568A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/105—Combustion in two or more stages with waste supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50001—Combination of two or more furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
    • F23G2900/7003—Incinerating litter from animals, e.g. poultry litter

Definitions

  • the claimed technical solution relates to methods and devices for the combustion of high-ash, including toxic biomass and can be used in industrial heat and power.
  • low-ash and high-ash organic biomass is considered as burning biomass.
  • Low-ash biomass includes wood and waste from its processing, straw, husk, husk, agricultural plant waste, as well as specially grown energy grasses and perennial plants.
  • High-ash organic biomass includes peat, silt, sapropel, chicken excrement, wild, farm and domestic animal excrement, human excrement, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste and other combustible organic fuels.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) substances, as a result of which they and their products of combustion are not subject to open storage and burial.
  • the most convenient way to neutralize the toxicity of this ash is its translation into a liquid glassy state, followed by granulation. Passing under the action of high temperature in a glass-like substance, ash ceases to be water-soluble and can be used as an inert building material.
  • the known method and device for the incineration of waste and biomass including the device, which is represented in the form of a furnace, having a double ash burner and a wet ash collection system.
  • the ash is captured by the liquid, and after cooling it is filtered (see US patent Na 4440098 of April 3, 1984, MPK-F23G 5/12).
  • a method and device for burning farm waste including a device that is represented in the form of a furnace for utilization of organic biomass, which consists of a tube for feeding biomass, a combustion chamber, inside of which is located a screw for processing biomass, chambers for recycled biomass products in the form of semi-coke and synthesis gas and ash collection chamber, as well as hot air or gas supply holes for heating the screw walls in order to maintain the optimum temperature for biomass processing and output to I clean synthesis gas.
  • the method corresponding to this device is that the biomass through the feed tube enters the auger and
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) it is processed with a minimum amount of oxygen into the semi-coke and synthesis gas, then the semi-coke enters the chamber, where sufficient oxygen is supplied for further combustion, and the synthesis gas enters a separate chamber, where it is burned, the ash from the semi-coke is dumped into the chamber for further disposal and the purified synthesis gas is sold (see US Patent JYa6189463 of February 20, 2001, MPK-7 F23G 5/027).
  • the reasons that impede the attainment of lower technical results when using a known method and device include the low temperature of biomass processing, as a result of which biomass cannot acquire a liquid glassy state and be granulated during further processing.
  • the closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of the maximum number of similar features is a cyclical thermal method and waste treatment, including several combustion chambers with a hopper for loading raw materials, and openings for supplying fuel and oxidizer tangentially located, a cooling bunker, a bunker for cleaning and heat exchanger gases.
  • the biomass, entering the first combustion chamber is burned with gas and oxygen, which is supplied from special holes, where the organic part of biomass is converted to semi-coke, and the inorganic part of the biomass is melted and flows into the second chamber, where it is burned through oxygen and gas, coming from holes 2- Oh camera and, getting into the cooling bunker, it is utilized.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) A furnace that uses low-ash biomass, thus allowing to maintain a high melting point near the entrance to the liquid slag removal system, also lacks a system for granulating the combustion products of high-ash biomass.
  • the high temperature in the prototype method is created by the use of oxygen, which is not economically feasible due to the high cost of its production.
  • the task of the inventors was to create (develop) a method for burning high-ash, including toxic biomass and devices for its implementation, which are devoid of the above disadvantages.
  • the device consists of a gas generator with a layer of firebox, equipped with a screw for feeding low-ash fuel, during combustion of which it is possible to keep the high temperature at the outlet of the vortex gas generator operating on high-ash fuel, which will allow the industrial heat production to switch from fossil organic fuel to high-ash fuel without replacing the boiler unit. At the same time high efficiency will be maintained.
  • existing boilers which will not reduce their thermal performance and optimize the consumption of solid organic fuel (biomass).
  • the technical task is to develop a device for burning high-ash biomass, in which a high-temperature stream of burning gas is obtained, which is not inferior in its characteristics to the flue gases of burners on liquid petroleum fuel.
  • the essence of the claimed invention is that for the implementation of this goal a method of burning high-ash including toxic biomass and a device for its implementation is proposed, consisting of a vortex gas generator with a liquid slag removal system, as well as a gas generator with a layer furnace, in which low-ash fuel is burned, providing the required temperature for liquid slag removal of products of combustion of high-ash fuels.
  • High-ash fuel is introduced into the vortex generator by a special screw. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the screw outlet expands along a hyperbola in three directions and along a parabola in the fourth. This exit allows to provide the maximum area of contact.
  • FIG. 1 shows a gas generator with a vortex furnace and a gas generator with a layer furnace, where:
  • Figure 2 shows a gas generator with a vortex furnace in the section, where:
  • Figure 4 shows a gas generator with a layer of fire, where:
  • a device for burning high-ash, including toxic biomass consists of a gas generator with a vortex furnace 4 (FIG. 1) with a viewing window 15, apertures for blowing air into the gas generator by a vortex furnace 12, a burner for primary heating of the gas generator 16, a screw for feeding low-ash fuel in the gas generator with a layered furnace 6, a dresser for collecting slagging combustion products (liquid ash removal system) 7, with a letnik (entrance to the liquid ash removal system), as well as from the mixing chamber 1 and the gas generator with a layer 2, air holes in the gas generator with a layered firebox 3 and air holes in the mixing chamber 5, the viewing window of the gas generator 13, and the auger for removal of slagging combustion products 8 (figure 4), a dry ash removal system screw 14 (FIG. .2) and ash grate (10).
  • a device for burning high-ash, including toxic biomass works as follows:
  • High-ash fuel is introduced by a special screw (FIG. 1, pos. 6) and is fed into the gas generator with a vortex furnace, where simultaneously less than 60% of the volume required for full combustion is supplied through the air inlet (FIG. 1, pos.12). fuel.
  • the peculiarity of the screw is that the outlet hole expands along a hyperbola in three directions and along a parabola in the fourth,
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) that allows to provide the maximum area of contact of the fuel with the thermal front with the minimum resistance of the moving fuel.
  • the gas generator with a vortex furnace has a viewing window (fig.l, pos.15), a burner for primary heating of the gas generators (fig.l, pos.16).
  • slagged combustion products fall into the letnik (entrance to the liquid ash removal system) (FIG. 1, pos. 17) and through the auger for removal of slagged combustion products (FIG . slagging products of the liquid ash removal system (fig.l, pos.7), where the necessary water level is maintained (fig.4, pos.9).
  • the required high temperature for the liquid ash removal system is achieved by installing a vortex gas generator at the outlet, a gas generator with a layer furnace (FIG. 1, pos. 2), into which a low-ash fuel supply (figure 2, pos.11) is fed low-ash biomass, the burning of which provides in the pilot's zone a sufficient temperature for melting the waste of high-ash biomass and the further operation of the liquid ash removal system.
  • the products of combustion of low-ash biomass enter through the ash grate of the dry ash removal system (FIG. 2, pos. 10) and are outputted by the screw of the dry ash removal system (FIG. 2, pos. 14).
  • the air in the gas generator with a layer of fire is fed through the holes for blowing air (FIG. 1, pos. 3).
  • the combustible gas from the gas generator enters the mixing chamber (fig.l, pos.l), and the air enters the mixing chamber through inflatable holes (fig.l, pos.5), where it is mixed with combustible gases coming from the gas generator, in a ratio necessary for complete combustion of fuel, and through the outlet enters the combustion chamber of the boiler unit.
  • the claimed technical device is joined to the boiler unit or heat utilizer instead of a liquid fuel burner and provides the boiler heat exchangers with high-temperature flue gases. At the same time, the thermal performance of the boiler and efficiency is almost not reduced. fuel use.
  • the claimed technical solution allows to form a gas mixture of air and gaseous fuel obtained in the inventive device from the burned high-ash biomass, and finally doge this gas mixture directly to
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) combustion chamber of the boiler device. And the supply of low-ash biomass (grass, straw, sawdust) allows you to maintain a sufficient temperature at the outlet of the vortex gas generator, providing melting and granulation of toxic ash, high efficiency boiler operation and economical use of combusted high-ash biomass.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil permettant de mettre en oeuvre un processus de combustion de biomasse à haute teneur en cendres et destiné à être utilisé dans les usines thermiques. L'invention concerne également la mise en oeuvre d'un processus visant à brûler la biomasse, et incluant la fusion, la vitrification et la granulation de la biomasse à haute teneur en cendres dans la zone chaude de décendrage par voie humide. Cette zone de décendrage par voie humide est chauffée par la combustion de la biomasse à haute teneur en cendres. Un autre objet de l'invention est de produire un appareil permettant de brûler la biomasse toxique à haute teneur en cendres (limons, sapropels, excréments de volaille, etc.), cet appareil étant constitué d'un générateur de gaz à four à cyclone pour brûler la biomasse à haute teneur en cendres et d'un générateur de gaz à four à grille pour brûler la biomasse à faible teneur en cendres (herbe, sciure, etc.), ce qui permet d'obtenir et de maintenir une température désirée au niveau de l'orifice d'admission du système de décendrage par voie humide de la biomasse à haute teneur en cendres.
PCT/RU2007/000413 2007-07-31 2007-07-31 Dispositif et procédé pour brûler une biomasse à haute teneur en cendres, toxique WO2009025568A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2007/000413 WO2009025568A1 (fr) 2007-07-31 2007-07-31 Dispositif et procédé pour brûler une biomasse à haute teneur en cendres, toxique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2007/000413 WO2009025568A1 (fr) 2007-07-31 2007-07-31 Dispositif et procédé pour brûler une biomasse à haute teneur en cendres, toxique

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WO2009025568A1 true WO2009025568A1 (fr) 2009-02-26

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Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2713853A (en) * 1949-12-30 1955-07-26 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for burning fuel
CH440525A (de) * 1966-07-18 1967-07-31 Von Roll Ag Ofen zur Verbrennung von Abfällen, mit einer Rost- und einer Drehtrommelfeuerung
CA1015220A (en) * 1973-11-30 1977-08-09 Josef Martin Feuerungsbau G.M.B.H. Refuse incinerator
JPS5463564A (en) * 1977-10-31 1979-05-22 Babcock Hitachi Kk Refuse and sludge incinerator
GB2059031A (en) * 1979-09-14 1981-04-15 Univ Malaya Improvements relating to cyclone- type furnaces
US5052312A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-10-01 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Cyclone furnace for hazardous waste incineration and ash vitrification
WO1997014516A1 (fr) * 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Advanced Envirotech Systems, Inc. Incineration des dechets solides dans un environnement riche en oxygene
DE19617749C1 (de) * 1996-05-03 1997-05-22 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verbrennungsanlage zur Erzeugung von Energie und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Verbrennungsanlage
DE29707893U1 (de) * 1997-05-05 1997-06-26 Christian, Paul, 74177 Bad Friedrichshall Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Bio- und Feststoffmassen
CA2421462A1 (fr) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-08 Malcolm D. Lefcort Gazeifieur et bruleur de dechets humides a deux etages
US20040028590A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2004-02-12 Takeshi Tsuji Method and device for combustion type exhaust gas treatment

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2713853A (en) * 1949-12-30 1955-07-26 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for burning fuel
CH440525A (de) * 1966-07-18 1967-07-31 Von Roll Ag Ofen zur Verbrennung von Abfällen, mit einer Rost- und einer Drehtrommelfeuerung
CA1015220A (en) * 1973-11-30 1977-08-09 Josef Martin Feuerungsbau G.M.B.H. Refuse incinerator
JPS5463564A (en) * 1977-10-31 1979-05-22 Babcock Hitachi Kk Refuse and sludge incinerator
GB2059031A (en) * 1979-09-14 1981-04-15 Univ Malaya Improvements relating to cyclone- type furnaces
US5052312A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-10-01 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Cyclone furnace for hazardous waste incineration and ash vitrification
WO1997014516A1 (fr) * 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Advanced Envirotech Systems, Inc. Incineration des dechets solides dans un environnement riche en oxygene
DE19617749C1 (de) * 1996-05-03 1997-05-22 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verbrennungsanlage zur Erzeugung von Energie und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Verbrennungsanlage
DE29707893U1 (de) * 1997-05-05 1997-06-26 Christian, Paul, 74177 Bad Friedrichshall Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Bio- und Feststoffmassen
US20040028590A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2004-02-12 Takeshi Tsuji Method and device for combustion type exhaust gas treatment
CA2421462A1 (fr) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-08 Malcolm D. Lefcort Gazeifieur et bruleur de dechets humides a deux etages

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