RU2375637C1 - Device for burning mixture of carbon-containing materials and droppings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to droppings utilisation (litter-droppings mass - LDM) and boiler equipment and can be used at the development, production and operation of different devices for burning droppings, furnace and boiler units. The device for burning carbon-containing materials and droppings comprises a casing, a furnace with afterburning chamber in the upper part, an air heater, a channel for gas flow - a gas flue, a heat exchanger. The furnace comprises a holed bottom, a chamber for the mixture of carbon-containing materials and droppings, a fuel chamber for the burning facilitation - coal, turf, firewood; the above chambers are divided by a holed baffle. The device is fitted by an air intake unit, a fan, an air duct for the air supply under the holed bottom, an air duct for the heated air supply to the furnace and the afterburning chamber.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of the droppings and LDM utilisation.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the disposal of litter (litter mass) and boiler equipment and can be used in the development, manufacture and operation of various devices for burning litter, furnace and boiler units.

State of the art

An analogue of the invention can be a boiler unit described in the source: Rabinovich OM Boiler units. M.-L., 1963. The boiler unit contains a tank with fuel, a combustion chamber and flues, in which are placed heating surfaces that receive heat from the products of fuel combustion (superheater, water economizer, air heater).

The disadvantages of the analogue are as follows: the boiler unit is not a utilizer of litter and bedding and litter material (PPM) and has a high cost of energy production.

Another analogue of the invention is a boiler unit containing a container with fuel, pipelines for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, taps, nozzles, and the combustion chamber (Styrikovich M.A., Katkovskaya K.Ya., Serov E.P. Boiler units. M.-L ., 1959).

The disadvantages of the prototype are as follows: the boiler unit is not a litter utilizer and has a high cost of energy production.

Known devices for burning fuel described in the copyright certificates of the USSR No. 1076700, 1252611, 1688045, 1688044, 1688043. These devices are not litter utilizers.

The prototype of the invention is a device for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and droppings, containing a housing, a furnace with an afterburner in the upper part, an air heater, a channel for moving gas (gas duct), a heat exchanger. These features are consistent with those of the invention. The prototype is described in RF patent 2267054, published 2005.12.27.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to burn a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter, in particular, litter and litter mass (PPM). The relatively high cost of thermal energy obtained by burning fuel.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of disposal of litter or PPM.

A device for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter is intended for the fire utilization of litter, PPM, as well as for generating thermal energy.

Technical results are:

disposal of litter;

reduction in the cost of obtaining thermal energy.

All technical results are achieved due to the fact that the device for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter contains a body, a furnace with an afterburner in the upper part, an air heater, a channel for moving gas (gas duct), a heat exchanger; and differs from the prototype in that the furnace contains a perforated bottom, a chamber for a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter, a chamber for fuel that supports combustion (coal, peat, firewood), while the above chambers are separated by a perforated partition; in addition, the device comprises an air intake, a fan, an air duct for supplying air under the perforated bottom, an air duct for supplying heated air to the furnace and the afterburner.

Brief Description of the Drawing

The drawing shows a device for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter.

The implementation of the invention.

In the drawing:

1 indicates the device body;

2 indicates a firebox with an afterburner in the upper part;

3 indicates a perforated bottom;

4 indicates the partitions between the main fuel (PPM) and the fuel that supports combustion;

5 denotes a fuel that supports combustion (coal, peat, firewood, natural gas can be used);

6 indicates the main fuel of the PPM;

7 indicates the air flows from the fan 8 through the perforated bottom 3, fuel 4 and 5 into the combustion zone of the furnace;

8 indicates a fan;

9 denotes a heat exchanger for heating air;

10 is an air intake;

11 is a duct;

12 indicates a duct for heated air;

13 indicates a duct for supplying air under a perforated bottom;

14 indicates an air duct for supplying heated air to the furnace and afterburner;

positions 15, 16 and 17 indicate a heat exchanger for removing useful heat with hot water or steam;

18 indicates a channel for the movement of gases;

19 denotes a gas purifier;

20 denotes an oxygen-free coolant (smoke);

positions 21 and 22 indicate the flame in the furnace;

23 denotes a pan (ash pan) for ash;

Positions 24 and 25 indicate the shutters for blocking the combustion zone of the fuel supporting combustion.

A device for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter (PPM) is part of the installation for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter, PPM, which contains:

- litter hopper;

- a bunker for sawdust, straw, peat or other carbon-containing materials and waste;

- a drying unit, for example, of a drum type with a receiving hopper, mixer and dispenser;

- a device for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter (it is also called a furnace unit), consisting of three loading sections (one section for the main fuel, for example, PPM, and two sections for fuel that supports combustion), furnaces, afterburners, heat exchangers, smoke purification devices;

- ash bin.

A device for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter (PPM) as part of the installation for burning works as follows.

Wet litter from the house is delivered to the litter hopper. From the hopper, the litter is fed with a scraper conveyor to the receiving hopper with a mixer and a batcher. When the humidity of the litter is more than 70%, peat or sawdust is additionally conveyed to the receiving hopper by a conveyor. Everything is mixed up. At the same time, an oxygen-free coolant with a temperature of 800-900 ° C is supplied to the drying unit. In the dryer drum, the wet product (PPM), being blown with the coolant, is dehydrated. Then the PPM enters the firebox of the furnace unit (in the section for the main fuel). Combustion fuel is ignited. Then the PPM ignites and burns. Combustion products pass through the afterburner, heat exchangers, and a purifier. Then part of the combustion products is released into the atmosphere, and part is fed into the drying unit. After igniting the PPM, the shutters 24 and 25 block the air channel for burning fuel 5. The burning speed of fuel 5 in relation to the burning speed of fuel 6 decreases by about 10-15 times.

Ash from the ash pan is fed by a screw into the ash bin for cooling. The generated heat can be used for heating houses or for steam production for own needs. Ash is sold as fertilizer.

Effective combustion of the PPM requires high temperature, sufficient air, time and conditions for complete combustion.

If not enough air enters the firebox, then the combustion will not be complete and the smoke will be black from unburned carbon. If too much air is supplied, the temperature will drop and the gases will fly away unburned, taking away heat. The correct calculation of the air supply guarantees the most efficient combustion of fuel, the absence of smoke and odor. The regulation of the air supply depends on the draft created by the chimney or fans.

The experiments carried out by the inventors showed that the presence of fuel that supports combustion in the furnace significantly increases the efficiency of burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and litter, PPM. Flaps 24 and 25 regulate the combustion of fuel 5 and its effect on the combustion of fuel 6. If it is necessary to increase the burning speed of fuel 6, the shutters 24 and 25 are opened, the burning speed of fuel 5 is increased, the heat input to fuel 6 from burning fuel 5 also increases.

Smoke (hot fluid) 20 is used to dry the litter or a mixture of litter with carbon-containing material.

The authors created a laboratory installation, which is working out a method of burning PPM with various types of fuels that support combustion.

In this way, the disposal of litter and MRP is ensured. The cost of obtaining thermal energy is reduced, since poultry farmers pay for the disposal of litter and PPM for those who dispose of their waste.

New highly cost-effective technologies for burning manure on an industrial scale at the end of the 20th century were tested in England. In 1992, the first power station was built on the basis of the technology of burning large lots of chicken manure mixed with solid organic waste with a capacity of 12.7 MW, serving electricity to 22 thousand homes; in 1993 - the second with a capacity of 13.5 MW; in 1998 - the third with a capacity of 38.5 MW, processing up to 450 thousand tons of waste per year and serving up to 93 thousand houses. To reduce the humidity of the incoming litter to values that allow it to be efficiently burned, the British power engineers add solid municipal waste to the litter, plant residues - straw, stems and sawdust, as well as peat.

In Russia, there is also an example of litter disposal by burning at the Ermakovo poultry farm in the Vologda Oblast. This factory spends 3.6 MW · h / day for its needs (while on average in Russia poultry farms spend up to 18 MW · h / day) and produces 132 million eggs per year. At the poultry farm, 100 tons of waste per day with a moisture content of 75% are evaporated and dried to a moisture content of 10% in a dryer with gas burners. It takes 5900 cubic meters. meters of natural gas (47.0 million kcal / day). Alternatively, 8.15 tons of stone angle or 16.3 tons of wood chips can be used for drying.

The dry mass of the mixture of litter and carbon-containing material is burned in boilers of a 2 MW steam generator with a production of 30 MW · h / day (heating path) or 41 MW · h / day (condensation path).

For the production of 1 MWh of electric energy, 4 t / h of steam or 2.5 million kcal of thermal energy is consumed. The cost of electricity for the needs of the factory itself is 3.6 MW · h / day. The output of commercial electricity can be 26.4-37.4 MV · h per day, and heat energy 40.4-67.5 Gcal. Such an amount of electricity can provide 2640-4100 houses or apartments at the rate of 10 kWh / day per house or 10-16 thousand people. Part of the heat energy of the condensate from the steam generator is spent on the evaporation and drying of new batches of raw materials (40.4 million kcal / day). The yield of mineral fertilizers in the form of ash can be up to 2.5 tons / day. The payback period of the litter incineration plant was approximately 2 years.

Thus, the claimed invention is relevant.

Claims (1)

A device for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and manure containing a body, a furnace with an afterburner in the upper part, an air heater, a channel for moving gas (gas duct), a heat exchanger, characterized in that the furnace contains a perforated bottom, a chamber for a mixture of carbon-containing materials and manure, a chamber for fuel that supports combustion (coal, peat, firewood), while the above chambers are separated by a perforated partition, in addition, the device contains an air intake, a fan, an air duct for supplying zduha a perforated bottom, the duct for supplying hot air into the furnace and the afterburner.