WO2009025568A1

WO2009025568A1 - Method for burning high-ash, including toxic biomass and a device for carrying out said method

Info

Publication number: WO2009025568A1
Application number: PCT/RU2007/000413
Authority: WO
Inventors: Viacheslav Dmitrievich Shapovalov; Victor Nikolaevich Paslyon; Alexander Olegovich Lobanov
Original assignee: Shapovalov Viacheslav Dmitriev; Victor Nikolaevich Paslyon; Alexander Olegovich Lobanov
Priority date: 2007-07-31
Filing date: 2007-07-31
Publication date: 2009-02-26

Abstract

This invention pending relates to the method and apparatus providing for high-ash biomass recycling process, for use in the heat power industry. An object of the invention is to provide the technology for biomass burning, in which high-ash biomass wastes are melted, glazed and granulated in an hot ash-tapping zone. The ash-tapping zone is being heated with high-ash biomass burning. An additional object of the invention pending is to provide an apparatus for recycling the high-ash biomass including toxic (silts, sapropels, poultry droppings, etc.) that consists of gas-generator with swirling-type furnace for high-ash biomass burning and gas- generator with grate-fired furnace for low-ash biomass (grass, sawdust and so on) burning, which maintains the desired heat at the said system' s inlet to manage high-ash biomass ash- tapping.

Description

The method of burning high-ash, including toxic biomass and device for its implementation

The claimed technical solution relates to methods and devices for the combustion of high-ash, including toxic biomass and can be used in industrial heat and power.

A significant increase in market prices for fuel oil and heating oil makes the transfer of industrial, municipal and individual boiler units from fossil fossil fuels to biomass. In this case, low-ash and high-ash organic biomass is considered as burning biomass. Low-ash biomass includes wood and waste from its processing, straw, husk, husk, agricultural plant waste, as well as specially grown energy grasses and perennial plants. High-ash organic biomass includes peat, silt, sapropel, chicken excrement, wild, farm and domestic animal excrement, human excrement, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste and other combustible organic fuels.

When burning biomass in boilers originally designed for fossil fossil fuels, the main problem is a significant reduction in efficiency. use of heat content of fuel. This effect is due to the different temperatures of the flue gases produced by burning fossil fossil fuels and biomass. Biomass, unlike fossil fuels, is not a high-calorie fuel due to its moisture content, which, when burned, does not allow to obtain flue gas temperatures over 850 degrees Celsius, burning fossil fuels develops temperatures over 1200 degrees Celsius, which provides efficiency boilers at least 90%.

A significant problem when burning individual varieties of organic biomass is the toxicity of the resulting ash products. Sludge, urban sewage, chicken excrement and MSW contain heavy metals, carcinogens and other more toxic

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) substances, as a result of which they and their products of combustion are not subject to open storage and burial. The most convenient way to neutralize the toxicity of this ash is its translation into a liquid glassy state, followed by granulation. Passing under the action of high temperature in a glass-like substance, ash ceases to be water-soluble and can be used as an inert building material.

The problem, when burning biomass, in devices with a liquid slag removal system, is the creation of a sufficiently high temperature in the zone of liquid slag removal (letnik). When analyzing existing patents, no technical solutions were found that are capable of obtaining sufficient temperature when burning high-ash biomass to ensure the melting and vitrification of ash.

The known method and device for the incineration of waste and biomass, including the device, which is represented in the form of a furnace, having a double ash burner and a wet ash collection system. The ash is captured by the liquid, and after cooling it is filtered (see US patent Na 4440098 of April 3, 1984, MPK-F23G 5/12).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the specified below technical result, when using a known method and device, is the toxicity of waste combustion products and biomass, because the temperature of the wet ash removal is insufficient for vitrification and further granulation of toxic waste wastes.

There is a method and device for burning farm waste, including a device that is represented in the form of a furnace for utilization of organic biomass, which consists of a tube for feeding biomass, a combustion chamber, inside of which is located a screw for processing biomass, chambers for recycled biomass products in the form of semi-coke and synthesis gas and ash collection chamber, as well as hot air or gas supply holes for heating the screw walls in order to maintain the optimum temperature for biomass processing and output to I clean synthesis gas. The method corresponding to this device is that the biomass through the feed tube enters the auger and

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) it is processed with a minimum amount of oxygen into the semi-coke and synthesis gas, then the semi-coke enters the chamber, where sufficient oxygen is supplied for further combustion, and the synthesis gas enters a separate chamber, where it is burned, the ash from the semi-coke is dumped into the chamber for further disposal and the purified synthesis gas is sold (see US Patent JYa6189463 of February 20, 2001, MPK-7 F23G 5/027).

The reasons that impede the attainment of lower technical results when using a known method and device include the low temperature of biomass processing, as a result of which biomass cannot acquire a liquid glassy state and be granulated during further processing.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of the maximum number of similar features is a cyclical thermal method and waste treatment, including several combustion chambers with a hopper for loading raw materials, and openings for supplying fuel and oxidizer tangentially located, a cooling bunker, a bunker for cleaning and heat exchanger gases. The biomass, entering the first combustion chamber, is burned with gas and oxygen, which is supplied from special holes, where the organic part of biomass is converted to semi-coke, and the inorganic part of the biomass is melted and flows into the second chamber, where it is burned through oxygen and gas, coming from holes 2- Oh camera and, getting into the cooling bunker, it is utilized. The synthesis gas obtained by processing the biomass enters the heat exchanger where it is cleaned and sold (US Patent Xa 5307748 of May 3, 1994 MPK-7: F23G 5У0O). This patent is a prototype of the proposed method of burning high-ash biomass and devices for its implementation.

Common features of the prototype and the claimed invention is the process of melting the inorganic part of the biomass and the presence of a cooling bunker.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the following technical result when using the prototype, is that in the known method and device there is no gas generator with a layer

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) A furnace that uses low-ash biomass, thus allowing to maintain a high melting point near the entrance to the liquid slag removal system, also lacks a system for granulating the combustion products of high-ash biomass. The high temperature in the prototype method is created by the use of oxygen, which is not economically feasible due to the high cost of its production.

The task of the inventors was to create (develop) a method for burning high-ash, including toxic biomass and devices for its implementation, which are devoid of the above disadvantages. The device consists of a gas generator with a layer of firebox, equipped with a screw for feeding low-ash fuel, during combustion of which it is possible to keep the high temperature at the outlet of the vortex gas generator operating on high-ash fuel, which will allow the industrial heat production to switch from fossil organic fuel to high-ash fuel without replacing the boiler unit. At the same time high efficiency will be maintained. existing boilers, which will not reduce their thermal performance and optimize the consumption of solid organic fuel (biomass).

The technical task is to develop a device for burning high-ash biomass, in which a high-temperature stream of burning gas is obtained, which is not inferior in its characteristics to the flue gases of burners on liquid petroleum fuel.

The essence of the claimed invention is that for the implementation of this goal a method of burning high-ash including toxic biomass and a device for its implementation is proposed, consisting of a vortex gas generator with a liquid slag removal system, as well as a gas generator with a layer furnace, in which low-ash fuel is burned, providing the required temperature for liquid slag removal of products of combustion of high-ash fuels. High-ash fuel is introduced into the vortex generator by a special screw. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the screw outlet expands along a hyperbola in three directions and along a parabola in the fourth. This exit allows to provide the maximum area of contact.

4 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) fuel with a thermal front with minimal resistance to moving fuel. At the exit of the vortex gas generator, a gas generator with a layered firebox is installed, having a dry slag removal system. Low-ash biomass (grass, straw, sawdust, etc.) is fed to the inlet of this gas generator. Thus, due to the combustion of low-ash fuel in the immediate vicinity of the pilot, sufficient temperature is maintained, which ensures the operation of the liquid slag removal system. The angle of inclination of the vortex gas generator to the horizon is not less than 4 °, which ensures the runoff of the liquid products of combustion of high-ash biomass to the letnik.

When this dust-like ash, which does not melt, falling into the zone of the layered gas generator, dramatically loses its speed, falls on the floor of the layered gas generator and is involved in the flow of gases in the dry ash removal system. The output of the mixing chamber is docked to the boiler or heat recovery unit, like any burner device. For stable operation of the installation, the thermal power of the layer gas generator should be 150% of the thermal power of the vortex gas generator.

The invention is illustrated by drawings of figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.

FIG. 1 shows a gas generator with a vortex furnace and a gas generator with a layer furnace, where:

1 - mixing chamber;

2 - gas generator with a layer of firebox;

3 - inflating the air in the gas generator with a layer of firebox;

4 - gas generator with a vortex furnace;

5 - inflating air into the mixing chamber;

6 - high-ash fuel feed screw;

7 - a chest of drawers for collecting slag burning products; 12-flow of air into the gas generator with a vortex furnace; 13-window of the gas generator;

15-window gas generator;

16-hot-pot device for the primary heating of gas generators;

17 years (gathering in the system of liquid ash removal)

Figure 2 shows a gas generator with a vortex furnace in the section, where:

5 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 6 - auger for supplying high-ash fuel to the gas generator with a vortex furnace;

7 - a chest of drawers for collecting slagging products of combustion (liquid ash removal systems)

On fig.Z depicts a system of liquid ash, where:

8 - auger for the removal of slag burning products;

9 - the water level in the dresser for collecting slag burning products. Figure 4 shows a gas generator with a layer of fire, where:

10 - ash grate of the dry ash removal system;

H - auger supplying low-ash fuel to the gas generator with a layered firebox;

14 - dry ash removal system auger

A device for burning high-ash, including toxic biomass consists of a gas generator with a vortex furnace 4 (FIG. 1) with a viewing window 15, apertures for blowing air into the gas generator by a vortex furnace 12, a burner for primary heating of the gas generator 16, a screw for feeding low-ash fuel in the gas generator with a layered furnace 6, a dresser for collecting slagging combustion products (liquid ash removal system) 7, with a letnik (entrance to the liquid ash removal system), as well as from the mixing chamber 1 and the gas generator with a layer 2, air holes in the gas generator with a layered firebox 3 and air holes in the mixing chamber 5, the viewing window of the gas generator 13, and the auger for removal of slagging combustion products 8 (figure 4), a dry ash removal system screw 14 (FIG. .2) and ash grate (10).

A device for burning high-ash, including toxic biomass works as follows:

High-ash fuel is introduced by a special screw (FIG. 1, pos. 6) and is fed into the gas generator with a vortex furnace, where simultaneously less than 60% of the volume required for full combustion is supplied through the air inlet (FIG. 1, pos.12). fuel. The peculiarity of the screw is that the outlet hole expands along a hyperbola in three directions and along a parabola in the fourth,

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) that allows to provide the maximum area of contact of the fuel with the thermal front with the minimum resistance of the moving fuel. The gas generator with a vortex furnace has a viewing window (fig.l, pos.15), a burner for primary heating of the gas generators (fig.l, pos.16). As fuel progresses and burns, slagged combustion products fall into the letnik (entrance to the liquid ash removal system) (FIG. 1, pos. 17) and through the auger for removal of slagged combustion products (FIG _. slagging products of the liquid ash removal system (fig.l, pos.7), where the necessary water level is maintained (fig.4, pos.9). At the same time, the required high temperature for the liquid ash removal system is achieved by installing a vortex gas generator at the outlet, a gas generator with a layer furnace (FIG. 1, pos. 2), into which a low-ash fuel supply (figure 2, pos.11) is fed low-ash biomass, the burning of which provides in the pilot's zone a sufficient temperature for melting the waste of high-ash biomass and the further operation of the liquid ash removal system. The products of combustion of low-ash biomass enter through the ash grate of the dry ash removal system (FIG. 2, pos. 10) and are outputted by the screw of the dry ash removal system (FIG. 2, pos. 14). The air in the gas generator with a layer of fire is fed through the holes for blowing air (FIG. 1, pos. 3). The combustible gas from the gas generator enters the mixing chamber (fig.l, pos.l), and the air enters the mixing chamber through inflatable holes (fig.l, pos.5), where it is mixed with combustible gases coming from the gas generator, in a ratio necessary for complete combustion of fuel, and through the outlet enters the combustion chamber of the boiler unit.

The claimed technical device is joined to the boiler unit or heat utilizer instead of a liquid fuel burner and provides the boiler heat exchangers with high-temperature flue gases. At the same time, the thermal performance of the boiler and efficiency is almost not reduced. fuel use. The claimed technical solution allows to form a gas mixture of air and gaseous fuel obtained in the inventive device from the burned high-ash biomass, and finally doge this gas mixture directly to

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) combustion chamber of the boiler device. And the supply of low-ash biomass (grass, straw, sawdust) allows you to maintain a sufficient temperature at the outlet of the vortex gas generator, providing melting and granulation of toxic ash, high efficiency boiler operation and economical use of combusted high-ash biomass.

When analyzing the level of technology, no solutions were found with a similar combination of efficiency and technical efficiency, which allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criteria of “novelty”, “inventive level)) and“ industrial applicability)).

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

F O R M U L A I Z O B R E T E N I S A method of burning high-ash, including toxic biomass and a device for its implementation

1. The method of burning high-ash, including toxic biomass, involving the transfer of toxic ash into a water-insoluble state by its melting and cooling in water, characterized in that to create a high temperature in the zone of liquid slag removal (years), sufficient for melting toxic ash, burning high-ash biomass is conducted in a gas generator with a vortex furnace, with air supply less than 60% of the theoretically necessary, and the additional energy needed to melt toxic ash is produced by burning Low-ash biomass in an attached gas generator with a layer of firebox, mainly by radiant (radiation) heat exchange.

2. The method according to L. 1, characterized in that the liquid waste of high-ash toxic biomass, falling into the zone of liquid slag removal, is cooled by water, which is in the receiving bunker and at the same time granulated.

3. A device for the utilization of high-ash, including toxic biomass, characterized in that it consists of a gas generator with a vortex furnace, a gas generator with a layer furnace, a mixing chamber and slag removal systems, is equipped with a special screw for introducing high-ash fuel into the gas generator with a vortex furnace, auger for introducing low-ash fuel into the gas generator with a layer of firebox, dry ash removal system auger and auger for the removal of vitrified combustion products, with openings for supplying air to the gas generator with a vortex Eva furnace, a gas generator with a layer of firebox and a mixing chamber, equipped with observation windows, low-ash biomass is fed to the inlet of the gas generator with a vortex furnace, which allows to keep the high temperature in the zone of liquid slagging

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) (letnika), thereby ensuring the operation of the liquid slag removal system, where the products of combustion of low-ash biomass fall into the auger for unloading low-ash products of combustion.

4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the screw outlet for supplying high-ash fuel to the gas generator with a vortex furnace expands along a hyperbola in three directions and along a parabola in the fourth.

5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the gas generator with a vortex furnace to the horizon is at least 4 °.

6. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that for stable operation of the installation, the thermal power of the layer gas generator should be 150% of the thermal power of the vortex gas generator.

ten

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)