WO2008156221A1 - 肥大化能を有する軟骨細胞の産生する因子と足場による骨欠損の修復と治療 - Google Patents
肥大化能を有する軟骨細胞の産生する因子と足場による骨欠損の修復と治療 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008156221A1 WO2008156221A1 PCT/JP2008/061692 JP2008061692W WO2008156221A1 WO 2008156221 A1 WO2008156221 A1 WO 2008156221A1 JP 2008061692 W JP2008061692 W JP 2008061692W WO 2008156221 A1 WO2008156221 A1 WO 2008156221A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/12—Phosphorus-containing materials, e.g. apatite
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/22—Polypeptides or derivatives thereof, e.g. degradation products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
- A61L27/3804—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by specific cells or progenitors thereof, e.g. fibroblasts, connective tissue cells, kidney cells
- A61L27/3817—Cartilage-forming cells, e.g. pre-chondrocytes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
- A61L27/3839—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by the site of application in the body
- A61L27/3843—Connective tissue
- A61L27/3847—Bones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
- A61L27/3895—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells using specific culture conditions, e.g. stimulating differentiation of stem cells, pulsatile flow conditions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/58—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
- A61L2300/252—Polypeptides, proteins, e.g. glycoproteins, lipoproteins, cytokines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/412—Tissue-regenerating or healing or proliferative agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/412—Tissue-regenerating or healing or proliferative agents
- A61L2300/414—Growth factors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/02—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material containing an osteoblast differentiation inducing factor produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication and a scaffold, a method for producing the same, and a method for using the same.
- Osteogenesis is the preferred treatment for diseases with reduced bone formation, bone damage or bone loss.
- bone tissue is excised due to damage such as fractures or bone tumors, osteoblasts, the cells that make bone, proliferate and differentiate, forming bone, and healing fractures and bone defects.
- osteoblasts function effectively by fixing the affected area, leading to healing.
- autologous bone grafting is generally the standard method for repairing injuries or defects. Has been considered. If the bone defect is large and cannot be compensated with autologous bone, many methods are used to mix some of the autologous bone, even if artificial bone is used.
- HA P Hydroxy Siapatite
- TCP tricalcium phosphate
- this conventional artificial bone implant and bone filling material have the disadvantages that they have low bone forming ability and are difficult to form, and have low toughness and are easily cracked by impact, compared to autologous bone. Therefore, the prognosis for surgical procedures is not always good and often requires multiple operations. For these reasons, the proportion of artificial bone used is increasing, but it is still about 30%, and the remaining 60 to 70% use autologous bone. In the United States, allogeneic bone is often used. In Japan, however, using corpses is difficult to accustom as a habit and is not often used. Bone banks also exist, but at present they are not fully maintained.
- Bone marrow-derived stem cells are mainly used in this regenerative medicine, and bone marrow stem cells collected from patients are differentiated into osteoblasts and cultured with bone grafting materials. It has been proposed to use the body. By culturing, bone substitutes containing many bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferated using the bone filling material as a scaffold and further differentiated osteoblasts are filled into the bone defect, so only the bone filling material is transplanted. Compared with this method, the above-mentioned defects of the artificial bone can be compensated, and the number of days until the bone is formed can be shortened.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Maniatopoulos, C et al .: Bone formation in vitro by stromal cells obtained from bone marrow of young adult rats.Cell ⁇ issue Res, 254: 317-330, 1988.). In addition, some stem cells do not differentiate with this three-compound mixture. As a result, there is anxiety about the nature and function of the osteoblasts induced to differentiate.
- osteoblasts that are safe, inexpensive, and stable for use in the treatment of diseases with decreased bone formation, bone damage, or bone defects.
- Non-Patent Literature 2-5 Wozney, j. M. et al .: Novel Regulators of Bone Formation: Molecular Clones and Activities.
- the present inventor observed that bone formation by endochondral ossification occurs when BMP is transplanted in different places.
- Wozney et al. Who cloned BMP, also used the term cartilage—inducing activity when measuring BMP activity.
- BMP-1, BMP-4 and BMP-7 do not induce differentiation of bone directly, but induce chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy and produce chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy.
- Non-patent document 6 and Non-patent document 7 Hiroyuki Okina: Bone morphogenetic factor produced by growing cartilage, History of medicine, 16 5: 419, 1993; Okihana, H. & Shimomura, Y: Osteogenic Activity of Growth C artilage Examined by Implanting Decalcified and Devitalized RIDS and Costal Cartilage Zone, and Living Growth Cartilage Cells. Bone, 13: 387-393, 1992. ).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-305259 discloses that a stem cell is attached to a biological tissue filling material, and that the induced stem cell is induced to differentiate to produce a biological tissue forming action using the biological tissue filling material as a scaffold, There is disclosed a method for producing a body tissue complement comprising a treatment step for killing formed tissue cells.
- Patent Document 1 describes that stem cells are attached to a biological tissue filling material and the attached stem cells are differentiated into osteoblasts. It is described that the medium used for this culture contains a minimum essential medium, differentiation inducer such as urchin fetal serum (FBS), dexamethasone,) 3 glyce mouth phosphate, and nutrient such as vitamin C.
- FBS urchin fetal serum
- dexamethasone dexamethasone
- Patent Document 1 does not describe a composite material containing the osteoblast differentiation inducing factor of the present invention and a scaffold nor that this composite material promotes or induces bone formation in vivo.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-305260 discloses that a stem cell is attached to a biological tissue filling material, and that the stem cell thus attached is induced to differentiate, thereby causing a biological tissue forming action using the biological tissue filling material as a scaffold, Comprising a processing step of killing the formed tissue cells;
- a method for producing a biological tissue filling material is disclosed in which the treatment step is a step of freezing and further drying the biological tissue filling material.
- Patent Document 2 describes that stem cells are attached to a biological tissue filling material and the attached stem cells are differentiated into osteoblasts.
- the medium used for this culture contains a minimum essential medium, guinea pig fetal serum (FBS), dexamethasone, differentiation inducers such as 3 glyce mouth phosphate, and nutrients such as vitamin C It uses a minimum essential medium, guinea pig fetal serum (FBS), and dexamethasone mixed for induction.
- FBS guinea pig fetal serum
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- 2004-49142 discloses a primary culturing step of obtaining mesenchymal stem cells by culturing bone marrow cells collected from a patient in a predetermined medium, and culturing mesenchymal stem cells.
- a secondary culture step for inducing differentiation into osteoblasts by culturing in a predetermined osteogenic medium, a recovery step for recovering the differentiated osteoblasts and the produced bone matrix, and the recovered osteoblasts Disclosed is a method for producing cultured bone comprising a mixing step of mixing cells and bone matrix with bone prosthetic granules.
- Patent Document 3 uses a medium in which a minimal essential medium, a differentiation inducer such as urchin fetal serum (FBS), dexamethasone,) 3 glyceose phosphate, and a nutrient such as vitamin C are mixed. It is described that mesenchymal stem cells are differentiated into osteoblasts. Patent Document 3 does not describe a composite material containing the osteoblast differentiation inducing factor of the present invention and a scaffold nor that this composite material promotes or induces bone formation in vivo.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-205074 discloses that the mesenchymal stem cells obtained by culturing cells collected from a patient are carried on a bone filling material and carried on the bone filling material.
- Patent Document 4 includes a minimum essential medium, urchin fetal serum (FBS), dexamethasone, and 3 glycerophosphine. It is described that mesenchymal stem cells are differentiated into osteoblasts using a medium in which a differentiation-inducing factor such as a chelate and a nutrient such as vitamin C are mixed.
- FBS urchin fetal serum
- dexamethasone dexamethasone
- 3 glycerophosphine 3 glycerophosphine. It is described that mesenchymal stem cells are differentiated into osteoblasts using a medium in which a differentiation-inducing factor such as a chelate and a nutrient such as vitamin C are mixed.
- Patent Document 4 does not describe a composite material containing the osteoblast differentiation inducing factor of the present invention and a scaffold nor that this composite material promotes or induces bone formation in vivo.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-531604 discloses a method for isolating mesenchymal stem cells from post-natal human tissue such as post-natal human foreskin tissue, and the isolated mesenchymal stem cells as bone. Methods for inducing differentiation into various cell lineages such as formation, adipogenesis, and chondrogenic cell lineages are disclosed. Patent Document 5 describes mesenchymal stem cells using a medium containing urchin fetal serum (FBS), antibiotics, osteogenesis supplements (dexamethasone, 3-glycose phosphate and ascorbic acid-2-phosphate). It is described to differentiate into osteoblasts. Patent Document 5 also does not describe a composite material containing the osteoblast differentiation inducing factor of the present invention and a scaffold, which promotes or induces bone formation in vivo.
- FBS urchin fetal serum
- osteogenesis supplements dihydroxy-3glycose phosphate and ascorbic acid-2-phosphate
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-289062 discloses a bone filling material using a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophy and a scaffold. Patent Document 6 does not describe a composite material containing the osteoblast differentiation-inducing factor of the present invention and a scaffold nor that this composite material promotes or induces bone formation in vivo. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention produces chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication that can be used in the treatment of diseases in which bone formation is reduced, the treatment of bone damage or bone loss, particularly the treatment of bone tumors and complex fractures, etc.
- Composite material containing osteoblast differentiation inducing factor and scaffold It is another object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method and a method for using the same.
- the present invention provides a composite material comprising an osteoblast differentiation inducing factor produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication and a scaffold, which can be used to form bone in a site where there is no bone in the periphery. Is an issue. Means for solving the problem
- the above-mentioned problems are partially solved in the present invention by finding a composite material having the property that bone formation progresses unexpectedly by using the osteoblast differentiation inducing factor according to the present invention and a scaffold. It was done. Since the osteoblast differentiation inducing factor according to the present invention is dissipated even when the factor alone is transplanted into a living body, undifferentiated cells cannot be induced into osteoblasts. The present invention has succeeded for the first time in promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo by combining this osteoblast differentiation inducing factor and a biocompatible scaffold.
- the present invention provides, for example, the following means.
- a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo is provided.
- a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo is provided.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is either (1) present in a medium in which the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication are cultured, or (2) a supernatant obtained by culturing the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication has a molecular weight
- the composite material according to the above item which exists in a fraction having a molecular weight of 50, 00 or more obtained by subjecting to ultrafiltration of 50, 00.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is attached to or dispersed in a region selected from the group consisting of the biocompatible scaffold surface and the internal pores of the biocompatible scaffold.
- the biocompatible scaffold is calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, alumina, zircoyu, apatite-wollastonite precipitated glass, gelatin, collagen, chitin, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, extracellular matrix mixture, silk, cellulose, dextran, agarose , Agar, synthetic polypeptide, polylactic acid, polyleucine, arginic acid, polydaricholic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polycyanoacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl polychloride, ethylene poly (ethylene acetate)
- the biocompatible scaffold is porous hydroxyapatite, superporous hydroxyapatite, apatite collagen mixture, apatite collagen complex, collagen gel, collagen sponge, gelatin sponge, fibrin gel, composite
- the composite material according to the above item comprising a substance selected from the group consisting of a synthetic peptide, an extracellular matrix mixture, alginic acid, agarose, polydaricholic acid, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid Z polylactic acid copolymer, and combinations thereof.
- the biocompatible scaffold comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, collagen, alginic acid, and a mixture of laminin, collagen IV and entactin, and combinations thereof.
- Composite material (Item 9)
- MEM minimum essential medium
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is mixed with a collagen solution in a lyophilized state, and the differentiation factor production medium contains a minimum essential medium (MEM) as a basic component, and further includes darcocorticoid, 3-glycease.
- MEM minimum essential medium
- MEM minimum essential medium
- the induced osteoblast differentiation-inducing factor is attached to or dispersed in hydroxyapatite cocoon, and the differentiation factor-producing medium contains a minimum essential medium (MEM) as a basic component, and further comprises a darcocorticoid,
- MEM minimum essential medium
- the composite material according to the above item, wherein the bone formation is for forming bone at a site where there is no bone around.
- a method for producing a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo comprising the following steps:
- a method for producing a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo comprising the following steps:
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is either (1) present in a medium in which the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication are cultured, or (2) a supernatant obtained by culturing the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication has a molecular weight
- the method according to the above item which exists in a fraction having a molecular weight of 50, 00 or more obtained by subjecting to ultrafiltration of 50, 00.
- the step A) comprises culturing the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in a differentiation factor production medium containing dexamethasone, e-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid and serum components, and collecting the cultured supernatant. Including the method according to the above item.
- the step A) includes subjecting the supernatant obtained by culturing the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication to ultrafiltration and separating the supernatant into fractions having a molecular weight of 50, 00 or more. Method.
- step B) comprises a step of bringing the supernatant into contact with the biocompatible scaffold.
- biocompatible scaffold is selected from the group consisting of a gel-like scaffold and a three-dimensional scaffold.
- the biocompatible scaffold is calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, alumina, zirconia, apatite-wollastonite precipitated glass, gelatin, collagen, chitin, fipurin, hyaluronic acid, extracellular matrix mixture, silk, cellulose, dextran, Agarose, agar, synthetic polypeptide, polylactic acid, polyleucine, arginic acid, polydarlicolic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polycyanoacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl polychloride, ethylene acetate vinyl acetate copolymer A method as described above, comprising a material selected from the group consisting of nylon and combinations thereof.
- the biocompatible scaffold is composed of porous hydroxyapatite, superporous hydroxyapatite, apatite collagen mixture, apatite collagen complex, collagen gel, collagen sponge, gelatin sponge, fibrin gel, synthetic The method as described above, comprising a substance selected from the group consisting of a peptide, an extracellular matrix mixture, alginic acid, agarose, polydaricholic acid, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid / polylactic acid copolymer, and combinations thereof.
- the biocompatible scaffold comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, collagen, alginic acid, and a mixture of laminin, collagen IV and entactin, and combinations thereof. Method.
- the biocompatible scaffold is porous hydroxyapatite, ultraporous hydroxyapatite, apatite collagen mixture, apatite collagen complex, collagen gel, collagen sponge, gelatin sponge, fibrin Ngel, synthetic peptide, extracellular matrix mixture, alginic acid, agarose, polydalicholic acid, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid Z polylactic acid copolymer, and a combination thereof,
- the differentiation factor-producing medium contains both i3-glycose mouth phosphate and ascorbic acid.
- the differentiation factor production medium further comprises a serum component.
- a method for promoting or inducing bone formation in a living body comprising: a composite material comprising an induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor and a biocompatible scaffold; A method comprising transplanting to a site in need of promoting or inducing adulthood.
- the bone formation is for forming bone in a region where there is no bone in the periphery.
- a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo is provided.
- a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo a composite material including an induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor produced by a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophy and a scaffold capable of promoting or inducing bone formation in a living body, a method for producing the same, and use thereof Law is provided.
- Such a composite material can promote or induce bone formation in a living body, and by using this composite material, bone formation can be led to a site where there is no bone around.
- Such composite materials are not provided by the prior art, but are provided for the first time.
- FIG. 1A shows the results of seeding a cell solution diluted with hypertrophic chondrocytes on a hydroxylate and staining with alkaline phosphatase.
- Fig. IB shows the result of toluidine blue staining of the sample of Fig. 1A stained with alkaline phosphatase. In Toluigi and blue staining, the same part is stained blue, indicating that cells are present. The lower left bar is 300. 0 0 / x m.
- Fig. 1C shows the result of seeding a cell solution diluted with resting chondrocytes on hydroxyapatite and staining with Al force phosphatase.
- Hydroxyapatite was seeded at 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells / m 1 and cultured at 37 ° C. in a 5% CO 2 incubator for 1 week, followed by alkaline phosphatase staining.
- Alkaline phosphatase staining did not stain hydroxyapatite.
- the lower left bar is 3 0 0.00 ⁇ m 0
- Figure ID shows the results of toluidine blue staining of the alkaline phosphatase stained sample of Figure 1C.
- hydroxyapatite was stained blue, confirming the presence of cells.
- the lower left bar is 3 0 0. 00 // m.
- Fig. IE shows the result of seeding a cell solution diluted with chondrocytes derived from the articular cartilage portion on a hydroxypatite and staining with alkaline phosphatase. After seeding on hydroxyapatite at 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells / m 1 and culturing at 37 ° C. in a 5% CO 2 incubator for 1 week, alkaline phosphatase staining was performed. Alkaline phosphatase staining did not stain hydroxyapatite.
- the lower left bar is 3 0 0.00 ⁇ m.
- Figure IF shows the alkaline phosphatase-stained sample in Figure 1 E. The result of coloring is shown. In toluidine blue staining, hydroxyapatite was stained in blue and spots, confirming the presence of cells. The lower left bar is 300.00
- Figure 2 shows that chondrocytes derived from ribs and costal cartilage are cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium and MEM growth medium, respectively, and each culture supernatant is mouse C 3H
- Fig. 5 shows al force phosphatase activity when added to 10 T 1Z2 cells and cultured.
- the culture collected after 4 days in the 4-week-old rat group About 4.1 times when the supernatant is added, about 5.1 times for the culture supernatant collected after 1 week, about 5.4 times for the culture supernatant collected after 2 weeks, and about the culture supernatant collected after 3 weeks Rose to about 4.9 times.
- the culture supernatant collected after 4 days was added approximately 2.9 times, the culture supernatant collected after 1 week was approximately 3.1 times, and the culture supernatant collected after 2 weeks The culture supernatant collected after about 3.8 times and 3 weeks increased to about 4.2 times.
- 4-week-old differentiation supernatant culture supernatant of hypertrophic chondrocytes derived from 4-week-old rats in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- 8-week-old differentiation supernatant hypertrophic chondrocytes derived from 8-week-old rats as MEM Culture supernatant cultured in differentiation factor-producing medium
- 4-week-old growth supernatant culture supernatant cultured from cultivated chondrocytes derived from 4-week-old rat in MEM growth medium
- 8-week-old growth supernatant 8-week-old rat Culture supernatant of cultured hypertrophic chondrocytes derived from MEM growth medium.
- Fig. 3A shows the cultivated chondrocytes derived from ribs and costal cartilage in MEM differentiation factor production medium or MEM growth medium, and each supernatant was added to mouse C3H10T 1 Z 2 cells and cultured. The results of al force phosphatase staining are shown.
- Mouse C3H10T 1/2 cells are seeded on a 24-well plate (BME medium) 1 After 8 hours, each culture supernatant was added, and after 72 hours, alkaline phosphatase staining was performed.
- Upper panel When culture supernatant cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium was added, the sample was stained red, confirming that it had activity.
- Fig. 3B shows the case where chondrocytes derived from the ribs and costal cartilage are cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium and the culture supernatant is cultured with mouse C 3H 1 OT 1Z2 cells.
- the result of alkaline phosphatase staining is shown.
- Mouse C3H10T 1Z 2 cells were seeded on hydroxyapatite (BME medium), culture supernatant was added 18 hours later, and alkaline phosphatase staining was performed 72 hours later.
- the supernatant cultured in the MEM differentiation factor production medium was added, the sample was stained red, confirming that it had activity.
- the lower left bar is 500. 00 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 3C shows toluidine obtained by culturing chondrocytes derived from ribs and costal cartilage with MEM differentiation factor production medium and adding the culture supernatant to mouse C 3H 1 OT 1Z2 cells. The result of blue staining is shown.
- Mouse C 3H 10 T 1Z2 cells were seeded on hydroxyapatite (BME medium), the culture supernatant was added 18 hours later, and toluidine blue staining was performed 72 hours later. Cells were confirmed to be present in the sample by staining with toluidine blue staining blue.
- the lower left bar is 500. 00 ⁇ .
- 3D shows the strength of cultured chondrocytes derived from the ribs and costal cartilage, cultured in MEM growth medium and cultured with mouse C 3H1 OT 1Z2 cells.
- the result of phosphatase staining is shown.
- Mouse C 3H 10 T 1/2 cells were seeded on hydroxyapatite (BME medium), the culture supernatant was added 18 hours later, and alkaline phosphatase staining was performed 72 hours later. When the supernatant cultured in MEM growth medium was added, the sample did not stain and was confirmed to be inactive.
- the lower left bar is 500. 00 ⁇ .
- Fig. 3 E shows a case where chondrocytes derived from the ribs and costal cartilage are cultured in MEM growth medium and the culture supernatant is added to mouse C 3H 10T 1/2 cells and cultured.
- the results of toluidine blue staining are shown.
- Mouse C 3 H 10 T 1 Z 2 cells were seeded on hydroxypatite (BME medium), the culture supernatant was added 18 hours later, and toluidine blue staining was performed 72 hours later. The cells were confirmed to be present in the sample by staining with toluidine blue.
- the lower left bar is 5 0 .0 0 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 4 shows quiescent cartilage-derived resting chondrocytes cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium and MEM growth medium, respectively, and the culture supernatant was added to mouse C 3 H 10 T 1 Z 2 cells and cultured. The al force phosphatase activity is shown. When supplemented with cell culture supernatant using MEM differentiation factor production medium, and when added with cell culture supernatant using MEM growth medium, alkaline phosphatase activity is only in MEM differentiation factor production medium. And it was almost the same as when only MEM growth medium was added. The following abbreviations indicate the added culture supernatant.
- 8-week-old differentiation supernatant culture supernatant of 8-week-old rat-derived resting chondrocytes cultured in MEM differentiation factor-producing medium
- 8-week-old growth supernatant 8-week-old rat-derived resting chondrocytes in MEM growth medium Cultured culture supernatant. Each value was expressed as 1 when only the MEM differentiation factor production medium and only the MEM growth medium were added.
- Fig. 5A shows the culture of chondrocytes derived from articular cartilage in MEM differentiation factor production medium and MEM growth medium, and the culture supernatant was added to mouse C 3 H 10 T 1 Z 2 cells.
- the Al force phosphatase activity is shown.
- 8-week-old differentiation supernatant Culture supernatant of 8-week-old rat-derived articular chondrocytes cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- 8-week-old growth supernatant 8-week-old rat-derived articular chondrocytes in MEM growth medium Culture supernatant. Each value was expressed as 1 when only the MEM differentiation factor production medium and only the MEM growth medium were added.
- Fig. 5B shows alkaline phosphatase activity when chondrocytes derived from the rib / costal cartilage are cultured in HAM differentiation factor production medium and the supernatant is added to mouse C3H1 OT 1Z2 cells and cultured. Indicates.
- the value was 1 when only the HAM differentiation factor production medium was added.
- the supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes derived from the rib / costal cartilage portion in a medium for producing HAM differentiation factor was added, the activity of al-phosphatase increased.
- Fig. 5 C shows alkaline phosphatase when chondrocytes derived from the ribs and costal cartilage are cultured in HAM growth medium and the supernatant is added to mouse C 3H 1 OT 1 2 cells and cultured. Shows activity. The value was 1 when only the HAM growth medium was added. When chondrocytes derived from the rib / costal cartilage portion were cultured in HAM growth medium and supplemented with a supernatant, the activity of alkaline phosphatase did not increase.
- Fig. 6A shows that when chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are cultured using a MEM differentiation factor production medium, this culture supernatant contains 3T3-Swiss salbin. This indicates that there is a factor that increases al force phosphatase activity in BAL B / 3 T3 cells and induces differentiation of these undifferentiated cells into osteoblasts.
- this culture supernatant shows that this factor is not present.
- chondrocytes that do not have hypertrophication ability are cultured using a MEM differentiation factor production medium or a MEM growth medium, it is indicated that these factors are not present in these culture supernatants.
- FIG. 6B shows culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication by adding dexamethasone,] 3-glycose phosphate, ascorbic acid or a combination thereof as a conventional osteoblast differentiation component to the medium, and then culturing the culture supernatant. Shows the activity of phosphatase activity when added to mouse C3H10T1 / 2 cells and cultured.
- D e X dexamethasone
- J3GP / 3—glyce phosphate
- Asc ascorbic acid.
- Fig. 7 A shows the production of MEM differentiation factor by chondrocytes derived from the ribs and costal cartilage.
- Fig. 7B shows a mouse in which chondrocytes derived from ribs and costal cartilage are cultured in a MEM differentiation factor production medium, and a fraction of the supernatant having a molecular weight of 50,000 or more is seeded on hydroxyapatite.
- the results of alkaline phosphatase staining when cultured with C 3H 1 OT 1Z2 cells are shown. Hydroxylpatite was stained red, and it was found that a factor having an activity to increase alkaline phosphatase activity was present in the fraction having a molecular weight of 50,000 or more in the supernatant.
- Fig. 7 C shows that the chondrocytes derived from the ribs and costal cartilage are cultured in the MEM differentiation factor production medium, and the fraction with a molecular weight of less than 50,000 was seeded on a 24-well plate.
- the results of Al force phosphatase staining when added to mouse C3H10T 1/2 cells and cultured are shown.
- the lower left bar is 500.00 / zm.
- Fig. 7D shows a mouse in which chondrocytes derived from ribs / costal cartilage are cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium, and a fraction of this supernatant having a molecular weight of less than 50,000 is seeded on hydroxyapatite.
- the results of alkaline phosphatase staining when added to C3H1 OT 1Z2 cells and cultured are shown. No factor having an activity to increase alkaline phosphatase activity was found in the fraction having a molecular weight of less than 50,000.
- the lower left bar is 500.00 00 ⁇ .
- Fig. 8 shows cultivated chondrocytes collected from ribs and costal cartilage of mice and quiescent chondrocytes collected from costal cartilage in MEM differentiation factor production medium and MEM growth medium, respectively.
- Fig. 4 shows the activity of phosphatase activity when cultured. When chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication were cultured in MEM differentiation factor-producing medium, the activity of phosphatase activity increased 3.1-fold.
- GC differentiation supernatant culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- GC growth supernatant culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in MEM growth medium
- RC Differentiation supernatant culture supernatant obtained by culturing resting chondrocytes in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- RC growth supernatant culture supernatant obtained by culturing resting chondrocytes in MEM growth medium.
- Each value was expressed as 1 when only the MEM differentiation factor production medium and only the MEM growth medium were added.
- FIG. 9 shows the effect of the medium in which undifferentiated cells are cultured on the induction of differentiation of undifferentiated cells into osteoblasts.
- Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy, quiescent chondrocytes, and articular chondrocytes were cultured in a MEM differentiation factor production medium and a MEM growth medium, respectively.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity when each culture supernatant was added to mouse C 3H 10 T 1Z2 cells and cultured was measured.
- HAM medium or MEM medium was used as a medium for culturing mouse C3H10T1Z2 cells.
- HAM medium When HAM medium is used for culturing C3H10T12 cells, the activity of alkaline phosphatase is increased only when the culture supernatant of hypertrophic chondrocytes cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium is added. Admitted. Similar results were obtained when MEM medium was used to culture C3H10 T 1Z2 cells. The following abbreviations indicate the added culture supernatant.
- GC differentiation supernatant culture supernatant in which chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- GC growth supernatant culture supernatant in which chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are cultured in MEM growth medium
- RC differentiation Supernatant Culture supernatant obtained by culturing quiescent chondrocytes in MEM differentiation factor production medium.
- C growth supernatant culture supernatant of resting chondrocytes cultured in MEM growth medium
- AC differentiation supernatant culture supernatant of articular chondrocytes cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- AC proliferation supernatant articular chondrocytes in MEM Culture supernatant cultured in growth medium.
- Each value was expressed as 1 when only the MEM differentiation factor production medium and only the MEM growth medium were added.
- FIG. 10 shows alkaline phosphatase activity when a factor that induces differentiation of undifferentiated cells into osteoblasts produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy is heat-treated.
- the culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in a MEM differentiation factor production medium was heat-treated in boiling water for 3 minutes. Only the culture supernatant without heat treatment, the heat-treated culture supernatant, and the MEM differentiation factor production medium were added to mouse C3H10T12 cells, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured 72 hours later. When the culture supernatant was heat treated, alkaline phosphatase activity did not increase. It was confirmed that a factor having the ability to induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into osteoblasts is thermally denatured (inactivated) by heat treatment. The following abbreviations indicate the added culture supernatant.
- GC heat treatment Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium Culture supernatant obtained by heat treatment, GC differentiation supernatant: chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium Culture supernatant, differentiation supernatant only: MEM differentiation factor production medium only. Each value was expressed as 1 when only the MEM differentiation factor production medium was added.
- Fig. 11A shows the activity of TGF j3 in the supernatant of MEM differentiation factor production medium containing induced osteoblast differentiation inducer.
- Fig. 11 B shows the activity of BMP in the MEM differentiation factor production medium supernatant containing the induced osteoblast differentiation factor.
- test sample solution was attached to a hyperporous hydroxypatite (Abaceram AX filler) and added to mouse C3H1 OT 1Z2 cells cultured for 18 hours. After 72 hours, the apatite was taken out and the alkaline phosphatase activity was measured. The added superporous hydroxyapatite is shown below.
- HApAXGC / differentiated soaking Apataselam AX filler produces hypertrophic chondrocytes HAp AX differentiation medium soaked: Apaceram AX filler attached to MEM differentiation factor production medium; HAp AX only: Apacaselam AX filler alone; differentiation medium only (MEM): MEM differentiation factor production medium only (without apaceram AX filler)
- FIGS. 13A to 13D show composite materials of collagen gel before transplantation and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy.
- Figure 13A shows a HE-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 13B shows a TB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 13C is an AB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Fig. 13D shows an SO-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Fig. 13E is a radiograph of a composite material of collagen gel and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication transplanted subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and the transplant site was excised 4 weeks after transplantation.
- the circular one is a silicon ring embedded to identify the transplant site. Calcification is observed in the center of the ring.
- FIG. 13F is a micro CT image of the same specimen as FIG. 13E.
- the circular one is a silicon ring embedded to identify the implantation site. In the center of the ring, calcification is observed.
- FIG. 14 shows an overall image of a tissue obtained by implanting a composite material of collagen gel and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication under the dorsal skin of the rat, and extracting and staining the transplant site 4 weeks after transplantation.
- Figure 14A shows HE staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 14B shows TB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 14C shows AB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Fig. 14D shows SO staining (magnification lens magnification 35 times field).
- Fig. 15 shows an enlarged view of the tissue image of the composite material of the collagen gel shown in Fig. 13 and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication implanted subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and the transplanted site removed and stained 4 weeks after transplantation (eyepiece) Lens magnification 4x field of view).
- 15A to 15D correspond to FIGS. 14A to 14D.
- Fig. 16 shows an enlarged view of the tissue image of the composite material of collagen gel and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication shown in Fig. 13 transplanted subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and the transplant site removed and stained 4 weeks after transplantation (eyepiece) Lens magnification 10x field of view).
- 16A to 16D correspond to FIGS. 14A to 14D.
- Figures 17A-D show a composite material of alginate before transplantation and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy.
- Figure 17A shows a HE-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Fig. 17B shows a TB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 17C shows an AB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 17D shows an SO-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Fig. 17E shows a radiograph of a composite material of alginic acid and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication subcutaneously transplanted into the back of the rat, and the transplant site removed 4 weeks after transplantation.
- the circular shape is a silicon ring, and calcification is observed in the center.
- Fig. 17 F is a micro CT image of the same sample as Fig. 17E.
- a circular ring is a silicon ring,
- FIG. 18 shows an overall view of a tissue in which a composite material of alginic acid and a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophy is transplanted subcutaneously on the back of a rat, and the transplanted site is removed and stained 4 weeks after transplantation.
- Figure 18A shows HE staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 18B shows TB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 18C shows AB staining (magnifying lens 35x field of view).
- Figure 18D shows SO staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- FIG. 19 shows an enlarged view of the tissue image of the composite material of alginic acid and hypertrophic chondrocytes shown in Fig. 17 that was transplanted subcutaneously to the back of the rat, and the transplant site was excised and stained 4 weeks after transplantation (magnification of the eyepiece) 4x field of view).
- FIGS. 19A to 19D correspond to FIGS. 18A to 18D.
- Fig. 20 shows a tissue image of the composite material of alginic acid and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication shown in Fig. 17 that was transplanted subcutaneously to the back of the rat, and the transplant site was excised and stained 4 weeks after transplantation.
- the enlarged view (eyepiece lens magnification 10 times field of view) is shown.
- Figure 2 OA to 20D correspond to Figure 18A to 18D.
- FIGS. 21A to 21D show composite materials of Matrigel before transplantation and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy.
- Figure 21A shows a HE-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 21B shows a TB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 21C shows an AB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 21D shows a sample with SO staining (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Fig. 21E is a radiograph of a composite material of Matrigel and a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication implanted subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and the transplant site was removed 4 weeks after transplantation. The circular shape is a silicon ring, and calcification is observed in the center.
- FIG. 21F is a micro CT image of the same sample as FIG. 21E.
- a circular ring is a silicon ring, and calcification
- FIG. 22 shows an overall view of a tissue obtained by transplanting a composite material of Matrigel and a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication subcutaneously on the back of a rat, and extracting and staining the transplant site 4 weeks after transplantation.
- Figure 22A shows HE staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 22B shows TB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 22C shows AB staining (magnifying lens 35x field of view).
- Figure 22D shows SO staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Fig. 23 is an enlarged view of the tissue image of the composite of Matrigel and hypertrophic chondrocytes shown in Fig. 22 transplanted subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and 4 weeks after transplantation. 4x field of view). 23A to 23D correspond to FIGS. 22A to 22D.
- FIG. 24 is an enlarged view of the tissue image of the composite material of Matrigel and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication shown in Fig. 22 implanted subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and after 4 weeks of transplantation, the transplanted site was excised and stained (magnification of the eyepiece) 10x field of view).
- 24A to 24D correspond to FIGS. 22A to 22D.
- FIGS. 25A to 25D show a composite material of a collagen gel before transplantation and chondrocytes without hypertrophication ability.
- Figure 25A shows a HE-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 25B shows a TB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- FIG. 25C is an AB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Fig. 25D shows an SO-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- FIG. 25E is a radiograph of a composite material of collagen gel and a chondrocyte that does not have hypertrophication that was transplanted subcutaneously to the back of the rat, and the transplanted site was removed 4 weeks after transplantation.
- a circular ring is a silicon ring, and no calcification is observed in the center.
- Fig. 25F is a micro CT image of the same specimen as Fig. 25E. The circular shape is a silicon ring, and no calcification is observed in the center.
- FIG. 26 shows an overall view of a tissue obtained by transplanting a composite material of collagen gel and non-hypertrophic chondrocytes subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and extracting and staining the transplant site 4 weeks after transplantation.
- Figure 26A shows HE staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 26B shows TB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 26C shows AB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 26D shows SO staining (magnifying lens magnification 35 ⁇ field of view).
- Fig. 27 is an enlarged view of the tissue image of the collagen gel and non-hypertrophic chondrocyte composite material shown in Fig. 26 transplanted subcutaneously to the back of the rat, and the transplanted site removed and stained 4 weeks after transplantation. (Eyepiece magnification 4x field of view).
- FIGS. 27A to 27D correspond to FIGS. 26A to 26D.
- FIGS. 28A-D show a composite material of alginic acid before transplantation and chondrocytes without hypertrophication ability.
- Fig. 28A shows a HE-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 28B is a TB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 2 8C is an AB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- FIG. 28D shows a SO-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20 ⁇ field of view).
- Fig. 28E shows that a composite material of alginic acid and chondrocytes without hypertrophication was implanted subcutaneously in the back of the rat.
- FIG. 28F is a micro CT image of the same specimen as FIG. 28E.
- the circular ring is a silicon ring, and no calcification is observed in the center.
- FIG. 29 shows an overall view of a tissue obtained by transplanting a composite material of alginic acid and a chondrocyte not capable of hypertrophication subcutaneously on the back of a rat, and excising and staining the transplant site 4 weeks after transplantation.
- Figure 29A shows HE staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 29B shows TB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 29C shows AB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 29D shows SO staining (magnification lens magnification 35 times field).
- Fig. 30 shows an enlarged view of the tissue image of the composite material of alginic acid and chondrocytes without hypertrophication shown in Fig. 28, transplanted subcutaneously to the back of the rat, and the transplanted site removed and stained 4 weeks after transplantation ( Eyepiece magnification 4x field of view).
- Figure 3 OA to Figure 30D correspond to Figure 29A to Figure 29D.
- FIGS. 31A-D show a composite material of Matrigel before transplantation and chondrocytes without hypertrophication ability.
- Figure 31A shows a HE-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 31B shows a TB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Fig. 3 1C is an AB-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Figure 31D shows an SO-stained specimen (eyepiece magnification 20x field of view).
- Fig. 31E is a radiograph of a composite material of matrigle and chondrocytes that do not have hypertrophication, which was transplanted subcutaneously to the back of the rat, and the transplant site was removed 4 weeks after transplantation.
- Fig. 31F is a micro CT image of the same specimen as Fig. 31E.
- the circular ring is a silicon ring, and no calcification is observed in the center.
- Figure 32 shows an overview of the tissue stained with Matrigel and a chondrocyte-incompatible chondrocyte grafted subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and after 4 weeks of transplantation, the graft site was removed.
- the Figure 32A shows HE staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 32B shows TB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 32C shows AB staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field of view).
- Figure 32D shows SO staining (magnification lens magnification 35x field).
- Fig. 33 shows a magnified view of the tissue image obtained by transplanting the composite material of matrigel and non-hypertrophic chondrocytes shown in Fig. 31 into the back of the rat, and then extracting and staining the transplant site 4 weeks after transplantation. Eyepiece magnification 4x field of view). 33A to 33D correspond to FIGS. 32A to 32D.
- FIG. 34A shows X-ray images obtained by transplanting only the hydroxypatite subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and then removing the transplanted site 4 weeks after the transplantation.
- the upper left bar is 100 0. 00 jum.
- FIG. 34B is an enlarged view of FIG. 34A (eyepiece lens magnification 20 ⁇ field of view).
- Fig. 34C is an X-ray image obtained by transplanting only the collagen gel subcutaneously in the back of the rat, and then removing the transplanted site 4 weeks after the transplantation.
- FIG. 34D is a micro CT image of the same specimen as FIG. 34C.
- FIG. 34E shows X-ray images obtained by transplanting only alginic acid subcutaneously in the back of the rat, and then removing the transplanted site 4 weeks after transplantation.
- FIG. 34F is a micro CT image of the same specimen as FIG. 34E.
- Fig. 34G is an X-ray image obtained by transplanting only Matrigel subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and removing the transplanted site 4 weeks after the transplantation.
- Fig. 34H is a view of the same specimen as Fig. 34G, taken by microphone-mouth CT.
- the circles in Fig. 34 C to H are silicon rings. It was confirmed that no calcification was observed in all scaffolds.
- FIG. 35A shows rat bone-derived soft bone cells cultured in pellet form (magnification lens magnification 35 ⁇ field of view). An enlarged cell morphology is observed.
- FIG. 35B shows non-hypertrophic soft bone cells derived from rat ribs cultured in pellet form (magnification lens magnification 35 ⁇ field of view). It is observed that chondrocytes that are not capable of hypertrophy are not enlarged.
- Fig. 35C shows rat rat rib-derived hypertrophic chondrocytes cultured in pellet form subcutaneously on the back of the rat. It is the figure which took out the transplanted site later and was taken by X-ray. The circular shape is a silicon ring, and calcification is observed in the center.
- FIG. 35B shows non-hypertrophic soft bone cells derived from rat ribs cultured in pellet form (magnification lens magnification 35 ⁇ field of view). It is observed that chondrocytes that are not capable of hypert
- FIG. 35D is a micro CT image of the same sample as FIG. 35C.
- a circular ring is a silicon ring, and calcification is observed in the center.
- FIG. 35E is a view of X-ray images obtained by transplanting rat cartilage cells derived from rat ribs, which have been cultured in pellet form, into the rat dorsal skin and excising the transplant site 4 weeks after the transplantation. The circular shape is a silicon ring, and no calcification is observed in the center.
- FIG. 35F is a micro CT image of the same sample as FIG. 35E.
- a circular ring is a silicon ring, and no calcification is observed in the center.
- FIG. 36 shows a tissue image in which chondrocytes derived from rat ribs cultured in pellet form and having a hypertrophic potential were transplanted subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and the transplant site was excised and stained 4 weeks after transplantation.
- Figure 36A shows HE staining (eyepiece magnification 4x field of view).
- Figure 36B shows TB staining (eyepiece magnification 4x field of view).
- Figure 36C shows AB staining (eyepiece magnification 4x field of view).
- Figure 36D shows SO staining (eyepiece magnification 4x field).
- FIG. 37 shows an enlarged view of the tissue image obtained by transplanting the rat rib bone-derived hypertrophic chondrocytes cultured in the form of pellets shown in Fig. 35 under the skin of the back of the rat, and extracting and staining the transplant site 4 weeks after transplantation. (Eyepiece magnification 10x field of view).
- FIGS. 37A to 37D correspond to FIGS. 36A to 36D.
- FIG. 38 shows a tissue image obtained by implanting rat bone-derived soft bone cells derived from rat ribs, which are cultured in a pellet form, subcutaneously on the back of the rat, and excising and staining the transplant site 4 weeks after transplantation.
- Figure 38A shows HE staining (eyepiece magnification 4x field of view).
- Figure 3 8B shows TB staining (eyepiece magnification 4x field of view).
- Figure 38C shows AB staining (eyepiece magnification 4x field of view).
- Figure 38D shows SO staining (eyepiece magnification 4x field of view).
- Fig. 39 (1) shows an unstrengthened mesenchymal stem cell supplemented with a supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in a factor-producing medium (differentiation medium containing the factor) and stained with al force phosphatase. It is a photograph. It was confirmed that human undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells were stained red.
- Fig. 39 (2) shows that (2) MEM differentiation factor production medium only; medium not containing the factor according to the present invention but containing dexamethasone (Ma niatopoorus osteoblast differentiation medium) is added to the undifferentiated human mesenchymal system. It is a photograph of stem cells stained with alkaline phosphatase.
- Fig. 4 OA is a photograph of 4 weeks after transplantation of a concentrated lyophilized product of the factor to a femur defect and a collagen gel composite material.
- FIG. 40B is a photograph of 4 weeks after transplanting only collagen gel into the femur defect.
- Figure 41A shows the results after 4 weeks of implantation in a bone defect with a diameter of 3. Omm made in the rat femur.
- the left column shows the result of transplanting only the collagen gel
- the right column shows the result of transplanting the composite material composed of the concentrated lyophilized product of the factor and collagen gel according to the present invention.
- Samples were removed 4 weeks after transplantation and fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). This sample was photographed with a micro CT scanner.
- the microphone CT used was a SKY SCAN 1 1 72 high-resolution X-ray micro CT scanner manufactured by Toyo Tech Niriki Co., Ltd. After shooting, reconstruction was performed using the reconstruction software NR econ that came with the scanner.
- FIG. 4 IB shows the results of HE staining of the 41 A sample. After micro CT imaging in Fig. 41 A, degreasing and decalcification were performed, embedded in paraffin, sliced specimens were prepared, and HE staining was performed.
- the left figure is an HE specimen transplanted only with a collagen gel
- the right figure is an HE specimen transplanted with a composite material comprising a freeze-dried product of the factor and a collagen gel.
- a vigorous bone formation image is examined.
- Figure 42A shows the results after 4 weeks after the bone defect created in the femur was transplanted into a bone defect with a diameter of 2.5 mm.
- the left column is the result of transplanting only the collagen gel
- the right column is the result of transplanting the composite material composed of the concentrated lyophilized product of the factor and collagen gel.
- Samples were removed 4 weeks after transplantation and fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). This sample was photographed with a micro CT scanner.
- the micro CT used a SKY SCAN 1 1 72 high-resolution X-ray micro CT scanner manufactured by Toyo Corporation. After shooting, the image was reconstructed using the reconstruction software NRecon provided with the scanner.
- this reconstructed image was visualized using 3D volume rendering software VGS studio Max (Japan Visual Science Co., Ltd.).
- the top row is a tomographic image of the center of the graft reconstructed and visualized after micro-CT, and a horizontal tomogram of the femur.
- the lower row is a stereo image of the same part.
- FIG. 42B is the result of HE staining of the sample 42A.
- degreasing and decalcification were performed, embedded in paraffin, thin slices were prepared, and HE-stained.
- the right figure HE specimen transplanted with a composite material consisting of a freeze-dried factor and collagen gel according to the present invention
- has better bone defect repair than the left figure HE specimen transplanted only with collagen gel. Is examined.
- composite material refers to a material containing cells and a scaffold.
- bone defect includes bone tumors, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, osteonecrosis, and other lesions; bone fixation, intervertebral dilation, and osteotomy Orthopedic surgery; including, but not limited to, trauma such as complex fractures and bone defects caused by iliac bone harvesting.
- promotion of bone formation means that when bone formation has already occurred, the targeted change increases the speed of bone formation.
- Induction of bone formation means that bone formation occurs when the desired change is made when bone formation has not occurred.
- “Repair” of a bone defect means that the defect becomes healthy or approaches.
- the “size that cannot be repaired only by fixation” refers to a size that requires the use of implants and bone grafting materials.
- growth cartilage cell refers to a cell in a tissue that forms bone (that is, growing cartilage) in the developmental stage or growth stage and in the fracture repair stage or bone growth stage.
- the tissue that forms bone during the growth period is generally called growth cartilage, but in this specification, it is referred to as developmental stage, growth period, bone growth stage, or fracture repair stage. It means the tissue that forms bone.
- Growing chondrocytes are also referred to as hypertrophic (chemical) chondrocytes, calcified chondrocytes, or epiphyseal (line) chondrocytes. When growing chondrocytes are used for humans, these growing chondrocytes are preferably derived from humans. However, since well-known techniques can overcome problems such as rejection, they can also be used for cells derived from other than humans. it can.
- the growing chondrocytes in the present invention are derived from a mammal, preferably human, mouse, rat or rabbit.
- the growing chondrocytes include the osteochondral transition part of the radius, the femur, the tibia, the radius, the humerus, the epiphyseal part of the long bones such as the ulna and the radius, the epiphyseal part of the vertebra, the hand bone, the foot It can be taken from growing cartilage bands such as bone and sternum, perichondrium, bone primordia formed from fetal cartilage, callus at the time of fracture healing, and cartilage at the stage of bone growth.
- These growing chondrocytes can be prepared, for example, by the methods described in the examples herein.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy refers to cells capable of hypertrophy in the future.
- the chondrocytes having the potential for hypertrophy include any cells that have the potential for hypertrophy according to the method for determining the “hypertrophic potential” defined below in this specification, in addition to naturally-occurring “growing cartilage cells”. .
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication in the present invention are derived from mammals, preferably human, mouse, rat or rabbit.
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication are preferably derived from humans, but problems such as rejection can be overcome by well-known techniques. Cells derived from other than humans can also be used.
- the cartilage cells having the hypertrophication ability in the present invention include, for example, the osteochondral transition portion of the radius, the femur, the tibia, the radius, the humerus, the epiphyseal portion of the long bones such as the ulna and the radius, and the epiphysis of the vertebra It can be taken from growing cartilage bands such as wire, hand bones, foot bones and sternum, perichondrium, bone base formed from fetal cartilage, callus at the time of fracture healing, and cartilage at the time of bone growth.
- Chondrocytes can also be obtained by inducing differentiation of undifferentiated cells.
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication in the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned site, but may be collected from any location. This is because bones formed by endochondral ossification (endochondral ossification) are all formed by the same mechanism regardless of the body part. That is, cartilage is formed and replaced with bone. Most bones in the body except for the skull and clavicle are formed by this endochondral ossification (endochondral ossification). Therefore, most bones of the body except for the skull and clavicle have chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication, and these cells have the ability to perform bone formation.
- endochondral ossification endochondral ossification
- Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication are characterized by morphological enlargement.
- “hypertrophy” can be morphologically determined with a speculum. Cell hypertrophy is observed following the proliferative layer when the cells are arranged in a columnar arrangement, and is larger than the surrounding cells when the cells are not arranged in a columnar arrangement.
- the pellet of the cell is prepared by centrifuging the HAM, s F 1 2 culture solution containing 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells, and the cell pellet is cultured for a certain period of time and confirmed under a microscope.
- the size of the cells before culturing is compared with the size of the cells after culturing, and when significant growth is confirmed, it is determined that the cells have the ability to enlarge.
- stationary chondrocytes refers to cartilage located in a part of the costal cartilage away from the rib transition part (growth cartilage part), and is a tissue that exists as cartilage throughout life. Cells in the resting cartilage portion are called resting chondrocytes.
- articular chondrocyte refers to a cell in the cartilage tissue (articular cartilage) existing on the joint surface.
- chondrocytes are at least 1 selected from the group consisting of type II collagen, cartilage type proteoglycan (adalican) or a component thereof, hyaluronic acid, type IX collagen, type XI collagen or codromodulin as a marker. It is determined by confirming that one is expressed.
- cells capable of hypertrophication are further classified into type X collagen, alkaline phosphatase- And at least one selected from the group consisting of osteonectin is determined. Chondrocytes that do not express any of type X collagen, alkaline phosphatase or osteonetatin are determined to have no hypertrophic ability.
- At least one selected from the chondrocyte marker group and cartilage capable of hypertrophication are morphologically hypertrophied, at least one selected from the chondrocyte marker group and cartilage capable of hypertrophication. It can also be determined by confirming that at least one selected from the cell marker group is expressed. Markers are specific staining methods, immunohistochemical methods, insitu hybridization methods, Western blotting methods or PCR methods that analyze proteins or RNA extracted from cultured cells. Or expression is identified.
- the term “chondrocyte marker” refers to a chondrocyte whose localization or expression assists in identifying chondrocytes.
- the cartilage by its localization or expression (for example, the localization or expression of type II collagen, cartilage-type proteodarican (aglican) or components thereof, hyaluronic acid, type IX collagen, type XI collagen or codromodulin) It can be identified as a cell.
- the “chondrocyte marker capable of hypertrophy” refers to a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication whose localization or expression assists in identifying chondrocytes.
- chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication by its localization or expression (for example, localization or expression of type X collagen, alkaline phosphatase or osteonectin).
- localization or expression for example, localization or expression of type X collagen, alkaline phosphatase or osteonectin.
- “cartilage-type proteodarican” means that a large number of darcosaminodarlicans such as chondroitin 4 sulfate, chondroitin 6 sulfate, keratan sulfate, 0-linked oligosaccharide, N-linked oligosaccharide are bound to the core protein. Refers to the polymer.
- This cartilage-type proteodarican further binds to hyaluronic acid via a link protein to form a cartilage-type proteodarican aggregate.
- Darukosami in cartilage tissue Noglycan is abundant and accounts for 20 to 40% of the dry weight.
- Cartilage proteoglycans are also called aggrecan.
- bone-type proteodarican has a molecular weight smaller than that of cartilage-type proteodarican, and the core protein is darcosaminoda such as chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, O-linked oligosaccharide, N-linked oligosaccharide, etc.
- Darcosaminodarican in bone tissue is less than 1% of the dry weight of demineralized bone.
- the bone-type proteodalycan include decorin and biglycan.
- osteoblast refers to a cell that is present on the bone matrix and that forms and mineralizes the bone matrix. Osteoblasts are 20 to 30 ⁇ , and are cubic or columnar cells. As used herein, osteoblasts can include “pre-osteoblasts” which are precursor cells of osteoblasts.
- Osteoblasts are markers for type I collagen, bone type proteodaricans (eg decorin, biglycan), alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, substrate G 1 a protein, osteoglycin, osteopontin, bone sialic acid protein, osteonetin or It is determined by expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of pleiomorphic fins (P 1 eiotrophin).
- P 1 eiotrophin pleiomorphic fins
- osteoblast marker refers to an osteoblast cell whose localization or expression assists in identifying the osteoblast cell.
- Localization or expression eg type I collagen, bone type proteodaricans (eg decorin, biglycan), alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, substrate
- G 1a protein, osteoglycin, osteopontin, bone sialic acid protein, osteonetin, or pleiomouth fin can be identified as an osteoblast.
- Osteoglycine is also called osteoinductive factor (OIF).
- Osteopontin is also called BSP-I, 2ar.
- Bone sialic acid protein is also called BSP-II.
- Pleotomouth fin is also called osteob last specific protein (OSF-l), osteoblast-specific factor-1.
- Osteonectin is also called SPARC. B-40.
- osteoblasts and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication identify osteoblasts and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication as positive, Is it positive for a marker that identifies chondrocytes as negative, positive for osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and positive for markers that identify hypertrophic chondrocytes as negative?
- chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication In order to identify a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication, it is necessary to indicate that only a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication is positive as a positive marker; Is positive with a marker that distinguishes chondrocytes as negative and is positive with a marker that distinguishes chondrocytes and chondrocytes that have hypertrophication ability as positive and osteoblasts as negative Is positive for a marker that distinguishes between chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication and osteoblasts as positive, and also identifies chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication as negative and positive for osteoblasts. Marker that shows negative with a marker to identify; or What is necessary is to indicate that a chondrocyte positive in a car and having a hypertrophic ability is identified as negative and negative in a marker that identifies chondrocytes as positive.
- chondrocyte In order to certify that it is a chondrocyte (not capable of hypertrophication), indicate whether it is positive with a marker that identifies only chondrocyte as positive; discriminate chondrocyte and osteoblast as positive and enlarge Positive for a marker that discriminates chondrocytes having the ability to be negative, and positive for a marker that distinguishes chondrocytes and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication as positive and distinguishes osteoblasts as negative Whether it is positive with a marker that identifies chondrocytes and osteoblasts as positive, and negative with a marker that identifies chondrocytes as negative and identifies osteoblasts as positive; Or positive for a marker that identifies chondrocytes and hypertrophic chondrocytes as positive, and negative for a marker that identifies chondrocytes negative and identifies chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy as positive Show me things .
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication, osteoblasts and induced osteoblasts, for example, combinations of cell markers listed in the following table can be used.
- chondrocytes, chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication, and osteoblasts can be distinguished from each other by observing cell morphology and various staining in addition to the marker.
- Chondrocytes are a group of several cells under the microscope, cells that show metachromatism with acid toluidine blue staining, blue with Alcian blue staining, red with safranin 0 staining, and no Al force phosphatase staining It is.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication are observed following the proliferative layer when the cells are arranged in a columnar shape and show a larger state than the proliferative layer cells, and when the cells are not arranged in a columnar shape, It is a cell that shows a larger state compared to the surrounding cells, acid toluidine blue staining, metachromatism, alcian blue staining blue, safranin 0 staining red, and al force phosphatase staining.
- Osteoblasts are cells having a cubic or cylindrical shape of 20 to 30 ⁇ and exhibiting alkaline phosphatase activity.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is as follows: i) Sample 100 1 containing 50 mg / l of 4 mg m 1 p-nitrotrophic phosphate solution in alkaline buffer
- This alkaline phosphatase activity can also be achieved by adding A) to sample 100 // 1 with 50 ⁇ l of a solution containing 4 mg Zm 1 of p-nitrotrophyl phosphate and an alkaline buffer (Sigma, A9226) at 37 ° C For 15 minutes, and measure the absorbance at 405 nm when the reaction is stopped by adding 50 ⁇ l of IN NaOH and then adding 20 ⁇ l of concentrated hydrochloric acid. ; And B) It is determined by the process of calculating the difference in absorbance before and after the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
- This difference in absorbance is an indicator of the alkaline phosphatase activity, and it is judged that the activity is indicated when the relative value of the difference in absorbance is increased by at least about 1-fold.
- a solution with a p-nitrophenol concentration of 0 to 1 O mM was prepared, its absorbance was measured, the horizontal axis represents the concentration, the vertical axis represents the absorbance, and these values were approximated by a linear line. Is a calibration curve. The absolute value from the absorbance can be calculated from this calibration curve.
- the “induced osteoblast” refers to a cell derived from an undifferentiated cell by the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor according to the present invention.
- This induced osteoblast is obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication in a differentiation factor production medium containing at least one selected from the group consisting of darcocorticoid,] 3-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid.
- It can be produced by a method comprising culturing undifferentiated cells in a cell culture medium under conditions sufficient for induction into induced osteoblasts.
- the induced osteoblasts described above are also: A) Induced osteoblasts obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in a differentiation factor production medium containing dexamethasone, ⁇ -glycose phosphate, ascorbic acid and serum components.
- induced osteoblast marker refers to an induced osteoblast whose localization or expression assists in identifying the induced osteoblast. For example, it can be identified as an induced osteoblast by its localization or expression.
- induced osteoblasts are Localization or expression of Kerr (eg type I collagen, bone type proteodaricans (eg decorin, biglycan), alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, substrate G 1 a protein, osteoglycin, osteopontin, bone sialic acid protein, osteonetatin Alternatively, it can be confirmed that the osteoblast is an induced osteoblast by the localization or expression of the pleiomouth fin.
- differentiation induction refers to a process of development of a state of a part of an organism such as a cell, tissue or organ, which induces formation of a characteristic tissue or organ. “Differentiation” and “Differentiation induction” are mainly related to embryology and developmental biology.
- induced osteoblast differentiation inducing ability means an undifferentiated cell, preferably an embryonic stem (ES) cell, an embryonic germ (EG) cell or a somatic stem cell, more preferably The ability to induce differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the induced osteoblasts of the present invention.
- An induced osteoblast marker for example, alkaline phosphatase
- the factors used in the present invention are those that are applied to mesenchymal stem cells when exposed to C 3 H 10 T 1/2 cells in Eagle basal medium or in minimal essential medium (MEM).
- the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of each cell is compared with the case where each cell is cultured in each medium not containing the factor. Induced bone when raised at least about .1 times higher It is judged to have the ability to induce blast differentiation.
- ALP alkaline phosphatase
- This alkaline phosphatase activity is: A) a sample with or without the factor, 100 ⁇ l, each containing 50 ⁇ l of 4 mg m 1 of p-dinitrophenyl phosphate and alkaline buffer (Sigma, A9 2 2 6) was added and reacted at 37 ° C for 15 minutes, and the absorbance when the reaction was stopped by adding 50 / X 1 INN a OH, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid 2 Measuring the absorbance at 400 nm when 0 ⁇ 1 is added; and B) calculating the difference in absorbance before and after the addition of the concentrated hydrochloric acid, wherein the difference in absorbance is calculated as the alkali difference.
- the factor used in the present invention is that this factor is applied to mesenchymal stem cells when C 3 H 10 T 1Z2 cells are exposed to C 3 H 10 T 1Z2 cells in Eagle's basal medium or in minimal essential medium (MEM). When exposed, it is judged to have the ability to induce induced osteoblast differentiation when the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of each cell (for example, alkaline phosphatase activity in the whole cell) is increased.
- ALP alkaline phosphatase
- This alkaline phosphatase activity is expressed as follows: A) Samples with or without the factor, 100 ⁇ l, each containing 50 ⁇ l of 4 mg Zm 1 p--trophenylphosphate and alkaline buffer (Sigma, A9 2 2 6) was added, allowed to react for 15 minutes at 37 ° C, and the absorbance when the reaction was stopped by adding 50 ⁇ l of INN aOH, followed by 2 concentrations of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
- This alkaline phosphatase activity is conventionally used as an index of bone formation, and it was generally judged that bone formation was promoted when alkaline phosphatase activity increased. (Tatsuo Suda, “Bone formation and bone resorption and their regulator 1”, Yodogawa Shoten Co., Ltd., March 30, 1995, p. 39-44).
- induced osteoblast differentiation against undifferentiated cells eg, embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hepatic stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, etc.
- “Inducibility” refers to the ability to induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation-inducing ability may include the ability to induce induced osteoblasts to differentiate undifferentiated cells that are not induced to differentiate by dalcocorticoids, 3-glycose mouth phosphate and ascorbic acid. Induced osteoblast differentiation-inducing ability is achieved by the target cell, 1.25 x 10 4 cells / cm 2 in a 24-well plate
- undifferentiated cell refers to a cell that has not yet undergone terminal differentiation, or a cell that can still be differentiated.
- undifferentiated cells can be stem cells (eg, embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells or somatic stem cells), eg, mesenchymal stem cells.
- undifferentiated cells include all cells in the differentiation pathway, such as C3H10T 1/2 cells, ATDC5 cells, 3T 3—Swis s albino cells, BALB / 3T3 cells, N I H 3 T 3 cells,
- PT—2501 may be primary rat bone marrow derived stem cells. These cells are sold not only by Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma but also domestic and overseas sales companies (Sanko Junyaku Cosmo Bio, Takara Bio, Toyobo, Sumisho Pharma Biomedical, Cambrex, StemCell Technology, Invitrogen And cell banks.
- the undifferentiated cells used in the present invention may be any cells as long as differentiation into induced osteoblasts can be achieved.
- the undifferentiated cells used in the present invention are: It may be a cell derived from a mammal (eg, human, rat, mouse, rabbit, etc.). These may include, for example, mesenchymal stem cells collected from rat bone marrow.
- the “stem cell” refers to a cell having a self-replicating ability and having pluripotency (that is, pluripotency) (“pluripot enC y”).
- stem cells are usually able to regenerate the tissue when it is damaged.
- the stem cells may be embryonic stem (ES) cells, embryonic reproductive (EG) stem cells or somatic stem cells (also referred to as tissue stem cells or tissue-specific stem cells), but are not limited thereto.
- an artificially produced cell for example, a fusion cell described herein, a reprogrammed cell, etc.
- a stem cell can also be a stem cell.
- Embryonic stem cells refer to pluripotent stem cells derived from early embryos. Embryonic stem cells were first established in 1980 and have been applied to the production of knockout mice since 1898. In 1980, human embryonic stem cells were established and are being used in regenerative medicine. Embryonic germ stem cells are cells that are thought to be dedifferentiated and formed by exposure of primordial germ cells to specific environmental factors. Some of these properties are also retained. Somatic stem cells, unlike embryonic stem cells, are cells that are present in tissues, have a lower level of pluripotency than embryonic stem cells, and have a limited direction of differentiation. In general, stem cells have an undifferentiated intracellular structure, a high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, and a small number of organelles. As used herein, the stem cell may preferably be a mesenchymal stem cell, although other somatic stem cells, embryonic germ cells or embryonic stem cells may be used depending on the situation.
- Somatic stem cells can be divided into, for example, the skin system, digestive system, myeloid system, and nervous system.
- cutaneous somatic stem cells include epidermal stem cells and hair follicle stem cells.
- somatic stem cells of the digestive system include stem cells and hepatic stem cells.
- Myeloid somatic stem cells include hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells And so on.
- somatic stem cells of the nervous system include neural stem cells and retinal stem cells.
- Cells can be classified into stem cells derived from ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm by origin.
- Cells derived from ectoderm are mainly present in the brain and include neural stem cells.
- Cells derived from mesoderm are mainly present in the bone marrow and include hemangioblasts, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and the like.
- Endoderm-derived cells are mainly present in internal organs, and include liver stem cells and stem cells.
- mesenchymal stem cell refers to a stem cell found in mesenchymal tissue.
- mesenchymal tissues include, but are not limited to, bone marrow, fat, vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, myocardium, skeletal muscle, cartilage, bone, and ligament.
- the mesenchymal stem cells can typically be stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, synovial tissue, muscle tissue, peripheral blood, placental tissue, menstrual blood or umbilical cord blood (preferably bone marrow).
- growth medium refers to basal medium, antibiotics (eg, benicillin and streptomycin), antibacterial agents (eg, amphotericin B) and serum components (eg, human serum, ushi serum, ushiki A medium containing fetal serum). Typically, about 0 to 20% of serum components can be added.
- MEM minimum essential medium
- HAM Ham's F 1 2 medium
- the term “differentiation factor-producing medium” refers to a conventional osteoblast differentiation-inducing component selected from the group consisting of a basal medium, and consisting of dalcocorticoid,] 3-glyceport phosphate and ascorbic acid.
- the differentiation factor production medium may contain at least one conventional osteoblast differentiation component selected from the group consisting of i3-glycose mouth phosphate and ascorbic acid.
- the differentiation factor production medium may contain all of darcocorticoid,] 3-glycose phosphate and ascorbic acid as conventional osteoblast differentiation components.
- the factor i medium is the minimum essential medium (M EM) and contain all of 3-glycephosphate and ascorbic acid as conventional osteoblast differentiation components.
- the “differentiation factor production medium” may further contain a serum component (eg, human serum, urine serum, urchin fetal serum). Typically, about 0 to 20% of serum components can be added. More preferably, the differentiation factor production medium may contain darcocorticoid,) 3-glyce mouth phosphate, iscorubic acid and serum components.
- MEM minimum essential medium
- H AM s F 1 2 medium
- This differentiation factor production medium itself contains C 3 H 10 T 1/2 cells, 3 T 3—Swissa 1 bino cells, Ba 1 b 3 T 3 cells, and NIH 3 T 3 cells as osteoblasts. No ability to induce differentiation has been found. Therefore, it is considered that the factor according to the present invention is different from the components contained in the differentiation factor-producing medium.
- conventional osteoblast differentiation component refers to Maniatopoulos et al. “Masatopouos os, C et al: Bone formation in vitro by stromal cells obtained from bone Cell Tissue Res, 254: 317-330, 1988.), since then, a component that has been used to induce osteoblast differentiation from bone marrow cells, a darcocorticoid, j3— It is a combination of glyce mouth phosphate and ascorbic acid.
- darcocorticoid is a corticosteroid and is a general term for steroid hormones involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
- Darcocorticoid is also known as a component for inducing differentiation of bone marrow cells into osteoblasts (Maniatopou los, C ⁇ Bone iormation in vitro by stromal cells obtained from bone mar row of young adult rats. Cell Tissue Res , 254: 317-330, 1988.) Force The effect of inducing differentiation on the above cells is not known.
- Darcocorticoids are also called glucocorticoids.
- dexamethasone betamethasone, prednisolone, prednisone, cortisone, cortisol, corticosterone, etc.
- dexamethasone is used.
- Chemically synthesized substances having the same action as natural darcocorticoids may also be included.
- Glucocorticoid can be included in the differentiation factor production medium at a concentration of 0.1 nM to 1 OmM, and preferably at a concentration of 10 to 100 nM.
- “-glycose phosphate” is a generic name for salts of glycephosphate (C 3 H 5 (OH) 2 OP0 3 H 2 ) in which the phosphate group is bonded to the 3-position.
- the salt include calcium salt and sodium salt.
- 3-glyceose phosphate is a component that induces bone marrow cells to differentiate into osteoblasts. (Maniatopoulos, C et al. Ceil Tissue Res, 2 54: 317-330, 1988.) Force The effect of inducing differentiation on the above cells is not known.
- 3-Glycete phosphate is a factor that has the activity of inducing differentiation of C 3H10 T1Z2 cells into osteoblasts when used together with darcocorticoid and ascorbic acid in the culture of hypertrophic chondrocytes.
- any of them can be contained in the differentiation factor production medium.
- Glyceal phosphate may be included in the differentiation factor production medium at a concentration of 0.1 lmM to 1M, preferably at a concentration of 1 OmM.
- ascorbic acid is a white, crystalline, water-soluble vitamin and is contained in many plants, particularly citrus fruits. Also called vitamin C. Ascorbic acid is also known as a component for inducing differentiation of bone marrow cells into osteoblasts (Maniatopoulos, Shira: Bone iormation in vitro by stromal cells obta ined from bone marrow of young adult rats. Cell Tissue Res, 254 3iJ— 330,. 1988.) I The effect of inducing differentiation on the above cells is not known. In the present invention, ascorbic acid may include ascorbic acid and its derivatives.
- ascorbic acid examples include L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid sodium, L-ascorbic acid palmitic acid ester, L-ascorbic acid stearic acid ester, L-ascorbic acid 2-darcoside, ascornolic acid phosphate magnesium, Including, but not limited to, ascorbic acid darcoside. Chemical synthetic substances having the same action as natural ascorbic acid may also be included. These representative ascorbic acids, together with darcocorticoid and i3-glycerophosphate, differentiate C 3 H 10 T 1 Z 2 cells into osteoblasts when used to culture hypertrophic chondrocytes.
- any of them can be included in the differentiation factor production medium in the present invention.
- Ascorbic acid can be included in the differentiation factor production medium at a concentration of 0.1 ⁇ g Zm 1 to 5 mg / m 1, preferably at a concentration of 10 to 50 ⁇ g Zm 1. is there.
- the present invention provides a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo.
- This composite material can be obtained by culturing A) chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication in a medium containing at least one selected from the group consisting of darcocorticoid, monoglycose phosphate and ascorbic acid. An induced osteoblast differentiation factor, and B) a biocompatible scaffold. -.
- the present invention provides a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo.
- This composite material is: A) Induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor obtained as a result of culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication in a differentiation factor producing medium containing dexamethasone, monoglycerin phosphate, and ascorbic acid serum component, And B) may include a biocompatible scaffold.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation-inducing factor comprises (1) a force that can be present in a culture medium in which the hypertrophic chondrocytes are cultured, or (2) a chondrocyte having the hypertrophicity.
- the cultured supernatant can be present in a fraction having a molecular weight of 50, 00 or more obtained by subjecting it to ultrafiltration with a molecular weight of 50, 00.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducer used in the present invention may be enriched.
- concentration means a state in which the concentration is increased.
- This induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor may be one or more times concentrated.
- the supernatant may be concentrated more than twice.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor that can be used in the present invention can be, but is not limited to, a solid (eg, lyophilized). Because if the scaffold is a solution, it can become liquid by contacting with the scaffold. In addition, when the scaffold is a solid, it may be made into a solution using a solvent in order to make sufficient contact.
- “freeze-dried” means a state in which an aqueous solution is frozen and dried by directly sublimating moisture with a vacuum apparatus in the frozen state.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor can be attached to the biocompatible scaffold.
- adhered means that things do not stick and stick together.
- the state in which the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor and the biocompatible scaffold are attached means that the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor and the biocompatible scaffold are brought into contact with each other. Fine bone This refers to the state in which the vesicle inducer does not leave on the surface or internal pores of the biocompatible scaffold (eg, adsorbed, impregnated, dipped, adhered, adhered, stuck, etc.).
- contact means that an object touches or touches.
- Contacting an induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor and a biocompatible scaffold means contacting the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor to the extent that it adheres to the biocompatible scaffold.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor in the composite material of the present invention, can be dispersed in the biocompatible scaffold.
- the state in which the induced osteoblast differentiation factor and the biocompatible scaffold are dispersed may be a state in which the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is distributed in one or more places.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is, for example, on a surface of a biocompatible scaffold, a region in the internal pore of the biocompatible scaffold, or the like. Can be attached or dispersed.
- the biocompatible scaffold used in the composite material of the present invention may be a gel-like scaffold or a three-dimensional scaffold, but is not limited thereto. This is because any agent can be used as long as it adheres or disperses, or can adhere or disperse.
- the biocompatible scaffold used in the composite material of the present invention is, for example, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, alumina, zirconia, apatite-wollastonite precipitated glass, gelatin, collagen, chitin, Fibrin, hyaluronic acid, extracellular matrix mixture, silk, cellulose, dextrane, agarose, agar, synthetic polypeptide, polylactic acid, polyleucine, alginic acid, polydaricholic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polycyanoacrylate, polyacrylonitrile , Polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, nylon, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. Because the factor adheres or disperses Anything can be used as long as it can be attached or dispersed or dispersed.
- the biocompatible scaffold is, for example, porous hydroxyabatite (for example, HOYA's apatacelam porosity 50%, etc.), superporous hydroxyapatite (for example, HOYA's apatacelam pores) 85%, BD 3D threshold, etc.), apatite collagen mixture (for example, a mixture of HOYA apatacelam granules and Nitta Gelatin collagen gel), apatite collagen complex (for example, , HOYA Abacola, etc.), collagen gel (eg, Nitta Gelatin, etc.), collagen sponge (eg, Nitta Gelatin, etc.), gelatin sponge (eg, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical hemostatic gelatin sponge, etc.) , Firinger (for example, Nipro's Veriplast P), synthetic peptide (for example, 3D matrix) Bramax, etc.), extracellular matrix mixture (for example, Matrigel, manufactured by BD), alginic acid (for example, alg
- the biocompatible scaffold may be hydroxyabatite, collagen, alginic acid, a mixture of laminin, collagen IV, and enteractin.
- the medium used for culturing cartilage cells capable of hypertrophy in the composite material of the present invention is a darcocorticoid (eg, Dexamethasone, prednisolone, prednisone, conoretisone, betamethasone, conoletisone, conoleticosterone), ⁇ -glyce phosphate, and ascorbic acid.
- this medium comprises J3-glycose phosphate and ascorbic acid.
- this medium contains all of the darcocorticoid, 3-glycose phosphate and ascorbic acid.
- This medium can also contain, for example, transforming growth factor i3 (TGF- ⁇ ), osteogenic factor (BMP), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), colony-stimulating factor (CSF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) ), Other components such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the like.
- TGF- ⁇ transforming growth factor i3
- BMP osteogenic factor
- LIF leukemia inhibitory factor
- CSF colony-stimulating factor
- IGF insulin-like growth factor
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- PRP platelet rich plasma
- PDGF platelet derived growth factor
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- Examples of the medium used for culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in the composite material of the present invention include, for example, HAM's F 1 2 (HamF 1 2), Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), minimum essential medium (MEM), ⁇ , basal basal medium ( ⁇ ), modified medium of Fitton-Jackson (BG Jb), but are not limited thereto.
- This medium may contain a substance that promotes cell proliferation and differentiation induction. No ability to induce differentiation of C 3H 10 T 12 cells, 3 T 3—Swis s albino cells, and B a 1 b / 3 T 3 cells into osteoblasts has been found in this medium.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is mixed with a collagen solution in a lyophilized state, and the medium comprises a minimum essential medium (MEM) as a basic component. It may also contain darcocorticoide,] 3-glycephosphate and ascorbic acid.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation-inducing factor is attached or dispersed on a hydroxyapatite cocoon, and the medium includes a minimal essential medium (MEM) as a basic component. Further, it may contain darcocorticoid,] 3-glycephosphate and ascorbic acid.
- the composite material of the present invention repairs or treats a bone defect.
- a bone defect Can be used in bone formation.
- Such bone defects include, for example, bone tumors, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis; bone fixation, vertebral dilation, and osteotomy Orthodontic surgery; trauma such as complex fractures and bone defects caused by iliac bone harvesting, but are not limited to these.
- the defect may have a size that cannot be repaired only by fixation.
- the composite material of the present invention may be used in bone formation to form bone at sites where there is no bone around it.
- bone-free areas include, but are not limited to, subcutaneous, soft tissues such as muscle and fat, digestive organs, respiratory organs, urinary organs, genital organs, endocrine organs, vascular vessels, nerves, and sensory organs. .
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor used in the present invention is compared to the case where C 3H 1 OT 12 cells are exposed to C 3H 1 OT 12 cells in Eagle basal medium and cultured in Eagle basal medium not containing the factor. And has the ability to increase the Al force phosphatase (ALP) activity of C 3H1 OT 1Z2 cells (eg, alkaline phosphatase activity in this whole cell) by at least about 1 fold, A) To 100 ⁇ 1 sample with or without the factor, add 50 ⁇ l each of a solution containing 4 mgZm 1 of p-diphenylphenol phosphate and an alkaline buffer (Sigma, A9226). Incubate for 15 minutes at ° C.
- ALP Al force phosphatase
- the difference in absorbance is an indication of the alkaline phosphatase activity is determined Te cowpea the process.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is at least 2 times, at least 3 times, at least 4 times, at least 5 times, at least 6 times, at least 7 times, at least 8 times, at least 9 times, at least 10 times, at least 11 times Show at least a 12-fold or at least 13-fold increase.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor used in the present invention is also a C3H1 OT1Z2 cell alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (eg, this cell) when the factor is exposed to C3H10T12 cells in Eagle basal medium.
- ALP alkaline phosphatase
- alkaline phosphatase activity in total is: A) 100 ⁇ l of sample with or without the factor, 4 ⁇ g / m When the reaction was stopped by adding a solution containing 1-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and Al-Force Rebuffer (Sigma, A9226), reacting at 37 ° C for 15 minutes, and adding 50 N of 1 N NaOH Measuring the absorbance at 405 nm after adding 20 ⁇ l of concentrated hydrochloric acid; and B) calculating the difference between the absorbance before and after the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid, The difference in absorbance is It is determined by the process, which is an indicator of the alkaline phosphatase activity.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is at least 2 times, at least 3 times, at least 4 times, at least 5 times, at least 6 times, at least 7 times, at least 8 times, at least 9 times, at least 10 times, at least 1 1-fold, at least 12-fold or at least 13-fold increase.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducer used in the composite material of the present invention may be a solid (preferably, lyophilized), but is not limited thereto. Because if the scaffold is a solution, it can become liquid by contacting with the scaffold. In addition, when the scaffold is a solid, it may be made into a solution using a solvent in order to make sufficient contact.
- a “factor, agent” may be any substance or other element that can achieve an intended purpose.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducer used in the present invention is, for example, a protein, a polypeptide, an oligopeptide, a peptide, an amino acid, a nucleic acid, a polysaccharide, a lipid, an organic small molecule, or a complex thereof. It can be.
- induced osteoblast differentiation factor refers to undifferentiated cells induced osteoblasts. It refers to a factor that differentiates into cells, and it may be a simple substance or a complex as long as it retains its activity.
- This induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor produces chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy, including at least one selected from the group consisting of darcocorticoid,) 3-glyce phosphate and ascorbic acid It can be obtained by culturing in a medium.
- a factor obtained by another method or a factor of another form may be used in the present invention.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor used in the present invention is type I collagen, bone type proteodarican (eg decorin, biglycan), alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, substrate G 1 a protein, osteoglycin, osteopontin And having the ability to increase the expression of a substance specific to induced osteoblasts selected from the group consisting of bone sialic acid protein, osteonetatin and pleiomouth fin.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor in the present specification is characterized in that the enzyme activity increases al force phosphatase activity in undifferentiated cells, or at the gene expression level or protein level, It is a factor having the ability to express at least one selected from an osteoblast marker group in undifferentiated cells.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducer used in the present invention can be identified by confirming the increase of alkaline phosphatase activity, localization or expression of induced osteoblast markers in undifferentiated cells. .
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducer used in the present invention is in boiling water (usually about 96 ° C to about 100 ° C, such as about 96 ° C, about 97 °.
- the activity of inducing differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts is lost by heat treatment at 3 ° C for about 3 ° C, about 98 ° C, about 99 ° C, and about 100 ° C) To do. Whether it ’s boiling Check visually.
- Loss of activity that induces differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts refers to a state in which the localization or expression of the induced osteoblast marker is not substantially increased.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducer used in the present invention loses the activity that induces an increase in al force phosphatase activity of undifferentiated cells by heat treatment in boiling water for 3 minutes.
- Loss of activity that induces an increase in al force phosphatase activity in undifferentiated cells refers to a state in which alkaline phosphatase activity does not substantially increase.
- the terms “protein”, “polypeptide”, “oligopeptide” and “peptide” are used interchangeably herein and refer to a polymer of amino acids of any length.
- This polymer may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
- the amino acids may be natural or non-natural, and may be modified amino acids.
- this term is preferably a linear form, composed of only natural amino acids, but is not limited thereto, since it is preferably in a form translated by a nucleic acid molecule.
- the term can also encompass one assembled into a complex of multiple polypeptide chains.
- the term also encompasses natural or artificially modified amino acid polymers.
- Such modifications include, for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation or any other manipulation or modification (eg, conjugation with a labeling component).
- This definition also includes, for example, polypeptides containing one or more analogs of amino acids (eg, including non-natural amino acids, etc.), peptide-like compounds (eg, peptoids), and others known in the art. Modifications are included.
- protein refers to a polymer of an amino acid having a relatively large molecular weight or a variant thereof
- peptide refers to a polymer of an amino acid having a relatively small molecular weight or a modification thereof. It should be understood that it may refer to a variant. (Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy)
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication used in the present invention are derived from mammals, preferably humans, mice, rats, or rabbits.
- mammals preferably humans, mice, rats, or rabbits.
- membranous ossification there are two types: membranous ossification and chondral ossification.
- Membrane ossification is a mode that works when a flat bone is formed near the body surface, such as the majority of the skull or clavicle. In membranous ossification, membranous bone is formed directly in the connective tissue without cartilage.
- Membrane ossification is also called intramembranous ossification or connective tissue ossification.
- Cartilage ossification is a mode that works when the internal skeleton is formed inside the body, such as the vertebrae, ribs, and limb bones.
- cartilage ossification cartilage is first formed, blood vessels invade the diaphysis, and the cartilage is calcified to form calcified cartilage. This calcified cartilage is destroyed as soon as it is formed, resulting in ossification and formation of bone and primitive bone marrow.
- the growth hormone or the like acts on this to expand and expand the cartilage in the major axis and minor axis directions. Thereafter, blood vessels invade the bone ends and ossification occurs.
- Cartilage ossification is called endochondral ossification or 7> soft enchondral ossification.
- endochondral ossification or 7> soft enchondral ossification.
- chondrocytes capable of producing a factor capable of inducing differentiation of undifferentiated cells of the present case into induced osteoblasts and capable of hypertrophication are mammalian animals including rats, mice, rabbits, humans, etc. It plays an important role in ossification.
- the present factor can be generated from chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication using a similar procedure, regardless of species, as long as it is a mammal that performs endosoft bone formation. Transplantation of human recombinant BMP protein into rats induces bone formation, and it has been demonstrated in molecular biology that human-derived BMP functions similarly to rat-derived BMP.
- BMPs themselves differ from each other at the amino acid sequence level, but on the other hand, the properties as proteins (that is, the physical property values such as the production conditions) are substantially the same.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication are the osteochondral transition portion of the radius, the epiphyseal portion of the long bone (eg, femur, tibia, radius, humerus, ulna and radius), and the epiphyseal line of the vertebra
- cartilage zone of small bones eg, hand bone, foot bone or sternum
- bone base formed from perichondrium or fetal cartilage eg, hand bone, foot bone or sternum
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication used in the present invention may be chondrocytes obtained from any site as long as they have the ability to enlarge moon cake. Chondrocytes having the ability to increase moon cake can also be obtained by induction of differentiation.
- the chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication when an induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is produced in a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication, is typically a cell density of 4 ⁇ 10 4 cells Z cm 2 . Can be adjusted. Usually used between 10 4 cells Zcm 2 to 10 6 cells Z cm 2 , but may be adjusted to a density of less than 10 4 cells Z cm 2 or greater than 10 6 cells cm 2 .
- the culture of chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication is performed using the cells isolated or induced as described above.
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication used in the present invention may be cultured in any medium, for example, HAM's F 12 (HamF 12), Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), minimum essential medium (MEM), minimal essential medium ⁇ ( ⁇ EM), Eagle basal medium (BME), phyton-Jackson modified medium (BG J b), but not limited thereto.
- HAM's F 12 HamF 12
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- MEM minimum essential medium
- ⁇ EM minimal essential medium ⁇
- BME Eagle basal medium
- BG J b phyton-Jackson modified medium
- the differentiation factor production medium is a darcocorticoid (for example, dexamethasone, prednisolone, prednisone, conoletisone, betamethasone, conoletisonole, conoleticosterone),], a conventional type selected from the group consisting of 3-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid It may contain at least one osteoblast differentiation-inducing component.
- the factor used in the present invention is also produced by a differentiation factor producing medium containing only 3-glyce mouth phosphate and ascorbic acid.
- the differentiation factor producing medium contains all of darcocorticoid,] 3-glycephosphate and ascorbic acid.
- the differentiation factor production medium further includes, for example, transforming growth factor— / 3 (TGF—) 3), osteogenic factor (BMP), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), colony stimulating factor (CSF), Contains other components such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), etc. You may go out. It may be useful that the differentiation factor production medium further comprises serum components (eg, human serum, ushi serum, guinea pig fetus serum). Typically, about 0 to 20% of serum components can be added.
- serum components eg, human serum, ushi serum, guinea pig fetus serum. Typically, about 0 to 20% of serum components can be added.
- the culture period of chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy is the period during which a sufficient amount of factor is produced (for example, several months to half a year, or 3 days to 3 weeks (for example, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days). 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 20 days, more than 1 month, 6 months, 5 months, 4 months, 3 months, 2 months, 1 month, any less than 3 weeks Possible combinations of ranges))).
- a sufficient amount of factor for example, several months to half a year, or 3 days to 3 weeks (for example, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days).
- the culture period has progressed and the cells have become confluent in the culture vessel, it is preferable to subculture.
- the present invention provides a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo, comprising A) chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy and B) alginic acid.
- the present invention relates to a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo, comprising A) chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication, and B) a mixture of laminin, collagen IV and enteractin I will provide a.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo.
- This production method comprises the following steps: A) A step of culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication in a medium containing at least one selected from the group consisting of darcocorticoid, 3-glycose mouth phosphate and ascorbic acid. B) combining the supernatant obtained from the culture with the biocompatible scaffold.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a composite material for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo.
- This production method comprises the following steps: A) Induced osteoblast differentiation factor obtained as a result of culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in a differentiation factor production medium containing dexamethasone, glyceguchi phosphate, ascorbic acid and serum components. And B) combining the induced osteoblast differentiation inducer with a biocompatible scaffold.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducer used in the present production method may be (1) present in a culture medium in which the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are cultured, or (2) the hypertrophy
- the supernatant obtained by cultivating chondrocytes capable of chemical conversion may be present in a fraction having a molecular weight of 50, 00 or more obtained by subjecting the supernatant to ultrafiltration having a molecular weight of 50, 00, but is not limited thereto. Not.
- the chondrocyte having the hypertrophication ability is treated with dexamethasone,] 3-glycerophosphate, ascorbine Culturing in a differentiation factor production medium containing acid and serum components, and collecting the cultured supernatant.
- the supernatant obtained by culturing the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication is subjected to ultrafiltration and separated into fractions having a molecular weight of 50, 00 or more.
- the production method may include a step of combining the freeze-dried supernatant and a collagen solution.
- the production method may include a step of bringing the supernatant into contact with hydroxyapatite.
- the production method of the present invention may further include a step of concentrating the supernatant after the step A).
- the supernatant may be one or more times concentrated.
- the supernatant can be concentrated more than twice.
- the production method of the present invention may further include a step of freeze-drying the supernatant.
- the supernatant is frozen and centrifuged at room temperature to about 40 ° C. (preferably room temperature), under vacuum (180 to 100 kPa).
- room temperature preferably room temperature
- vacuum 180 to 100 kPa
- it may be a process of drying, it is not limited to this. This is because it is sufficient if it can be sufficiently dried at a temperature below the temperature at which the factor does not change (less than about 40 ° C).
- the production method may include both a step of concentrating the supernatant and a step of lyophilizing the supernatant.
- the production method of the present invention may include a step of bringing the supernatant into contact with the biocompatible scaffold in the step B).
- the contacting step can be achieved by immersing the biocompatible scaffold in the supernatant.
- the contacting step includes dripping the supernatant from above, aspirating from one direction, and pressurizing from one direction. It can also be achieved by allowing the supernatant and the scaffold to coexist under negative pressure.
- the production method of the present invention may include a step of obtaining a factor from the supernatant and a step of mixing the factor with the biocompatible scaffold in the step B).
- the step B) of the production method of the present invention comprises diluting the supernatant concentrate obtained by the concentration to a volume sufficient to contact the biocompatible scaffold.
- the concentrate can be diluted 2- to 10-fold with differentiation factor production medium, growth medium, water, physiological saline, Dulbecco's phosphate buffer (D P B S), and the like.
- the step B) of the production method of the present invention includes a step of freeze-drying the supernatant concentrate obtained by the concentration, and the supernatant concentrate has the biocompatibility. Diluting to a volume sufficient to contact the scaffold and contacting the diluted supernatant concentrate with the biocompatible scaffold.
- the biocompatible scaffold used in the production method of the present invention may be a gel scaffold, a three-dimensional scaffold, or the like, but is not limited thereto.
- the biocompatible scaffold used in the production method of the present invention is, for example, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, alumina, zircoyour, apatite monowollaston precipitated glass, gelatin, collagen, chitin, fibrin. , Hyaluronic acid, extracellular matrix mixture, silk, cellulose, dextran, agarose, agar, synthetic polypeptide, polylactic acid, polyleucine, alginic acid, polydaricholic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polycyanoacrylate, polyacrylonitrile , Polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polysalt bull, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, nylon, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. Because if the factor adheres or disperses, or can adhere or disperse But it can be used.
- the biocompatible scaffold is, for example, a porous hydroxyapatite (for example, HOYA's apatacelam porosity 50%, etc.), a superporous hydroxyapatite (for example, HOYA's apatacelam porosity).
- a porous hydroxyapatite for example, HOYA's apatacelam porosity 50%, etc.
- a superporous hydroxyapatite for example, HOYA's apatacelam porosity
- apatite collagen mixture for example, a mixture of apatellan granule manufactured by HOYA and collagen gel manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Inc.), apatite collagen complex (for example, HOYA Avacola etc.), collagen gel (eg, Nitta Gelatin), collagen sponge (eg, Nitta Gelatin), gelatin sponge (eg, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical's hemostatic gelatin sponge), Fibringer (eg, Nipro Pro Beriplast P), synthetic peptide (eg, 3D matrix) Bramax, etc.), extracellular matrix mixture (for example, Matrigel, manufactured by BD), alginic acid (for example, Kelton LVCR, manufactured by Kelco), agarose (for example, agarose, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), polydaricol Acid, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid polylactic acid copolymer, and combinations thereof. More preferably, the biocompatible scaffold may be hydroxyapatite collagen mixture (for example, a mixture of apatell
- the biocompatible scaffold may be, but is not limited to, hydroxyabatite, collagen, alginic acid, a mixture of laminin, collagen IV, and enteractin.
- a medium used for culturing cartilage cells capable of hypertrophy in the production method of the present invention is a darcocorticoid (eg, dexamethasone, prednisolone, prednisone). , Cortisone, betamethasone, cortisol, conoleticosterone), J3-glyce mouth phosphate, ascorbic acid and the like.
- the medium may contain:) both 3-glycephosphate phosphate and ascorbic acid.
- the medium comprises darcholticoid,.) 3-glycephosphate and Contains all of ascorbic acid.
- This medium can also contain, for example, transforming growth factor—i3 (TGF-J3), osteogenic factor (BMP), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), colony stimulating factor (CSF), insulin-like growth factor (I GF) ), Other components such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the like.
- TGF-J3 transforming growth factor—i3
- BMP osteogenic factor
- LIF leukemia inhibitory factor
- CSF colony stimulating factor
- I GF insulin-like growth factor
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- PRP platelet rich plasma
- PDGF platelet derived growth factor
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- serum components eg, human serum, urchin serum, urchin fetal serum. Typically, about 0 to 20% of serum components can be added.
- Examples of the medium used for culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in the production method of the present invention include, for example, HAM's F 12 (HamF 12), Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) Examples include, but are not limited to, minimum essential medium (MEM), minimum essential medium ⁇ ( ⁇ ), Eagle basal medium ( ⁇ ⁇ ), and Fitton-Jackson modified medium (BGJb).
- This medium may contain a substance that promotes cell proliferation and differentiation induction. In this medium, the ability to induce differentiation of osteoblasts into C3H10T 1/2 cells, 3T3-Swissalbino cells, and Ba1bZ3T3 cells has not been found.
- any form described in the above (composite material), (chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication) and the like can be used.
- scaffold means a material for supporting cells.
- the scaffold has a certain strength and biocompatibility.
- scaffolds are manufactured from biological materials or naturally supplied materials, naturally occurring materials or synthetically supplied materials.
- substances non-cellular substances
- a scaffold is a construct formed from a substance other than an organism (eg, tissue, cell) (such as a biological material (eg, collagen, hydroxylate). Included).
- organism refers to a material system that is organized to have a living function. That is, an organism distinguishes an organism from other material systems. Cells, tissues, etc.
- scaffolds made of hydroxyapatite usually have many pores that can sufficiently accommodate cells.
- Scaffolding materials include calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, alumina, zirconia, apatite-wollastonite precipitated glass, gelatin, collagen, chitin, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, extracellular matrix mixture, silk, cellulose, dextrane, agarose Agar, Synthetic polypeptide, Polylactic acid, Polyleucine, Alginic acid, Polydaricholic acid, Polymethylmethacrylate, Polycyanacrylate, Polyacrylonitrile, Polyurethane, Polypropylene, Polyethylene, Polysalt chloride, Ethylene acetate bur copolymer , Nylon, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. This is because any agent can be used as long as it adheres or disperses, or can adhere or disperse.
- the biocompatible scaffold is, for example, a porous hydroxyapatite (for example, HOYA's apaceram porosity, etc.), a superporous hydroxylapatite (for example, HOYA's apaceram porosity).
- a porous hydroxyapatite for example, HOYA's apaceram porosity, etc.
- a superporous hydroxylapatite for example, HOYA's apaceram porosity
- apatite collagen mixture eg, mixture of HOYA apatacelam granules and Nitta Gelatin collagen gel
- apatite collagen complex eg, HOYA Avacola, etc.
- collagen gel eg, Nitta Gelatin, etc.
- collagen sponge eg, Nitta Gelatin, etc.
- gelatin sponge eg, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical hemostatic gelatin sponge, etc.
- fibrin Gels eg Nipro's Veriplast P
- synthetic peptides eg 3D macro Trix Bramax etc.
- extracellular matrix mixture eg BD Matrigel etc.
- alginate eg Kelco kelton LVCR etc.
- agarose eg Wako Pure Chemical Industries agarose etc.
- polydaricol Acid polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid Z polylactic acid copolymer, and combinations thereof.
- the biocompatible scaffold is hydroxyapatite, collagen gel, or extra
- These scaffolds can be provided in any form such as granular form, block form, sponge form and the like. These scaffolds may or may not be perforated.
- Commercially available scaffolds such as HOYA Corporation, Olympus Corporation, Kyocera Corporation, Mitsubishi Wellpharma Corporation, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zimmer Commercially available from corporations.
- General scaffold preparation and characterization is known in the art and requires only routine experimentation and technical common knowledge in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,975,526; 5,011,691; 5,171,574; 5,266,683; 5,354,557 and See 5,468,845 (the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference).
- calcium phosphate is a general term for calcium phosphate.
- examples include, but are not limited to, compounds represented by chemical formulas such as 0 7 , Ca (H 2 P0 4 ) 2 ′ H 2 0.
- “hydroxyapatite” is a compound having a general composition of C a 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2, and is used in the hard tissues of mammals (bone and teeth) together with collagen. The main constituent.
- Hydroxyapatite contains a series of calcium phosphates as described above, but the P 0 4 and OH components of apatite in living hard tissues are often replaced with C 0 3 components in body fluids. Hydroxyapatite is a substance approved for safety by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Hydroxyapatite is often a non-bioabsorbable material on the market, and remains hardly absorbed in the living body, but some of it is absorbable.
- FDA US Food and Drug Administration
- extracellular matrix mixture refers to a mixture of extracellular matrix and growth factors.
- extracellular matrix include, but are not limited to, laminin and collagen. This extracellular matrix may be derived from a living body or synthesized.
- the present invention provides a method for promoting or inducing bone formation in vivo.
- This method may include the step of transplanting a composite material comprising an induced osteoblast differentiation inducer and a biocompatible scaffold to a site where it is necessary to promote or induce bone formation in vivo.
- the bone formation may be for repairing or treating a bone defect.
- the defect may have a size that cannot be repaired only by fixation.
- the bone formation may be for forming a bone in a region where there is no bone around.
- any form described in the above (composite material), (chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication) and the like can be used.
- subject refers to an organism to which the treatment of the present invention is applied, and is also referred to as a “patient”.
- the patient or subject can be a dog, cat, or horse, preferably a human.
- the bone formation subcutaneous test is a test that evaluates the bone formation ability by forming bone in a portion that is essentially free of bone (also called ectopic bone formation). Because this test can be easily performed, it is widely used in the field.
- the bone defect test can be used as a test method when treating bone. Bone formation in this study occurs in an environment where conditions for bone formation are prepared, and bone is formed by osteoblasts that have already been introduced and migrated. Usually, the bone formation rate is considered better than the subcutaneous test.
- the composite material comprising the factor produced by the hypertrophic chondrocyte of the present invention and the biocompatible scaffold can cause bone formation both when implanted subcutaneously and in a bone defect. Is predicted. Bone formation is not expected to be observed when the scaffold alone is implanted subcutaneously. When the scaffold alone is transplanted to the bone defect site, bone formation occurs, but the amount is higher than when the composite material of the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy and the scaffold is transplanted. Expected to be much less.
- the composite material of the present invention can be used for bone repair and reconstruction by transplantation.
- the site to be transplanted is not particularly limited, and usually includes a bone defect caused by trauma or removal of a bone tumor for which bone repair and reconstruction are desired.
- the composite material of the present invention can also be used to form bone at a site where there is no bone around.
- the Transplantation can be performed in the same manner as known bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation.
- the amount of the composite material to be transplanted is appropriately selected according to the size and symptoms of the bone defect.
- the present invention can also be used with a physiologically active substance, site force-in, etc., as required.
- cell physiologically active substance or “physiologi cally active substance” refers to a substance that acts on cells or tissues. Examples of such action include, but are not limited to, control and change of the cell or tissue. Bioactive substances include site force-in and growth factors.
- the physiologically active substance may be naturally occurring or synthesized. Preferably, the physiologically active substance may be one produced by a cell or one having a similar action, but one having a modified action. As used herein, the physiologically active substance may be in the form of a protein- or nucleic acid-containing peptide, or other forms.
- cytokines can be in protein or nucleic acid form or other forms, but at the point of actually acting on a cell, cytokines are often in the form of proteins, usually containing peptides.
- growth factor or “cell growth factor” is used interchangeably herein and refers to a substance that promotes or regulates cell growth and differentiation induction. Growth factors are also referred to as growth factors or growth factors. Growth factors can be added to the medium in cell culture or tissue culture to replace the action of serum macromolecules. Many growth factors serve as regulators of the differentiation state in addition to cell growth. Has been found to work.
- bone formation-related site forces include: transforming growth factor ⁇ (TGF- ⁇ ), bone morphogenetic factor (BMP), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), colony stimulating factor (CSF), insulin Like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ascorbic acid, And compounds such as darcocorticoid and glyceport phosphate.
- TGF- ⁇ transforming growth factor ⁇
- BMP bone morphogenetic factor
- LIF leukemia inhibitory factor
- CSF colony stimulating factor
- IGF insulin Like growth factor
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- PRP platelet-rich plasma
- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- Physiologically active substances such as cytokines and growth factors generally have redundancy, so sites known by other names and functions (for example, cell adhesion activity or cell-substrate adhesion activity)
- a force-in or growth factor can be used in the present invention as long as it has the activity of the physiologically active substance used in the present invention.
- the cyto force-in or growth factor promotes the production of the factor according to the present invention in a chondrocyte having a preferable activity in the present invention (for example, an activity of proliferating a stem cell or an activity of forming an induced osteoblast, or a hypertrophic ability).
- chondrocyte having a preferable activity in the present invention for example, an activity of proliferating a stem cell or an activity of forming an induced osteoblast, or a hypertrophic ability.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor used in the present invention may be derived from cells derived from the same strain, may be derived from individuals having the same allogeneic relationship with the living body, or has a relationship different from the living body. It may be derived from a certain individual.
- derived from the same line means derived from the self (self), pure line or inbred line.
- derived from an individual having an allogeneic relationship with a living body means originating from another individual that is the same species but genetically different.
- derived from an individual having a heterogeneous relationship with a living body means originating from a heterogeneous individual.
- a rat-derived cell is “derived from an individual having a heterogeneous relationship with a living organism”.
- the reagents used in the following examples were those sold by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Invitrogen, Cambridge, Aldrich Sigma, etc., with the exception.
- HAM medium, B ME medium, D-MEM medium, MEM growth medium and MSCGM were prepared to have the compositions shown in the following table.
- Fungizone 250 ⁇ g / ral Amphotericin B, Invitrogen, 15290-018
- Fungizone 2 500 ⁇ g / m 1 Amphotericin B, Invitrogen, 15290-018 MSCB: Cambrex, PT-3238
- Example 1 Preparation and detection of cell function regulating factor produced when chondrocytes derived from ribs and costal cartilage are cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- the grown cartilage portion was minced and stirred in 0.25% trypsin / EDTA / D—PBS (Du 1 beccos Phosphate Buried Pipeline) at 37 for 1 hour. Subsequently, the plate was washed with centrifugation at 70 ⁇ g for 3 minutes, and then stirred with 0.2% collagenase (Co 11 agenase: Invitrogen) ZD-PBS at 37 ° C. for 2.5 hours. After washing by centrifugation (170 X g for 3 minutes), with 0.2% dispase (Dispase: Invitrogen) / (HAM + 10% FB S) in a stirring flask at 37 ° C, 1 The mixture was stirred. The next day, it was filtered and washed by centrifugation (170 xg for 3 minutes). The cells were stained with trypan blue and the number of cells was counted using a microscope.
- Example 1 Since the cells obtained in Example 1 were damaged by the enzymes (trypsin, collagenase, despase) used in the separation, the damage was recovered by culturing, and chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy were converted into cartilage. Identified by confirming cell marker localization, marker expression, and morphological hypertrophy under the microscope.
- the cell lysate obtained by the above procedure is SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate).
- SDS-treated solution is subjected to SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis. After that, blotting is performed on the transfer membrane (primary stamping), and primary antibodies against chondrocytes are reacted. Detection is performed with a secondary antibody labeled with fluorescence such as nate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), Texas red, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA), and rhodamine.
- FITC nate
- PE phycoerythrin
- AMCA 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid
- the expression of the marker can also be detected by PCR by extracting RNA from the cells obtained by the above operation.
- the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, aggrecan, and osteocalcin were measured by real-time PCR.
- GAPDH was used as an endogenous control gene.
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication (5 ⁇ 10 5 cells) prepared in this example were centrifuged (1 to 70 to 200 ⁇ g for 3 to 5 minutes) to give a pellet of 37 ° C, 5% C0 2 Incubator cultured for 1 week (G 1 + 0 2) was used.
- the medium HAM medium + 10% FBS or MEM medium + 15% FBS was used.
- CDNA was synthesized from all RNA using the High- Capacity cDNA Archive Kit (Applied Biosystems). Using the above cDNA as a template, expression of alkaline phosphatase, type II collagen, cartilage type proteodarican (aglycan), osteocalcin, and GAP DH was performed using the Taqman method (Taqman (registered trademark) Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems). Company))).
- the average expression level was calculated by dividing the value of each cell marker by the value of GAPDH.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication expressed alkaline phosphatase, type II collagen, and aggrecan, but not osteocalcin (Table I).
- G p 1 and G p 2 Pellets of chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication cultured for 1 week
- the cell culture obtained by the above operation is fixed with 10% neutral formalin buffer, reacted with a primary antibody against a chondrocyte marker, and an enzyme such as peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, darcosidase or FITC, Fluorescence such as PE, Textile, AMC A, rhodamine, etc. is detected with a secondary antibody labeled. Al force phosphatase can also be detected by staining.
- the cell culture obtained by the above operation was fixed with 60% acetone / citrate buffer, washed with distilled water, then immersed in a mixture of First Violet B and Naphthol AS-MX at room temperature. The color was developed by reacting at this point for 30 minutes.
- alkaline phosphatase staining the sample was immersed and fixed in 60% acetone / citrate buffer for 30 seconds, washed with water, then washed with alkaline phosphatase staining solution (2 ml of 0.25% naphthol AS-MX phosphate).
- alkaline phosphatase staining solution 2 ml of 0.25% naphthol AS-MX phosphate.
- Toluidine blue stain by incubating for 30 minutes at room temperature in the dark with acid-alcohol solution (Sigma Aldrich) + 48 m 1 of 25% First Violet B salt solution (Sigma Aldrich)) was carried out by incubating with Toluidine blue staining solution (0.25% toluidine blue solution, pH 7.0, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at room temperature for 5 minutes.
- a pellet of cells was prepared by centrifuging a HAM, s F12 culture medium containing 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells, and this cell pellet was cultured for a certain period of time. Compare the size with the size of the cells after culture. When significant growth was confirmed, the cells were judged to be capable of hypertrophy.
- Example 1 The cells obtained in Example 1 expressed a chondrocyte marker, and were confirmed to be enlarged morphologically. This confirmed that the cells obtained in Example 1 were chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication. This cell was used in the following experiment.
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication obtained in Example 1 were added to a MEM differentiation factor-producing medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS (Ushi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, monoglyce mouth phosphate.
- MEM differentiation factor-producing medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS (Ushi fetal serum)
- dexamethasone 10 nM monoglyce mouth phosphate.
- 1 OmM ascorbic acid 50 ⁇ g / m 1, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg 1 streptomycin and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B) were diluted to 4 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 .
- the cell solution, dishes were seeded evenly foremost (solid tons' Dickinson) at 37 ° C, and cultured in 5% C0 2 incubator primary, over time (day 4, day 7, On day 11, day 14, day 18, day 21)
- the supernatant of the medium was collected.
- Mouse C3H10T 1Z2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226), 1.25 x 10 4 cells _ cm 2 in 24-well plate (Becton Dickinson Co., 2.5 x 10 4 Z hole) Seeded uniformly.
- tissue cell bank Human Science Promotion Foundation Research Resource Bank, RIKEN Cell Development Bank, Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tohoku University
- tissue cell bank Human Science Promotion Foundation Research Resource Bank, RIKEN Cell Development Bank, Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tohoku University
- alkaline phosphatase activity 100 ⁇ l of sampnole with or without the factor, 50 ⁇ l each of a solution containing 4 mg Zm 1 of p-nitrophosphoric acid and alkaline buffer (Sigma, A9226 ) was added and allowed to react at 37 ° C for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the reaction was stopped by adding 51 1 NaOH and the absorbance (405 nm) was measured. Next, 20 ⁇ l of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added, and the absorbance (405 nm) was measured. The difference between these absorbances was called “absolute activity value” (indicated as “absolute value” in the table), and was used as an indicator of alkaline phosphatase activity.
- the culture supernatant collected after 4 days is about 4 1 times, about 5.1 times for culture supernatants collected after 1 week, about 5.4 times for culture supernatants collected after 2 weeks, and about 4.9 times for culture supernatants collected after 3 weeks Rose.
- the culture supernatant collected after 4 days is about 2.9 times
- the culture supernatant collected after 1 week is about 3.1 times
- the culture supernatant collected after 2 weeks is about The culture supernatant collected after about 3.8 times and 3 weeks increased to about 4.2 times. (See Table 1 top and Figure 2).
- Mouse C 3H 1 OT 1Z2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226) were transferred to a 24-well plate (base plate) at 1.25 X 10 4 cells / cm 2 (ie, 2.5 X 10 4 Z holes). And 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells Zm 1 were uniformly seeded on the hydroxyapatite. 18 hours after seeding, the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication by adding culture supernatant 1 m 1 cultured in MEM differentiation agent producing medium, were cultured in hand 5% C0 2 incubator foremost 37 ° C. This cell culture was fixed with 60% acetone citrate buffer, washed with distilled water, B and naphthol AS-MX were immersed in a mixed solution and reacted at room temperature for 30 minutes to cause coloration.
- Mouse C3H10T 1/2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226), 24-well plate (betaton ') at 1.25 x 10 4 cells per cm 2 (ie, 2.5 x 10 4 / hole) Dickinson) and 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells Zm 1 were uniformly seeded on hydroxyapatite.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy can be expanded into MEM growth medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS, 1 O OU / ml penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 1 ml of the culture supernatant cultured with ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B) was added and cultured in a 5% CO 2 incubator at 37 ° C.
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS, 1 O OU / ml penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 1 ml of the culture supernatant cultured with ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B
- This cell culture was fixed with 60% aceton / taenoic acid buffer, washed with distilled water, immersed in a mixture of Fast Violet B and naphthol AS-MX, and reacted at room temperature for 30 minutes. By making it, it was made
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication were collected from the ribs and costal cartilage. Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are treated with MEM growth medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS, 10 OUZni 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B). 4 x 10 4 cells diluted in Z cm 2 and cultured over time (day 4, day 7, day 1, day 14, day 18, day 21) The supernatant was collected.
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium)
- FBS RUZni 1 penicillin
- streptomycin 0.1 mg 1 streptomycin
- 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B
- the culture supernatant collected after 4 days is about 1.0 times, and the culture supernatant collected after 1 week is about 1
- the culture supernatant collected 3 times and 2 weeks later was approximately 1.1 times, and the culture supernatant collected 3 weeks later was approximately 1.0 times.
- the culture supernatant collected after 4 days is about 1.2 times
- the culture supernatant collected after 1 week is about 1.0 times
- the culture supernatant collected after 2 weeks is about
- the culture supernatant collected after 1.0 week and 3 weeks was about 0.9 times (see the bottom of Table 1 and Fig. 2).
- Mouse C 3 H 10 T 12 cells were seeded on 24 well plates and hydroxyapatite (BME medium) and cultured for 18 hours. Next, a culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes derived from calcaneus / costal cartilage in MEM growth medium was added to the cell culture, and stained with alkaline phosphatase after 72 hours. When the supernatant cultured in MEM growth medium was added, alkaline phosphatase staining did not stain and it was confirmed that there was no activity (see FIG. 3A bottom and FIG. 3D).
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy When chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are cultured using a MEM differentiation factor production medium, this culture supernatant increases the alkaline phosphatase activity of undifferentiated mouse C 3H1 OT 1Z2 cells, and induces bone It was confirmed that there is a factor that induces differentiation in blast cells. On the other hand, when chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy were cultivated using MEM growth medium, it was confirmed that this factor was not present in the culture supernatant. It has been found that chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy produce factors that induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts when cultured in a MEM differentiation factor production medium. Conventionally, such factors are not known, and the existence of such factors is an unexpected effect. It should be noted that the conventionally known BMP does not seem to have the effect of directly inducing differentiation into induced osteoblasts, as detailed elsewhere.
- Example 2 Using the same procedure as in Example 1, it was confirmed whether or not chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication were present in the cell solution obtained by diluting the quill cartilage derived from shark cartilage. Alkaline phosphatase staining did not stain hydroxyapatite (see Figure 1C). Toluidine blue staining confirmed that the hydroxyapatite dyed blue and spotted cells (see Figure 1D). Cells present on hydroxyapatite were confirmed to have no alkaline phosphatase activity. This confirms that the cell fluid used in this comparative example contains chondrocytes that do not have the ability to enlarge. (Confirmation of expression of chondrocyte marker gene having hypertrophication ability)
- Example 2 Using the same method as in Example 1, a real-time PCR reaction was performed, and the expression level of each cell marker was measured with a real-time PCR instrument (AB I, PR ISM 7900HT). After the PCR reaction, the threshold value was set and the arrival cycle was calculated using the analysis software built in the instrument (PRISM 7900HT). The average expression level was calculated by dividing the value of each cell marker by the value of GAPDH. As a result, chondrocytes not capable of hypertrophication expressed type II collagen and aggrecan, but did not express any of the strength phosphatase and osteocalcin (Table II).
- R p 1 and R p 2 Pellets of chondrocytes not capable of hypertrophication cultured for 1 week Detecting the localization or expression of chondrocyte markers using the same method as in Example 1, and morphology It was confirmed that the obtained cells were chondrocytes without hypertrophication ability. (Detection of factors produced when quiescent chondrocytes collected from shark cartilage are cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium)
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, 3-glyce phosphate 10 mM, ascorbic acid 50 / X gZm 1, 100U nom ml penicillin, 0.1 mg mg m streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g no ml amphotericin B), diluted to 4 X 10 4 cells / cm 2 , cultured, and over time (4 On day 7, day 7, 1 day 1, day 14, day 18, day 21) The supernatant of each medium was collected.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, 3-glyce phosphate 10 mM, ascorbic acid 50 / X gZm 1, 100U nom ml penicillin, 0.1 mg mg m streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g no ml amphotericin B
- Mouse C3H10T 1 2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226) were seeded in 2 4 well plates, 18 hours later, 1 ml of the above culture supernatant was added, and 5% C0 2 at 37 ° C. Cultured in an incubator. After 72 hours, al force phosphatase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is approximately 0.9 times 1 week when the culture supernatant collected after 4 days is added, assuming that the addition of only the MEM differentiation factor production medium is 1
- the culture supernatant collected later was about 1.1 times
- the culture supernatant collected after 2 weeks was about 1.0 times
- the culture supernatant collected after 3 weeks was about 1.1 times (Table 2 upper and (See Figure 4) 0
- MEM growth medium Minimum Essential Medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS, 1 O OUZml penicillin, 0.1 mgZrn 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m1 amphotericin B
- Mouse C3H10T1Z2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226) were uniformly seeded in a 24-well plate. After 18 hours, the culture supernatant lm 1 was added, and 5% at 37 ° C. The cells were cultured in a C0 2 incubator. After 72 hours, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. When evaluated at the relative activity level, the alkaline phosphatase activity is approximately 1.0 times when the culture supernatant collected after 4 days is added, and 1 week after adding the culture supernatant collected after 4 days. The culture supernatant collected was about 1.0 times, the culture supernatant collected after 2 weeks was about 0.9 times, and the culture supernatant collected after 3 weeks was about 1.1 times (Table 2 lower and Fig. 4). checking) .
- Example 2 It was confirmed using the same procedure as in Example 1 whether or not chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are present in the cell fluid obtained by diluting the chondrocytes derived from the articular cartilage. Alkaline phosphatase staining did not stain hydroxyapatite (see Figure 1E). Toluidine blue staining confirmed that the hydroxyapatite dyed blue and spotted cells (see Figure 1F). It was confirmed that cells present on hydroxyapatite do not have al-force phosphatase activity. This confirms that the cell fluid used in this comparative example contains chondrocytes that do not have the ability to enlarge.
- Example 2 The same method as in Example 1 is used, and the chondrocyte marker localization or expression is detected using the criteria, and morphologically searched. The obtained cells are not capable of hypertrophy. Check if it is a soft bone cell.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (usi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyce mouth phosphate 10 mM, and asconolebic acid 50 ⁇ g / m1, 100 U / ml penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B) and diluted to 4 x 10 4 cells cm 2 , cultured, and over time (day 4, day 7, day 1, day 14, day 18, day 21 Eye) The supernatant of each medium was collected.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (usi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyce mouth phosphate 10 mM, and asconolebic acid 50 ⁇ g / m1, 100 U / ml penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m
- Mouse C3H10T 1/2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226) were seeded in a 24-well plate, 18 hours later, the culture supernatant lm 1 was added, and 5% C0 at 37 ° C. Incubated in 2 incubators. After 72 hours, al force phosphatase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. When evaluated at the relative activity level, the alkaline phosphatase activity is about 1.4 times when the culture supernatant collected after 4 days is added, assuming that 1 when only the MEM differentiation factor production medium is added. The culture supernatant collected after one week was about 1.1 times, the culture supernatant collected two weeks later was about 1.1 times, and the culture supernatant collected three weeks later was about 1.1 times (Table 3, upper panel). And see Figure 5A).
- Chondrocytes were collected from the articular cartilage portion by the same method as in Comparative Example 1D.
- Cartilage cells are added with MEM growth medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS, 100 UZml penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m1 amphotericin B) 4 X Dilute to 10 4 cells / cm 2 , culture, and collect medium supernatant over time (Day 4, Day 7, Day 1, Day 14, Day 18, Day 21) .
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium)
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- 100 UZml penicillin 100 UZml penicillin
- 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin
- Mouse C3H10T 1 2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226) are seeded in 2 4 well plates, 18 hours later, 1 ml of the above medium is added and 5% C0 2 incubator at 37 ° C. Incubated in one. After 72 hours, the Al force phosphatase activity was measured by the same method as in Example 1. When evaluated at the relative activity level, the alkaline phosphatase activity was collected approximately 1.1 times when the culture supernatant collected after 4 days was added, and 1 week after adding the culture supernatant. The culture supernatant was about 1.0 times, the culture supernatant collected after 2 weeks was about 1.1 times, and the culture supernatant collected after 3 weeks was about 1.2 times (Table 3 bottom and Fig. 5A). checking) .
- Example 2 Preparation and detection of a cell function regulator produced when culturing chondrocytes derived from the sternum cartilage part in a MEM differentiation factor production medium
- Example 2 Using the same method and criteria as in Example 1, it is confirmed whether the collected cells are chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy.
- Chondrocytes derived from sternum cartilage with the potential for hypertrophy can be obtained by using MEM differentiation factor production medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, / 3—glyce mouth 4 X 1 0 4 with phosphate 1 OmM, ascorbic acid 5 0 // gm 1, 10 OU / m 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg / m 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B Dilute to cell Z cm 2 , culture and over time (4th day, 7th day, 1st day, 1st day, 14th day, 18th day, 21st day) to recover.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, / 3—glyce mouth 4 X 1 0 4 with phosphate 1 OmM, ascorbic acid 5
- Mouse C 3 H 1 OT 1Z2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CC L—2 2 6) were seeded in a 24-well plate, and after 18 hours, added 1 ml of the above culture supernatant. , cultured in 5% C0 2 incubator one at 3 7 ° C. 7 Two hours later, the alkaline phosphatase activity is measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is increased as compared with the case where only the MEM differentiation factor production medium is added.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication are collected from the sternum cartilage. Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication are added with MEM growth medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS, 10 OUZni 1 penicillin, 0. lmgZtnl streptomycin and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B). 10 4 cells Dilute to Z cm 2 , incubate, and collect medium supernatant over time.
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium)
- FBS fetal
- 10 OUZni 1 penicillin 0. lmgZtnl streptomycin and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B
- 10 4 cells Dilute to Z cm 2 , incubate, and collect medium supernatant over time.
- Mouse C3H10T 1 2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226) were seeded in 2 4 well plates. After 18 hours, 1 ml of the above culture supernatant was added and 5% C0 at 37 ° C. Incubate in 2 incubators. After 72 hours, the alkaline phosphatase activity is measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication obtained in Example 1 were added to a HAM differentiation factor production medium (HAM medium, 10% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyce mouth phosphate 1 OmM dilution, Asukorubin acid 5 0 / ig / m 1, 1 0 0U Bruno ml penicillin, 0. 1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.
- HAM differentiation factor production medium HAM medium, 10% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyce mouth phosphate 1 OmM dilution, Asukorubin acid 5 0 / ig / m 1, 1 0 0U Bruno ml penicillin, 0. 1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.
- Mouse C 3 H 10 T 1/2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CC L- 2 2 6) were seeded in a 24-well plate, and after 18 hours, the culture supernatant lm 1 was added. They were cultured in 5% C0 2 incubator one at 3 7 ° C. 7 Two hours later, the Al force phosphatase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is approximately 1.2 times, 1 week when the culture supernatant collected after 4 days is added, where 1 is the case where only the HAM differentiation factor production medium is added.
- the culture supernatant collected later was about 2.3 times
- the culture supernatant collected after 2 weeks was about 3.1 times
- the culture supernatant collected after 3 weeks was about 2.2 times (Table 3-2). (See top and Figure 5B).
- alkaline phosphatase ALP activity of C 3 H 10 T 1/2 cells, which is one of the induced osteoblast markers.
- alkaline phosphatase was also expressed by alkaline phosphatase staining.
- C 3 H 10 T 1/2 cells differentiated into induced osteoblasts.
- Table 3-2 Alphosphatase activity in the case of adding supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in HAM differentiation factor production medium and HAM growth medium
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication were collected from the rib / costal cartilage.
- Add chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication by adding HAM growth medium (HAM medium, 10% FBS, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg 1 streptomycin and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B) to 4 X 10 4 cells were diluted in Zcm 2 and cultured, and the supernatant of the medium was collected over time.
- HAM growth medium HAM medium, 10% FBS, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg 1 streptomycin and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B
- this culture supernatant increases the activity of phosphatase activity of mouse C 3H 1 OT 1/2 cells, which are undifferentiated cells. It was confirmed that there were factors that induce differentiation in induced osteoblasts. On the other hand, when chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy were cultivated using HAM growth medium, it was confirmed that this factor was not present in the culture supernatant. It was found that chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication produce factors that induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts when cultured in a HAM differentiation factor production medium.
- HAM differentiation factor production medium HAM medium, 10% FBS (Ushi Fetal Serum), Dexamethasone 10 nM, J3-Glyce 4 X 10 4 cells Zc with 10 mM oral phosphate, ascorbic acid 50 / xg no m 1, 10 OU / m 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg / m 1 streptomycin, 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B) Dilute to m 2 , incubate, and collect supernatant of each medium over time.
- HAM differentiation factor production medium HAM medium, 10% FBS (Ushi Fetal Serum)
- Dexamethasone 10 nM J3-Glyce 4 X 10 4 cells Zc with 10 mM oral phosphate, ascorbic acid 50 / xg no m 1, 10 OU / m 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg / m 1 streptomycin, 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B
- Mouse C3H10T1Z2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL 226) were seeded evenly in a 24-well plate, and after 18 hours, 1 ml of the above culture supernatant was added. Incubate. After 72 hours, alkaline phosphatase activity is measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is almost the same as when only a HAM differentiation factor production medium or only a HAM growth medium is added. If the culture supernatant of the obtained cell culture does not express the induced osteoblast marker of C3H10T 1/2 cells, it is determined that the cells have not differentiated into induced osteoblasts. In this case, it is determined that quiescent cartilage cells derived from costal cartilage do not produce a factor capable of inducing differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts when cultured in a HAM differentiation factor production medium.
- Comparative Example 1 Resting chondrocytes harvested from costal cartilage using the same method as in B, using HA M growth medium (HAM medium, 10% FBS, 100 U, m 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0 . 25 ⁇ gZm 1 amphotericin B) was diluted to 4 X 10 4 cells ZCM 2 was added and cultured for over time the supernatant of each culture recovered.
- HA M growth medium HAM medium, 10% FBS, 100 U, m 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0 . 25 ⁇ gZm 1 amphotericin B
- Mouse C3H10T12 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226) are uniformly seeded in a 24-well plate, and after 18 hours, the culture supernatant lm1 is added and cultured. After 72 hours, alkaline phosphatase activity is measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is almost the same as when only HAM differentiation factor production medium or only HAM growth medium is added. If the culture supernatant of the obtained cell culture does not express the induced osteoblast marker of C 3H1 OT 1Z2 cells, it is determined that it has not differentiated into induced osteoblasts. In this case, resting chondrocytes derived from costal cartilage are H- When cultured in an AM growth medium, it is determined that no factor capable of inducing differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts is produced.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy produce factors that induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts regardless of the type of basal medium contained in the differentiation factor production medium. Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy do not produce factors that induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts in any growth medium. Furthermore, quiescent chondrocytes and articular chondrocytes that do not have hypertrophication ability do not produce a factor that induces differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts when cultured in any medium. This suggests that a factor that induces differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts is produced only by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in a differentiation factor production medium. Furthermore, if the basal medium contained in the culture medium is usually a medium that can be used for cell culture, it does not affect the production of induced osteoblast differentiation-inducing factor and can be used in this method. Conceivable.
- Example 4 Preparation and detection of cell function regulatory factor produced when human chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- Human tissue-derived chondrocytes derived from human tissues such as polylimbs, tumors and donated cartilage tissues are used in human tissue resource utilization organizations (Research Resource Bank, RIKEN Cell Development Bank, National Institute of Health and Welfare) Obtained from cell banks such as Cell Bank, National Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Food Hygiene, Institute of Aging Medicine, Tohoku University, and overseas organizations such as II AM and ATCC, and cell providers such as Osiris.
- the obtained chondrocytes with the potential for hypertrophy were transformed into MEM differentiation factor-producing medium (MEM medium, 15% FBS (usual fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyce mouth phosphate 1 O mM, Add rubic acid 50 ⁇ gZm 1, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZm l streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B, dilute to 4 ⁇ 10 4 cells Z cm 2 , inoculate, incubate, time Collect the supernatant of the medium.
- MEM differentiation factor-producing medium MEM differentiation factor-producing medium, 15% FBS (usual fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyce mouth phosphate 1 O mM
- Add rubic acid 50 ⁇ gZm 1, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZm l streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B di
- Human mesenchymal stem cells for research are obtained from the above institution, seeded uniformly in a 24-well plate, and after 18 hours, lml of the above culture supernatant is added and cultured. After 72 hours, Al force phosphatase activity is measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the factor having the ability to induce differentiation of osteoblasts increases the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of undifferentiated human cells for research, which is one of the induced osteoblast markers, It is determined that they have differentiated into induced osteoblasts. Furthermore, also in Al force phosphatase staining, when Al force phosphatase is expressed, it is determined that undifferentiated cells have differentiated into induced osteoblasts.
- ALP alkaline phosphatase
- the hypertrophic chondrocytes obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 were added to MEM growth medium (MEM medium and 15% FBS, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgmg ml streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B). Add 4 ⁇ 10 4 cells to dilute to Z cm 2 , incubate, and collect the culture supernatant over time.
- MEM growth medium MEM medium and 15% FBS, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgmg ml streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B.
- Chondrocytes that do not have human hypertrophied ability have the ability to induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts when alkaline phosphatase activity is almost unchanged when cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium. It is determined that no factor is produced. In addition, when cultured in MEM growth medium, if the alkaline phosphatase activity hardly changes, it is determined that no factor having the ability to induce undifferentiated cells to induce osteoblasts is produced.
- chondrocytes derived from human-derived hypertrophic ability obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, a HAM differentiation factor production medium was added, diluted to 4 ⁇ 10 4 cells Z cm 2 , cultured, Collect the supernatant of the medium. Inoculate the undifferentiated human cells for research into a 24-well plate, and after 18 hours, add lm 1 of the above culture supernatant and culture. 7 After 2 hours, the Al force phosphatase activity is measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 2 The same method and determination as in Example 1 for inducing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy derived from humans to induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts when cultured in a HAM differentiation factor production medium. It can be confirmed by criteria.
- HAM growth medium is added to human chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication, diluted to 4 ⁇ 10 4 cells Z cm 2 , cultured, and the supernatant of each medium is collected over time.
- Human undifferentiated cells for research are seeded in a 24-well plate, and after 18 hours, the culture supernatant lm 1 is added and cultured. 7 After 2 hours, the alkaline phosphatase activity is measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 2 The same method and determination as in Example 1 that chondrocytes derived from human hypertrophy do not produce factors that induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts when cultured in a HAM growth medium. It can be confirmed by criteria.
- chondrocytes capable of human hypertrophy produce a factor that induces differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts regardless of the type of basal medium contained in the differentiation factor production medium. You can consider whether or not. From Examples 1 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1A-1E and 3A-3C, rat-derived chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts in any growth medium. It has been demonstrated that it does not produce factors. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that rat-derived chondrocytes that do not have hypertrophication ability do not produce a factor that induces differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts when cultured in any medium.
- the factor that induces differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts can only be produced by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in a differentiation factor production medium. Accordingly, even in chondrocytes having the potential for hypertrophy derived from humans, if the basal medium contained in the medium is a medium that can be usually used for cell culture, production of induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is not possible. It is presumed that the method can be used without any influence.
- each culture supernatant was obtained when culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy using MEM differentiation factor production medium or MEM growth medium.
- B ALB / 3 T 3 cells, 3T3— Sw issalbino cells as undifferentiated cells Cells and N 3 3 cells were used. They seeded these cells to each 24-well plate, after 18 hours by adding the above culture supernatants lm 1 respectively, were cultured in 5% C0 2 incubator one at 37 ° C. After 72 hours, the Al force phosphatase activity was measured by the same method as in Example 1.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is B ALBZ3 T, assuming that only the MEM differentiation factor production medium is added. It is about 5.9 times for 3 cells (see Table 4 left and Figure 6A), and about 13.8 times for 3T3-Swissa 1 bino cells (see Table 4 and Figure 6A) And approximately 5.4 times in NI H3T3 cells (see Table 4 right and Figure 6A).
- the alkaline phosphatase activity is about 1 for BALB-3T3 cells, assuming that only MEM growth medium is added. 3 times (see Figure 4A on the left in Table 4) and about 1.1 times on 3T3_Swissa 1 bino cells (see Figure 6A in Table 4) and NI It was about 0.9 times for H3T3 cells (see Table 4 right and Figure 6A).
- GC differentiation supernatant Culture supernatant of growth chondrocytes cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- GC growth supernatant Culture supernatant of growth chondrocytes cultured in MEM growth medium Differentiation medium only: MEM differentiation medium itself
- this culture supernatant increases alkaline phosphatase activity in 3T3-Swissalbino cells, BALB / 3T3 cells and NI H3T3 cells. It was confirmed that there is a factor that induces differentiation of these undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts. On the other hand, when chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy were cultured using MEM growth medium, it was confirmed that these factors were not present in these culture supernatants.
- each culture supernatant was obtained when quiescent chondrocytes having no hypertrophication ability were cultured using the MEM differentiation factor production medium or the MEM growth medium.
- As undifferentiated cells BALBZ3T3 cells, 3 T3-swissalbino cells and NI H3 T 3 cells were used. Each of these cells was seeded in a 24-well plate, and 18 hours later, 1 ml of the culture supernatant was added, and cultured in a 5% CO 2 incubator at 37 ° C. After 72 hours, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- RC differentiation supernatant culture supernatant in which quiescent chondrocytes were cultured in MEM differentiation factor polishing medium
- RC growth supernatant culture supernatant in which quiescent chondrocytes were cultured in MEM growth medium
- MEM differentiation medium itself
- Alkaline phosphatase activity is measured in BALB / 3 T 3 cells, 3 T 3— Swissa 1 bino cells, and NI H3 T 3 cells when quiescent chondrocytes that are not capable of hypertrophy are cultured using MEM differentiation factor production medium. However, it was confirmed that there was no factor inducing differentiation of these undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts in this culture supernatant. When quiescent chondrocytes with no hypertrophication ability were cultured using MEM growth medium, it was also confirmed that these factors were not present in these culture supernatants.
- Example 7 Preparation and Detection of Cell Function Regulators Produced when Chondrocytes Derived from Chondrocyte-derived Hypertrophic Cells are Cultured in Medium Containing Various Conventional Osteoblast Differentiation-Inducing Components
- Chondrocytes derived from costal cartilage and capable of hypertrophication obtained by the same method as in Example 1 were mixed with MEM growth medium (MEM medium and 15% FBS, 100 U / ml penicillin, 0.1 mg / m 1). Streptomycin, and 0.25 / z gZm l amphotericin B) are added to dilute to 4 x 10 4 cells Z cm 2 , and dexamethasone as a conventional osteoblast differentiation component,) 3-glyce mouth phosphate Incubate with ascorbic acid or a combination of these, and collect the supernatant of the medium over time.
- MEM growth medium MEM medium and 15% FBS, 100 U / ml penicillin, 0.1 mg / m 1).
- Streptomycin, and 0.25 / z gZm l amphotericin B are added to dilute to 4 x 10 4 cells Z cm 2 , and dexamethasone as a conventional osteoblast differentiation component,
- Dex Dexamethasone, iSGP:) 3—Glycete phosphate, Asc: Ascorbic acid 1 ml of each culture supernatant was added to mouse C3H10T 1Z2 cells (1.25 x 10 4 cells / cm 2 ), and 37 ° C Al-force phosphatase activity was measured when cultured in a 5% CO 2 incubator.
- Al-force phosphatase activity the same method as in Example 1 was used.
- the alkaline phosphatase activity in the medium supplemented with MEM differentiation factor production medium D ex +] 3 GP + A sc
- alkaline phosphatase activity was 0.044.
- Each of the conventional osteoblast differentiation components is added to the growth medium alone.
- alkaline phosphatase activity was 0.016 with Dex alone, 0.015 with i3 GP alone, and 0.016 with Asc. It was 0.022 in the medium in which De X + GP was added to the growth medium, and 0.017 in the medium in which De x + Asc was added.
- alkaline phosphatase activity was 0.0016 and 0.014, respectively.
- Dex Dexamethasone
- Differentiation medium only: MEM differentiation factor production medium itself (no chondrocytes are cultured)
- MEM growth medium itself (no cultured chondrocytes) When cultivating chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication and adding each of the conventional osteoblast differentiation components alone to the MEM growth medium, no factor is produced that induces differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts. It was. When j3-glycose mouth phosphate and ascorbic acid were added, factors that induced differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts were produced. Addition of dexamethasone, i3-glyceose phosphate and ascorbic acid (same as MEM differentiation factor production medium) also promotes the production of factors that induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts. It was confirmed that
- Example 8 Examination of factors contained in culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication were cultured in a MEM differentiation factor production medium, and the supernatant collected over time from 4 days to 3 weeks was placed in a centrifugal filter, and 4000 X g, 4 Centrifugation at ° C for 30 minutes, and centrifugal ultrafiltration under conditions to separate the high molecular fraction and low molecular fraction.
- the supernatant is fractionated with a molecular weight of 50,000 or more and the molecular weight is less than 50,000. The fractions were separated. Then seeded in mice C 3 H 1 0 T 1 Z2 cells (in BME medium) to 24-well plates (1.
- mice C3H10T12 cells stained red both when seeded in 24-well plates and when seeded with hydroxyapatite ( Figures 7A and 7B). checking) . It was found that a factor having an activity to increase alkaline phosphatase activity was present in the fraction having a molecular weight of 50,000 or more in the culture supernatant. When a fraction with a molecular weight of less than 50,000 was added, it was also inoculated on the hydroxyapatite when seeded on a 24-well plate. In both cases, C 3H1 OT 1Z2 cells were not stained and alkaline phosphatase activity was not observed (see FIGS. 7C and 7D).
- the factor having the ability to induce the differentiation of mouse C3H10T1Z2 cells into induced osteoblasts is the molecular weight of the culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in MEM differentiation factor production medium. 7 that are present in more than 50,000 fractions o
- Example 9 Preparation and detection of cell function regulators produced when mouse chondrocytes derived from mouse ribs and rib cartilage are cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- HAM + 10% FB S stirred at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. The next day, it was filtered and washed by centrifugation (1 70 xg for 3 minutes). The cells were stained with trypan blue, and the number of cells was counted using a microscope.
- Example 9 Since the cells obtained in Example 9 were damaged by the enzymes (trypsin, collagenase, despase) used in the separation, the damage was recovered by culturing. Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are identified by confirming the localization or expression of chondrocyte markers and morphological hypertrophy under a microscope.
- the cell lysate obtained by the above operation is treated with SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate).
- SDS-treated solution is subjected to SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis.
- blotting (Western plotting) is performed on the transfer membrane, and primary antibodies against chondrocytes are reacted, and enzymes such as peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, darcosidase, or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), Texas Red, 7-Amino_4-methylcoumarin_3_acetic acid (AMC A), rhodamine and other fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies are used for detection.
- FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate
- PE phycoerythrin
- Texas Red 7-Amino_4-methylcoumarin_3_acetic acid
- rhodamine and other fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies are used for detection.
- the cell culture obtained by the above operation is fixed with 10% neutral formalin buffer, reacted with a primary antibody against a chondrocyte marker, and an enzyme such as peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, darcosidase or FITC, PE, Fluorescence such as Texa Red, AM CA, rhodamine, etc. is detected with a secondary antibody labeled.
- Alkaline phosphatase can also be detected by a staining method.
- the cell culture obtained by the above operation is fixed with 60% caseone / taenoic acid buffer, washed with distilled water, and then immersed in a mixture of Fast Violet B and naphthol AS-MX. Color by reacting at room temperature for 30 minutes.
- H AM 's F 1 2 culture medium containing 5 X 10 5 cells ⁇ A cell pellet is prepared, this cell pellet is cultured for a certain period, and the size of the cell before culturing and the size of the cell after culturing confirmed under a microscope are compared. When significant growth is confirmed, the cell is determined to be capable of hypertrophy.
- Example 9 By examining whether the cells obtained in Example 9 are expressing chondrocyte markers or morphologically enlarged, these cells are chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy. It can be confirmed whether or not there is.
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication obtained in Example 9 were added to a MEM differentiation factor-producing medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, 3-glyce mouth.
- MEM differentiation factor-producing medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium)
- FBS ussi fetal serum
- dexamethasone 10 nM 3-glyce mouth.
- Phosphate 1 OmM, ascorbic acid 50ju gm 1, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg Zm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B were diluted to 4 X 10 4 cells / cm 2 .
- the cell suspension was uniformly seeded in dishes (manufactured by solid tons' Dickinson) at 37 ° C, and cultured in 5% C0 2 incubator primary, over time (day 4, day 7, On day 11, day 14, day 18 and day 21) The supernatant of the medium was collected.
- Mouse C3H10T1Z2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharmaceutical, CCL 226) and, 1. 25 X 10 4 cells / cm 2 in 24 well plates (solid tons' Dickinson, 2. 5 X 10 4 / well) in uniform Sowing. 18 hours after sowing, 1 ml of the above culture supernatant was added and cultured at 37 ° C. in a 5% CO 2 incubator. After 72 hours, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. It was measured. In this example, when the medium containing this factor was added to mouse C 3H 10 T 1/2 cells, the whole cell of C3H 10T1Z2 cells was compared to the case where the medium not containing this factor was added and cultured. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity value was judged to have an activity to increase alkaline phosphatase activity when it had the ability to increase the value of at least about 1.5 times higher.
- ALP alkaline phosphatase
- soft bone cells having the ability to enlarge were collected from the mouse rib / costal cartilage.
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS, 100 UZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg / m 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B
- the plate was washed by centrifugation (1 70 ⁇ g for 3 minutes), and then stirred with 0.2% collagenase (Collagenase: Invitrogen) ZD-PBS at 37 ° C. for 2.5 hours. After washing by centrifugation (1 70 X g for 3 minutes), with 0.2% dispase (Dispase: manufactured by Invitrogen) / (HAM + 10% FBS) in a stirring flask at 37 ° C, 1 ⁇ Stirred. 0. May exclude overnight treatment with 2% Dispase. The next day, it was filtered and washed by centrifugation (1 70 xg for 3 minutes). The cells were stained with trypan blue, and the number of cells was counted using a microscope.
- a method similar to Example 9 can be used to detect the localization or expression of chondrocyte markers. In addition, it is possible to confirm whether or not the obtained cells are chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication by searching the cells morphologically.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, j3-glyce mouth phosphate 10 mM, ascorbic acid 50 ⁇ gZm 1, 100 U ml penicillin, 0. 1 mg / m 1 streptomycin, and 0. 25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, j3-glyce mouth phosphate 10 mM, ascorbic acid 50 ⁇ gZm 1, 100 U ml penicillin, 0. 1 mg / m 1 streptomycin, and 0. 25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B
- quiescent chondrocytes were collected from costal cartilage. Resting soft bone cells with MEM growth medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS, 1 O OUZml penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m1 amphotericin B) In addition, dilute to 4 X 10 4 cells cm 2 , grow and grow over time (4th day, 7th day, 1st day, 1st day, 14th day, 18th day, 2nd day) ) The supernatant of the medium was collected.
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium)
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- 1 O OUZml penicillin 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin
- Al force phosphatase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Alkaline phosphatase activity was approximately 1.0-fold when the addition of MEM growth medium alone was 1, (see Figure 8 at the bottom of Table 6).
- G C supernatant Culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in each medium
- R C supernatant Culture supernatant obtained by culturing resting chondrocytes in each medium
- Differentiation medium only: MEM differentiation factor production medium itself
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication collected from mouse ribs / costal cartilage are cultured using MEM differentiation factor-producing medium
- the culture supernatant contains mouse C 3 H 10 T 1 Z 2 cell Al It was confirmed that there is a factor that increases force phosphatase activity and induces differentiation in induced osteoblasts.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy were cultured using MEM growth medium, it was confirmed that this factor was not present in the culture supernatant.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication produce factors that induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts when cultured in a MEM differentiation factor production medium.
- Mouse chondrocyte-derived quiescent chondrocytes do not produce factors capable of inducing differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts, whether cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium or MEM growth medium. It was confirmed.
- Example 10 Preparation and detection of cell function regulatory factor produced when cultivating chondrocytes derived from the rabbit ribs and costal cartilage in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- the whole body was immersed in (diluted 10 times) and disinfected.
- the chest was incised, and the ribs and costal cartilage were collected aseptically.
- a translucent growth cartilage portion was collected from the boundary portion of the rib / costal cartilage portion.
- the grown cartilage portion was minced and stirred for 1 hour at 37 ° C. in 0.25% trypsin / EDTA / D—PBS (Dubelc c os Phas ph ph er f e d e s a lin e).
- the plate was washed by centrifugation (170 ⁇ g for 3 minutes), and then stirred with 0.2% collagenase (Col 1 agenase: manufactured by Invitrogen) ZD—PBS at 37 ° C. for 2.5 hours. After washing by centrifugation (3 minutes at 1 70X g), 0.2% dispase (Dispase: manufactured by Invitrogen) in a stir flask at 37 ° C together with HAM + 10% FBS Stir for 1 hour. The next day, it was filtered and washed by centrifugation (170X g for 3 minutes). The cells were stained with trypan blue, and the number of cells was counted using a microscope.
- Example 10 Since the cells obtained in Example 10 were damaged by the enzymes (trypsin, collagenase, despase) used in the separation, the damage was recovered by culturing. Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are identified by confirming the localization or expression of chondrocyte markers and morphological hypertrophy under a microscope.
- the cell lysate obtained by the above operation is treated with SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate).
- SDS-treated solution is subjected to SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis.
- blotting (Western plotting) is performed on the transfer membrane, and primary antibodies against chondrocytes are reacted, and enzymes such as peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, darcosidase, or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), Texas red, 7-amino_4-methylcoumarin-13-acetic acid (AMCA), rhodamine and other fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies are used for detection.
- FITC peroxidase
- PE phycoerythrin
- AMCA 7-amino_4-methylcoumarin-13-acetic acid
- rhodamine other fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies
- the cell culture obtained by the above operation is fixed with 10% neutral formalin buffer, reacted with a primary antibody against a chondrocyte marker, and an enzyme such as peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, darcosidase or FITC, PE, Fluorescence such as Texa Red, AM CA, rhodamine, etc. is detected with a secondary antibody labeled.
- Alkaline phosphatase can also be detected by a staining method.
- the cell culture obtained by the above operation was fixed with 60% acetone / citrate buffer, washed with distilled water, then immersed in a mixture of First Violet B and Naphthol AS-MX, and darkened at room temperature. The reaction is allowed to react for 30 minutes at this point to cause coloration. (Histological search for chondrocyte hypertrophy)
- H AM's F 1 2 culture medium containing 5 X 10 5 cells Centrifuge the H AM's F 1 2 culture medium containing 5 X 10 5 cells. A cell pellet is prepared, this cell pellet is cultured for a certain period, and the size of the cell before culturing and the size of the cell after culturing confirmed under a microscope are compared. When significant growth is confirmed, the cell is determined to be capable of hypertrophy.
- Example 10 By confirming whether or not the cells obtained in Example 10 express a chondrocyte marker, and morphologically hypertrophied, these cells have the ability to enlarge moon cake. It can be confirmed whether it is a chondrocyte or not.
- the chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication obtained in Example 10 were added to a MEM differentiation factor-producing medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FB S (tussive fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, j3—glyce Oral phosphate 10 ⁇ , ascorbic acid 50 ⁇ g Zml, 100 UZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg Zm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B were added to dilute to 4 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 .
- MEM differentiation factor-producing medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FB S (tussive fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, j3—glyce Oral phosphate 10 ⁇ , ascorbic acid 50 ⁇ g Zml, 100 UZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg Zm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B were added to
- the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the whole cell of C3H 10T1Z2 cells was compared to the case where the medium not containing this factor was added and cultured. ) It was judged to have activity to increase alkaline phosphatase activity when it had the ability to increase the value of activity by at least about 1.5 times higher.
- C3H10T 1/2 cells As shown above, it was shown that a factor capable of inducing differentiation of induced osteoblasts increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of C3H10T 1/2 cells, one of the induced osteoblast markers. . Furthermore, in alkaline phosphatase staining of C3H10T 1/2 cells, when this induced osteoblast differentiation-inducing factor was added to C3H10 T1 / 2 cells and cultured for 72 hours, C3H10T1 / 2 cells Shows a marked red color. This indicates that alkaline phosphatase is also expressed by the staining method. As a result, it was confirmed that C3H10T1 / 2 cells differentiated into induced osteoblasts.
- ALP alkaline phosphatase
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication were collected from the rabbit ribs and costal cartilage. Chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy are treated with MEM growth medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS, 100 UZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 gZm 1 amphotericin B). 4 x 10 4 cells diluted in Zcm 2 , cultured and over time (Day 4, Day 7, Day 1, Day 14, Day 18, Day 21) The supernatant was collected.
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS, 100 UZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 gZm 1 amphotericin B.
- Example 10 Using the same method and criteria as in Example 10, it is confirmed whether the cell culture supernatant obtained by the above operation expresses an induced osteoblast marker for C3H10T 1-2 cells. be able to.
- the localization or expression of the chondrocyte marker is detected and morphologically searched, and the resulting cells are not capable of hypertrophication. Whether it is a cell or not can be confirmed. (Detection of factors produced when quiescent chondrocytes collected from shark cartilage are cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium)
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, / 3-glyceose phosphate 1 OmM, ascorbic acid Add 50 ⁇ g / m 1, 100 U / ml penicillin, 0.1 rngZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 g / m 1 amphotericin B), dilute to 4 x 10 4 cells Zcm 2 , incubate, over time (4th day, 7th day, 1st day, 14th day, 18th day, 21st day) The supernatant of each medium was collected.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (ussi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM, / 3-glyceose phosphate 1 OmM, ascorbic acid Add 50 ⁇ g / m 1, 100 U / ml penicillin, 0.1 rngZm 1 str
- Mouse C3H10T 1/2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., CCL-226) were seeded in a 24-well plate, 18 hours later, the culture supernatant lm 1 was added, and 5% CO at 37 ° C was added. Incubated in 2 incubators. 72 hours later, same as Example 1 Al force phosphatase activity was measured by the same method.
- Resting chondrocytes were collected from costal cartilage by the same method as in Comparative Example 10B. Resting chondrocytes with MEM growth medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 g / m 1 amphotericin B) 4 X 10 4 cells were diluted to 4 cm 2 , cultured, and the supernatant of the medium was collected over time (on the 4th, 7th, 11th, 14th, 18th, and 21st days).
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZm 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 g / m 1 amphotericin B
- Mouse C3H10T1 / 2 cells (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharmaceutical, CCL 226) were seeded into 2 4 well plates, after 18 hours by addition of media lm 1 above, 5% C0 2 incubator one at 37 ° C Incubated in. After 72 hours, the Al force phosphatase activity was measured by the same method as in Example 1.
- Chondrocytes that do not have hypertrophicity derived from the rabbit cartilage can be differentiated into induced osteoblasts regardless of whether they are cultured in the MEM differentiation factor production medium or the MEM growth medium. It was confirmed that no factor having the ability to be produced was produced.
- Example 11 Medium for culturing undifferentiated cells (Undifferentiated cell culture medium) Force Examination of influence on differentiation induction of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts)
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Using the same method as in B and 1D, chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication or quiescent chondrocytes and articular cartilage cells not capable of hypertrophication were collected. The cells were seeded at respective 4 X 10 4 cells / cm 2 in MEM differentiation agent producing medium and the MEM growth medium, were cultured in 5% C0 2 incubator base one coater in at 37 ° C, over time ( (4th day, 7th day, 11th day, 14th day, 18th day, 21st day) Each culture supernatant was obtained. Mouse C3H10T1Z2 cells were used as undifferentiated cells.
- GC differentiation supernatant chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- Culture supernatant GC growth supernatant chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication cultured in MEM growth medium Culture supernatant
- RC differentiation supernatant culture supernatant of resting chondrocytes cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- RC growth supernatant culture supernatant of resting chondrocytes cultured in MEM growth medium
- AC differentiation supernatant Culture supernatant of articular chondrocytes cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- AC growth supernatant Culture supernatant of articular chondrocytes cultured in MEM growth medium
- Differentiation medium only: MEM differentiation factor production medium itself
- the alkaline phosphatase activity of MEM differentiation factor-producing medium supplemented with culture supernatants of cultured chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy is An increase in alkaline phosphatase activity that was approximately 6.7 times higher than that obtained by adding only the factor production medium was observed.
- a culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy using MEM growth medium was added, no increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed.
- use MEM differentiation factor-producing medium or add culture supernatant When using static chondrocytes and articular cartilage-derived chondrocytes that do not have hypertrophication ability, use MEM differentiation factor-producing medium or add culture supernatant. However, no increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in any of the cultured culture supernatants (see Table 7 and Figure 9).
- Example 12 Degeneration by heat of a factor produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication that induces differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts
- M EM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (tussive fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyceose phosphate 1 OmM, false Add 50 ⁇ g Zm 1, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg / ml streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B to dilute to 4 X 10 4 cells / cm 2 Over time (Day 4, Day 7, Day 1, Day 14, Day 18, Day 21) The supernatant of the medium was collected. The culture supernatant was heat-treated in boiling water for 3 minutes.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium), 15% FBS (tussive fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyceose phosphate 1 OmM, false Add 50 ⁇ g Zm 1, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg / ml streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g
- Mouse C 3H 10 T 1/2 cells (1.25 x 10 4 cells Zcm 2 ) were cultured in BME medium, and after 18 hours, unheated culture supernatant, heat-treated culture supernatant, MEM Only 1 ml of each differentiation factor production medium was added. After 72 hours, Al force phosphatase activity was measured using the same method as in Example 1.
- the culture supernatant is obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication that has not been heat-treated in the MEM differentiation factor production medium.
- Alkaline phosphatase activity was about 12.8 fold when the solution was added, but when the culture supernatant was heat-treated, alkaline phosphatase activity decreased about 1.6 fold ( (See Table 8 and Figure 10).
- the factor that has the ability to induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts in the culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in MEM differentiation factor production medium is It was confirmed to denature (deactivate).
- Heat treatment A culture supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication in a MEM differentiation factor production medium and heat-treated.
- Differentiation medium only: MEM differentiation factor production medium itself
- Example 13 Effect when a composite material using a chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication and a biocompatible scaffold having the ability to produce a factor capable of inducing induced osteoblast differentiation is transplanted subcutaneously
- chondrocytes derived from the ribs / costal cartilage and having the potential for hypertrophy were prepared.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium was added and diluted to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells Zm 1.
- the cell solution, to each of the collagen gel, Al Gin acid and Matrigel TM (Betaton 'Dickinson) were seeded evenly one at 37 ° C, and cultured for 1 week in 5% CO 2 incubator one, double A composite material was prepared.
- a MEM differentiation factor production medium was used for the culture.
- X-ray photography X-rays were taken at 100 KV from the vertical direction using a micro CT imaging device (Toyo Tech Niriki Co., Ltd., high resolution X-ray micro CT scanner SKYSCAN1 1 72).
- Micro CT imaging Using the same micro CT device, each X-ray was imaged by rotating it by 0.4 degrees at 1001 :, reconstructed with the attached software NR econ, and three-dimensional with 3D volume rendering software VGS tudio Max An image was obtained.
- HE staining Slices and stripped sections were immersed in hematoxylin solution for 5-10 minutes, washed with water, colored, and then immersed in eosin solution for 3-5 minutes.
- TB staining Dilute slices and remove paraffin sections in 0.05% toluidine blue liquor for 15 to 30 minutes. .
- SO staining sliced, deparaffinized sections in iron immersed in matoxylin solution for 5_15 minutes, washed with water, fractionated (hydrochloric alcohol), colored, 1% acetic acid solution, first green solution 1-5 minutes, 1% acetic acid Solution, Safranin O solution 3-5 minutes immersion.
- the hypertrophic potential prepared by Examples 2-3 (rat), 4-5 (human), 7 (rat), 9 (mouse), 10 (rabbit) was used.
- the effect can be examined when a composite material is produced using existing chondrocytes and transplanted subcutaneously in syngeneic animals or immunodeficient animals.
- scaffolds having biocompatibility for example, hydroxyapatite, PuraMatrix TM (Becton Dickinson, catalog number 354250, BD PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel), collagen (sponge) It is possible to study the effects when a composite material is produced using gelatin (sponge) and agarose and transplanted subcutaneously in syngeneic animals or immunodeficient animals.
- Comparative Example 13 A Effect of transplanting a composite material using chondrocytes that do not have hypertrophication ability and a biocompatible scaffold subcutaneously
- HE hematoxylin-eosin
- TB toluidine blue
- AB Alcian blue
- SO safranin O
- scaffolds having biocompatibility for example, hydroxyapatite, PuraMatrix TM (Betaton Dickinson, catalog number 354250, BD PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel), collagen (sponge), It is also possible to study the effects when a composite material is manufactured using gelatin (sponge) or agarose and transplanted subcutaneously.
- Comparative Example 13B Effect in the case where the scaffold is transplanted subcutaneously alone
- a method similar to that in Example 13 was used except that the scaffold was transplanted alone. Scaffolding der Ruhi Dorokishiapatai door, collagen gel, alginic acid or Matrigel TM,
- Pu aMa trix TM Betaton Dickinson, Cat. No. 354250, BD Pu Ma Matrix peptide hydrogel), collagen (sponge), gelatin (sponge) ) Alone and transplanted subcutaneously in syngeneic or immunodeficient animals to examine the effect on each scaffold.
- Example 14 Effect of transplanting subcutaneously a pellet of chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication having the ability to produce a factor capable of inducing induced osteoblast differentiation
- chondrocytes derived from the ribs / costal cartilage and having the potential for hypertrophy were prepared.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium was added and diluted to 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells 0.5 ml.
- centrifuging this cell fluid 1000 rpm (1 70 X g) x 5 min
- the chondrocyte pellet with the potential for hypertrophy has the ability to produce a factor with the ability to induce differentiation of induced osteoblasts.
- Fig. 35A Fig. 35A
- This pellet was cultured at 37 ° C for 1 week, and then transplanted subcutaneously to the back of syngeneic animals.
- a MEM differentiation factor production medium was used for the culture.
- these syngeneic animals were sacrificed, the transplant site was excised, fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin, X-ray and micro CT scans were embedded in paraffin.
- Thin sliced specimens were prepared according to a conventional method. Using a method similar to that in Example 13, hematoxylin monoazine (H E) Staining, Toluidine blue (TB) staining, Alcian blue (AB) staining, Safranin O (SO) staining, and the state of the transplanted site were confirmed.
- H E hematoxylin monoazine
- TB Toluidine blue
- AB Alcian blue
- SO Safranin O
- the hypertrophic potential prepared by Examples 2-3 (rat), 4-5 (human), 7 (rat), 9 (mouse), 10 (rabbit) was used.
- Cell pellets can be prepared using existing chondrocytes and the effects when transplanted under the skin of syngeneic animals or immunodeficient animals can be investigated.
- the cells were cultured at 37 ° C for 1 week (Fig. 35B). This pellet was then implanted subcutaneously in the back of syngeneic rats. Using the same method as in Example 14, the effect of transplanting a composite material using a chondrocyte and a biocompatible scaffold was observed at the transplant site. As a result, no bone formation was observed at the transplant site (FIGS. 35E to F and FIG. 38).
- Cell pellets are prepared using chondrocytes prepared from 4 B (human), 5 B (human), 9 B (mouse), and 10 B (rabbit) and not capable of hypertrophication. Then, it is implanted subcutaneously in syngeneic animals or immunodeficient animals. After transplantation, using the same method as in Example 14, a cell pellet of chondrocytes without hypertrophication at the transplant site The effect of transplanting can be observed.
- Example 1 Relation between BMP and TGF and factors having induced osteoblast differentiation inducing ability produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication were collected from the rat rib / costal cartilage.
- This hypertrophic chondrocyte can be transformed into MEM differentiation factor production medium (minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS (Ushi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyce mouth phosphate 1 OmM Ascorbic acid 50 ⁇ g / m 1, 10 OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ju g / m 1 amphotericin B) are added to 4 X 10 4 cells Zcm 2 Diluted and cultured, and the supernatant of each medium was collected over time. Thereafter, the following assay was performed to measure the activity of al force phosphatase.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS (Ushi fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 nM,] 3-glyce mouth phosphate 1 OmM As
- HPD L cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 5 ⁇ 10 4 / well and cultured for 24 hours. The culture medium was replaced with a medium containing ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 a, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and a test sample. 9 After incubation for 6 hours, the cells were washed with PBS, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured.
- BMP Atsey was conducted using the method described in Iwata, T. et al .: Noggin Blocks Osteoinductive Activity of Porcine Enamel Extracts. J. Dent. Res., 81: 387-391, 2002. did. ST 2 cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 5 ⁇ 10 4 / well and cultured for 24 hours. The culture medium was replaced with a medium containing 200 nM a 1 1-trans retinoic acid and a test sample. 7 After 2 hours of incubation, washed with PBS. The alkaline phosphatase activity was then measured.
- the l Omm p-Nitorofu Enirurin acid as a substrate 1 0 Omm 2- Amino one 2-Methyl containing 5mM Mg C 1 2 - 1, 3 -propanediol-HCl buffer (. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0) in And allowed to react at 37 ° C for 8 minutes. After adding NaOH, the absorbance at 405 nm was measured.
- TGF j3 activity was observed in the MEM differentiation factor production medium supernatant containing the induced osteoblast differentiation factor. In other words, it was proved that TGF / 3 was present in this differentiation factor-producing medium (see Fig. 11A). BMP activity was also slightly observed (see Figure 11 B). The BMP system is inhibited by the presence of TGF j3. Nevertheless, alkaline phosphatase activity increased in the differentiation factor production medium supernatant in the presence of TGF] 3. From the above results, it is considered that this increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was induced by an induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor other than BMP.
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication were cultured in a MEM differentiation factor production medium in the same manner as in Example 1, and the supernatant collected over time from 4 days to 3 weeks was used as a centrifugal filter. Centrifuge at 4000 Xg for 30 minutes at 4 ° C, and centrifuge ultrafiltration under conditions to separate high and low molecular fractions. And fractions with a molecular weight of 50,000 or less, and at the same time, fractions with a molecular weight of 50,000 or more were concentrated 10 times. The concentrated medium supernatant was diluted 5-fold with a differentiation factor-producing medium. For this centrifugation, a 50K membrane (Millipore, Amicon Ultra 15, 50, 000 NMWL, catalog number U F C 905024) was used.
- Superporous hydroxyapatite (Apaceram AX filler: Lot. 0323 1 710, 3 mm square) and a diluting solution in which the apatite is sufficiently immersed (for example, diluting solution lm 1 for 10 apatite granules) was degassed by pulling it into a syringe barrel. At this time, about 0.3 ml of a diluted solution adhered to hydroxyapatite.
- BME medium was used as a medium for culturing mouse C3H10 T1 / 2 cells. After 72 hours, the abatite was taken out, and al force phosphatase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 16 As a comparative example, the same method as in Example 16 was used to prepare a solution obtained by immersing CAPASERAM AX in a differentiation factor production medium, CAPASERAM AX alone, or differentiation factor production medium alone (1 ml). Next, in the same manner as in Example 11, 18 hours ago, seeded mouse C3H1 0T 1Z2 cells (1.25 ⁇ 10 4 cells Zcm 2 in BME medium) were soaked with capaceram AX in differentiation factor production medium (10 grains of Zwe 1 1), Apaceram AX alone, differentiation factor production medium alone (1 ml) were added, and these were taken out after 72 hours. Subsequently, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by the same method as in Example 1. Furthermore, RNA was extracted by the same method as in Example 16.
- the differentiation factor production medium was set to 1
- the Al force phosphatase activity was 5.8 in the case where CAPASERAM AX was soaked in the culture supernatant containing the osteoblast differentiation factor, and CAPASERAM AX was differentiated. It was 1.4 when immersed in the factor production medium, and 1.4 when using CAPASERAM AX alone (Table 11 and Fig. 12).
- Differentiation medium + Apatite Apataselam AX soaked in differentiation factor production medium
- Apatite alone Apacaselam AX alone
- Differentiation medium only: MEM differentiation factor production medium itself
- the composite material using the osteoblast differentiation inducing factor and the biocompatible scaffold induces undifferentiated cells to osteoblasts and produces osteoblasts.
- Example 1 Effect when a composite material using an osteoblast differentiation inducing factor and a biocompatible scaffold is transplanted into a bone defect site and subcutaneously)
- cells having hypertrophication ability were obtained from 4-week-old male rats (Wistar system) and 8-week-old male rats (Wistar system).
- This chondrocyte capable of hypertrophication was cultured in a differentiation factor production medium, and the culture supernatant was obtained.
- the culture supernatant was centrifuged at 4000 X g, 4 for 30 minutes using a 50K membrane (Millipore, Amicon Ultra 15, 50,000 NMWL, catalog number UFC 905024) to obtain a molecular weight of 50,000 or less.
- the components having a molecular weight of 50,000 or more were concentrated 10 times.
- the concentrated solution was frozen, centrifuged, and pulverized with an electric pulverizer (Cryopress CP — 100 W, Microtech Nichion). 30 mg of this dried powder was collected and combined into a scaffold.
- a collagen gel was prepared using a collagen kit (collagen gel culture kit, Nitta Gelatin Co., Ltd.) as a scaffold.
- the collagen gel is composed of acidic collagen solution 0.8m1, reconstitution buffer (26OmM NaHC03, 20OmM HEPES, 5OmM NaOH) 0.1m1, dry powder 30mg It was prepared by mixing and setting the temperature to 37 degrees. The size of the composite was 1 ⁇ 1. 5 cm 3. This composite material was cut according to the size of the defect to be embedded.
- the syngeneic or immunodeficient animals to be transplanted were anesthetized, the skin of the femur or tibia was aseptically incised, the soft tissue was deflected, and the bone defect creation site of the femur or tibia was exposed.
- the skin of the skull is incised to expose the bone defect creation site of the skull.
- a trephine bar or disc was attached to the dental perforator to create a perforated bone defect or a transected bone defect.
- the femur is removed 4 weeks after transplantation, and bone formation is evaluated by micro CT measurement and tissue preparation.
- a pocket is created by inserting a round tip scissor into the wound and peeling the skin from the subcutaneous tissue.
- a subcutaneous pocket with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm is made subcutaneously on the back of a rat (Wistar, 10 weeks old, male), and the above composite material is implanted. Thereafter, the bone forming ability is evaluated. (Micro CT)
- the excised sample is fixed with 10% neutral formalin buffer according to a conventional method.
- the CT image obtained by applying the fixed sample to micro CT is analyzed with the new bone mass measurement software.
- a fixed sample is embedded in paraffin and a sliced slice is prepared. Bone formation is determined by staining the prepared slices.
- a composite material is prepared by the above method and transplanted to the bone defect site and subcutaneous region of the rat. Evaluate the osteogenic ability of the transplanted site.
- Bone formation can be determined by using a composite material using the scaffolds listed in Table 12 as the scaffold and transplanting into subcutaneous and bone defect sites using the Mic mouth CT and tissue specimens.
- Example A Effect of implanting the scaffold alone subcutaneously and at a bone defect site
- the scaffolds listed in Table 12 were each independently used in syngeneic animals or immunodeficiency. It can be determined whether or not bone formation is observed when transplanted subcutaneously and into bone defect sites in animals. When transplanted to a bone defect site, bone formation occurs even with the scaffold alone, but the amount of the osteoblast differentiation inducer produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy can be determined using the method of Example 17. This can be compared to when a composite material with a scaffold is transplanted.
- Example 1 Induction of osteoblasts by induced osteoblast differentiation inducer produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy
- chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication were cultured in a MEM differentiation factor production medium in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the supernatant collected over time from 4 days to 3 weeks is placed in a centrifugal filter and centrifuged for 30 minutes at 4 000 Xg and 4 ° C to obtain a high molecular fraction and a low molecular fraction.
- the supernatant is separated into a fraction having a molecular weight of 50,000 or more and a fraction having a molecular weight of 50,000 or less, and at the same time a molecular weight of 50,00 Zero or more fractions were concentrated 10 times.
- the concentrated medium supernatant was diluted 5-fold with a differentiation factor-producing medium.
- a 50 K membrane (Millipore Corp., Amicon Norretra 15, 5, 50, NMWL, catalog number UFC 9500 2 4) was used.
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS, 10 OU / m 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZml streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin.
- MEM growth medium minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FBS, 10 OU / m 1 penicillin, 0.1 mgZml streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin.
- B 10-15 ml was added and the bone marrow was flushed out.
- This bone marrow fluid was seeded in a T-75 flask (Betaton Dickinson), and the final culture volume was 3 Om 1.
- This bone marrow fluid was cultured at 37 ° C for 1 week.
- As the medium a MEM differentiation factor production medium was used. The culture medium was exchanged half a time twice a week.
- Cells that adhered to the bottom surface after 1 week were regarded as undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
- the cells were washed with Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Sline, Invitrogen, Kataguchi No. 14190 (D-PBS), detached with 0.05% trypsin solution (Invito Kogen), and centrifuged. (170 Xg, 3 minutes) Collected and washed before use.
- Bone marrow-derived undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells prepared in this Example (1 X 1 0- 5 m 1 / we ll) were seeded in Ueru, MEM growth medium (Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) and 15% FBS, 10 Cultured with OUZm 1 penicillin, 0.1 mg Zrnl streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g / m 1 amphotericin B) for 18 hours.
- MEM growth medium Minimum Essential Medium (MEM)
- FBS FBS
- MEM differentiation factor production medium containing factors (minimum essential medium (MEM medium) and 15% FB S (usual fetal serum), dexamethasone 10 ⁇ , ⁇ -glyce mouth phosphate 1 OmM, ascorbic acid 50 ⁇ gZm 1, 10 OU / m 1 penicillin, o. 1 mg / m 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B) or factor-free differentiation factor production medium (differentiation factor production medium).
- MEM medium minimum essential medium
- FB S usual fetal serum
- dexamethasone 10 ⁇ ⁇
- ⁇ -glyce mouth phosphate 1 OmM ascorbic acid 50 ⁇ gZm 1, 10 OU / m 1 penicillin, o. 1 mg / m 1 streptomycin, and 0.25 ⁇ g Zm 1 amphotericin B
- factor-free differentiation factor production medium differentiated factor production medium
- al force phosphatase activity which is
- CAPASERAM AX manufactured by HOYA, artificial bones AB-01 and GA-3 was used.
- Diluted solution in which CAPASERAM AX is immersed for example, diluted lm with respect to 10 particles of the patite granules)
- Apaceram AX were degassed by pulling them into the syringe barrel, and approximately 0.3 ml of the diluted solution adhered to the hydroxypatite.
- apaceram AX impregnated with a factor-containing MEM differentiation factor production medium or a factor-free differentiation factor production medium (differentiation factor production medium itself) is applied to the well containing the cells cultured in this example. After addition, the cells were further cultured for 72 hours. Thereafter, the activity of al force phosphatase, an osteoblast marker, was measured. The measurement of Al force phosphatase activity was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in the table below.
- Factor (1) 0.085 0.077 0.077 0.080 1 Factor (+): Group to which Apacaselam AX impregnated with differentiation factor production medium containing factor was added.
- an induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy increases alkaline phosphatase activity in primary rat bone marrow-derived undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells.
- Example 1 Effect of transplanting a composite material using an osteoblast differentiation factor and a biocompatible scaffold to a bone defect site
- This concentrated solution was frozen, centrifuged, and pulverized with an electric pulverizer (Cryopress CP-100W, Microtech Nichion). 30 mg of this pulverized and dried product was collected and combined into a scaffold.
- an electric pulverizer (Cryopress CP-100W, Microtech Nichion). 30 mg of this pulverized and dried product was collected and combined into a scaffold.
- a mixture of the freeze-dried product and collagen gel was embedded in the bone defect site prepared as described above.
- the diaphysis near the lateral epiphysis of the opposite femur has the same size bone Defects were created and collagen gel alone was embedded (stored overnight at 37 ° C using 0.1 ml MEM solution instead of lyophilizate).
- the micro CT equipment used was a SKYSCAN 1 1 72 high-resolution X-ray micro CT scanner manufactured by Toyo Tech Niki Co., Ltd. 1001: Rotate by 0.4 degrees to photograph each lentogen, reconstruct it with the attached software NR econ, and obtain a 3D image with 3D volume rendering software VGS tudio Max (Japan Visual Science Co., Ltd.) ( Figures 41-42).
- HE staining Slices and stripped sections were immersed in hematoxylin solution for 5-10 minutes, washed with water, colored, and then immersed in ⁇ zin solution for 3-5 minutes.
- Samples 1 and 2 are groups in which a bone defect having a diameter of 3.0 was created
- samples 3 and 4 are groups in which a bone defect having a diameter of 2.5 mm was created.
- C o 1 A bone defect was created in the left and right femurs of the same rat, and C o 1 (collagen alone was transplanted) on either one.
- GC Fact And collagen
- Example 20 Effect of factors on differentiation induction from rat bone marrow-derived undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts
- Example 2 the same method as in Example 1 was used to prepare a cell function regulator that is produced when rat chondrocytes derived from rat calcaneus / costal cartilage are cultured in a MEM differentiation factor production medium. did.
- the following sample solution (each 1 ml) was added to the primary rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 18 hours after the start of the culture of the primary rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the MEM growth medium. Furthermore, the cells were cultured for 72 hours, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by the same method as in Example 1.
- the supernatant containing the induced osteoblast differentiation factor does not contain conventional low molecular weight components (including dexamethasone). Since the effect of the supernatant containing it is considered to be the effect of the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor itself, from the results of this example, the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is a conventional osteoblast differentiation component. Dexamethasone is also considered to be highly capable of inducing differentiation into osteoblasts.
- Example 20 B Supernatant force obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in MEM growth medium Effect on rat primary bone marrow-derived undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells
- Example 18 In the same manner as in Example 18, primary rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were prepared.
- the following sample solution (each 1 ml) was added to the primary rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 18 hours after the start of the culture of the above-mentioned primary rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the MEM growth medium. Furthermore, the cells were cultured for 72 hours, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by the same method as in Example 1.
- the added sample solution is a supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in MEM differentiation factor production medium.
- the added sample solution is a supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in MEM growth medium
- the added sample solution is MEM growth medium
- rat-derived hypertrophied chondrocytes cultured on HAM differentiation factor-producing medium on rat primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be confirmed by using the same method as in this example. it can.
- Example 21 A Effect of factors on differentiation induction from undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts
- Example 2 the same method as in Example 1 was used to prepare a cell function regulator that is produced when rat chondrocytes derived from rat calcaneus / costal cartilage are cultured in a MEM differentiation factor production medium. did.
- a human mesenchymal stem cell line (hMSC: PT-2501) was purchased from Cambrex and cultured for one week. 2. The cell solution of 5 X 10- 4 pieces m 1, were seeded 1ml in 24-well plates and cultured in MSCGM media ( ⁇ medium).
- ME M differentiation factor production medium only medium not containing the factor according to the present invention but containing dexamethasone; Maniatopoorus osteoblast differentiation medium
- human stem cells When a supernatant containing an induced osteoblast differentiation factor was added, human stem cells increased alkaline phosphatase activity by a factor of 5 or more compared to the addition of MEM growth medium containing neither factor nor dexamethasone.
- human mesenchymal stem cells increase alkaline phosphatase activity even when only differentiation factor-producing medium containing dexamethasone but not induced osteoblast differentiation inducer is added, but induced osteoblast differentiation inducer It was a little compared with the one containing the supernatant containing it. From the results shown in Fig. 8, etc., it is considered that the supernatant containing the induced osteoblast differentiation factor does not contain conventional low molecular weight components (including dexamethasone).
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor is the conventional osteoblast differentiation induction.
- the component dexamethasone is also considered to have a high ability to induce differentiation into osteoblasts.
- MEM differentiation factor production medium only medium not containing the factor according to the present invention but containing dexamethasone; Maniatopoorus osteoblast differentiation medium-
- the supernatant containing the induced osteoblast differentiation factor contains a conventional low molecular weight component (including dexamethasone).
- the effect of the supernatant containing the induced osteoblast differentiation factor is considered to be the effect of the induced osteoblast differentiation factor itself.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor dexamethasone, which is a conventional osteoblast differentiation component, is considered to have a high ability to induce differentiation into osteoblasts.
- Example 21 B Effect of chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy on culture supernatant in MEM growth medium, influence on human undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells
- hMSC Human undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells
- GCZ differentiation The added sample solution is a supernatant of hypertrophic chondrocytes cultured in MEM differentiation factor production medium
- the added sample solution is a supernatant obtained by culturing chondrocytes capable of hypertrophy in MEM growth medium.
- the added sample solution is MEM growth medium
- rat-derived chondrocytes cultured in HAM differentiation factor production medium on human mesenchymal stem cells can also be confirmed by using the same method as in this example.
- Example 2 Effect of induced osteoblast differentiation inducer on rat bone marrow-derived undifferentiated cells
- Rat femurs are collected, soft tissue is removed, and both bone ends are dissected.
- the medium is taken into a syringe, and the bone marrow is flushed out with the medium through the needle from both ends of the femur into the bone marrow.
- the obtained cells mixture were pipetted, (one femoral one the T-75 flask) T one 75 were seeded into a flask, and cultured at 37 ° C, C0 2 incubator. Change the medium three times a week, half by half. After 7-10 days in culture, the adherent cells are removed with 0.05% trypsin-EDTA.
- the induced osteoblast differentiation inducing factor prepared in this example is added to each culture of rat bone marrow-derived undifferentiated cells and further cultured. Thereafter, using the same method as in Example 1, the ability of the induced osteoblast differentiation inducer to induce rat bone marrow-derived undifferentiated cells into induced osteoblasts is evaluated.
- Osteoblasts derived from bone marrow-derived undifferentiated stem cells by conventional methods were used. Specifically, undifferentiated stem cells were collected from rat femur bone marrow according to the method described in Maniatopoulos et al., Cell Tissue Res, 254: 317-330, 1988, and the undifferentiated stem cells were centrifuged (170-200 X in the Peretsuto by 3-5 minutes) at g, 3 7 ° C, 5 % C0 2 incubator for 2 weeks in one medium, also referred to as a partial inhibit factor production medium in the proposed medium (herein by Maniatopoulos. ) Cultured in (1) was used.
- Example 2 Using the same method as in Example 1, a real-time PCR reaction was performed, and the expression level of each cell marker was measured with a ryanoretime PCR instrument (AB I, PR ISM 7900HT). After the PCR reaction, the threshold value was set and the arrival cycle was calculated using the analysis software built in the instrument (PRISM 7900HT). The average value of the expression level was calculated by dividing the value of each cell marker by the value of GAPDH. As a result, chondrocytes not capable of hypertrophication expressed type I collagen and adalican, but did not express alga phosphatase or osteocalcin (Comparative Example 1B, Table II).
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US12/665,318 US20100297210A1 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2008-06-20 | Repair and treatment of bone defect using agent produced by chondrocytes capable of hypertrophication and scaffold |
JP2009520645A JPWO2008156221A1 (ja) | 2007-06-20 | 2008-06-20 | 肥大化能を有する軟骨細胞の産生する因子と足場による骨欠損の修復と治療 |
DE112008001641T DE112008001641T5 (de) | 2007-06-20 | 2008-06-20 | Reparatur und Behandlung von Knochendefekt unter Verwendung von einem durch hypertrophierungsfähige Chondrozyten hergestellten Wirkstoff und Gerüst |
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JP2020512833A (ja) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-04-30 | セラム バイオメディカル, インコーポレイテッド | 生体適合性馴化細胞培地組成物およびその使用 |
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EP1964583A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-09-03 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | Process for producing a collagen/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold |
US10767164B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2020-09-08 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Microenvironments for self-assembly of islet organoids from stem cells differentiation |
RU2765850C1 (ru) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-02-03 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО СтГМУ Минздрава России) | Остеопластическая композиция для ремоделирования периимплантной зоны челюстной кости |
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