Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
  • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
  • E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
  • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
  • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
  • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
  • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
  • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D2250/00—Production methods
  • E02D2250/003—Injection of material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
  • E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a structure of a retaining wall and a method for construction of the same, and more particularly to a structure of a retaining wall, which may ensure stability in a backfill space, namely a space between a lamination member and a slope surface, by injecting a grouting solution into a filler filled in the rear of the lamination member of the retaining wall, and a method for construction of the same.
• Background Art
• a retaining wall is a structure for supporting soils not to be collapsed against soil pressure.
• lamination members such as blocks are piled up to make a retaining wall.
• Such a retaining wall is widely used since it may minimize cutting of a slope surface in comparison to a ferroconcrete retaining wall, give a wall with a beautiful front face and also allow easy manufacture and easy carriage to a construction spot rather than a ferroconcrete retaining wall.
• the retaining wall made of lamination members uses ground anchors, soil nailing, rock bolts and so on in order to reinforce a cut slope surface.
• a construction method utilizing soil nailing or rock bolts is classified into a method using large panels and a method using small blocks according to a size of lamination members, namely precast concrete products.
• FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a laminated retaining wall constructed according to the above method
• FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a stepped retaining wall constructed according to the above method.
• the method using large panels includes the steps of: cutting a slope surface; forming a perforation hole in the cut slope surface and inserting a soil nailing or rock bolt 11 into the perforation hole; installing a base block 12 and laminating a large panel 13 thereon; connecting the soil nailing or rock bolt 11 to the large panel 13 and filling a filler 14 between the large panel 13 and the slope surface; and introducing prestress to the soil nailing or rock bolt 11 to form a block soil body.
• a grouting solution 1 may be injected into the perforation hole.
• a pile 15 may be installed to the base block 12 to firmly fix the base block 12 to the ground.
• the filler 14 is filled into a backfill space between the large panel 13 and the slope surface for the filling work.
• the backfill space is so narrow not to be sufficiently hardened, the adhesion between the large panel 13 and the filler 14 becomes loose, which may cause displacement of the large panel 13.
• the filler 14 is not sufficiently hardened, if a ground pressure is applied to the soil nailing or rock bolt 11 through the panel, a support force of the filler 14 becomes insufficient, so the large panel 13 may be irregularly moved toward the slope surface. Since the adhesion between the large panel 13 and the filler 14 is imperfect, a stress is focused on the connection between the soil nailing or rock bolt 11 and the large panel 13, thereby weakening the stability. In order to solve this problem, it is possible to increase the number of soil nailing or rock bolts 11 in order to disperse a load applied to the connection. However, it increases time and cost for construction.
• FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a laminated retaining wall made by the above method
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a stepped retaining wall made by the above method.
• the method using small blocks includes the steps of: cutting a slope surface and installing a soil nailing or rock bolt 21 thereto; connecting a reinforcing member 22 to the soil nailing or rock bolt 21 and then connecting the reinforcing member 22 to a small block 23 while laminating the small block thereon; and filling a filler 14 between the slope surface and the small block 23.
• the small block 23 is laminated on a base block 12.
• a pile 15 may be installed to the base block 12 such that the base block 12 is firmly fixed to the ground.
• the filler 14 is filled in a backfill space between the small block 23 and the slope surface.
• the backfill space is so narrow not to be sufficiently hardened, the adhesion between the small block 23 and the filler 14 becomes loose, which may cause displacement of the small block 23.
• FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a laminated retaining wall constructed according to the above method
• FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a stepped retaining wall constructed according to the above method.
• the method using ground anchors is realized in a way of fixing a collapse-expected soil to the hard ground using a ground anchor 31 and a precast concrete panel (hereinafter, referred to as a 'PC panel') 32 so as to stabilize a slope surface.
• a 'PC panel' precast concrete panel
• This method includes the steps of: cutting a slope surface and installing a base concrete 33 thereto; installing a PC panel 32 and then placing a backfill concrete 34 thereon; perforating the backfill concrete 34 and the ground and then installing an anchor 31 thereto; and filling a filler 14 on the backfill concrete 34.
• the PC panel 32 before installing the anchor 31, the PC panel 32 should be installed in advance and then the backfill concrete 34 should be placed thereon.
• a fixed anchor length of the anchor 31 should be fixed to the hard ground, so the anchor 31 should have a long length.
• the curing time of the backfill concrete 34 and the long length of the anchor 31 result in much construction time and cost.
• the PC panel 32 should be installed in advance before the anchor 31 is installed.
• the slop surface should be reinforced in a down-up manner, not in a top-down manner, so the cut slope surface should be temporarily left alone for a long time. It may cause any problem in stability of the cut slope surface during construction.
• the perforating work is conducted using a large crane equipment, so there are problems in work space and economy. Disclosure of Invention
• the present invention is designed to solve the problems of the prior art, and therefore it is an object of the present invention to provide a structure of a retaining wall, which may enhance strength of a filler in a way that a grouting solution is injected into a filler filled between a slope surface and a lamination member such that the grouting solution is penetrated into and solidified in the filler; and a method for construction of the same.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a retaining wall in which an injection tube for injecting the grouting solution is integrated with the lamination member; and a method for construction of the same.
• Still another object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a retaining wall, which may solve a problem that a backfill space of the retaining wall is not sufficiently ensured, and thus the retaining wall has bad stability; and a method for construction of the same.
• the present invention provides a structure of a retaining wall, wherein a grouting solution discharged from a grouting solution injection tube is penetrated into a surrounding ground, the injection tube is connected to a lamination member, and a filler filled between the lamination member and the ground is solidified due to the grouting solution discharged from the injection tube.
• grouting solution discharge holes are formed in the injection tube along a length direction thereof such that the grouting solution is injected to the ground and the filler.
• a packing member is installed at an entrance of a perforation hole such that the grouting solution is injected to the ground under a predetermined pressure.
• a water barrier mat is installed to a rear side of the lamination member so as to prevent the grouting solution from being discharged out through a gap of the lamination member.
• the injection tube is inserted into a perforation hole, and, among the discharge holes, a discharge hole in a portion protruded out of the perforation hole is formed downward.
• the present invention also provides a method for construction of a retaining wall, including (a) connecting a lamination member with a grouting solution injection tube installed in a ground; (b) filling a filler in the rear of the lamination member; and (c) injecting a grouting solution into the injection tube such that the filler is solidified.
• any one of the steps (a) and (b) further includes the step of injecting a grouting solution into the injection tube such that the grouting solution is penetrated into the ground.
• a method for construction of a retaining wall including (a 1 ) cutting a ground and laminating a lamination member thereon; (b 1 ) filling a filler in the rear of the lamination member; (c 1 ) perforating the filler and the ground through the lamination member and installing a grouting solution injection tube thereto; and (d 1 ) injecting a grouting solution into the injection tube.
• a method for construction of a retaining wall including (a") cutting a ground and laminating a lamination member thereon; (b") forming a perforation hole in the ground and inserting an injection tube into the perforation hole; (c") connecting the lamination member with the injection tube and filling a filler; and (d") injecting a grouting solution into the injection tube with applying a pressure thereto.
• a method for construction of a retaining wall including (a'") cutting a ground and laminating a lamination member thereon; (b'") forming a perforation hole in the ground and inserting an injection tube into the perforation hole; (c'") injecting a grouting solution into the injection tube with applying pressure in multi stages only to a region where the perforation hole is formed in an original ground; (d'”) filling a filler in a space between the lamination member and a slope surface; and (e'") injecting a grouting solution into the injection tube such that the filler is solidified.
• FIGs. 1 to 6 are sectional views showing conventional retaining walls, respectively.
• FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a process of constructing a laminated retaining wall according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• FIGs. 8 to 12 are sectional views showing how to construct a laminated retaining wall according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• FIGs. 13 to 22 are sectional views showing how to construct a stepped retaining wall according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• the present invention has essential features in that a grouting solution is injected into a filler filled between a lamination member and a slope surface to enhance strength of the filler, the lamination member may be integrated with an injection tube of the grouting solution, and any problem of bad stability of a retaining wall, caused when a backfill space of the retaining wall is not ensured, may be solved.
• a method for construction of such a retaining wall will be explained together with a structure of the retaining wall.
• the term 'lamination member' is defined to include a retaining wall block, a precast concrete panel or the like, which configures a body of the retaining wall.
• FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating that a laminated retaining wall is constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
• FIGs. 8 to 12 are sectional views showing how to construct the laminated retaining wall.
• the method for construction of a retaining wall includes the steps of: cutting a ground and forming a perforation hole 41 therein (SlO); inserting a grouting solution injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41 (S20); injecting a grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 such that the ground is integrated with the grouting solution 1 (S30); repeating the steps SlO to S30 (S40); connecting the injection tube 42 with a lamination member 43 and filling a filler 44 in the rear of the lamination member 43 (S50); and injecting a grouting solution into the injection tube 42 such that the filler 44 is integrated with the grouting solution 1 (S60).
• Grouting solution discharge holes 42a for discharging a grouting solution to outside are formed in the injection tube 42.
• the discharge holes 42a are formed along a length direction of the injection tube 42 such that the grouting solution may be injected to the ground and the filler 44, respectively.
• a discharge hole 42a formed in a portion of the injection tube 42, protruded out of the perforation hole 41, is preferably formed downward. It makes the grouting solution be injected downward through that discharge hole such that plants may grow above the injection tube 42.
• the injection tube 42 may be made of a steel tube with a constant diameter. Spacers
• a grouting solution 1 is injected into the injection tube 42 such that the ground is integrated with the grouting solution 1 (S30).
• a packing member 45 is installed at an entrance of the perforation hole 41 such that the grouting solution 1 may be injected into the perforation hole 41 at a predetermined pressure. The packing member 45 seals a gap between the injection tube 42 and the perforation hole 41, thereby preventing the grouting solution 1 from being discharged out of the perforation hole 41.
• the grouting solution 1 is injected into the perforation hole 41 with no pressure being applied thereto. After the perforation hole 41 is filled with the grouting solution 1, the grouting solution 1 is injected with a pressure being applied thereto. This pressure allows the grouting solution 1 to be effectively penetrated into the ground.
• the grouting solution 1 is injected using a multi-stage pressure grouting device (not shown).
• the multi-stage pressure grouting device allows to partition the injection tube 42 into a certain number of regions using an injecting mechanical rubber packer or a hydraulic packer and then inject a grouting solution 1 with applying pressure to each region.
• the injecting packer system injects the grouting solution 1 such that pressure is applied to the injection tube 42 inserted into the perforation hole 41 on the basis of a portion of the injection tube 42 corresponding to the packing member 45.
• the injected grouting solution 1 is penetrated into and integrated with the ground.
• the steps SlO to S30 are repeated from a top of the slope surface to reinforce the slope surface (S40). That is to say, after the process of cutting the ground, the process of forming the perforation hole 41, the process of inserting the injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41, and the process of injecting the grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 are all completed, the above processes are repeated in lower positions. Meanwhile, differently from the above, the process of cutting the ground, the process of forming the perforation hole 41, and the process of inserting the injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41 may be subsequently progressed after preceding processes are completed.
• the injection tube 42 is connected with a lamination member 43, and a filler 44 is filled in the rear of the lamination member 43 (S50).
• a base block 46 is installed on the ground, and the lamination member 43 is laminated on the base block 46.
• the injection tube 42 may be inserted into an insert hole (not shown) previously formed in the lamination hole 43, and then connected to the injection tube 42 using a common connection member, for example a nut (not shown) having a thread to be engaged with a thread formed in an outer circumference of the injection tube 42.
• the filler 44 may employ common materials such as soil and aggregate, and a load is preferably applied to the filler 44 to harden the filler 44.
• a water barrier mat (not shown) is installed to a rear side of the lamination member 43.
• the water barrier mat prevents the grouting solution 1 injected into the filler 44 from being discharged through a gap of the lamination member 43. If the grouting solution 1 is completely injected into the filler 44, a cutting member is inserted into a gap of the lamination member 43 to cut the water barrier mat. The cutting work helps water in the ground and the filler 44 to be discharged.
• a non-woven fabric (not shown) may be installed between the slope surface and the filler 44.
• a grouting solution 1 is injected into the injection tube 42 such that the filler 44 is integrated with the grouting solution 1.
• the grouting solution 1 is penetrated into a space in the filler 44 to solidify the filler 44, thereby enhancing strength of the filler 44.
• the grouting solution 1 is preferably injected while a pressure is applied thereto.
• the multi-stage pressure grouting device may be used.
• the filler 44 is solidified to enhance strength of the filler 44.
• the injection tube 42 is fixed to the lamination member 43, and it is possible to apply a sufficient ground pressure to the lamination member 43. Thus, a supporting force of the injection tube 42 is increased, thereby ensuring sufficient stability.
• the rigidity of the injection tube 42 itself is added with the rigidity of the grouting solution 1, so a resistance against load is more increased.
• a perforation hole 41 after the lamination member 43 is laminated and also the filler 44 is filled. That is to say, it is possible that, after the processes of cutting a ground, laminating a lamination member 43 and filling a filler 44 are completed, a perforation hole 41 is formed, and then an injection tube 42 is inserted into the perforation hole 41 and a grouting solution 1 is injected into the injection tube 42.
• the perforation hole 41 may be formed through the lamination member 43 or through an insert hole of the lamination member 43.
• this construction method may be realized in the order of: cutting a slope surface and laminating a lamination member 43 thereon; forming a perforation hole 41 therein and inserting an injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41; connecting the lamination member 43 with the injection tube 42 and filling a filler 44; and injecting a grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 while applying a pressure thereto.
• the construction method may be realized in the order of: cutting a ground and laminating a lamination member 43 thereon; forming a perforation hole 41 in the ground and inserting an injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41; injecting a grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 with applying pressure in multi stages only to a region where the perforation hole 41 is formed in an original ground; filling a filler 44 in a space between the lamination member 43 and the slope surface; and injecting a grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 such that filler 44 is solidified.
• FIGs. 13 to 22 are sectional views showing how to construct a stepped retaining wall according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• this construction method constructs an upper retaining wall 200a and then constructs a lower retaining wall 200b, but the present invention is not limited to the order as explained later.
• the same reference numeral as in FIGs. 8 to 12 designates the same component having the same function.
• a method for constructing the upper retaining wall 200a includes the steps of: cutting a ground and forming a perforation hole 41; inserting a grouting solution injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41; injecting a grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 such that the ground is integrated with the grouting solution 1 ; repeating the above steps; connecting the injection tube 42 with a lamination member 43 and then filling a filler 44 in the rear of the lamination member 43; and injecting a grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 such that the filler 44 is integrated with the grouting solution 1.
• Each step is conducted with the same principle as that of the laminated retaining wall 100, so it is not explained in detail here.
• the lower retaining wall 200b is constructed.
• the lower retaining wall 200b may be constructed with the same principle as the upper retaining wall 200a.
• the upper and lower retraining walls 200a, 200b may also be constructed at the same time. That is to say, it is possible to cut the ground into a stepped pattern, form a perforation hole 41 in a slope surface of each step, insert an injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41, and then conduct grouting thereto such that retaining walls of slope surfaces of all steps are completed at the same time.
• the two steps may also be conducted as one process. That is to say, it is possible that, after the step of cutting a ground and forming a perforation hole 41, the step of inserting an injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41, and the step of connecting the injection tube 42 with a lamination member 43 and then filling a filler 44 in the rear of the lamination member 43 are completed, a grouting solution 1 is injected into the injection tube 42 such that the grouting solution 1 is penetrated into the filler 44 and the ground.
• a perforation hole 41 is formed after a lamination member 43 is laminated and then a filler 44 is filled. That is to say, it is possible that, after the steps of cutting a ground, laminating a lamination member 43 and filling a filler 44 are completed, a perforation hole 41 is formed, then an injection tube 42 is inserted into the perforation hole 41, and then a grouting solution 1 is injected.
• the perforation hole 41 may be formed through the lamination member 43 or through an insert hole of the lamination member 43.
• the construction method may be realized in the order of: cutting a slope surface and laminating a lamination member 43 thereon; forming a perforation hole 41 and inserting an injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41; connecting the lamination member 43 with the injection tube 42 and filling a filler 44; and injecting a grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 with applying a pressure thereto.
• the filler 44 is solidified to enhance strength of the filler 44.
• the injection tube 42 is fixed to the lamination member 43, and it is possible to apply a sufficient ground pressure to the lamination member 43.
• a supporting force of the injection tube 42 to support a panel is increased, thereby ensuring sufficient stability.
• the rigidity of the injection tube 42 itself is added with the rigidity of the grouting solution 1, so a resistance against load is more increased.
• the construction method may be realized in the order of: cutting a ground and laminating a lamination member 43 thereon; forming a perforation hole 41 in the ground and inserting an injection tube 42 into the perforation hole 41; injecting a grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 with applying pressure in multi stages only to a region where the perforation hole 41 is formed in an original ground; filling a filler 44 in a space between the lamination member 43 and the slope surface; and injecting a grouting solution 1 into the injection tube 42 such that filler 44 is solidified.
• a grouting solution discharged from an injection tube is penetrated into a filler and the ground around the injection tube to increase strength of the ground and the filler, and the filler is closely adhered to a lamination member to increase stability of the retaining wall.
• the injection tube may be fixed to the lamination member.
• the lamination member may have an increased support force.
• a backfill space of the retaining wall namely a space between the lamination member and the slope surface may have stability.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
• Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
• Retaining Walls (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-08-20 KR KR1020070083417A patent/KR100781492B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2007-08-27 JP JP2009531315A patent/JP4782227B2/ja active Active
  • 2007-08-27 WO PCT/KR2007/004102 patent/WO2009025406A1/en active Application Filing
• 2010
  • 2010-11-17 JP JP2010257233A patent/JP5124007B2/ja active Active

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