WO2009013190A1 - Dispositif et procédé de détermination de la teneur en humidité d'une matière d'emballage - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de détermination de la teneur en humidité d'une matière d'emballage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009013190A1
WO2009013190A1 PCT/EP2008/059266 EP2008059266W WO2009013190A1 WO 2009013190 A1 WO2009013190 A1 WO 2009013190A1 EP 2008059266 W EP2008059266 W EP 2008059266W WO 2009013190 A1 WO2009013190 A1 WO 2009013190A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
packaging material
amino
electrodes
current
measuring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/059266
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eduard Balthes
Johannes Geser
Original Assignee
Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE200710034156 external-priority patent/DE102007034156A1/de
Priority claimed from DE200710036413 external-priority patent/DE102007036413A1/de
Application filed by Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh filed Critical Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh
Publication of WO2009013190A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009013190A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/048—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance for determining moisture content of the material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for determining the moisture content of a packaging material for pharmaceutical packaging, in particular blisters and a method thereof.
  • the film containers or cavities of a blister packaging produced from the packaging material serve, among other things, as pharmaceutical packaging to protect pharmaceutical active ingredient formulations from environmental influences which may under certain circumstances influence the pharmaceutical quality of the active ingredient formulation.
  • One of the factors determining the quality is the moisture acting on the active substance, which on the one hand can penetrate from the outside by permeation or originate from the packaging material itself and enters from the inner wall into the cavity. Since the blister packaging is well protected against permeation from the outside, moisture present in the cavity can not escape and lead to damage of the active ingredient.
  • the moisture content of foils for the production of blister packaging must therefore be controlled and, if necessary, reduced by drying.
  • the blister pack consists of a cover foil and a bottom foil, wherein the cavities are formed in the bottom foil.
  • the cover film and the bottom film may be composed of one or more layers of different or the same materials.
  • the cover sheet is z with the bottom sheet. B. sealed by gluing, welding or sealing sealed.
  • the cover sheet and / or the carrier film is usually as
  • Metal and / or plastic and / or paper foil formed can be present in multiple layers.
  • Typical metal foils include, for example, aluminum foils and aluminum composite foils made of aluminum and, for example, a plastic.
  • plastic films polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cycloolefin copolymer (COC), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCFE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyester (UP), polyacrylate , Polyamide (PA) or other plastics.
  • a blister consists of a cover foil made of aluminum, which covers the bottom foil for receiving the pharmaceutical see product or drug closes.
  • This deep-drawn bottom sheet may also comprise an aluminum foil to prevent the entry of water into the cavity for receiving the pharmaceutical product.
  • an aluminum foil of the bottom foil can be covered on one or both sides with further plastic and / or paper foils.
  • the cover sheet is made of aluminum and has a thickness of 10 to 80 o microns, preferably from 20 to 50 microns, in particular from 30 to 40 microns.
  • the cover sheet is sealed by means of a heat sealing lacquer to the bottom foil containing the cavities.
  • the bottom film consists on the product-contacting side of a PVC, PP, PE layer o. ⁇ . with a thickness between 10 and 200 micrometers, preferably between 15 and 50 micrometers, in particular between 20 and 40 micrometers.
  • This film is bonded to an aluminum foil whose thickness is preferably 30 to 60 micrometers, advantageously 35 to 50 micrometers.
  • the aluminum foil is followed by a polyamide film having a thickness between 10 and 40 micrometers, preferably 15 to 30 micrometers.
  • the PCV film on the side facing the product is replaced by a polypropylene film or the like.
  • the cover sheet consists of a 38 micron thick aluminum foil and the heat sealing lacquer.
  • the bottom film is made on the side facing the pharmaceutical product from a 30 micron thick PVC Fo lie, an adjoining 45 micron thick aluminum foil and an outside 20 micron thick polyamide film. 5
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a device for determining the moisture content of a packaging material for pharmaceutical packaging, in particular blisters, by means of the electrical conductivity of the packaging material, which line of an electrical current in the packaging material comprises at least two current electrodes and for tapping an electrical voltage from the packaging material at least two measuring electrodes.
  • the influence of the contact resistance between the current electrodes and the measuring electrodes and the packaging material can be switched off.
  • a current of typically a few ⁇ A is introduced via the current electrodes, whereby the voltage can assume an order of magnitude of 100 V. Since this is above safety extra-low voltage, a contact protection must be provided. Contact resistances on the current electrodes reduce the current introduced at a given voltage. Since the injected current in the device is measured, contact resistance can not affect the measured value.
  • the electrode assembly can be chosen so compact that except flat packaging materials and packages curved shape, such as bottle necks, can be tested.
  • the conductivity or the sheet resistance of the packaging material and thus its moisture content can be calculated according to simple formulas known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a particularly simple case of determining the surface resistance is when the measuring electrodes are spaced apart to the same extent as to the nearest current electrode.
  • the measuring electrodes are arranged between the current electrodes.
  • both the current electrodes and the measuring electrodes are designed in the form of concentric rings. Due to these measures, anisotropy in the properties of the packaging material, eg. As in oriented polymers, not on the determination of sheet resistance.
  • both current electrodes and measuring electrodes are arranged on both sides of the flat packaging material, then, in addition to the moisture content of the later side of the packaging material facing the product to be packaged, it is also possible to determine the moisture content of the later outer side of the packaging material. In this way, an expected moisture entry into an outer packaging, for example a so-called pouch bag, can be determined or at least estimated. Moisture determination on both sides of the packaging material is furthermore advantageous, since the two values should be the same in the equilibrium state and thus the measurement can be checked.
  • a substantial protection of the packaging material is achieved by the current electrodes and the measuring electrodes are pressed in a measuring phase to the packaging material and otherwise arranged spaced from the packaging material. Accordingly, a random measurement is possible and the surface touched by the electrodes during the moisture determination can be discharged, for example, from the further processing process.
  • the current electrodes and the measuring electrodes are designed as rollers.
  • an insulating housing of a moisture sensor supports an insulation element for insulating the current electrodes and the measuring electrodes.
  • the insulation element is adapted to the shape of the electrodes and absorbs them with play.
  • the design of the humidity measuring head which can be moved, for example, on a test station, provides safety against a short shot as well as inadvertent contact with the sensor. given electrodes.
  • the insulation element is loaded with spring elements in the direction of the packaging material.
  • the packaging material in the measuring phase contacting ends of the electrodes are outside the measuring phase behind the packaging material facing surface of the insulating member, which is displaced when moving the moisture sensor in the direction of the packaging material against the action of the spring elements in the insulating until the ends of the electrodes rest on the packaging material.
  • an evaluation unit which determines the electrical conductivity of the packaging material, a display and / or printing device, which represents the determined values, and a memory unit for detecting the values are provided.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for determining the moisture content of a packaging material for a pharmaceutical product, in particular blisters, by means of the electrical conductivity of the packaging material, wherein at least two current electrodes, an electric current passed through the packaging material and by means of at least two measuring electrodes Tension is tapped on the packaging material.
  • This method eliminates the influence of contact resistance and improves the accuracy of the measurement.
  • DC voltage and / or an AC voltage applied and / or the DC voltage and the AC voltage are applied in succession in succession.
  • a suitable for a reliable and accurate determination of the moisture signal waveform can be used.
  • the use of AC voltage is particularly suitable for preventing electrostatic charging.
  • Protection against contact and an improvement in the safety of operating personnel is achieved by applying the DC voltage and / or the AC voltage when the current electrodes abut the packaging material. Since the voltage used to generate a sufficient current can be above safety low voltage, such a procedure is particularly suitable to improve the safety for the operator.
  • the electrical voltage between the first measuring electrode and the second measuring electrode is determined in a calibration step on packaging material having a known moisture content.
  • the process can be adapted to different materials or their layers.
  • the moisture entering the cavity of the blister pack can be estimated and optionally dried.
  • the moisture content can be effectively limited both in the direction of the cavity and in an outer packaging by targeted removal of residual moisture from the packaging material.
  • Fig.l is a schematic side view of a device according to the invention for
  • a schematic plan view of a device in an alternative embodiment is shown.
  • the device comprises a moisture measuring head 1 for determining the moisture of a packaging material 20, which is used as a bottom film for a blister pack for phar- serves pharmaceutical products and consists of a product facing inner layer 21, for example of PVC or PP, an aluminum layer 22 and an outer layer 23, for example, from oPA exists.
  • the moisture content of the inner layer 21 is determined, which is of primary importance, since the inner layer 21 faces, at least in sections, the pharmaceutical active substance received in cavities of the blister pack.
  • the moisture measuring head 1 comprises an insulating housing 10, at the underside facing the packaging material 20, current electrodes 11, 16 for introducing an electrical current into the packaging material 20 and measuring electrodes 13, 14 for tapping an electrical voltage from the packaging material 20 protrude from a corresponding recess.
  • the current electrodes 11, 16 and the measuring electrodes 13, 14 are held in the top of the insulating housing 10 and connectable to a measuring device, not shown.
  • the current electrodes 11, 16 and the measuring electrodes 13, 14 are arranged in openings of an insulating element 17, which is mounted circumferentially in the insulating housing 10 slidably.
  • the insulation element 17 electrically separates the current electrodes 11, 16 and the measuring electrodes 13, 14 from each other and protects operating personnel from contact with the current electrodes 11, 16, which are at least temporarily under electrical voltage.
  • the insulation element 17 may be embodied in one piece or in several pieces, with the possibility of further spring elements 12, 15 being provided in the case of a multi-piece insulation element 17 in order to achieve the described protective effect.
  • the current electrodes 11, 16 and the measuring electrodes 13, 14 are in the illustrated embodiment leadership example arranged side by side at equal intervals. However, arrangements are also possible in which the current electrodes 11, 16 and the measuring electrodes 13, 14 are not arranged linearly and / or not equidistantly.
  • the free end of the current electrodes 11, 16 and the measuring electrodes 13, 14 facing the packaging material 20 may be configured flat, curved or provided with one or more tips.
  • the current electrodes 11, 16 introduce an electrical current into the packaging material 20.
  • the resulting voltage drop is tapped off with the measuring electrodes 13, 14 and fed to a high-impedance input voltage measuring device, not shown here.
  • a high-impedance input voltage measuring device not shown here.
  • AC or DC the arrangement can be calibrated by a measurement on packaging material 20 having a known moisture content.
  • the moisture measuring head 1 can be part of a portable measuring device that serves to determine the moisture content during a goods receipt inspection. It can be provided that a plurality of moisture measuring heads 1 are arranged for checking the upper and lower sides of packaging material 20 at several points of a production device.
  • the moisture measuring head 1 comprises current electrodes 11, 16 and measuring electrodes 13, 14, which are designed in the form of concentric rings.
  • the outside arranged current electrode 11 and the inside arranged current electrodes 16 are used to introduce the electrical current into the corresponding layer of the packaging material 20.
  • the electrical voltage is tapped.
  • the current electrodes 11, 16 and the measuring electrodes 13, 14 are pressed by recesses of the insulating member 17 to the packaging material 20, not shown here.
  • the concentric alignment and the annular configuration of the current electrodes 11, 16 and the measuring electrodes 13, 14 has the effect that the orientation of an anisotropic packaging material 20 does not influence the measurement result in the moisture determination.
  • the compounds mentioned below can be used alone or in combination for use in the device according to the invention.
  • W is a pharmacologically active agent and (for example) selected from the group consisting of betamimetics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4 inhibitors, LTD4 antagonists, EGFR inhibitors, dopamine agonists, HIV antihistamines, PAF Antagonists and PI3 kinase inhibitors.
  • a pharmacologically active agent selected from the group consisting of betamimetics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4 inhibitors, LTD4 antagonists, EGFR inhibitors, dopamine agonists, HIV antihistamines, PAF Antagonists and PI3 kinase inhibitors.
  • two or three combinations of W can be combined and used for application in the device according to the invention. Exemplary combinations of W would be:
  • W represents a betamimetics combined with an anticholinergic, corticosteroids, PDE4 inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors or LTD4 antagonists,
  • W represents an anticholinergic agent combined with a betamimetics, corticosteroids, PDE4 inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors or LTD4 antagonists
  • W represents a corticosteroid combined with a PDE4 inhibitor
  • W represents a PDE4 Inhibitors combined with an EGFR inhibitor or LTD4 antagonist
  • W represents an EGFR inhibitor combined with a LTD4 antagonist.
  • Preferred betamimetics are compounds which are selected from the group consisting of albuterol, arformoterol, bambuterol, bitoltrol, broxaterol, carbuterol, clenbuterol, fenoterol, formoterol, hexoprenaline, ibuterol,
  • Isoetharines isoprenaline, levosalbutamol, mabuterol, meluadrine, metaproterenol, orciprenaline, pirbuterol, procaterol, reproterol, rimiterol, ritodrine, salmefamol, salmeterol, soterenol, sulphonterol, terbutaline, tiaramide, toluubuterol, zinterol, CHF-1035, HOKU- 81, KUL-1248 and
  • the acid addition salts of the betamimetics are preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulfate, hydrophosphate, hydromethanesulfonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrocitrate,
  • Preferred anticholinergic compounds are compounds which are selected from the group consisting of tiotropium salts, preferably the bromide salt, oxitropium salts, preferably the bromide salt, flutropium salts, preferably the bromide salt, ipratropium salts, preferably the bromide salt, glycopyrronium salts, preferably the bromide salt Trospium salts, preferably the chloride salt, tolterodine.
  • the cations are the pharmacologically active ingredients.
  • the abovementioned salts may preferably contain chloride, bromide, iodine, sulfate, phosphate, methanesulfonate, nitrate, maleate, acetate, citrate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate , Succinate, benzoate or p-toluenesulfonate, with chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, methanesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate being preferred as counterions.
  • the chlorides, bromides, iodides and methanesulfonates are particularly preferred.
  • anticholinergics are selected from the salts of the formula AC-I
  • X ⁇ is a single negatively charged anion, preferably an anion selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, phosphate, methanesulfonate, nitrate, maleate, acetate, citrate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate, succinate, benzoate and p-Toluenesulfonate, preferably a singly negatively charged anion, more preferably an anion selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate, most preferably bromide, optionally in the form of their racemates, enantiomers or hydrates.
  • anion selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, phosphate, methanesulfonate, nitrate, maleate, acetate,
  • the compound of the formula AC-2 may also be present in the form of the free base AC-2-base.
  • corticosteroids here preferably compounds are used, the are selected from the group consisting of beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, butixocort, ciclesonide, deflazacort, dexamethasone, etiprednol, flunisolide, fluticasone, loteprednol, mometasone, prednisolone, prednisone, rofleponide, triamcinolone, RPR-106541, NS-126, ST -26 and - 6,9-Difluoro-17 - [(2-furanylcarbonyl) oxy] -11-hydroxy-16-methyl-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17-carbothionic acid (S) -fluoromethyl ester
  • Examples of possible salts and derivatives of the steroids may be: alkali metal salts, such as, for example, sodium or potassium salts, sulfobenzoates, phosphates, isonicotinates, acetates, dichloroacetates, propionates, dihydrogen phosphates, palmitates, pivalates or furoates.
  • alkali metal salts such as, for example, sodium or potassium salts, sulfobenzoates, phosphates, isonicotinates, acetates, dichloroacetates, propionates, dihydrogen phosphates, palmitates, pivalates or furoates.
  • Preferred PDE4 inhibitors here are compounds selected from the group consisting of enprofylline, theophylline, roflumilast, A-riflo (cilomilast), tofimilast, pumafentrin, lirimilast, arofylline, atizoram, D-4418, bay 198004, BY343, CP-325,366, D-4396 (Sch-351591), AWD-12-281 (GW-842470), NCS-613, CDP-840, D-4418, PD-168787, T-440, T-2585, V-11294A, Cl-1018, CDC-801, CDC-3052, D-22888, YM-58997, Z-15370 and
  • the acid addition salts of the PDE4 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulfate, hydrophosphate, hydromethanesulfonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrocitrate, hydro fumarate, hydrotartrate, hydrooxalate, hydrosuccinate, hydrobenzoate and Hydro- p-toluenesulfonate.
  • Preferred LTD4 antagonists here are compounds selected from the group consisting of montelukast, pranlukast, zafirlukast, MCC-847 (ZD-3523), MN-001, MEN-91507 (LM-1507), VUF-5078 , VUF-K-8707, L-733321 and
  • these acid addition salts are selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulfate, hydrophosphate, Hydromethanesulfonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrocitrate, hydrofumarate, hydrotartrate, hydroxalate, hydrosuccinate, hydrobenzoate and hydro-p-toluenesulfonate.
  • alkali metal salts such as, for example, sodium or potassium salts, alkaline earth salts, sulfobenzoates, phosphates, isonicotinates, acetates, propionates, dihydrogen phosphates, palmitates, Pivalate or furoate.
  • Preferred EGFR inhibitors are compounds selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, trastuzumab, ABX-EGF, Mab ICR-62 and
  • these acid addition salts are selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulfate, hydrophosphate, hydromethanesulfonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrocitrate, hydrofumarate, hydrotartrate, hydroxalate, hydrosuccinate, hydrobenzoate and hydro-p-toluenesulfonate.
  • Preferred dopamine agonists are compounds selected from the group consisting of bromocriptine, cabergoline, alpha-dihydroergocryptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole, roxindole, ropinirole, talipexole, terguride and viozan, optionally in the form of their racemates , Enantiomers, diastereomers and optionally in the form of their pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts, solvates or hydrates.
  • these acid addition salts are selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulfate, hydrophosphate, hydromethanesulfonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrocitrate, hydrofumarate, hydrotartrate, hydroxalate, hydrosuccinate, hydrobenzoate and hydro-p-toluenesulfonate.
  • Hl -Antihistaminika here are preferably compounds used, which are selected from the group consisting of epinastine, cetirizine, azelastine, fexofenadine, levocabastine, loratadine, mizolastine, ketotifen, emedastine, dimetindene, clemastine, bamipine, Cexchlorpheniramin, pheniramine, doxylamine , Chlorphenoxamine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, promethazine, ebastine, desloratidine and meclocine, optionally in the form of their racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers and optionally in the form of their pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts, solvates or hydrates.
  • these acid addition salts are selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulfate, hydrophosphate, hydromethanesulfonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrocitrate, hydrofumarate, hydrotartrate, hydroxalate, hydrosuccinate, hydrobenzoate and hydro-p-toluenesulfonate.
  • substance formulations or substance mixtures all inhalable compounds are used, such as, for example, inhalable macromolecules, as disclosed in EP 1 003 478.
  • substances, sub- Stamping formulations or substance mixtures used for the treatment of respiratory diseases which are used in the inhalation field.
  • the compound may be derived from the group of derivatives of ergot alkaloids, the triptans, the CGRP inhibitors, the phosphodiesterase V inhibitors, optionally in the form of their racemates, enantiomers or diastereomers, optionally in the form of their pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts, their solvates and / or hydrates.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de détermination de la teneur en humidité d'une matière d'emballage (20) destinée à des emballages pharmaceutiques, en particulier des emballages sous blister, par utilisation de la conductivité électrique de la matière d'emballage (20). Le dispositif comprend au moins deux électrodes de courant (11, 16) destinées à l'introduction d'un courant électrique dans la matière d'emballage (20), et au moins deux électrodes de mesure (13, 14) destinées à la prise d'une tension électrique sur la matière d'emballage (20).
PCT/EP2008/059266 2007-07-21 2008-07-16 Dispositif et procédé de détermination de la teneur en humidité d'une matière d'emballage WO2009013190A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007034156.5 2007-07-21
DE200710034156 DE102007034156A1 (de) 2007-07-21 2007-07-21 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Feuchtegehalts eines Verpackungsmaterials
DE102007036413.1 2007-08-02
DE200710036413 DE102007036413A1 (de) 2007-08-02 2007-08-02 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Feuchtegehalts eines Verpackungsmaterials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009013190A1 true WO2009013190A1 (fr) 2009-01-29

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PCT/EP2008/059266 WO2009013190A1 (fr) 2007-07-21 2008-07-16 Dispositif et procédé de détermination de la teneur en humidité d'une matière d'emballage

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106404843A (zh) * 2016-09-05 2017-02-15 中国民航大学 基于电学测量的四点式自适应调节无损检测探头
WO2021099682A1 (fr) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-27 Turun Yliopisto Capteur d'humidité, dispositif de polissage et procédé de mesure de l'humidité dans un tampon de polissage

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1006927A (en) * 1960-10-25 1965-10-06 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Determination of electrical conductivity
DE4439717A1 (de) * 1994-11-09 1996-05-15 Vdo Schindling Verfahren und Anordnung zum Betrieb eines resistiven Feuchtesensors
WO2000009997A1 (fr) * 1998-08-11 2000-02-24 Unilever N.V. Systeme et procede de caracterisation d'un liquide
EP1736771A2 (fr) * 2000-07-13 2006-12-27 National Research Institute For Earth Science And Disaster Prevention électrode de mesure en forme de tige
WO2007080381A1 (fr) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Anaxsys Technology Limited Capteur de gaz

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1006927A (en) * 1960-10-25 1965-10-06 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Determination of electrical conductivity
DE4439717A1 (de) * 1994-11-09 1996-05-15 Vdo Schindling Verfahren und Anordnung zum Betrieb eines resistiven Feuchtesensors
WO2000009997A1 (fr) * 1998-08-11 2000-02-24 Unilever N.V. Systeme et procede de caracterisation d'un liquide
EP1736771A2 (fr) * 2000-07-13 2006-12-27 National Research Institute For Earth Science And Disaster Prevention électrode de mesure en forme de tige
WO2007080381A1 (fr) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Anaxsys Technology Limited Capteur de gaz

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106404843A (zh) * 2016-09-05 2017-02-15 中国民航大学 基于电学测量的四点式自适应调节无损检测探头
WO2021099682A1 (fr) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-27 Turun Yliopisto Capteur d'humidité, dispositif de polissage et procédé de mesure de l'humidité dans un tampon de polissage

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