WO2009003010A2 - Procédés d'évaluation de l'agrégation d'une protéine dans une suspension comprenant un organopolysiloxane, et articles médicaux enrobés d'organopolysiloxane contenant une solution de protéines - Google Patents

Procédés d'évaluation de l'agrégation d'une protéine dans une suspension comprenant un organopolysiloxane, et articles médicaux enrobés d'organopolysiloxane contenant une solution de protéines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009003010A2
WO2009003010A2 PCT/US2008/068136 US2008068136W WO2009003010A2 WO 2009003010 A2 WO2009003010 A2 WO 2009003010A2 US 2008068136 W US2008068136 W US 2008068136W WO 2009003010 A2 WO2009003010 A2 WO 2009003010A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluorescently
labeled
organopolysiloxane
proteinaceous material
aqueous suspension
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PCT/US2008/068136
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English (en)
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WO2009003010A3 (fr
Inventor
John Frank Carpenter
Theodore Randolph
John Paul Gabrielson
Jean-Bernard Hamel
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Becton, Dickinson And Company
University Of Colorado At Denver And Health Sciences Center
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Application filed by Becton, Dickinson And Company, University Of Colorado At Denver And Health Sciences Center filed Critical Becton, Dickinson And Company
Priority to CN201610529593.XA priority Critical patent/CN106443002A/zh
Priority to CN200880119613XA priority patent/CN101889209A/zh
Priority to EP08841038.6A priority patent/EP2201380B1/fr
Priority to EP20100164045 priority patent/EP2237038B1/fr
Priority to US12/739,009 priority patent/US8633034B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2008/080721 priority patent/WO2009055427A2/fr
Priority to JP2010531196A priority patent/JP5081976B2/ja
Priority to ES10164045.6T priority patent/ES2543735T3/es
Publication of WO2009003010A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009003010A2/fr
Publication of WO2009003010A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009003010A3/fr
Priority to JP2012154844A priority patent/JP5978034B2/ja
Priority to US14/139,604 priority patent/US20140110297A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/74—Synthetic polymeric materials
    • A61K31/80—Polymers containing hetero atoms not provided for in groups A61K31/755 - A61K31/795
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
    • A61K39/39558—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against tumor tissues, cells, antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/82—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a precipitate or turbidity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/149—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry specially adapted for sorting particles, e.g. by their size or optical properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0092—Monitoring flocculation or agglomeration

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods for evaluating the aggregation of a proteinaceous material in a suspension comprising an organopolysiloxane and medical components having surfaces coated with organopolysiloxane(s) and containing suspensions of proteinaceous materials.
  • Therapeutic proteins provide numerous unique and critical treatments for diseases and conditions, such as diabetes, cancer, hemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction.
  • diseases and conditions such as diabetes, cancer, hemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction.
  • biotechnology product development due to the tremendous increase in the number of antibody products being investigated for treatments of human disease.
  • new safer and more effective protein therapeutics are being discovered daily.
  • the shelf life required for economic viability of a typical protein pharmaceutical product is 18-24 months.
  • thermodynamic stability of the protein in its native state is particularly difficult because of the relatively low thermodynamic stability of the protein in its native state.
  • the activity of a protein depends on its native, three-dimensional structure.
  • proteins are highly susceptible to the formation of non-native aggregates and precipitates, even under conditions that thermodynamically greatly favor the native state over the unfolded state (e.g., neutral pH at 37 0 C).
  • the biological activity of a protein in an aggregate is usually greatly reduced.
  • non-native protein aggregates can cause adverse reactions in patients, such as immune response or anaphylactic shock.
  • the capacity of aggregates of a given protein to induce adverse responses cannot be predicted; nor can the maximal level of aggregates required for safety be determined without costly and time-consuming clinical trials.
  • a major goal of formulation science is to design a formulation in which aggregation is kept to an extremely low level.
  • the goal is to have no more than 1- 2% of the entire protein population form aggregates over the shelf life of the product.
  • Protein particulates are particularly immunogenic. Although particulates are desirable for vaccine formulations (where protein molecules are bound to aluminum salt particles), in a therapeutic protein product, the immune response to such particles can cause severe adverse responses in patients. Thus, even though the mass of protein that aggregates can be so small as to have essentially no deleterious effect on product potency, safety can be greatly compromised.
  • Particle formation can occur routinely during processing steps such as pumping of protein solution during vial/syringe filling. In other cases, particle formation may appear to be random. For example, particles may be seen in a small fraction of vials or prefilled syringes in a given product lot. Other times, a product filled into a given lot of vials or syringes may form protein particles in a large fraction of the containers. Unfortunately, these particles appear downstream of sterile filtration steps and cannot be removed by filtration during subcutaneous, intradermal, or intramuscular injection.
  • Silicone oils are commonly used as lubricants in medical articles. While silicone oils are not subject to oxidation, migration and stick could occur for pre-filled syringes, and high breakout and/or breakloose forces are a problem. Silicone oil has been shown under certain conditions, even at low concentrations, to induce protein aggregation.
  • erythropoietins e.g., RecormonTM and EprexTM
  • interferons e.g., AvonexTM and RebifTM
  • rheumatoid arthritis therapies e.g., EnbrelTM and HumiraTM
  • Model proteins and appropriate solution conditions can be determined that can be used for testing new syringes or medical articles in development.
  • the present invention provides methods for evaluating the aggregation of a proteinaceous material in a suspension comprising an organopolysiloxane, comprising: (a) providing an aqueous suspension of a fluorescently- labeled organopolysiloxane and a fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material; (b) measuring relative particle fluorescence intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane and the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material using fluorescence-activated particle sorting; and (c) comparing the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane to the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material.
  • the present invention provides methods for inhibiting the aggregation of a proteinaceous material in a suspension comprising an organopolysiloxane, comprising: (a) providing a plurality of aqueous suspensions of a fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane and a fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material, wherein each aqueous suspension further comprises at least one aggregation inhibitor selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants and sugars wherein (i) the at least one aggregation inhibitor is different in each aqueous suspension, or (ii) the amount of aggregation inhibitor is different in each aqueous suspension; (b) measuring relative particle fluorescence intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane and the fluorescently- labeled proteinaceous material in each aqueous suspension using fluorescence-activated particle sorting; (c) comparing the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organ
  • the present invention provides medical articles, comprising; (a) a container comprising a chamber for receiving a solution, wherein the inner surface of the chamber has a coating thereon prepared from a composition comprising an organopolysiloxane; and (b) a solution comprising: (i) at least one proteinaceous material; (ii) at least one non-ionic surfactant; and (iii) at least one sugar.
  • Fig. IA is a plot of adsorption/aggregation of mAb with silicone oil as a function of time for a formulation including sucrose, mAb and silicone oil and a formulation including mAb and silicone oil;
  • Fig. IB is a plot of adsorption/aggregation of mAb with silicone oil as a function of time for a formulation including sucrose, raAb and silicone oil and a formulation including sucrose, non-ionic surfactant, mAb and silicone oil according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2A is a fluorescence intensity scatter plot of FLl intensity and FL2 intensity for a control formulation without sucrose or surfactant;
  • Fig. 2B is a fluorescence intensity scatter plot of FLl intensity and FL2 intensity for a formulation with sucrose
  • Fig. 2C is a fluorescence intensity scatter plot of FLl intensity and FL2 intensity for a formulation with non-ionic surfactant
  • Fig. 2D is a fluorescence intensity scatter plot of FLl intensity and FL2 intensity for a formulation with sucrose and non-ionic surfactant according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3A is a scatter plot of side light scattering (90° light scattering) versus forward light scattering (180° light scattering) of silicone oil droplets for a control formulation without sucrose or surfactant;
  • Fig. 3B is a scatter plot of side light scattering (90° light scattering) versus forward light scattering (180° light scattering) of silicone oil droplets for a formulation with sucrose
  • Fig. 3 C is a scatter plot of side light scattering (90° light scattering) versus forward light scattering (180° light scattering) of silicone oil droplets for a formulation with non-ionic surfactant
  • Fig. 3D is a scatter plot of side light scattering (90° light scattering) versus forward light scattering (180° light scattering) of silicone oil droplets for a formulation with non-ionic surfactant according to the present invention
  • Fig. 4 A is a plot of light obscuration as a function of time for a formulation including sucrose, mAb and silicone oil and a formulation including rnAb and silicone oil;
  • Fig. 4B is a plot of light obscuration as a function of time for a formulation including sucrose, mAb and silicone oil and a formulation including sucrose, non-ionic surfactant, mAb and silicone oil according to the present invention.
  • Fig, 5A is plot of adsorption/aggregation of mAb with silicone oil as a function of time for a formulation including sucrose, mAb and silicone oil and a formulation including mAb and silicone oil;
  • Fig. 5B is plot of adsorption/aggregation of mAb with silicone oil as a function of time for a formulation including sucrose, mAb and silicone oil and a formulation including sucrose, non-ionic surfactant, mAb and silicone oil
  • Fig, 6 is a hypothetical representation of silicone oil droplet and agglomerate distribution based on forward and side light scattering
  • Fig. 7 is a plot of light obscuration as a function of time for silicone oil emulsion formulations for three different silicone oil viscoties;
  • [0028J Fig, 8 is a scatter plot of side light scattering (90° light scattering) versus forward light scattering (180° light scattering) of silicone oil droplets for a formulation prepared from 1000 cSt silicone oil;
  • Fig. 9 is a scatter plot of side light scattering (90° light scattering) versus forward light scattering (180° light scattering) of silicone oil droplets for a formulation prepared from 12,500 cSt silicone oil;
  • Fig. 10 is a flow chart of a method for preparing and analyzing samples of organopolysiloxane solutions according to the present invention.
  • any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein.
  • a range of "1 to 10" is intended to include all sub-ranges between and including the recited minimum value of 1 and the recited maximum value of 10, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10.
  • protein particle formation can arise from heterogeneous nucleation of protein aggregates on the surfaces of nanoparticles and microparticles of foreign materials. These particulate contaminants can include metals or silicone shed from vial filling pumps, tungsten microparticles produced during manufacture of glass syringes, and glass nanoparticles shed as a result of high-temperature depyrogenation procedures.
  • the formation of protein particles in silicone oil-treated prefilled syringes which can be nucleated by microdroplets of silicone oil, also can be of concern. Although such particles - and the protein aggregates that may result from them - are ubiquitous, virtually no systematic characterization of the problem and the mechanisms governing it have been addressed in the literature. Without such insight, industry will continue to be plagued with protein aggregation events and the resulting loss of product, increased costs, and safety risks to patients.
  • Homogeneous protein aggregation can be inhibited by using thermodynamic stabilizers (e.g., sucrose) that shift the native state ensemble away from structurally expanded conformations and toward the structurally most compact species.
  • Stabilizers such as sucrose increase protein thermodynamic stability because they are preferentially excluded from the surface of protein molecules. Concomitant with preferential exclusion is an increase in protein chemical potential. The magnitudes of these two effects is directly proportional to the surface area of the protein exposed to solvent and are independent of the chemical properties of the side chains of exposed residues.
  • solutes increase the free energy barrier between the most compact native state and the fully unfolded state or structurally expanded species within the native state ensemble, because the latter have a greater surface area and, hence, greater increase in chemical potential.
  • sucrose shifts the equilibrium away from structurally expanded, aggregation-competent species.
  • the energetics of protein-protein interactions in solution are important determinants of the kinetics of protein aggregation. Partial unfolding of a protein is not sufficient, by itself, to cause aggregation. They must also follow an assembly reaction, wherein two or more protein molecules aggregate.
  • the kinetics of this process are modulated by protein-protein intermolecular energies, which can in turn be altered by changing solution conditions.
  • Such "colloidal" stability can be related to the second osmotic virial coefficient, B22. This parameter is greatly affected by charge-charge interactions between protein molecules. Hence, changes in solution pH and ionic strength alter protein-protein interactions.
  • the methods of the present invention can be useful in connection with preparation of prefilled syringes in which the surfaces are coated with silicone oil. Silicone oil is desirable to assure smooth, free travel of the stopper through the barrel of the syringe as the product is injected.
  • the present invention provides a method for evaluating the aggregation of a proteinaceous material in a suspension comprising an organopolysiloxane, comprising: (a) providing an aqueous suspension (or emulsion) of a fluorescently- labeled organopolysiloxane and a fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material; (b) measuring relative particle fluorescence intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane and the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material using fluorescence- activated particle sorting; and (c) comparing the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane to the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material.
  • proteinaceous material means a material comprising at least one protein.
  • a “protein” is a large organic compound comprising amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues, for example fibrous proteins, globular proteins, and protein complexes.
  • suitable proteinaceous materials for use in the present invention include monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb), monospecific antibodies that are identical because they are produced by one type of immune cell that are all clones of a single parent cell.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable monoclonal antibodies include infliximab, basiliximab, abciximab, daclizumab, gemtuzumab, alemtuzumab, rituximab, palivizumab, trastuzumab and etanercept.
  • suitable proteinaceous materials include Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (e.g., NeupogenTM), erythropoietins (e.g., RecormonTM and EprexTM), interferons (e.g., AvonexTM and RebifTM) and rheumatoid arthritis therapies (e.g., EnbrelTM and HumiraTM).
  • the proteinaceous material is labeled or has attached thereto a fluorescent moiety capable of fluorescing upon exposure to ultraviolet or infrared light, as discussed in detail below.
  • the proteinaceous material is present in the solution in a concentration of about 20 to about 600 ⁇ g/mL, or about 100 to about 300 ⁇ g/mL based upon total volume of the aqueous solution.
  • the organopolysiloxane can be any organopolysiloxane or silicone oil, for example such as can be used to coat surfaces of medical articles such as syringe barrels.
  • the organopolysiloxane has a viscosity ranging from about 100 to about 1,000,000 centistokes (cSt), prior to any curing step, or about 1,000 cSt to about 100,000 cSt, or about 1,000 cSt to about 15,000 cSt, or about 12,500 cSt.
  • the organopolysiloxane comprises an alky 1- substituted organopolysiloxane, for example as is represented by the following structural Formula (I):
  • the organopolysiloxane of Formula (I) can be represented by the following structural Formula (II): wherein Z can be as above, or for example can be about 300 to about 2,000, about 300 to about 1,800, or about 300 to about 1,350.
  • the organopolysiloxane is a polydimethylsiloxane, such as DOW CORNING® 360 polydimethylsiloxane or NUSIL polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity ranging from about 100 to about 1,000,000 cSt.
  • the organopolysiloxane comprises one or more curable or reactive functional groups, such as alkenyl groups.
  • alkenyl groups can be independently selected from the group consisting of vinyl, allyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl and decenyl.
  • the organopolysiloxane can comprise one or more of any of the above types of alkenyl groups and mixtures thereof.
  • at least one alkenyl group is vinyl. Higher alkenyl or vinyl content provides more efficient crosslinking.
  • the organopolysiloxane can be represented by the following structural Formulae (III) or (IV):
  • R is alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, haloaryl, cycloalkyl, silacyclopentyl, aralkyl, and mixtures thereof;
  • X is about 60 to about 1,00O 3 preferably about 200 to about 320; and
  • y is about 3 to about 25. Copolymers and mixtures of these polymers also are contemplated.
  • Non-limiting examples of useful vinyl functional organopolysiloxanes include: vinyldimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxanes; trimethylsiloxy terminated vinylmethyl, dimethylpolysJloxane copolymers; vinyldimethylsiloxy terminated vinylmethyl, dimethylpolysiloxane copolymers; divinylmethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxanes; vinyl, n-butylmethyl terminated polydimethylsiloxanes; and vinylphenylmethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxanes.
  • a mixture of siloxane polymers selected from those of
  • the mixture can comprise two different molecular weight vinyldimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethyl siloxane polymers, wherein one of the polymers has an average molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 25,000 and preferably about 16,000, and the other polymer has an average molecular weight of about 30,000 to about 71,000 and preferably about 38,000.
  • the lower molecular weight siloxane can be present in amounts of about 20% to about 80%, such as about 60% by weight of this mixture; and the higher molecular weight siloxane can be present in amounts of about 80% to about 20%, such as about 40% by weight of this mixture.
  • a suitable vinyl functional organopolysiloxane is (7.0-8.0% vinylmethylsiloxane) - dimethylsiloxane copolymer, trimethylsiloxy terminated, such as VDT-731 vinylmethylsiloxane copolymer which is commercially available from Gelest, Inc. of Morrisville, PA.
  • the organopolysiloxane can comprise at least two polar groups.
  • Each polar group can be independently selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate, amino, imino, hydroxy, epoxy, ester, alkyloxy, isocyanate, phenolic, polyurethane oligomeric, polyamide oligomeric, polyester oligomeric, polyether oligomeric, polyol, and carboxypropyl groups.
  • the organopolysiloxane can comprise one or more of any of the above polar groups and mixtures thereof.
  • the polar groups are acrylate groups, for example, acryloxypropyl groups.
  • the polar groups are methacrylate groups, such as methacryloxy propyl groups.
  • the organopolysiloxane having polar groups can further comprise one or more alkyl groups and/or aryl groups, such as methyl groups, ethyl groups, or phenyl groups.
  • Non-limiting examples of such organopolysiloxanes include [15-20%
  • (acryloxypro ⁇ yl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer such as UMS-182 acrylate functional siloxane, which is available from Gelest, Inc. of Morrisville, PA, and SILCOLEASE® PC970 acrylated silicone polymer, which is available from Rhodia-
  • such an organopolysiloxane can be represented by the Formula (V):
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate, amino, imino, hydroxy, epoxy, ester, alkyloxy, isocyanate, phenolic, polyurethane oligomeric, polyamide oligomeric, polyester oligomeric, polyether oligomeric, polyol, carboxy propyl, and fluoro groups; and R 2 is alkyl, n ranges from 2 to 4, and x is an integer sufficient to give the lubricant a viscosity of about 100 to 1,000,000 cSt.
  • the organopolysiloxane can further comprise one or more fluoro groups, such as ⁇ F or fluoroalkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl groups.
  • fluoro groups such as ⁇ F or fluoroalkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl groups.
  • Other useful organopolysiloxanes include polyfluoroalkylniethyl siloxanes and fluoroalkyl, dimethyl siloxane copolymers.
  • the composition can further comprise one or more cyclic s ⁇ oxane(s), for example, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and/or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
  • cyclic s ⁇ oxane(s) for example, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and/or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
  • the organopolysiloxane can be represented by the following structural Formula (VI):
  • R is haloalkyl, aryl (such as phenyl), haloaryl, cycloalkyl, silacyclopentyl, aralkyl and mixtures thereof; and Z is about 20 to about 1,800.
  • the organopolysiloxane comprises at least two pendant hydrogen groups.
  • suitable organopolysiloxanes comprising at least two pendant hydrogen groups include organopolysiloxanes having pendant hydrogen groups along the polymer backbone or terminal hydrogen groups.
  • the organopolysiloxane can be represented by the following structural Formulae (VII);
  • organopolysiloxane can be represented by the following structural Formula (VIII):
  • a mixture of these polymers can be used comprising two different molecular weight materials.
  • about 2% to about 5% by weight of the mixture of a trimethylsiloxy terminated polymethylhydrosiloxane having an average molecular weight of about 400 to about 7,500, for example about 1900 can be used in admixture with about 98% to about 95% of a dimethylhydro siloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane having an average molecular weight of about 400 to about 37,000 and preferably about 12,000.
  • Non-limiting examples of useful organopolysiloxanes comprising at least two pendant hydrogen groups include dimethylhydro terminated polydimethylsiloxanes; methylhydro, dimethylpolysiloxane copolymers; dimethylhydrosiloxy terminated methyloctyl dimethylpolysiloxane copolymers; and methylhydro, phenylmethyl siloxane copolymers.
  • the composition comprises hydroxy functional siloxanes, for example a hydroxy functional siloxane comprising at least two hydroxyl groups, such as for example:
  • moisture-curable means that the siloxane is curable at ambient conditions in the presence of atmospheric moisture.
  • the organopolysiloxane comprises about
  • the proteinaceous material and organopoly siloxane are each labeled with a fluorescent moiety that fluoresces at a different wavelength of light.
  • the fluorescent moiety can be selected from moieties that fluoresce in the green range (525-585 nm)(usually labeled FLl), such as FITC, Alexa Fluor 488, GFP, CFDA-SE, DyLight 488, PE Phycoerythrine, PE- Cy Phycoerythrine cyanine, FUC Fluoresceine Isothiocyanate, GFP Green Fluorescence Protein, CFDA-SE Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate Succinimidyl Ester, PI Phosphoinositide; in the orange range (usually FL2), such as PE Phycoerythrine; in the red range (usually FL3): PerCP Peridinin Chlorophyll Protein, PE-Alexa Fluor 700, PE-CyS (TRI-COLOR), PE- Cy5.5, PI; in the infra
  • FSC forward light scattering
  • SSC side light scattering
  • FLl green fluorescence intensity
  • FL2, 585-600 nm red fluorescence intensity
  • the proteinaceous material can be chemically labeled with Alexa Fluor® 488 dye (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, CA) according to well-documented protocols (MP 00143, Amine- Reactive Probes, Invitrogen Corporation).
  • MP 00143 Amine- Reactive Probes, Invitrogen Corporation
  • nile red dye can be dissolved in silicone oil at 5 mg/mL.
  • Nile red 9-diethylamino-5-benzophenoxazine-5-one, is an extremely hydrophobic dye whose fluorescence is fully quenched in water, Alexa Fluor® 488 dye has an emission maximum of 519 nm, and nile red dye has an emission maximum of 628 nm.
  • Suspensions with chemically labeled mAb and dyed silicone oil can be scanned with a BD FACScanTM Flow Cytometer analyzer or BD LSR II Flow Cytometer (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ).
  • Flow cytometry is an analytical process for counting, examining, and sorting microscopic particles suspended in a stream of fluid. It allows simultaneous multiparametric analysis of the physical and/or chemical characteristics of single particles flowing through an optical and/or electronic detection apparatus.
  • a beam of light usually laser light
  • a plurality of detectors are aimed at the point where the stream passes through the light beam; one in line with the light beam (Forward Scatter or FSC) and several perpendicular to it (SSC) and one or more fluorescent detectors).
  • Each suspended particle passing through the beam scatters the light in some direction, and fluorescent chemicals attached to the particle may be excited into emitting light at a lower frequency than the light source.
  • This combination of scattered and fluorescent light is detected by the detectors.
  • FSC correlates with the cell volume and SSC depends on the inner complexity of the particle (i.e., shape of the nucleus, the amount and type of particle or the particle roughness).
  • Some flow cytometers form images of each cell's fluorescence, scattered light, and transmitted light. [0061J Flow cytometers are capable of analyzing several thousand particles every second, and can actively separate and isolate particles having specified properties.
  • a flow cytometer includes a flow cell-liquid stream (solution) which carries and aligns the cells so that they pass single file through the light beam for sensing; one or more light sources, such as a mercury or xenon lamp, high power water-cooled lasers (argon, krypton, dye laser), low power air-cooled lasers (argon (488nm), red-HeNe (633nm), green-HeNe, HeCd (UV)), or diode lasers (blue, green, red, violet); multiple detectors and Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) system which generates FSC and SSC as well as fluorescence signals; a linear or logarithmic amplification system, and a computer for analysis of the signals.
  • ADC Analog to Digital Conversion
  • the data generated by flow-cytometers can be plotted in two dimensional dot plots or even in three dimensions.
  • the regions on these plots can be sequentially separated, based on fluorescence intensity, by creating a series of subset extractions, termed "gates".
  • the plots are often made on logarithmic scales. Because different fluorescent dyes' emission spectra overlap, signals at the detectors have to be compensated electronically as well as computationally. Often, data accumulated using the flow cytometer can be re-analyzed (using software such as WinMDI).
  • Fluorescence-activated cell sorting or particle sorting is a specialized type of flow cytometry.
  • the particle suspension is entrained in the center of a narrow, rapidly flowing stream of liquid. The flow is arranged so that there is a large separation between particles relative to their diameter. A vibrating mechanism causes the stream of particles to break into individual droplets. The system is adjusted so that there is a low probability of more than one particles being in a droplet.
  • the flow passes through a fluorescence measuring station where the fluorescent character of interest of each particles is measured.
  • An electrical charging ring is placed just at the point where the stream breaks into droplets.
  • a charge is placed on the ring based on the immediately-prior fluorescence intensity measurement and the opposite charge is trapped on the droplet as it breaks from the stream.
  • the charged droplets then fall through an electrostatic deflection system that diverts droplets into containers based upon their charge. In some systems, the charge is applied directly to the stream and the droplet breaking off retains charge of the same sign as the stream. The stream is then returned to neutral after the droplet breaks off.
  • relative particle fluorescence intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane and the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material can be determined using fluorescence- activated particle sorting.
  • the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane can be compared to the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material and the amount of proteinaceous material aggregated or agglomerated with the organopolysiloxane can be determined.
  • Aggregation of the proteinaceous material with the organopolysiloxane includes proteinaceous material adsorption to organopolysiloxane as well as proteinaceous material aggregation nucleated by organopolysiloxane, and includes any irreversible association between organopolysiloxane and the proteinaceous material.
  • Each solution is analyzed by fluorescence activated particle scanning to determine particle composition.
  • Fluorescence activated particle scanning can be used to analyze particle size, morphology, and relative particle fluorescence.
  • Other useful analyses include determination of suspension turbidity, silicone oil droplet number concentration, and silicone oil droplet size distribution.
  • Optical densities can be determined using a PerkinElmer Lambda 35 spectrophotometer (Wellesley, MA). After brief and gentle agitation to deflocculate droplet agglomerates, silicone oil suspension optical densities can be measured at 660 nm as functions of time and formulation condition.
  • proteinaceous material absorbance at 280 nm can be measured to determine mAb concentrations.
  • proteinaceous material concentrations can be measured with a Coomassie dye binding assay (Coomassie PlusTM Better Bradford Assay Kit, Pierce Biotechnology,
  • Silicone oil droplet size distributions can be measured using a Coulter LS230 laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA), Relative size distributions can be measured for suspensions immediately after homogenization and as a function of time up to 2 weeks after suspension preparation. From silicone oil droplet relative size distributions and number concentrations, total silicone oil surface area can be estimated,
  • the aqueous suspension further comprises at least one non-ionic surfactant.
  • the non-ionic surfactant can reduce silicone oil coalescence rates. Thus, suspended oil droplets remain in solution longer when non-ionic surfactant is present.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable non-ionic surfactants include acetylenic glycols, alkanolamides, alkanolamines, alkyl phenols, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, glycerol esters, monododecyl ethers, phenol derivatives, poloxamers, poloxamines, polyoxyethylene acyl ethers, polyoxyethyleneglycol dodecyl ethers, sorbitols, sorbitan derivatives and mixtures thereof.
  • the non-ionic surfactant is a sorbitan derivative selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and mixtures thereof.
  • the non-ionic surfactant is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, such as
  • Other useful polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters include Polysorbate 21, Polysorbate 40,
  • the amount of non-ionic surfactant in the solution can range from about 0.001 to about 0.5 weight percent on a basis of total weight of the aqueous solution.
  • the aqueous suspension further comprises at least one sugar.
  • Sugar can enhance the rate of organopolysiloxane coalescence, such that less surface area of organopolysiloxane is available to attract proteinaceous material.
  • Suitable sugars include monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable sugars include sucrose, lactose, fructose, glucose, galactose, mannose, trehalose and mixtures thereof,
  • the amount of sugar in the solution can range from about 0.005 to about 10 weight percent on a basis of total weight of the aqueous solution.
  • the combined presence of sugar and non-ionic surfactant can further reduce aggregation of proteinaceous material.
  • the solution can comprise at least one sugar and at least one non-ionic surfactant, such as polyoxy ethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester and sucrose, in amounts or concentrations such as are describe above.
  • the method further comprises providing a plurality of aqueous suspensions of a fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane and a fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material, wherein each aqueous suspension further comprises at least one aggregation inhibitor selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants and sugars wherein a concentration of the at least one aggregation inhibitor is different in each aqueous suspension, measuring relative particle fluorescence intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane and the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material in each aqueous suspension using fluorescence-activated particle sorting; and comparing the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane to the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material for each aqueous suspension.
  • each aqueous suspension further comprises at least one aggregation inhibitor selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants and sugars wherein a concentration of the at least one
  • the method further comprises providing a plurality of aqueous suspensions of a fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane and a fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material, wherein each aqueous suspension further comprises at least one aggregation inhibitor selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants and sugars wherein the at least one aggregation inhibitor is different in each aqueous suspension, measuring relative particle fluorescence intensity of the fluorescently- labeled organopolysiloxane and the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material in each aqueous suspension using fluorescence-activated particle sorting; and comparing the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane to the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material for each aqueous suspension.
  • the aggregation inhibitor in each solution is chemically different or of a different type, for example different sugars and/or different non-ionic surfactants.
  • the method further comprises selecting at least one aggregation inhibitor for use in a suspension comprising a proteinaceous material based upon the comparison of the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane to the relative intensity of the fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material for each aqueous suspension.
  • the present invention provides a method for inhibiting the aggregation of a proteinaceous material in a suspension comprising an organopolysiloxane, comprising: (a) providing a plurality of aqueous suspensions of a fluorescentiy-labeled organopolysiloxane and a fluorescently-labeled proteinaceous material, wherein each aqueous suspension further comprises at least one aggregation inhibitor selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants and sugars wherein (i) the at least one aggregation inhibitor is different in each aqueous suspension, or (ii) the amount of aggregation inhibitor is different in each aqueous solution; (b) measuring relative particle fluorescence intensity of the fluorescently-labeled organopolysiloxane and the fluorescently- labeled proteinaceous material in each aqueous suspension using fluorescence-activated particle sorting; (c) comparing the relative intensity of the fluorescently-lab
  • the present invention provides a medical article, comprising: (a) a container comprising a chamber for receiving a solution, wherein the inner surface of the chamber has a coating thereon prepared from a composition comprising an organopolysiloxane; and (b) a solution comprising: (i) at least one proteinaceous material; (ii) at least one non-ionic surfactant; and (iii) at least one sugar.
  • a medical article means an article or device that can be useful for medical treatment.
  • Non-limiting examples of medical articles include syringe assemblies, drug cartridges, needleless injectors, liquid dispensing devices and liquid metering devices.
  • the medical article is a syringe assembly comprising a syringe chamber or barrel (for receiving the solution comprising proteinaceous material, for example) and a sealing member.
  • the chamber can be formed from glass, metal, ceramic, plastic, rubber, or combinations thereof.
  • the chamber is prepared from one or more olefinic polymers, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(l-butene), poly(2- methyl-1-pentene), and/or cyclic polyolefm.
  • the polyolefin can be a homopolymer or a copolymer of an aliphatic monoolefin, the aliphatic monoolefm preferably having about 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as polypropylene.
  • the polyolefin can be basically linear, but optionally may contain side chains such as are found, for instance, in conventional, low density polyethylene.
  • the polyolefin is at least 50% isotactic. In other embodiments, the polyolefin is at least about 90% isotactic in structure.
  • syndiotactic polymers can be used, In some embodiments, cyclic polyolefins can be used.
  • suitable cyclic polyolefins include norbornene polymers such as are disclosed in U.S. Patents Nos.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable cyclic polyolefins include ApelTM cyclic polyolefins available from Mitsui Petrochemical, TopasTM cyclic polyolefins available from Ticona Engineering Polymers, ZeonorTM or ZeonexTM cyclic polyolefins available from Zeon Corporation, and cyclic polyolefins available from Promerus LLC.
  • the polyolefin can contain a small amount, generally from about 0.1 to 10 percent, of an additional polymer incorporated into the composition by copolymerization with the appropriate monomer.
  • Such copolymers may be added to the composition to enhance other characteristics of the final composition, and may be, for example, polyacrylate, polystyrene, and the like.
  • the chamber may be constructed of a polyolefin composition which includes a radiation stabilizing additive to impart radiation stability to the container, such as a mobilizing additive which contributes to the radiation stability of the container, such as for example those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,959,402 and 4,994,552, assigned to Becton, Dickinson and Company and both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a radiation stabilizing additive to impart radiation stability to the container
  • a mobilizing additive which contributes to the radiation stability of the container, such as for example those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,959,402 and 4,994,552, assigned to Becton, Dickinson and Company and both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the other component of the medical article in contact with the chamber is the sealing member.
  • the sealing member can be formed from any elastomeric or plastic material. Elastomers are used in many important and critical applications in medical devices and pharmaceutical packaging.
  • Suitable butyl rubbers useful in the method of the present invention include copolymers of isobutylene (about 97-98%) and isoprene (about 2-3%).
  • the butyl rubber can be halogenated with chlorine or bromine.
  • Suitable butyl rubber vulcanizates can provide good abrasion resistance, excellent impermeability to gases, a high dielectric constant, excellent resistance to aging and sunlight, and superior shock-absorbing and vibration- damping qualities to articles formed therefrom.
  • suitable rubber stoppers include those available from West Pharmaceuticals, American Gasket Rubber, Stelmi, and Helvoet Rubber & Plastic Technologies BV,
  • elastomeric copolymers include, without limitation, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic vulcanizates, styrene copolymers such as styrene-butadiene (SBR or SBS) copolymers, styrene-isoprene (SIS) block polymers or styrene-isoprene/butadiene (SIBS), in which the content of styrene in the styrene block copolymer ranges from about 10% to about 70%, and preferably from about 20% to about 50%.
  • SBR or SBS styrene-butadiene
  • SIBS styrene-isoprene
  • SIBS styrene-isoprene/butadiene
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable styrene-butadiene stoppers are available from Firestone Polymers, Dow, Reichhold, Kokoku Rubber Inc., and Chemix Ltd.
  • Other suitable thermoplastic elastomers are available from GLS, Tecknor Apex, AES, Mitsubishi and Solvay Engineered Polymers, for example.
  • the elastomer composition can include, without limitation, antioxidants and/or inorganic reinforcing agents to preserve the stability of the elastomer composition.
  • the sealing member can be a stopper, O-ring, plunger tip, or piston, for example.
  • Syringe plunger tips or pistons typically are made of a compressible, resilient material such as rubber, because of the rubber's ability to provide a seal between the plunger and interior housing of the syringe.
  • Syringe plungers like other equipment used in the care and treatment of patients, have to meet high performance standards, such as the ability to provide a tight seal between the plunger and the barrel of the syringe.
  • the organopolysiloxane coating is applied to at least a portion of the sliding surface(s) of the chamber and/or sealing member.
  • the chamber is coated with the coating described below and the sealing member is uncoated or coated with a polydimethylsiloxane coating.
  • the sealing member is coated with the coating described below and the chamber is uncoated or coated with a polydimethylsiloxane coating.
  • both the chamber and sealing member are coated with coatings as described below.
  • the chamber and/or sealing member is coated with a coating prepared from a composition comprising one or more organopolys ⁇ oxane(s).
  • Application of a coating to the inner surface of the chamber or outer surface of the sealing member may be accomplished by any suitable method, as, for example, dipping, brushing, spraying, and the like.
  • the composition may be applied neat or it may be applied in a solvent, such as low molecular weight silicone, non-toxic chlorinated or fluorinated hydrocarbons, for example, 1,1,2- trichloro-l,2,2-trifiuoroethane, freon or conventional hydrocarbon solvents such as alkanes, toluene, petroleum ether, and the like where toxicology is not considered important.
  • the solvent is subsequently removed by evaporation.
  • the coating may be of any convenient thickness and, in practice, the thickness will be determined by such factors as the quantity applied, viscosity of the lubricant, and the temperature of application. For reasons of economy, the coating preferably is applied as thinly as practical, since no significant advantage is gained by thicker coatings. The exact thickness of the coating does not appear to be critical and very thin coatings, i.e., one or two microns exhibit effective lubricating properties. While not necessary for operability, it is desirable that the thickness of the coating be substantially uniform throughout.
  • the coating can be partially or fully crosslinked after application or partially crosslinked to attach to the substrate, and then fully crosslinked at a later time.
  • the coated chamber and/or coated sealing member can be subjected to oxidative treatment, for example, plasma treatment.
  • the plasma treatment may be carried out in any common vacuum or atmospheric plasma generation equipment. Any suitable ionizing plasma may be used, as, for example, a plasma generated by a glow discharge or a corona discharge.
  • the plasma may be generated from a variety of gases or mixtures thereof. Gases frequently used include air, hydrogen, helium, ammonia, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. Any gas pressure may be used, for example, atmospheric pressure or 5 mm of Hg or below, such as about 0.1 to about 1.0 ram of Hg.
  • the ionizing plasma is introduced directly from a small port in the chamber or through the opening later sealed by the sealing member.
  • the external surface of the coated sealing member can be treated directly similarly to current corona or plasma treatment methods.
  • the plasma can be excited around the coated sealing member or coated chamber and allowed to diffuse into the chamber and sealing member features.
  • the plasma may be excited within the interior of the open chamber by properly controlling electrode position.
  • the treated chamber and/or treated sealing member can be subjected to heat treatment or irradiation with an isotope (such as gamma radiation), electron beam, or ultraviolet radiation.
  • the treated chamber and/or treated sealing member can be heat treated via oven or radio frequency (RF).
  • RF radio frequency
  • temperatures can range from about 120° to about 140° C and residence time in the oven is generally about 30 to about 40 seconds, depending on the precise formulation. If RF techniques are used, the coil should conduct enough heat to obtain a substrate surface temperature of about 150° to about 200 0 C. At these temperatures, only about 2 to about 4 seconds are required for cure.
  • the coating is at least partially crosslinked by irradiation with an isotope, electron beam, or ultraviolet radiation.
  • This technique has the advantage of sterilizing as well, which is useful in medical applications. Radiation sterilization in the form of ionizing radiation commonly is used in hospitals for medical devices such as catheters, surgical items, and critical care tools. Gamma irradiation exerts a microbicidal effect by oxidizing biological tissue, and thus provides a simple, rapid and efficacious method of sterilization. Gamma rays are used either from a cobalt-60 ( 60 Co) isotope source or from a machine-generated accelerated electron source. Sufficient exposures are achieved when the materials to be sterilized are moved around an exposed 60 Co source for a defined period of time. The most commonly used dose for sterilizing medical articles is about 5 to about 100 IcGy, for example, 5-50 kGy.
  • a surface lubricant layer about 0.3 to 10, preferably about 0.8 to 4.0 microns thick may be applied over the crosslinked organopolysiloxane coating described above.
  • the surface lubricant can be conventional silicone oil (organopolysiloxane) of viscosity about 100 to 1,000,000; 100 to 60,000; or preferably about 1,000 to 12,500 cSt.
  • the surface lubricating layer may be applied by any of the conventional methods described above.
  • the preferred methods for applying the surface lubricant are by spraying or clipping the syringe barrel into a solution, about 4% by weight, of the surface lubricant in a solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane or preferably a chlorofluorocarbon, such as FREONTM TF.
  • a solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane or preferably a chlorofluorocarbon, such as FREONTM TF.
  • the surface lubricant may optionally be lightly crosslinked by oxidative treatment and/or radiation.
  • the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane coating the chamber can be greater than the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane coating the sealing member.
  • the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane coating the chamber can be 12,500 cSt, while the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane coating the sealing member can be 1,000 cSt.
  • the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane coating the chamber can be equal to or less than the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane coating the sealing member.
  • the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane coating the chamber can be 12,500 cSt, while the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane coating the sealing member can be 100,000 cSt.
  • the coated articles are subjected to a sterilization treatment.
  • Many sterilization techniques are available today to sterilize medical devices to eliminate living organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, mold and viruses.
  • Commonly used sterilization techniques used for medical devices include autoclaving, ethylene oxide (EtO) or gamma irradiation, as well as more recently introduced systems that involve low-temperature gas plasma and vapor phase sterilants.
  • the chamber of the medical article is at least partially filled with the solution comprising: (i) at least one proteinaceous material; (ii) at least one non-ionic surfactant; and (iii) at least one sugar.
  • the solution can be filtered prior to filling the chamber, for example by filtration through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter and distributed into the sterile chamber under aseptic conditions well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a solution of the recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (rhmAb) Herceptin® (trastuzumab, Genentech, Inc.) was exchanged into 10 mM sodium acetate, pH 5,0, by extensive dialysis (Pierce Slide-A-Lyzer, 3500 MWCO). Appropriate volumes of separate solutions of sucrose and/or polysorbate 20 (Tween 20) were mixed with purified Herceptin® solutions to a final mAb concentration of 1 mg/mL. Concentrations of formulation additives (sucrose. NaCl and surfactants) were systematically varied as described in appropriate results sections. All chemicals were of reagent grade or higher.
  • Optical densities of two sample types were measured with a PerkinElmer Lambda 35 spectrophotometer (Wellesley, MA). After brief and gentle agitation to deflocculate droplet agglomerates, homogeneous silicone oil suspension optical densities were measured at 660 nm as functions of time and formulation condition. In aqueous filtrate, mAb absorbance at 280 nm was measured to determine mAb concentrations. Alternatively, mAb concentrations were measured with a Coomass ⁇ e dye binding assay (Coomassie PlusTM Better Bradford Assay Kit, Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL).
  • Silicone oil droplet size distributions were measured using a Coulter LS230 laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA). Relative size distributions were measured for suspensions immediately after homogenization and as a function of time up to 2 weeks after suspension preparation. From silicone oil droplet relative size distributions and number concentrations, total silicone oil surface area was estimated.
  • Fluorescence activated particle scanning can be used to analyze particle size, morphology, and relative particle fluorescence. Only particles of a threshold size (> 1 ⁇ m diameter) are analyzed by the technique. For scanned particles, forward light scattering (FSC, 1800 light scattering), side light scattering (SSC, 90° light scattering), green fluorescence intensity (FLl, 525-585 nm) and red fluorescence intensity (FL2, 585-600 nm) were measured. Herceptin® trastuzumab molecules were chemically labeled with Alexa Fluor® 488 dye (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, CA) according to well-documented protocols (MP 00143, Amine-Reactive Probes, Invitrogen Corporation). To label the silicone
  • nile red dye was dissolved in silicone oil at 5 mg/mL.
  • Nile red 9-diethylamino-5- benzo ⁇ henoxazine-5-one, is an extremely hydrophobic dye whose fluorescence is fully quenched in water.
  • Alexa Fluor® 488 dye has an emission maximum of 519 nm, and nile red dye has an emission maximum of 628 nm.
  • Suspensions with chemically labeled mAb and dyed silicone oil were scanned with a BD FAC ScanTM Flow Cyto meter analyzer (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ).
  • FIGS. IA and IB illustrate the association of mAb with silicone oil. Symbols are arithmetic means of three replicates measured by difference between initial mAb concentration and mAb concentration in filtrate. Error bars represent ⁇ 1 standard deviation. In all series, mAb concentration is 1 rag/mL. In both panels, squares denote formulations with 0.5 M sucrose, mAb, and silicone oil. In Fig. IA, triangles denote formulations with only mAb and oil. In Fig. IB, triangles denote formulations with 0.5 M sucrose, 0.005% Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant, mAb, and oil.
  • FIGs 2A-2D illustrate the fluorescence intensity scatter plots of two wavelength bands
  • FLl intensity is directly proportional to Alexafluor 488 labeled mAb concentration.
  • FL2 fluorescence intensity is directly proportional to nile red labeled silicone oil volume.
  • FLl and FL2 intensities scale roughly with particle size, encompassing a size range greater than one order of magnitude.
  • Experimental settings were optimized such that the relative intensities of mAb and silicone oil would be equivalent in Fig. 2A. These settings were retained for all other formulations (Figs. 2B-2D).
  • Figs. 2A-2D depict formulations of 1 mg/mL mAb and silicone oil with various combinations of sucrose and surfactants: A neither sucrose nor surfactant; B 0.5 M sucrose; C 0.005% Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant; and D 0.5 M sucrose and 0.005% Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant. [00107] Each of Figs. 2A-2D corresponds to the formulation with the same letter in
  • Figs. 2A and 2C represent formulations without sucrose.
  • the two panels on the right represent formulations containing sucrose. From top to bottom, panels represent no surfactant (Figs. 2A and 2B) and non-ionic surfactant (Figs. 2C and 2D).
  • Fig. 2 A shows particle intensities for a formulation containing only mAb and silicone oil.
  • the scatter plot is linear across an order of magnitude in size (ca. 1-10 ⁇ m), indicating that the ratio of mAb concentration to silicone oil volume is constant for particles of different sizes.
  • Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant (Fig. 2C) does not significantly affect FLl or FL2 intensities.
  • sucrose is introduced to the formulation (right panels)
  • ranges in fluorescence intensity are generally compressed.
  • the combined presence of sucrose and Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant greatly reduces mAb aggregation: more than half of the particles register negligible FLl intensity (Fig. 2D).
  • Fig. 2D negligible FLl intensity
  • Deviations from linear in the scatter plot demonstrate that as oil droplets increase in size, regimes exist where particle growth in not linear. Instead, it appears that differences in surface roughness exist for particles of essentially the same size. While not intending to be bound by any theory, one plausible explanation of the non-linear, non- spherical particle growth is that particles grow by addition of smaller droplets without immediate coalescence. This "creaming" effect creates particles which are multi-droplet agglomerates. Fluorescence scanning allows measurement of antibody/oil contributions to particles as the particles agglomerate.
  • Figs. 3A-3D are scatter plots of side light scattering (90° light scattering) versus forward light scattering (180° light scattering) of silicone oil droplets in aqueous mAb formulations (1 mgfmL) containing various combinations of sucrose and surfactants for the same four formulations A-D (see Table 1).
  • Figs. 3A-3D depict formulations of 1 mg/mL mAb and silicone oil with various combinations of sucrose and surfactants: A neither sucrose nor surfactant, B 0.5 M sucrose, C 0.005% Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant, and D 0.5 M sucrose and 0.005% Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant. As shown in Figs.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show time dependence of light obscuration in mAb formulations with suspended silicone oil. Samples of each formulation were analyzed after brief swirling to deflocculate and de-cream suspensions. The initial time point of each formulation was normalized to the same value. Symbols are arithmetic means of three replicates and error bars represent ⁇ 1 standard deviation. In each of Figs. 4 A and 4B, mAb concentration is 1 mg/mL. In Figs. 4 A and 4B 5 squares denote formulations with 0.5 M sucrose, mAb, and silicone oil. In Fig. 4A, triangles denote formulations with only mAb and oil. Fig. 4 A compares formulations of mAb and silicone oil with and without sucrose.
  • sucrose enhanced the rate of silicone oil coalescence.
  • triangles denote formulations with 0.5 M sucrose, 0.005% Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant, mAb, and oil.
  • Fig. 4B compares formulations with sucrose to formulations with sucrose and a non-ionic surfactant.
  • Tween 20® non-ionic surfactants reduced silicone oil coalescence rates.
  • suspended oil droplets remain in solution longer when Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant was present and shorter when sucrose was present.
  • Figs. 5A-5B surface area normalized mAb aggregation can be calculated (Figs. 5A-5B).
  • Figs. 5A-5B corresponds to the same panel in Figure 1, modified to account for silicone oil surface area. Symbols are arithmetic means of three replicates measured by difference between initial mAb concentration and mAb concentration in filtrate. Differences are divided by formulation- and time-specific silicone oil surface areas. Error bars represent ⁇ 1 standard deviation. In each of Figs. 5 A and 5B, mAb concentration is 1 mg/mL. In all panels, dashed lines represent an estimate of monolayer coverage and squares denote formulations with 0.5 M sucrose, mAb, and silicone oil.
  • triangles denote formulations with only mAb and oil.
  • triangles denote formulations with 0.5 M sucrose, 0,005% Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant, mAb, and oil. Normalized by silicone oil surface area, mAb aggregation actually increases in the presence of sucrose at sufficiently long times, as shown in Fig. 5A. In formulations containing sucrose and Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant, mAb/oil association levels remain low and relatively constant (Fig. 5B). [00114] As shown in the above Figures, formulation additives can influence silicone oil droplet coalescence, levels of mAb exposure to silicone oil, and mAb aggregation.
  • formulations containing both sucrose and Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant effectively reduce association of mAb with silicone oil, and addition of sucrose to formulations of markedly alters silicone oil droplet characteristics.
  • sucrose increases the rate of silicone oil coalescence, as shown in Fig. 4 A. As droplets coalesce, total silicone oil surface area decreases. Because reduced surface area is available in formulations with sucrose, mAb aggregation rates decline at sufficiently long times (Fig. IA), Interestingly, sucrose increases the extent of mAb/silicone oil association per silicone oil surface unit (Fig. 5A). Even so, overall aggregation rates improve due to enhanced coalescence.
  • the addition of sucrose to therapeutic mAb formulations is beneficial not only for mAb stabilization, but potentially to reduce its exposure to silicone oil- surfaces.
  • Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant can further reduce mAb/oil association levels. This effect is especially evident at short times (Fig. 4B).
  • Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant's effectiveness in inhibiting mAb/oil association is enhanced by the co-presence of sucrose, as shown in Figs. 2C and 2D.
  • fluorescence intensity scatter plots for formulations with Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant (Fig. 2C) do not significantly differ from those without Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant (Fig. 2A).
  • the sugar and non-ionic surfactant are both present in the formulation (Fig. 2D)
  • reduction in mAb/oil association is enhanced.
  • sucrose and Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant together prevent mAb aggregation differs from that of sucrose alone.
  • the addition of Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant to formulations containing sucrose slows oil coalescence rates. From droplet size and number concentration measurements, suspended silicone oil surface area remains relatively constant up to 2 weeks after homogenization. Formulations with sucrose and Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant inhibit mAb aggregation, exhibiting nearly a factor of 2 reduction in aggregation over the next best formulation with sucrose but without Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant (Fig. 5B).
  • Figure 6 is hypothetical representation of silicone oil droplet and agglomerate distribution based on forward and side light scattering. A linear trend (dotted line) would result from spherical droplets of varying diameter. Deviations from linear in the scatter plot profile can be explained by droplet agglomeration without immediate coalescence.
  • Therapeutic mAb formulations containing sucrose and Tween 20® non-ionic surfactant notably reduce mAb aggregation in the presence of silicone oil. To a smaller extent, formulations with only sucrose reduce mAb aggregation, likely due to increased silicone oil coalescence rates. Because silicone oil contamination has been shown to induce protein aggregation, successful formulation strategies to reduce protein aggregation can be important for products exposed to silicone oil. The addition of sucrose to therapeutic protein formulations may reduce protein exposure to silicone oil surfaces. As shown in the above Example, formulations containing sucrose and a non-ionic surfactant can inhibit silicone oil induced protein aggregation.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés permettant d'évaluer ou d'inhiber l'agrégation d'une protéine dans une suspension aqueuse incluant un organopolysiloxane, et des articles médicaux enrobés d'un organopolysiloxane contenant une solution de protéines qui comprend un sucre et un tensioactif non ionique.
PCT/US2008/068136 2007-06-25 2008-06-25 Procédés d'évaluation de l'agrégation d'une protéine dans une suspension comprenant un organopolysiloxane, et articles médicaux enrobés d'organopolysiloxane contenant une solution de protéines WO2009003010A2 (fr)

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PCT/US2008/080721 WO2009055427A2 (fr) 2007-10-22 2008-10-22 Procédés d'évaluation de l'agrégation d'une protéine dans une suspension comprenant un organopolysiloxane et articles médicaux recouverts d'un organopolysiloxane contenant une solution protéique
CN200880119613XA CN101889209A (zh) 2007-10-22 2008-10-22 评价在含有机基聚硅氧烷的悬浮液中蛋白质聚集的方法和用含蛋白质溶液的有机基聚硅氧烷涂布的医疗制品
EP08841038.6A EP2201380B1 (fr) 2007-10-22 2008-10-22 Procédés d'évaluation de l'agrégation d'une protéine dans une suspension comprenant un organopolysiloxane et articles médicaux recouverts d'un organopolysiloxane contenant une solution protéique
EP20100164045 EP2237038B1 (fr) 2007-10-22 2008-10-22 Articles médicaux revêtus d'organopolysiloxane contenant une solution de protéine et tensioactif non ionique
US12/739,009 US8633034B2 (en) 2007-06-25 2008-10-22 Methods for evaluating the aggregation of a protein in a suspension including organopolysiloxane and medical articles coated with organopolysiloxane containing a protein solution
CN201610529593.XA CN106443002A (zh) 2007-10-22 2008-10-22 评价在含有机基聚硅氧烷的悬浮液中蛋白质聚集的方法
JP2010531196A JP5081976B2 (ja) 2007-10-22 2008-10-22 オルガノポリシロキサンを含む懸濁液においてタンパク質の凝集を評価するための方法
ES10164045.6T ES2543735T3 (es) 2007-10-22 2008-10-22 Artículos médicos revestidos con organopolisiloxano que contienen una disolución de proteína y un tensioactivo no iónico
JP2012154844A JP5978034B2 (ja) 2007-10-22 2012-07-10 オルガノポリシロキサンを含む懸濁液においてタンパク質の凝集を評価するための方法、およびタンパク質溶液を含有する、オルガノポリシロキサンでコーティングされた医療用品
US14/139,604 US20140110297A1 (en) 2007-06-25 2013-12-23 "Medical Articles Coated With Organopolysiloxane Containing a Protein Solution"

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US93717907P 2007-06-25 2007-06-25
US60/937,179 2007-06-25

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US12/739,009 Division US8633034B2 (en) 2007-06-25 2008-10-22 Methods for evaluating the aggregation of a protein in a suspension including organopolysiloxane and medical articles coated with organopolysiloxane containing a protein solution
PCT/US2008/080721 Continuation-In-Part WO2009055427A2 (fr) 2007-06-25 2008-10-22 Procédés d'évaluation de l'agrégation d'une protéine dans une suspension comprenant un organopolysiloxane et articles médicaux recouverts d'un organopolysiloxane contenant une solution protéique

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US8633034B2 (en) 2007-06-25 2014-01-21 Becton, Dickinson And Company Methods for evaluating the aggregation of a protein in a suspension including organopolysiloxane and medical articles coated with organopolysiloxane containing a protein solution
US8802603B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-08-12 Becton, Dickinson And Company Medical components having coated surfaces exhibiting low friction and low reactivity
US10549042B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2020-02-04 Merz Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Botulinum toxin prefilled glass syringe
US10914720B2 (en) 2016-02-10 2021-02-09 Becton Dickinson France Method to evaluate the stability of a protein-based formulation
US11219717B2 (en) 2015-02-03 2022-01-11 Merz Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Botulinum toxin prefilled plastic syringe

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8633034B2 (en) 2007-06-25 2014-01-21 Becton, Dickinson And Company Methods for evaluating the aggregation of a protein in a suspension including organopolysiloxane and medical articles coated with organopolysiloxane containing a protein solution
US8802603B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-08-12 Becton, Dickinson And Company Medical components having coated surfaces exhibiting low friction and low reactivity
US10549042B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2020-02-04 Merz Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Botulinum toxin prefilled glass syringe
EP3236939B1 (fr) 2014-12-23 2020-04-01 Merz Pharma GmbH & Co. KGaA Seringue préremplie de toxine botulinique
US11167090B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2021-11-09 Merz Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Botulinum toxin prefilled container
US11219717B2 (en) 2015-02-03 2022-01-11 Merz Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Botulinum toxin prefilled plastic syringe
US10914720B2 (en) 2016-02-10 2021-02-09 Becton Dickinson France Method to evaluate the stability of a protein-based formulation

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