WO2009015575A1 - Incinérateur à double boucle et double pyrogénation pour le traitement inoffensif de déchets et son procédé d'utilisation - Google Patents

Incinérateur à double boucle et double pyrogénation pour le traitement inoffensif de déchets et son procédé d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009015575A1
WO2009015575A1 PCT/CN2008/071636 CN2008071636W WO2009015575A1 WO 2009015575 A1 WO2009015575 A1 WO 2009015575A1 CN 2008071636 W CN2008071636 W CN 2008071636W WO 2009015575 A1 WO2009015575 A1 WO 2009015575A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
combustion chamber
rotary kiln
incinerator
furnace
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PCT/CN2008/071636
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zefeng Chen
Ling Zhang
Jianguo Wang
Chuanxin Lu
Guohong Zheng
Original Assignee
Zefeng Chen
Ling Zhang
Jianguo Wang
Chuanxin Lu
Guohong Zheng
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Application filed by Zefeng Chen, Ling Zhang, Jianguo Wang, Chuanxin Lu, Guohong Zheng filed Critical Zefeng Chen
Publication of WO2009015575A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009015575A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46Recuperation of heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/10Drying by heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/206Rotary drum furnace with charging ports in the sidewall
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/208Rotary drum furnace with interior agitating members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/209Rotary drum furnace with variable inclination of rotation axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50204Waste pre-treatment by pyrolysis, gasification or cracking
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/52002Rotary drum furnaces with counter-current flows of waste and gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an environmentally friendly equipment for garbage innocuous treatment, and more particularly to a vertical pyrolysis incinerator for a dual-circuit drying pyrolysis technology for garbage innocuous treatment and a treatment and use method thereof.
  • the centralized treatment methods for urban and rural domestic garbage in China mainly include sanitary landfill method, composting method, direct incineration method and comprehensive incineration treatment method.
  • the shortcomings of the sanitary landfill method are: difficult site selection, large investment, inability to reduce waste, and difficult disposal of landfill.
  • the composting method has played a certain role in dealing with a large amount of domestic garbage and old garbage.
  • China's composting technology and equipment and developed countries especially due to the mixed collection of domestic garbage, large water content and complex composition. Therefore, composting is difficult and secondary pollution is serious.
  • the waste incineration treatment method has outstanding advantages due to its small footprint, thorough treatment, obvious reduction, easy utilization of waste heat and comprehensive utilization, and no pollution.
  • CN00258660.6 discloses a "vertical converter type domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator, which comprises a cylindrical vertical (rotary) furnace body, a rotary grate, a rotary platform, a blower air supply system, The slag discharge mechanism and the secondary combustion chamber have the advantages of reliable operation, good effect of incinerating garbage, and the like, which is an ideal equipment for treating domestic garbage that is basically up to standard in environmental protection; another Chinese special grass ljCN99228773.1 discloses a double-tube rolling garbage heat The furnace is unheated, and the pyrolysis furnace itself is equipped with a rotary drum body and has a double cylinder casing structure of the inner cylinder body, and can also be used as an incineration device for urban domestic garbage.
  • the pyrolysis furnaces of the above two technologies are in the working process.
  • the raw garbage with high water content is directly passed into the pyrolysis furnace through the feeding mechanism from the inlet above the pyrolysis furnace at normal temperature, and then the drying and pyrolysis process of the material is completed directly in the pyrolysis furnace, because the general garbage is especially Domestic garbage is stored in the open air, and its high water content, continuous pyrolysis and incineration are not greatly affected and restricted, leading to pyrolysis effect and elimination of smoke and dust in the latter stage. Still not ideal but there is a disadvantage can not be achieved widespread promotion and use.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a dual-circuit dual-pyrolysis incinerator for the harmless treatment of garbage or other wastes and a method for using the same, which has a rational design, a practical and feasible structure layout, and low investment, land occupation.
  • the utility model has the advantages of small area, low running cost, good resource utilization effect and high pyrolysis gasification efficiency.
  • the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: It mainly comprises a feeding mechanism, a drying mechanism, a vertical furnace body (of a pyrolysis incinerator), and a feed located above the pyrolysis incinerator (secondary combustion chamber)
  • the device is located in the grate and slag discharge mechanism under the pyrolysis incinerator (primary combustion chamber), and the corresponding matching flue gas pipeline (or passage) and dust removal and purification device, wherein the vertical furnace body of the pyrolysis incinerator is a primary combustion chamber (a combustion chamber) located below the pyrolysis furnace and a secondary combustion chamber (two combustion chambers) as an incinerator located above it, at the bottom of the primary combustion chamber (ie, at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace)
  • a primary fan with a controllable air volume is disposed on one side, and an secondary fan is disposed on a bottom side of the secondary combustion chamber (ie, the incinerator), wherein: the drying mechanism is mainly
  • the gas-removing pipe enters the steam-water separator and is dehydrated by the steam-water separator. After being dehydrated by the steam-water separator, it is introduced into the air inlet below the second combustion chamber and enters the second combustion chamber under the action of the secondary fan.
  • the processing method of the present invention is as follows: that is, a double loop circuit composed of a prior art external circulation loop (or main circulation loop) and an internal circulation loop as a characteristic technique is used to dry and preheat A method for treating waste by heat and pyrolysis, wherein the outer circulation (main) circuit refers to a flue gas generated from the upper part of the second combustion chamber after the external atmosphere is incinerated by a pyrolysis incinerator which is sent to the main furnace body by a fan.
  • the inner circulation loop as the characteristic technical part means: the high-temperature flue gas for drying is above the second combustion chamber of the main furnace body
  • the feed inlet enters the rotary kiln, and after the waste is preheated and partially pyrolyzed, it becomes a low-temperature flue gas and then enters the steam separator. After dehydration treatment, it enters the second combustion chamber of the main furnace body under the air blow of the secondary fan. Continue to burn fully.
  • the above design is not only scientific and reasonable, but also the structural layout is practical and feasible.
  • the vertical furnace body constituting the pyrolysis incinerator including the primary combustion chamber portion and the secondary combustion chamber portion, may be made into a rotary vertical furnace body (slightly omitted) or fixed Vertical furnace body.
  • the rotary kiln body is made into a horizontal cylindrical structure and is installed at a small angle.
  • the outer casing of the rotary kiln body is installed with a steel plate cylinder structure frame, and the outer surface of the cylinder is arranged.
  • the working ⁇ , the driving gear can drive the driven gear and the rotary kiln body to rotate, and the cylindrical rotary kiln body is lined with a refractory thermal insulation material layer. (such as refractory bricks, etc.), can effectively prevent the external heat consumption, and play the role of heat insulation.
  • the working principle and treatment process of the double-cycle dual circuit of the present invention are as follows: In order to improve the efficiency of waste incineration, a preheating drying process is carried out outside the furnace before the raw garbage enters the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the drying furnace is designed as a cylindrical rotary kiln structure.
  • the heat source required for drying comes from some high-temperature flue gas in the second combustion chamber of the pyrolysis incinerator, and the working sputum, on the one hand, the domestic garbage is sorted and screened first. It is sent to the rotary kiln via the feeding mechanism (pushing mechanism), and is slowly pushed forward to the front discharge port.
  • part of the high-temperature flue gas provided by the second combustion chamber reversely warms up the damp garbage that is slowly advancing. Drying, because the high-temperature flue gas from the second combustion chamber enters the rotary kiln, the temperature is at least 800 °C, and the garbage is preheated and dried. ⁇ , the waste in the rotary kiln is also partially pyrolyzed (cracked), and the cooled high moisture content flue gas (including pyrolysis gas) is treated by the steam separator and then passed through the return pipe into the secondary combustion chamber. The air inlet re-enters the second combustion chamber.
  • the pre-baked higher temperature waste (which has been partially pyrolyzed in the rotary kiln) enters the pyrolysis furnace through the feed mechanism from the feed port above the second combustion chamber.
  • the main furnace body of the pyrolysis incinerator is a vertical cylindrical structure, the outer part is a steel shell, which is lined with a refractory layer and a heat insulating layer, the bottom can be provided with a rotating grate and a slag discharging device, and the primary fan has a limited blast. Controlling the wind, the garbage entering the furnace moves from top to bottom under its own gravity, and comes into contact with the rising high temperature gas, and continues to undergo three successive processes of reheating, pyrolysis, carbonization and burning.
  • the pyrolysis mechanism is as follows: Due to the anoxic pyrolysis state of the domestic waste in the pyrolysis furnace at the lower part of the furnace, some of the long-chain organic matter in the waste is cracked into H 2 , CO and short-chain CH 4 and C 2 H 2 at a certain temperature. Hydrocarbons. These flammable gases continue to be completely burned in the oxygen-rich state in the secondary combustion chamber above the furnace body (the secondary fan is fully supplied with air to assist combustion).
  • the primary air blower since the primary air blower is properly controlled in the lower part of the furnace body, the amount of air to be blown in the range of a predetermined amount does not cause dusting due to the blasting of a large amount of excess air, so that particulate matter is discharged very little (
  • the burner is designed to be fully enclosed and maintained in a state of micro-negative pressure, which avoids the generation of malodor and various toxic and harmful gases due to poor combustion of organic matter.
  • the incombustible components of the waste and the ash after burning form slag at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the lower rotary grate of the primary combustion chamber has a tapered design, and the middle is a tower-shaped rotary air inlet and slag discharge mechanism.
  • the slag discharge mechanism is started, and the slag can be smoothly dropped into the slag discharge hopper at the lower part of the furnace ( The slag can be sent to the brick making workshop for brick making).
  • the flue gas containing combustible gas generated in one combustion chamber enters the second combustion chamber and continues to burn fully.
  • the secondary combustion chamber is also a steel furnace body lined with a refractory layer and a heat insulating layer.
  • the air introduced by the secondary fan enters the furnace from the side, and the end of the furnace is equipped with a diesel burner (not shown in the drawing).
  • the furnace should be preheated to about 600 °C by using a diesel burner.
  • the pyrolysis gas can spontaneously ignite and maintain a certain temperature, it does not need to be sprayed to assist combustion and automatically shuts down.
  • the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber Generally kept between 850 ° C and 1100 ° C, high temperature flue gas stays for more than 2 seconds, so that harmful gases (including dioxins) in the flue gas are fully decomposed.
  • the refractory layer of the secondary combustion chamber is designed with a concave-convex structure to make the flue gas turbulent in the second combustion chamber to improve the combustion efficiency and the smoke staying in the middle, so that it conforms to the burning "three T" (Time stays, Temperature temperature, Torrent turbulence) principle.
  • the high-temperature flue gas from the incinerator contains more soot, including spin
  • the multi-stage dust removal and purification device including the wind precipitator and the waste heat boiler are used for cooling, and the flue gas can reach the standard discharge after being purified by the acid removal device.
  • the invention combines the vertical and horizontal furnace kiln scientific configuration, has the advantages of continuous heat transfer and gasification rate, high cracking efficiency, more complete combustion, high residual carbon burning rate and more sufficient waste heat utilization ( It can be converted into steam and hot water by waste heat boilers, which can be used by customers' residents according to actual needs. It can reduce domestic waste, harmless and resource disposal without auxiliary fuel. Pyrolysis incinerators occupy a small area, which not only saves the corresponding investment, but also avoids a large amount of land occupation. It can also greatly reduce the amount of smoke generated, which is beneficial to effectively reduce the emission of dioxin.
  • the slag thermal decay rate formed by high-temperature incineration of waste incinerator is ⁇ 5%, and it has a certain strength (equivalent to cement label). About 110#), can be used as raw materials for the production of building materials.
  • This set of technology changes the view that the incineration plant usually needs to be equipped with a small landfill for the construction of supporting facilities for landfill ash, thus saving a lot of land.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a two-circuit dual pyrolysis incinerator according to the present invention (schematic diagram).
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a cylindrical horizontal rotary kiln.
  • the specific components of the present invention include: 1 to a feeding mechanism for a rotary kiln (select material pushing mechanism), 2 to a horizontal rotation as a main drying mechanism.
  • Kiln or rotary kiln drying oven
  • 3 ⁇ rotary kiln feed port 4 ⁇ rotary kiln discharge port (also high temperature flue gas inlet)
  • 5 ⁇ pyrolysis furnace feed mechanism also known as cutting material
  • cloth mechanism also known as cutting material
  • 7 ⁇ secondary combustion chamber (secondary combustion chamber) as part of incinerator, 8 ⁇ two combustion chamber feed inlet, 81 ⁇ 2 burner outlet, 9 ⁇ primary combustion chamber (one combustion chamber) as part of pyrolysis furnace, 10 ⁇ emergency discharge chimney, 11 ⁇ cyclone, 12 ⁇ waste heat boiler, 13 ⁇ slag discharge mechanism, 14 ⁇ Rotary grate, 15 ⁇ can use the frequency conversion speed control technology to control the air supply volume (
  • the double-circuit dual-pyrolysis incinerator for garbage innocuous treatment of the present invention mainly comprises a feeding mechanism 1 for a rotary kiln, a drying mechanism,
  • the vertical furnace body of the pyrolysis incinerator is located in the feeding mechanism 5 above the second combustion chamber of the pyrolysis incinerator, and is located in the pyrolysis furnace, that is, the rotary grate 14 and the slag discharging mechanism 13 under the primary combustion chamber, and the inlet of the cyclone 11 It is connected with the flue of the incinerator, and its outlet is connected to the waste heat boiler 12, and is also equipped with a corresponding flue gas duct 19, etc.
  • the vertical furnace body 6 of the pyrolysis incinerator is made up of a primary combustion chamber 9 as a pyrolysis furnace and as The secondary combustion chamber 7 of the incinerator is configured to have a primary blower 15 with a controllable air volume at the bottom of the primary combustion chamber 9 (ie, the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace), wherein the primary drying mechanism is lying
  • the rotary kiln drying system is a horizontal rotary kiln 2, a steam-water separator 17 and a secondary air supply secondary fan 16 which are independently arranged outside the main furnace body of the pyrolysis incinerator and correspondingly equipped with the corresponding auxiliary smoke.
  • the material port 3 is connected with the discharge port of the feeding mechanism 1 (the feeding mechanism is composed of a screening machine and a pusher, the drawing is omitted), and the discharge port 4 of the rotary kiln passes through the feeding mechanism 5 and the pyrolysis incinerator.
  • the feed port above the second combustion chamber 7 is connected, working ⁇ , part of the high-temperature flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber enters the rotary kiln through the passage of the upper feed port to reverse the drying of the garbage sent to the rotary kiln.
  • the dried garbage enters the pyrolysis furnace, and the cooled aqueous flue gas enters the steam separator 17 through the flue gas return pipe 18, is dehydrated by the steam separator, and is in the secondary fan 16 Under the action of the bow I wind, the bow I enters the air inlet below the second combustion chamber and enters the second combustion chamber.
  • the prior art external circulation loop also referred to as "main loop loop"
  • the "internal loop loop" of the characteristic technology part wherein the outer loop main loop as the prior art means: the outside atmosphere is sent to the main through a primary fan
  • the generated flue gas is discharged from the outlet of the second combustion chamber, and after multi-stage dust removal and purification treatment, it enters the smoke and enters the atmosphere under the action of the induced draft fan;
  • the circulation loop means The high-temperature flue gas for drying enters the rotary kiln from the feed port above the second combustion chamber of the main furnace body, and the waste is preheated and partially pyrolyzed to become a low-temperature flue gas and then enters the steam separator. After dehydration treatment, it enters

Description

说明书 用于垃圾无害化处理的双回路双热解焚烧炉及其使用方法 技术领域
[1] 本发明涉及一种垃圾无害化处理的环保设备, 特别是一种用于垃圾无害化处理 的双回路烘干热解技术的立式热解焚烧炉及其处理使用方法。
背景技术
[2] 目前国内城乡生活垃圾的集中处理方法主要有卫生填埋法、 堆肥法、 直接焚烧 法和综合焚烧处理法等。 卫生填埋法的缺点是: 选址难, 投资大, 垃圾无法减 量化, 且垃圾渗液处理困难。 堆肥法在处理大量生活垃圾和陈腐垃圾方面发挥 了一定作用, 但是, 目前我国堆肥技术和装备与国外发达国家相比还有一定差 距, 特别是由于生活垃圾混合收集, 含水量大, 成份十分复杂, 因此, 堆肥处 理难度大, 二次污染严重。 垃圾焚烧处理方法因其占地面积小、 处理较彻底、 减量化明显、 易于废热综合利用、 无污染等特点, 其优点十分突出。 但是, 生 活垃圾由于成份复杂, 受含水率高 (一般在 30%~60%甚至更高), 热值低等局限因 素, 一般的小型焚烧炉很难直接焚烧, 或者燃烧效果很差, 焚烧烟气量大, 粉 尘及有害成分多, 后段烟气净化治理难度大。 目前只有大型机械炉排炉 (单台处 理能力在 200吨 /日 ~500吨 /日 )配余热发电机组在技术性和经济性上比较可行。 而 大型生活垃圾焚烧发电系统投资巨大, 建设周期长, 关健的技术和部件 (如炉排) 还需要进口, 我国兴建的大型垃圾焚烧厂如深圳和上海等垃圾焚烧厂主要引进 国外设备, 造价较高, 运行技术要求高, 投资及运行费用大, 故大型垃圾焚烧 系统目前仅限在大中城市才可行。 而占全国 80%的县级以下城镇乡村的生活垃圾 , 由于没有合适的中、 小型垃圾焚烧设备或运行成本过高, 还无法使用直接焚 烧方法进行处理。
[3] 但目前已有某些城镇单位釆用热解炉来处理生活垃圾, 这是一种实现城乡垃圾 减量化和无害化处理的好方法, 热解炉的工作机理是: 釆用不足量空气 (缺氧式) 将垃圾中的有机物在热解炉中烘干并热解 (裂解)成可燃气体, 热解气再进入二燃 室 (二次燃烧室)与充足的二次助燃空气完全燃烧, 这是一种将不完全焚烧过程转 变为气体完全燃烧过程的炉型, 可用于各种工业垃圾, 医疗垃圾和城乡生活垃 圾的焚烧处理。 例如中国专利申请号 CN00258660.6公开了一种"立转炉式生活垃 圾热解气化焚烧炉, 它包括筒形的立式 (旋转)炉体, 旋转炉排, 回转平台, 鼓风 机送风系统, 出渣机构和二次燃烧室等, 具有运行可靠, 焚烧垃圾效果好等优 点, 是环保基本达标的处理生活垃圾的理想设备; 另中国专禾 ljCN99228773.1公 开了一种双筒滚转垃圾热解炉, 其热解炉本身釆用回转炉体并具有内筒体的双 筒套合的结构, 也可作城市生活垃圾的焚烧设备。 但上述两种技术的热解炉在 工作过程中都是让含水率高的原生垃圾在常温状态下通过进料机构从热解炉上 方入口直接进入热解炉后又直接在热解炉体内完成物料的烘干和热解过程, 由 于一般垃圾特别是生活垃圾都是露天存放, 本身又高含水率, 连续热解和焚烧 的效果不吋受到极大影响和制约, 导致热解效果和后段消烟除尘净化效果仍不 尽理想而存在无法实现普遍推广和使用的缺点。
发明内容
[4] 本发明的目的是提供一种用于垃圾或其他废物无害化处理的双回路双热解焚烧 炉及其使用方法, 它具有设计合理科学, 结构布局实用可行, 投资少, 占地面 积小, 运行成本低及资源化效果好, 热解气化效率高的特点。
[5] 本发明是以如下技术方案实现的: 它主要包括送料机构, 烘干机构, (热解焚 烧炉的)立式炉体, 位于热解焚烧炉 (二次燃烧室)上方的进料装置, 位于热解焚 烧炉 (一次燃烧室)下方的炉排和出渣机构, 及相应配套的烟气管道 (或通道)和除 尘净化装置等, 其中热解焚烧炉的立式炉体是由位于其下方的作为热解炉的一 次燃烧室 (一燃室)和位于其上方的作为焚烧炉的二次燃烧室 (二燃室)构成, 在一 次燃烧室底部 (即热解炉的底部)一侧配设有可控鼓风量的一次风机, 在二次燃烧 室 (即焚烧炉)的底部一侧配设有二次风机, 其特征是: 所述的烘干机构主要是由 独立 (或单独分立)设置于热解焚烧炉主炉体外部的并按顺序布设安装的卧式回转 窑烘干装置 (或称卧式回转烘干窑炉)、 汽水分离器和相应配套的烟气回流管道所 组成, 其中烘干用的卧式回转窑的进料口与送料机构的 (推料机的)出料口相连接 , 回转窑的出料口通过进料装置与热解焚烧炉二燃室上方的进料口相连接, 工 作吋, 二次燃烧室中的部分高温烟气可通过其上方进料口的通道进入回转窑中 对送入回转窑中的垃圾进行逆向烘干预热并部分热解, 被烘干后的垃圾通过进 料机构送进热解炉中, 而冷却后的含水烟气是通过烟气 (包括热解气体)回流管道 进入汽水分离器, 经汽水分离器脱水处理后, 在二次风机的作用下被引入二燃 室下方的进风口并进入二燃室。
[6] 由上述可知, 本发明的处理使用方法如下: 即使用由现有技术的外循环回路( 或称主循环回路)和作为特征技术的内循环回路组成的双循环回路来烘干、 预热 、 热解焚烧处理垃圾的方法, 其中的外循环 (主)回路是指外界大气经一次风机送 入主炉体的热解焚烧炉焚烧后, 产生的烟气从二燃室上方出烟口排出, 又经多 级除尘净化处理后, 在引风机作用下进入烟 ®再进入大气;作为特征技术部分的 内循环回路是指: 烘干用的高温烟气由主炉体的二燃室上方进料口进入回转窑 , 对垃圾进行烘干预热和部分热解后成为低温烟气再进入汽水分离器, 经脱水 处理后又在二次风机引风下进入主炉体的二燃室中继续充分燃烧。 上述这种设 计, 不仅科学合理, 而且结构布局实用可行。
[7] 本发明的上述技术方案在实施吋还可以进一步具体为
[8] 一、 所述构成热解焚烧炉的立式炉体, 包括一次燃烧室部分和二次燃烧室部分 皆可以是制成回转式的立式炉体 (附图略)或固定式的立式炉体。
[9] 二、 所述回转窑本体是制成卧式圆筒型结构并呈小角度倾斜安装的结构, 该回 转窑本体的外壳筒体釆用钢板筒体结构架安装, 圆筒体外侧面设有从动齿轮, 在机架上有相应配套的主动齿轮与其啮合, 工作吋, 主动齿轮可带动从动齿轮 及回转窑本体旋转, 在圆筒型的回转窑本体上内衬有耐火保温材料层 (如耐火砖 等), 可有效地防止内热的外耗、 起到隔热保温之功效。
[10] 本发明的双循环双回路工作原理及处理过程如下: 为了提高垃圾焚烧的效率, 在原生垃圾进入热解炉前先对垃圾在炉外进行一道预热烘干工序。 烘干炉设计 成圆筒型的回转窑炉式结构, 烘干所需的热源来自热解焚烧炉二燃室中的部分 高温烟气, 工作吋, 一方面生活垃圾先进行分拣、 筛选后经由送料机构 (推料机 构)送入回转窑, 并被缓慢向前方出料口翻动推进, 另一方面, 由二燃室提供的 部分高温烟气逆向对徐徐向前推进的潮湿垃圾进行预热烘干, 由于二燃室出来 的高温烟气进入回转窑吋, 其温度至少在 800°C以上, 对垃圾进行预热烘干的同 吋, 还使回转窑中的垃圾也得到部分热解 (裂解), 冷却后的这些高含水率的烟气 (包括热解气体)经过汽水分离器处理后通过回流管道进入二次燃烧室下方的进风 口重新进入二燃室。 而经过预烘干后的较高温垃圾 (在回转窑内已部分得到热解) 通过进料机构从二燃室上方的进料口进入热解炉中。 本热解焚烧炉主炉体为立 式圆筒型结构, 外部为钢壳体, 内衬耐火层和绝热层, 底部可设有旋转炉排和 出渣装置, 还有一次风机进行有限鼓风控风, 进入炉中的垃圾在其自身重力作 用下由上向下移动, 与逆向上升的高温气体接触, 继续经过再次干燥升温、 热 解碳化和燃烬三个连续过程, 其热解机理如下: 由于生活垃圾在炉体下部的热 解炉中呈缺氧热解状态, 垃圾中的部分长链有机物在一定的温度状态下裂解成 H 2、 CO和短链的 CH4、 C2H2等碳氢化合物。 这些可燃的气体在炉体上部的二燃室 内继续在富氧状态下得到完全燃烧 (有二次风机充分供风助燃)。 另, 本发明由于 在炉体下部对一次风机进行适当控气, 鼓进的空气量在规定量的范围内, 不致 因大量过剩空气的鼓入而引起扰流发生扬尘, 因此颗粒物排放极少 (燃烧炉设计 成全封闭而且保持微负压状态, 可避免因有机物的不良燃烧而产生恶臭及各种 有毒有害气体外泄)。
[11] 垃圾的不可燃成份和燃烬后的灰份在热解炉的底部形成炉渣。 一次燃烧室的下 部的旋转炉排为锥形设计, 中间为塔形旋转式的进风和出渣机构, 定吋启动出 渣机构, 即可使炉渣顺利掉入炉子下部的出渣斗内 (炉渣可送到制砖车间供作制 砖材料用)。
[12] 一次燃烧室产生的含有可燃气体的烟气进入二燃室继续充分燃烧。 二次燃烧室 同样为内衬耐火层和绝热层的钢构炉体, 由二次风机引入的空气从侧面进入炉 内, 炉的一端装有柴油燃烧机 (附图略)。 在开始起炉点火需利用柴油燃烧机将炉 体预热升温至 600°C左右, 当热解气体能够自燃并保持一定温度吋, 则不需要再 喷油助燃而自动关闭, 二次燃烧室内温度一般保持在 850°C至 1100°C之间, 高温 烟气停留吋间 2秒以上, 使烟气中有害气体 (包括二恶英)得到充分分解。 二次燃 烧室耐火层在设计上釆用凹凸结构, 使烟气在二燃室内激烈湍流, 以提高燃烧 效率和烟气停留吋间, 使之符合燃烧的"三 T"(Time停留吋间、 Temperature温度 、 Torrent湍流度)原则。 焚烧炉出来的高温烟气中含有较多的烟尘, 利用包括旋 风除尘器在内的多级除尘净化装置和利用余热锅炉降温, 并经除酸装置净化处 理后烟气可达标排放。
[13] 与已有技术比较, 本发明将立、 卧炉窑科学组合配置, 连续传热及气化速率快 , 裂解效率高, 燃烧更充分, 残碳燃烬率高, 余热利用更充分 (可通过余热锅炉 转换成蒸汽和热水, 供客户居民根据实际需要加以利用), 不需辅助燃料即可将 生活垃圾减量化、 无害化、 资源化处置。 热解焚烧炉占场地面积小, 因此不但 节约了相应的投资, 也避免了大量的占地。 还能大大减少烟气产生量, 有利于 有效减少二恶英的排放, 同吋, 垃圾经焚烧炉高温焚烧后形成的炉渣热灼减率 < 5% , 且自身具有一定强度 (相当于水泥标号约 110#), 可全部用作生产建材产品 的原料。 本套技术改变以往通常认为焚烧厂需配建一小型填埋场用于填埋灰渣 的配套设施的观点, 因而还可节省大量用地。
附图说明
[14] 图 1是本发明的双回路双热解焚烧炉的整体结构示意图 (结构简图)。
[15] 图 2是圆筒型卧式回转窑炉体的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[16] 参照附图 1、 2的实施例可知, 本发明的具体零部件包括: 1〜用于回转窑的送料 机构 (选料推料机构), 2~作为主烘干机构的卧式回转窑 (或称旋转窑式烘干炉), 3 〜回转窑进料口, 4~回转窑出料口 (亦是高温烟气进口), 5〜热解炉的进料机构 (亦 称下料或布料机构), 6~ (为固定式结构的)热解焚烧炉的立式炉体, 7~作为焚烧 炉部分的二次燃烧室 (二燃室), 8〜二燃室进料口, 81〜二燃室出烟口, 9〜作为热 解炉部分的一次燃烧室 (一燃室), 10〜紧急排放烟囱, 11~旋风除尘器, 12〜余热 锅炉, 13~出渣机构, 14~旋转炉排, 15~可釆用变频调速技术控制送风量的一次 ( 鼓)风机, 16~二次风机 (亦可釆用风机变频自动调速), 17~汽水分离器, 18〜烟气 回流管道, 19〜烟气管道, 20〜回转窑的烟气出口 (经预热烘干后烟气已冷却至 300 ~400°C) , 21〜卧式回转窑的圆形滚筒主体, 22〜回转窑圆形滚筒主体外壳上的大 齿轮 (即从动齿轮), 23〜回转窑内衬轻质耐火保温材料层, 24〜用于提供旋转动力 用的电机, 25~电机输出轴上的主动齿轮 (与大齿轮啮合), 26~机架 (支承回转窑 的圆形滚筒用), 27~回转窑滚筒体的支承滚轮。 [17] 上述主要零部件的具体连接关系如下: 本发明这种用于垃圾无害化处理用的双 回路双热解焚烧炉, 它主要包括用于回转窑的送料机构 1, 烘干机构, 热解焚烧 炉的立式炉体, 位于热解焚烧炉二燃室上方的进料机构 5, 位于热解炉即一次燃 烧室下方的旋转炉排 14和出渣机构 13, 旋风除尘器 11进口与焚烧炉出烟口相接 , 其出口接余热锅炉 12, 还配有相应的烟气管道 19等, 热解焚烧炉的立式炉体 6 是由作为热解炉的一次燃烧室 9和作为焚烧炉的二次燃烧室 7构成, 在一次燃烧 室 9的底部 (即热解炉的底部)一侧配设有可控鼓风量的一次风机 15, 其中所述的 作为主烘干机构的卧式回转窑烘干系统是由独立设置于热解焚烧炉主炉体外部 的并按顺序布设的卧式回转窑 2、 汽水分离器 17和二次供风的二次风机 16及相应 配套的烟气回流管道 18等组成, 其中卧式回转窑 2的进料口 3与送料机构 1的出料 口相连接 (送料机构又是由筛选机和推料机组成, 附图略), 回转窑的出料口 4通 过进料机构 5与热解焚烧炉的二燃室 7上方的进料口相连接, 工作吋, 二次燃烧 室中的部分高温烟气通过其上方进料口的通道进入回转窑中对送入回转窑中的 垃圾进行逆向烘干预热并部分热解, 烘干后的垃圾进入热解炉中, 而冷却后的 含水烟气经烟气回流管道 18进入汽水分离器 17, 经汽水分离器脱水处理后, 在 二次风机 16的弓 I风作用下弓 I入二燃室下方的进风口并进入二燃室。
[18] 由以上所述可知, 本发明釆用双回路技术方案对垃圾废物, 特别是含水量极大 的生活垃圾进行充分热解和焚烧的原理是: 其所述的双循环双回路是由现有技 术的外循环回路 (亦称 "主循环回路")和特征技术部分的"内循环回路"所组成, 其 中作为已有技术的外循环主回路是指: 外界大气经一次风机送入主炉体的热解 焚烧炉焚烧后, 产生的烟气从二燃室上方出烟口排出, 又经多级除尘净化处理 后, 在引风机作用下进入烟函再进入大气;作为特征部分的内循环回路是指: 烘 干用的高温烟气由主炉体的二燃室上方进料口进入回转窑, 对垃圾进行烘干预 热和部分热解后成为低温烟气再进入汽水分离器, 经脱水处理后又在二次风机 引风下进入主炉体的二燃室中继续充分燃烧。 上述这种设计, 不仅科学合理, 而且结构布局实用可行。

Claims

权利要求书
[1] 一种用于垃圾无害化处理的双回路双热解焚烧炉, 它主要包括送料机构 (1)
, 烘干机构, 立式炉体 (6), 位于热解焚烧炉上方的进料装置, 位于热解焚 烧炉下方的炉排和出渣机构 (13), 及配套的烟气管道和除尘净化装置, 其 中热解焚烧炉的立式炉体是由位于其下方的作为热解炉的一次燃烧室 (9)和 位于其上方的作为焚烧炉的二次燃烧室 (7)构成, 在一次燃烧室即热解炉的 底部一侧配设有可控鼓风量的一次风机 (15), 在二次燃烧室即焚烧炉的底 部一侧配设有二次风机 (16), 其特征在于: 所述的烘干机构是由独立设置 于热解焚烧炉主炉体外部并按顺序布设安装的卧式回转窑烘干装置、 汽水 分离器 (17)和相应配套的烟气回流管道 (18)所组成, 其中烘干用的卧式回转 窑 (2)的进料口 (3)与送料机构 (1)的出料口相连接, 回转窑 (2)的出料口 (4)通 过进料装置 (5)与热解焚烧炉二燃室上方的进料口 (8)相连接, 工作吋, 二次 燃烧室 (7)中的部分高温烟气可通过其上方进料口 (8)的通道进入回转窑中对 送入回转窑中的垃圾进行逆向烘干预热并部分热解, 被烘干后的垃圾由进 料机构送进热解炉中, 冷却后的含水烟气通过烟气回流管道进入汽水分离 器, 经脱水处理后, 在二次风机的作用下被引入二燃室下方的进风口并进 入二燃室。
[2] 根据权利要求 1所述的双回路立式热解焚烧炉, 其特征在于所述构成热解焚 烧炉的立式炉体, 包括一次燃烧室 (9)部分和二次燃烧室 (7)部分皆可以是制 成回转式的立式炉体或固定的立式炉体 (6)。
[3] 根据权利要求 1所述的双回路立式热解焚烧炉, 其特征在于所述回转窑 (2) 本体是制成卧式圆筒型结构并呈小角度倾斜安装的结构, 该回转窑本体的 圆筒体外侧面设有从动齿轮 (22), 在机架 (26)上有相应配套的主动齿轮 (25) 与其啮合, 在圆筒型的回转窑 (2)本体上内衬有耐火保温材料层 (23)。
[4] 一种用于垃圾无害化处理的双回路双热解焚烧炉的使用方法, 其特征在于 该方法是指使用由现有技术的外循环回路和作为特征技术的内循环回路组 成的双循环回路来烘干、 预热、 热解焚烧处理垃圾的方法, 其中的外循环 回路是指外界大气经一次风机送入主炉体的热解焚烧炉焚烧后, 产生的烟 气从二燃室上方出烟口排出, 又经多级除尘净化处理后, 在引风机作用下 进入烟 ®再进入大气, 所述的内循环回路是指: 烘干用的高温烟气由主炉 体的二燃室上方进料口进入回转窑, 对垃圾进行烘干预热和部分热解后成 为低温烟气再进入汽水分离器, 经脱水处理后又在二次风机弓 I风下进入主 炉体的二燃室中继续充分燃烧。
PCT/CN2008/071636 2007-07-27 2008-07-14 Incinérateur à double boucle et double pyrogénation pour le traitement inoffensif de déchets et son procédé d'utilisation WO2009015575A1 (fr)

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CN111828982A (zh) * 2020-07-30 2020-10-27 云南天斧环保科技有限公司 基于低温磁化热解的生活垃圾处理方法及系统
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CN112254142A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-01-22 北京一亚高科能源科技有限公司 带自烘干的垃圾气化焚烧炉及其运行方法
CN112178648A (zh) * 2020-11-06 2021-01-05 高铭泽 一种环保型垃圾焚烧装置
CN113606592A (zh) * 2021-09-06 2021-11-05 神彩科技股份有限公司 一种危废炉渣在线烘干装置及烘干方法
CN114292657A (zh) * 2022-01-26 2022-04-08 宁夏亘瑞宏建筑安装有限公司 一种干馏热解法节能环保型炭化装置、工艺
CN114806614A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-29 浙江工业大学 一种基于烟气引射循环回用的回转窑热解炭化装置及工艺
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