WO2009004180A3 - Hydrotraitement en deux etapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable mettant en oeuvre un premier catalyseur metallique et un deuxieme catalyseur sulfure - Google Patents

Hydrotraitement en deux etapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable mettant en oeuvre un premier catalyseur metallique et un deuxieme catalyseur sulfure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009004180A3
WO2009004180A3 PCT/FR2008/000754 FR2008000754W WO2009004180A3 WO 2009004180 A3 WO2009004180 A3 WO 2009004180A3 FR 2008000754 W FR2008000754 W FR 2008000754W WO 2009004180 A3 WO2009004180 A3 WO 2009004180A3
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
catalyst
sulphured
load
renewable source
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2008/000754
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009004180A2 (fr
Inventor
Quentin Debuisschert
Jean Cosyns
Thierry Chapus
Damien Hudebine
Original Assignee
Inst Francais Du Petrole
Quentin Debuisschert
Jean Cosyns
Thierry Chapus
Damien Hudebine
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inst Francais Du Petrole, Quentin Debuisschert, Jean Cosyns, Thierry Chapus, Damien Hudebine filed Critical Inst Francais Du Petrole
Priority to EP08805642A priority Critical patent/EP2167614A2/fr
Priority to CN200880019801A priority patent/CN101679875A/zh
Priority to CA2689990A priority patent/CA2689990A1/fr
Priority to BRPI0813931-8A priority patent/BRPI0813931A2/pt
Priority to KR1020107000608A priority patent/KR101509272B1/ko
Priority to JP2010511676A priority patent/JP5337797B2/ja
Priority to US12/664,136 priority patent/US8674151B2/en
Publication of WO2009004180A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009004180A2/fr
Publication of WO2009004180A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009004180A3/fr

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/20Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
    • C07C1/207Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds
    • C07C1/2078Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds by a transformation in which at least one -C(=O)-O- moiety is eliminated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42Catalytic treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/45Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
    • C10G3/46Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten metals or compounds thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/47Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/48Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/50Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G51/00Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only
    • C10G51/02Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only plural serial stages only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11CFATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/12Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation
    • C11C3/123Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation using catalysts based principally on nickel or derivates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014Biomass of vegetal origin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011Biomass
    • C10G2300/1018Biomass of animal origin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4018Spatial velocity, e.g. LHSV, WHSV
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G45/00Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
    • C10G45/02Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
    • C10G45/04Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G45/06Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
    • C10G45/08Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention décrit un procédé d'hydrotraitement en deux étapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable comprenant : a) une première étape, dite étape de pré hydrogénation douce, opérant en présence d'un premier catalyseur métallique comprenant une phase active hydrodéshydrogénante constituée d'au moins un métal du groupe VIII et/ou au moins un métal du groupe VIB et un support minéral amorphe et b) une deuxième étape, dite deuxième étape de traitement, opérant en présence d'un deuxième catalyseur sulfuré comprenant une phase active hydrodéshydrogénante constituée d'au moins un métal non noble du groupe VIII et/ou au moins un métal du groupe VIB et un support minéral amorphe.
PCT/FR2008/000754 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 Hydrotraitement en deux etapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable mettant en oeuvre un premier catalyseur metallique et un deuxieme catalyseur sulfure WO2009004180A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08805642A EP2167614A2 (fr) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 Hydrotraitement en deux etapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable mettant en oeuvre un premier catalyseur metallique et un deuxieme catalyseur sulfure
CN200880019801A CN101679875A (zh) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 使用第一金属催化剂和第二经硫化的催化剂的来自可再生来源的进料的两步氢化处理
CA2689990A CA2689990A1 (fr) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 Hydrotraitement en deux etapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable mettant en oeuvre un premier catalyseur metallique et un deuxieme catalyseur sulfure
BRPI0813931-8A BRPI0813931A2 (pt) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 Hidrotratamento em duas etapas de uma carga oriunda de uma fonte renovável, utilizando um primeiro catalisador metálico e um segundo catalisador sulfurado
KR1020107000608A KR101509272B1 (ko) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 제1 금속성 촉매 및 제2 황화 촉매를 이용하는, 재생가능한 공급원으로부터 유래된 공급물의 2단계 수소화처리 방법
JP2010511676A JP5337797B2 (ja) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 金属性の第一の触媒および硫化された第二の触媒を用いる再生可能な源に由来する仕込原料の二工程水素化処理
US12/664,136 US8674151B2 (en) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 Two-step hydrotreatment of a feed derived from a renewable source using a first, metallic, catalyst and a second, sulphurized, catalyst

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0704226A FR2917423B1 (fr) 2007-06-12 2007-06-12 Hydrotraitement en deux etapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable mettant en oeuvre un premier catalyseur metallique et un deuxieme catalyseur sulfure
FR0704226 2007-06-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009004180A2 WO2009004180A2 (fr) 2009-01-08
WO2009004180A3 true WO2009004180A3 (fr) 2009-02-26

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/FR2008/000754 WO2009004180A2 (fr) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 Hydrotraitement en deux etapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable mettant en oeuvre un premier catalyseur metallique et un deuxieme catalyseur sulfure

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US8674151B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2167614A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP5337797B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101509272B1 (fr)
CN (2) CN101679875A (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0813931A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2689990A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2917423B1 (fr)
MY (1) MY157822A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009004180A2 (fr)

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FR2917424B1 (fr) 2007-06-12 2012-10-19 Inst Francais Du Petrole Production de charges de vapocraquage a haut rendement en ethylene, propylene et polymeres resultants par hydrotraitement d'huile vegetales
US8231804B2 (en) 2008-12-10 2012-07-31 Syntroleum Corporation Even carbon number paraffin composition and method of manufacturing same
FR2943071B1 (fr) * 2009-03-10 2011-05-13 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'hydrodesoxygenation de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec conversion limitee en decarboxylation mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de nickel et de molybdene
FR2949476B1 (fr) * 2009-09-02 2012-08-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de conversion de charges issues de sources renouvelables en co-traitement avec une charge petroliere mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de nickel et de molybdene
FR2949475B1 (fr) * 2009-09-02 2012-04-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de conversion de charges issues de sources renouvelables en co-traitement avec une charge petroliere mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de molybdene
FR2951733B1 (fr) * 2009-10-27 2012-08-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'hydrotraitement de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec chauffe indirecte mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de molybdene
FR2951732B1 (fr) * 2009-10-27 2012-08-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'hydrotraitement de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec chauffe indirecte mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de nickel et de molybdene presentant un rapport atomique particulier
FR2951734B1 (fr) * 2009-10-27 2012-08-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'hydrotraitement de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec chauffe indirecte
FR2953854B1 (fr) * 2009-12-16 2012-12-28 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de conversion de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec pretraitement des charges par dephosphatation a chaud
JP5864946B2 (ja) * 2010-08-04 2016-02-17 新日鐵住金株式会社 アルミニウム合金板の温間成形用潤滑油、アルミニウム合金板及びその温間成形方法
CO6620012A1 (es) * 2011-08-09 2013-02-15 Ecopetrol Sa Método mejorado para la obtención de diesel a partir de fuentes renovables mediante el control del nivel de insaturación
PL221207B1 (pl) 2012-11-26 2016-03-31 Inst Chemii Przemysłowej Im Prof Ignacego Mościckiego Sposób otrzymywania węglowodorów parafinowych z tłuszczów pochodzenia naturalnego
EP2949654B1 (fr) * 2013-01-24 2017-08-09 Fundación Tecnalia Research & Innovation Procédé amélioré de fabrication de 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitol di(alkyl carbonate)s
US20150005551A1 (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-01 Syntroleum Corporation Method of processing adulterated biomass feedstocks
WO2016064362A1 (fr) 2014-10-20 2016-04-28 Netaş Telekomüni̇kasyon Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Procédé de messagerie chiffrée sur les cartes intelligentes
CN104673352B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2016-09-14 浙江大学 一种以地沟油为原料低氢耗制备长链烷烃的方法
CN104610004B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-24 浙江大学 一种以微藻油为原料低氢耗制备长链烷烃的方法
PL233307B1 (pl) 2015-08-28 2019-09-30 Inst Chemii Przemyslowej Im Prof Ignacego Moscickiego Sposób otrzymywania biowęglowodorów ciekłych z olejów pochodzenia naturalnego
US10876050B2 (en) * 2019-03-01 2020-12-29 Uop Llc Process for producing diesel fuel from a biorenewable feed

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JP2010529981A (ja) 2010-09-02
FR2917423B1 (fr) 2012-11-30
CN104726126A (zh) 2015-06-24
US20100292518A1 (en) 2010-11-18
US8674151B2 (en) 2014-03-18
KR20100040719A (ko) 2010-04-20
EP2167614A2 (fr) 2010-03-31
CA2689990A1 (fr) 2009-01-08
JP5337797B2 (ja) 2013-11-06
MY157822A (en) 2016-07-29
KR101509272B1 (ko) 2015-04-06
WO2009004180A2 (fr) 2009-01-08
FR2917423A1 (fr) 2008-12-19
CN101679875A (zh) 2010-03-24
BRPI0813931A2 (pt) 2015-08-25

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