WO2008150261A1 - Détection et quantification de la calichéamicine - Google Patents

Détection et quantification de la calichéamicine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008150261A1
WO2008150261A1 PCT/US2007/013303 US2007013303W WO2008150261A1 WO 2008150261 A1 WO2008150261 A1 WO 2008150261A1 US 2007013303 W US2007013303 W US 2007013303W WO 2008150261 A1 WO2008150261 A1 WO 2008150261A1
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calicheamicin
carrier
sodium
antibody
antigen
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PCT/US2007/013303
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English (en)
Inventor
Yuzhu Xue
Jennifer A. Davis
Zhiping Jiang
Peter Amorusi
Allena J. Ji
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Wyeth
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Priority to PCT/US2007/013303 priority Critical patent/WO2008150261A1/fr
Publication of WO2008150261A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008150261A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/94—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving narcotics or drugs or pharmaceuticals, neurotransmitters or associated receptors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/6807—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug or compound being a sugar, nucleoside, nucleotide, nucleic acid, e.g. RNA antisense
    • A61K47/6809—Antibiotics, e.g. antitumor antibiotics anthracyclins, adriamycin, doxorubicin or daunomycin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6849—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a receptor, a cell surface antigen or a cell surface determinant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
    • G01N2333/902—Oxidoreductases (1.)
    • G01N2333/906—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7)

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to assays for the detection of the calicheamicin portion of a calicheamicin carrier conjugate in general.
  • the invention is directed to assays wherein the calicheamicin is detected after disruption of a covalent bond between the calicheamicin and the carrier.
  • Calicheamicin-antibody complexes have been known to be useful in delivering the calicheamicin free radical to a target site for cancer treatment.
  • Such drug-carrier-conjugates have the general structural formula as shown in Figure 1 and comprise a calicheamicin molecule covalently bound to an antibody.
  • the antibody can be a monoclonal antibody that has specificity for a particular cell type, thus targeting the calicheamicin to the particular cell.
  • the antibody is bound to calicheamicin via a bifunctional linker that comprises 4-(4-acetylphenoxy) butanoic acid (AcBut) (See, e.g., US Patent Publication 2004/0082764).
  • the bifunctional linker can be bound to the antibody at one end and to calicheamicin by a disulfide bond with a sulfur near the terminus of a methyltruslfide calicheamicin compound.
  • the bifunctionai linker between the calicheamicin and the antibody is hydrolysable, allowing for release of the drug from the conjugate after binding to the target.
  • the calicheamicin component of the molecule is N-acetyl gamma dimethyl hydrazide calicheamicin.
  • calicheamicin can easily be detected when released from a calicheamicin carrier conjugate.
  • the release of the calicheamicin involves the disruption of the disulfide bond present between calicheamicin and the bifunctional linker portion of a calicheamicin-antibody conjugate. Once the calicheamicin is separated from the carrier, the detection of the calicheamicin can occur.
  • the detection and quantitation of calicheamicin can be hindered by the presence of a 1,4-diylradical generated by the disruption of the disulfide bond within the calicheamicin-carrier conjugate and the molecular rearrangement thereafter.
  • the generation of the calicheamicin free radicals is a direct consequence of reduction of the disulfide bond.
  • the chemical process is outlined as follows:
  • the invention provides a method for detecting total calicheamicin present in a fluid sample from a subject that has been treated with a drug-carrier conjugate, the method comprising disrupting a bond between the calicheamicin and the carrier and detecting the total amount of calicheamicin present in the sample.
  • the drug carrier conjugate is calicheamicin bound to an antibody.
  • the detection of ca ⁇ cheamicin is performed using one or more of the assay techniques of liquid chromatography and mass spectrophotometry.
  • the disruption of the bond between calicheamicin and the carrier comprises the disruption of a disulfide bond between a bifunctional linker that links the calicheamicin to the carrier.
  • the disulfide bond is disrupted by the addition of a reducing agent.
  • the present invention further provides the use of a free radical scavenger to terminate the free radical chain reaction generated by disruption of the disulfide bond linking calicheamicin to the bifunctional linker.
  • the invention provides a method to detect total calicheamicin in a sample after dissociation of a calicheamicin-monoclonal antibody conjugate, the method comprising the following steps: a) disrupting a covalent bond between calicheamicin and the monoclonal antibody and b) detecting the calicheamicin released from the calicheamicin-antibody conjugate.
  • the covalent bond disrupted between calicheamicin and the antibody component is a disulfide bond between the bifunctional linker linking the antibody to the calicheamicin and the calicheamicin.
  • the disulfide bond is disrupted by the addition of a reducing agent.
  • the invention provides a method to detect total calicheamicin after dissociation of the calicheamicin-monoclonal antibody complex, the method comprising the following steps: a) disrupting the disulfide covalent bond between calicheamicin and the carrier component and b) detecting the calicheamicin released from the calicheamicin-carrier conjugate.
  • the invention provides a method to detect total calicheamicin after dissociation of the calicheamicin-monoclonal antibody complex, the method comprising the following steps: a) disrupting a covalent bond between calicheamicin and a linker which links the calicheamicin to the carrier component wherein the covalent bond is disrupted by hydrolysis of the bifunctional linker linking calicheamicin to the antibody and b) detecting the calicheamicin released from the calicheamicin-carrier conjugate.
  • the invention provides any one or more of the methods described herein wherein the method used to detect the calicheamicin released from the drug-carrier conjugate includes mass spectrometry.
  • the invention provides any one or more of the methods described herein wherein the method used to detect the calicheamicin released from the drug-carrier conjugate is a process selected from the group consisting of: Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization (SELDI); Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/lonization quadropole time-of- flight (MALDI -TOF); multiple sequential mass spectrometry (MS/MS), sequential time-of-f light (TOF-TOF), electrospray ionization quadropole time-of-flight (ESI-O- TOF) and ION-TRAP.
  • the mass spectrometry used to detect calicheamicin is multiple sequential spectrometry and comprises liquid chromatography LC/MS/MS.
  • the invention provides any one or more of the methods described herein wherein the disruption of the disulfide bond present in the calicheamicin-carrier conjugate is disrupted by the addition of a reducing agent.
  • the method for disrupting the disulfide bond present in the calicheamicin-carrier conjugate is carried out by adding dithiothreitol (DTT).
  • the invention provides any one or more of the methods described herein wherein the disruption of the covalent bond between calicheamicin and the carrier component of the drug-carrier conjugate is disrupted by hydrolysis.
  • the method for disrupting the covalent bond between calicheamicin and the carrier comprises incubating the sample in an acidic pH.
  • the acidic pH is between about 2.0 and about 4.0.
  • the pH. Is between 3.0 and 4.0 or any ranges or intervals between these pH levels.
  • the invention provides any one or more of the methods described herein wherein a free radical scavenger is added to the sample, wherein the free radical scavenger is selected from the group consisting of: an alcohol, a thiol derivative, Tris (2-Carboxyethyl) phosphine; benzoic acid; a carbonate ion; a metal complex such as copper complex, manganese complex; sodium hydrogensulfite; sodium sulfite; sodium metabisulfite; nordihydroguaiaretic acid; propyl gallate; butylhydroxyanisole, dibutylhydroxytoluene; erythorbic acid; sodium erythorbate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl dipalmitate; ascorbyl stearate; sodium ascorbate; calcium ascorbate; glutathione; and uric acid.
  • the free radical scavenger is an alcohol comprising isopropyl, thiol derivative, Tris (2
  • the invention provides any one or more of the methods described herein wherein the carrier conjugated to the calicheamicin is selected from the group consisting of: mono- and polyclonal antibodies and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; their antigen-recognizing fragments and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; small modular immunopharmaceuticals (SMIPs) and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; nanobodies and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; soluble receptors and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; growth factors and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; aptamers; liposomes; non-glycosylated proteins; and nanoparticles.
  • SMIPs small modular immunopharmaceuticals
  • the carrier specifically binds to an antigen expressed on or within cancer cells.
  • the antigen expressed on or within the cancer cells is selected from the group consisting of: 5T4; CD19; CD20; CD22; CD33; CD40; EphA2; Lewis Y; HER-2; type I Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G (Fc gamma R1 ); CD52; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); DNA/histone complex; carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); CD47; CD105 (endoglin); folate R: CSPG4 (melanoma-associated antigen); MUC-1; prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA); VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or kinase insert domain-containing receptor, KDR); epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM); fibroblast activation protein (FAP); Trail receptor-1 (DR4); progesterone receptor; on
  • the invention provides one or more of the methods described herein wherein the carrier is a monoclonal antibody.
  • the monoclonal antibody is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody; an anti-5T4 monoclonal antibody; anti-CD33 antibody; and an anti-Lewis Y monoclonal antibody.
  • the invention provides one or more of the methods described herein wherein the calicheamicin is N-acetyl gamma dimethyl hydrazide calicheamicin.
  • the invention provides one or more of the methods described herein wherein the N-acetyl gamma dimethyl hydrazide calicheamicin is conjugated to a carrier monoclonal antibody and the monoclonal antibody specifically binds to an antigen selected from the group consisting of 5T4; CD19; CD20; CD22; CD33; CD40; EphA2; Lewis Y; HER-2; type I Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G (Fc gamma R1 ); CD52; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); DNA/histone complex; carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); CD47; CD105 (endoglin); folate R; CSPG4 (melanoma-associated antigen); MUC-1 ; prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA); VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or kinase insert domain-containing receptor, KDR); epithelial gamma dimethyl hydr
  • the invention provides one of the methods described herein wherein the calicheamicin-carrier conjugate undergoes disulfide bond disruption to form N-acetyl gamma dimethyl hydrazide calicheamicin and the carrier.
  • the N-acetyl gamma dimethyl hydrazide calicheamicin undergoes a molecular rearrangement to form N-acetyl epsilon calicheamicin and is detected by mass spectrometry.
  • the invention provides any one or more of the methods described herein wherein the disruption step to disrupt the disulfide bond in the calicheamicin-carrier conjugate is followed by an incubation step for a time period between about 24 hours and 96 hours prior to detecting the calicheamicin portion released from the conjugate.
  • the disruption step is followed by an incubation step for a time period between about 36 hours and 72 hours.
  • the disruption step is followed by an incubation step for about 48 hours prior detecting the released calicheamicin.
  • the invention provides any one or more of the methods described herein wherein the disruption step to disrupt the disulfide bond in the calicheamicin-carrier conjugate is incubated at a temperature between about-20°C and 37°C.
  • the disruption step is followed by an incubation step at a temperature between about 0 0 C and 20 0 C prior to detecting the calicheamicin portion released from the conjugate.
  • the incubation step is incubated at a temperature of 4°C.
  • the invention provides a kit for determining the concentration of calicheamicin present in a sample comprising: instructions for disrupting a disulfide bond between calicheamicin and an antibody; a free radical scavenger; and a reducing agent.
  • the assays described herein can be used, e.g., to quantitate the amount of total calicheamicin present in a subject's serum following administration of a calicheamicin-antibody conjugate.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic and chemical structural representation of a calicheamicin-antibody drug-carrier conjugate.
  • Figure 2 shows a graphical representation of a calibration curve generated by mass spectrophotometry analysis of varying concentrations of calicheamicin.
  • Figure 3A shows a graphical representation of mass spectrophotometry analysis of N-acetyl epislon calicheamicin in control rat serum spiked with the internal standard.
  • Figure 3B shows a graphical representation of mass spectrophotometry analysis of N-gamma calicheamicin from control rat serum spiked with the internal standard. Epsilon calicheamicin is formed from the N-gamma calicheamicin.
  • Figure 4A shows a graphical representation of mass spectrophotometry analysis of N-acetyl epislon calicheamicin from a CME-548 LLOQ Calibration Standard (2.00 ng Calicheamicin/mL) in Rat Serum.
  • Figure 4B shows a graphical representation of mass spectrophotometry analysis of N-gamma calicheamicin from a CME-548 LLOQ Calibration Standard (2.00 ng Calicheamicin/mL) in Rat Serum.
  • Epsilon calicheamicin is formed from the N-gamma calicheamicin.
  • Drug conjugates developed for systemic pharmacotherapy are target-specific cytotoxic agents. The concept involves coupling a therapeutic agent to a carrier molecule with specificity for a defined target cell population. As used herein, such drug conjugates are also referred to as “carrier-drug conjugates.”
  • Antibodies with high affinity for antigens are a natural choice as targeting moieties or as the "carrier" portion of a carrier-drug conjugate. With the availability of high affinity monoclonal antibodies, the prospects of antibody-targeting therapeutics have become promising. Toxic substances that have been conjugated to monoclonal antibodies include toxins, low-molecular-weight cytotoxic drugs, biological response modifiers, and radionuclides. Antibody-toxin conjugates are frequently termed immunotoxins, whereas immunoconjugates consisting of antibodies and low- molecular-weight drugs such as methotrexate and Adriamycin are called chemoimmunoconjugates.
  • Radioimmunoconjugates consist of radioactive isotopes, which may be used as therapeutics to kill cells by their radiation or used for imaging.
  • Antibody-mediated specific delivery of cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells is expected to not only augment their anti-tumor efficacy, but also prevent nontargeted uptake by normal tissues, thus increasing their therapeutic indices.
  • a number of antibody-based therapeutics for treating a variety of diseases including cancer and rheumatoid arthritis have been approved for clinical use or are in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies including B-cell malignancies such as Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • One such antibody-based therapeutic is rituximab (Rituxan.TM.), an unlabelled chimeric human (1 (+m(iV-region) antibody, which is specific for cell surface antigen CD20, which is expressed on B-cells.
  • Immunoconjugates comprising a member of the potent family of antibacterial and antitumor agents, known collectively as the calicheamicins or the LL-E33288 complex, (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,970,198 (1990)), were developed for use in the treatment of myelomas.
  • the most potent of the calicheamicins is designated d, which is herein referenced simply as gamma.
  • These compounds contain a methyltrisulfide that can be reacted with appropriate thiols to form disulfides, at the same time introducing a functional group such as a hydrazide or other functional group that is useful in attaching a calicheamicin derivative to a carrier.
  • MYLOTARG ® (Sievers, E. L et al (1999) Blood: 93, 3678-3684), also referred to as CMA-676 or CMA, is a commercially available drug that comprises calicheamicin bound to a monoclonal antibody as carrier.
  • MYLOTARG ® (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) is currently approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients.
  • the drug consists of an antibody against CD33 that is bound to calicheamicin by means of an acid-hydrolyzable linker.
  • the disulfide analog of the semi-synthetic N-acetyl gamma calicheamicin was used for conjugation (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,606,040 and 5,770,710).
  • antibody as used herein is meant to include one or more of mono- and polyclonal antibodies and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; their antigen-recognizing fragments and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; and synthetic molecules comprising their antigen-recognizing fragments.
  • carrier or carrier molecule includes, but is not limited to: mono- and polyclonal antibodies and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; their antigen-recognizing fragments and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; small modular immunopharmaceuticals (SMIPs) and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; nanobodies and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; soluble receptors and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; growth factors and their chemically or genetically manipulated counterparts; aptamers; liposomes; non- glycosylated proteins; and nanoparticfes; aptamers; liposomes; non-glycosylated proteins; and nanoparticles.
  • SMIPs small modular immunopharmaceuticals
  • a drug "functionalized” or “derivatized” to enable conjugation with an antibody as used herein is also meant to include the "drug" portion of a “carrier-drug conjugate".
  • the antibodies, as part of the carrier-drug conjugate are antibodies specific for CD22, 5T4, CD33 and Lewis-Y antigens. The antibodies each are specific for a different receptor and specifically bind to an antigen expressed on cancer cells.
  • the drug portion comprises a cytotoxic agent such as a calicheamicin, also called the LL-E33288 complex, for example, gamma-calicheamicin ⁇ -i.
  • a cytotoxic agent such as a calicheamicin, also called the LL-E33288 complex, for example, gamma-calicheamicin ⁇ -i.
  • a calicheamicin also called the LL-E33288 complex
  • gamma-calicheamicin ⁇ -i for example, gamma-calicheamicin ⁇ -i.
  • calicheamicins suitable for use in preparing antibody/drug conjugates of the invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,671,958; 5,053,394; 5,037,651; 5,079,233; and 5,108,912; which are incorporated herein in their entirety. These compounds contain a methyltrisulfide that may be reacted with appropriate thiols to form disulfides, at the same time introducing a functional group such as a hydrazide or other functional group that is useful for conjugating calicheamicin to an antibody. Stabilizing the disulfide bond that is present in all calicheamicin conjugates by adding dimethyl substituents made additional improvements.
  • N-acetyl gamma calicheamicin dimethyl hydrazide or NAc-gamma DMH, as one of the optimized derivatives for conjugation.
  • Disulfide analogs of calicheamicin can also be used, for example, analogs described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,606,040 and 5,770,710, which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
  • Representative methods for preparing antibody-drug conjugates include those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,053,394, U.S. patent application Publication No. 2004-0082764A1 and U.S. patent application Publication No. 2004-0192900. Conjugation may be performed using the following conditions: 10 mg/ml antibody, 8.5% (w/w) calicheamicin derivative, 37.5 mM sodium decanoate, 9% (v/v) ethanol, 50 mM HEPBS (N- (2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N'- (4-butanesulfonic acid)), pH 8.5, 32° C, 1 hour.
  • HEPBS N- (2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N'- (4-butanesulfonic acid
  • Hydrophobic interaction chromatography may be performed using a butyl sepharose FF resin, 0.65 M potassium phosphate loading buffer, 0.49 M potassium phosphate wash buffer, and 4 mM potassium phosphate elution buffer. Buffer exchange may be accomplished by size exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration/diafiltration, or other suitable means.
  • N-acetyl gamma dimethyl hydrazide calicheamicin can be conjugated to monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to the CD22 receptor, the 5T4 receptor and the Lewis-Y antigen, all expressed on cancer cells.
  • reducing agent refers to a substance that achieves reduction of S-S disulfide bridges. Reduction of the 'S-S' disulfide bridges is a chemical reaction whereby the disulfides are reduced to a thiol (--SH). A reducing agent is used to break the disulfide bonds of proteins or other molecules, or as in this invention, a disulfide bond within the immunoconjugate. A reducing agent also maintains the SH group in a reduced state.
  • Thiol compounds able to reduce disulfide bridges are represented by, but not limited to: dithiothreitol (DTT), dithioerythritol (DTE), mercaptans (e.g., 2-mercaptoethanol), thiocarbamates, Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine and sodium-dichionite.
  • DTT dithiothreitol
  • DTE dithioerythritol
  • mercaptans e.g., 2-mercaptoethanol
  • thiocarbamates Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine and sodium-dichionite.
  • free radical scavenger refers to any substance that prevents the cascade of chemical reactions that occurs when a free radical reacts with another molecule in order to gain an electron.
  • the molecule that loses an electron to the free radical is transformed into a free radical, repeating the process until two free radicals react with each other, or the reaction is stopped by a free radical scavenger.
  • the reduction of the disulfide bond within the immunoconjugate will generate free radicals after molecular rearrangement of the drug.
  • the free radical scavenger terminates the free radical chain reaction and can thereby stabilize the reaction.
  • Free radical scavengers are represented by, but not limited to: cysteine, acetylcysteine, thioglycollic acid and salts thereof, thiolactic acid and salts thereof, dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione, thiourea, thioglycerol, methionine, mercaptoethane sulfonic acid, an alcohol such as isopropanol, Tris (2- Carboxyethyl) phosphine, benzoic acid, a carbonate ion, a metal complex such as copper complex, manganese complex, sodium hydrogensulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, propyl gallate, butylhydroxyanisole, dibutylhydroxytoluene, erythorbic acid, sodium erythorbate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl stearate,
  • the present invention provides a method of assaying a sample for the presence of the calicheamicin portion of a calicheamicin-carrier conjugate after a bond linking the calicheamicin to the carrier is disrupted.
  • the carrier is an antibody covalently bound to the calicheamicin.
  • the calicheamicin is covalently bound to the antibody by means of an intervening hydrolysable linker.
  • the linker comprises a (butanoic acid ester).
  • the bond between the carrier and the calicheamicin that is disrupted is in the bifunctional hydrloyzable linker between the calicheamicin and the drug.
  • the bond between the carrier and the calicheamicin that is disrupted is between the two sulfur atoms present in the calicheamicin derivative that link the calicheamicin to the bifunctional linker.
  • the N-acetyl gamma dimethyl hydrazide calicheamicin undergoes molecular rearrangement to form a 1 ,4-diylradical generated during rearrangement of the enediyne moiety on N-acetyl gamma dimethyl hydrazide calicheamicin.
  • lsopropyl alcohol was used to donate two hydrogen atoms to form N-acetyl epsilon calicheamicin thus acting as a free radical scavenger.
  • the extraction procedure includes a) extracting the N-acetyl epsilon calicheamicin and epsilon calicheamicin from the biological or non-biological matrix into organic solvent, such as methyl tertiary-butyl ether, b) evaporating the organic solvent to dryness under a nitrogen stream at approximately 37 0 C, c) reconstituting the samples into reconstitution solution, which is usually the mixture of HPLC mobile phases, and (4) HPLC separation with mass spectrometry detection.
  • organic solvent such as methyl tertiary-butyl ether
  • Dithiotreitol functions as the disulfide bond reduction agent and hydrogen donor to the free radicals generated in the process of molecular rearrangement of N-acetyl gamma dimethyl hydrazide calicheamicin to 1 ,4- diylradical.
  • the concentration of DTT was increased to the point before the precipitation of serum protein would occur in the assay. Any precipitation would increase the reaction yield variation.
  • the optimized DTT concentration was shown to be adding 0.1 ml of 0.047 mg/ml DDT in water to 0.05 ml of animal serum. This value is approximately 400 times the calicheamicin ULOQ (1000 ng/ml) in terms of molecular concentrations. At a concentration of 0.47 mg/ml and the volume of 0.1 ml added to 0.05 ml of animal serum no protein precipitation was observed.
  • a stock solution of approximately 60 ⁇ g calicheamicin/mL in water was prepared by dissolving a caiicheamicin-antibody conjugate into water (the specific volume of water needed depends on the weight of the conjugate in the vial and the loading capacity ( ⁇ g of calicheamicin per mg of protein)).
  • the calibration standards and quality control samples in animal serum were fortified using the stock solution and its dilutions. Fifty microliters of each calibration standard, QC or study sample was used for the analysis. Serum samples from rat, monkey or marmoset were spiked with 50 ⁇ L IS solution (100 ng/mL in 50% water / 50% IPA) and then DTT (dithiothreitol) was added to all samples.
  • HPLC separation was performed using 20 microliters of sample injected onto a YMC Pro, C 18 (2.Ox 50mm, 3 micron) column with a flow rate of 0.4 ml/minute with a run time of 4.6 minutes. Compounds were then eluted at ambient temperature using mobile phases of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Mass spectrometry was then performed using an Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex API 4000 in positive ion mode. The linear calibration curve was constructed using the nominal calicheamicin concentrations in the calibration standards and their respective instrument response ratio (calicheamicin peak area / IS peak area). The calibration curve was then used to calculate calicheamicin concentration in each sample using the instrument response ratio.
  • Antibody-drug conjugates CME-548 (55.8 ⁇ g calicheamicin/mg of protein, 0.98 mg protein per vial) or CMC-544 (66 ⁇ g calicheamicin/mg of protein, 0.96 mg protein per vial), were used to prepare calicheamicin stock solutions. These stock solutions were then used to generate a calibration curve for known concentrations of calicheamicin added to rat, monkey or marmoset serum.
  • Figure 2 shows a representative calibration standard curve for calicheamicin quantitation with mass spectrophotometry. Calibration standards are serial dilutions used to quantify the amount of calicheamicin detected with analytical mass spectrophotometry.
  • CMC-544 is a calicheamicin-monoclonal antibody drug conjugate described in U.S. patent application Publication No. 2004-082764A1 and U.S. patent application Publication No. 20060088522.
  • the monoclonal antibody portion of the conjugate is specific for the CD22 receptor.
  • CME-548 is a calicheamicin-monoclonal antibody drug conjugate described in U.S. patent application Publication No. US2006008522.
  • the monoclonal antibody portion of the conjugate is specific for the 5T4 receptor.
  • Figures 3A and B and 4A and B Examples for typical readouts of mass spectrophotometry data used to detect and quantify the amount of calicheamicin are shown in Figures 3A and B and 4A and B.
  • Figures 3A and 3B show representative chromatograms of control rat serum with IS.
  • Figures 4A and 4B show representative chromatograms of CME- 548 LLOQ calibration standard (2.00 ⁇ g calicheamicin/mL) in rat serum .
  • N 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 a A linear regression method was used with 1 /concentration 2 as the weighting factor.
  • b Calibrator deactivated from the standard curve regression (bias > 15%). NA: not applicable TABLE 2
  • Table 4 shows the relative standard deviation and % accuracy for Intra and Inter day analyses of low, medium and high concentrations of calicheamicin derived from CMC-544 in rat sera.
  • Table 5 shows the relative standard deviation and % accuracy for Intra and Inter day analyses of low, medium and high concentrations of calicheamicin derived from CMC-544 in monkey sera.
  • Table 6 shows the relative standard deviation and % accuracy for Intra and Inter day analyses of low, medium and high concentrations of calicheamicin-derived from CME-548 in rat sera.
  • Calicheamicin-drug carrier conjugate CME-548 was administered to animals by intravenous injection to male marmosets at dosages of 0 (vehicle-control), 7 (low), 25 (mid) and 75 (high) ⁇ g/kg of calicheamicin equivalents. Serum samples were collected at various time intervals ranging on day 8 and total calicheamicin (measured as N-acetyt epsilon calicheamicin) concentrations in serum samples were determined.
  • a stock solution of CME-548 (60 ⁇ g calicheamicin/mL water) was prepared. Calibration standards and quality control samples were fortified using the stock solution and its dilutions. Fifty microliters of each calibration standard, quality control sample or animal samples were used for analysis. Samples were spiked with IS and then DTT was added to all samples. Samples were incubated at room temperature for approximately 1 hour and then extracted with methyl t-b ether using the Tomtec Quadra 96 liquid handler.
  • the samples were evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen stream at approximately 37 0 C, reconstituted into the reconstitution solution (0.1% formic acid in 50% water / 50% acetonitrile), and allowed to sit at 4°C for 40-72 hours prior to LC/MS/MS analysis.
  • HPLC separation was then performed using 20 microliters of sample injected onto a YMC Pro, C 18 (2.Ox 50mm, 3 micron) column with a flow rate of 0.4 ml/minute with a run time of 4.6 minutes.
  • Compounds were then eluted at ambient temperature using mobile phases of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile.
  • Mass spectrometry was then performed using an Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex API 4000 in positive ion mode. Readouts for mass spectrometry were observed in counts per minute. The determined total calicheamicin concentrations in marmoset serum are shown in table 7. TABLE 7
  • Calicheamicin is hydrolyzed from the antibody conjugate at the linker between about a pH of 3.0 and pH 4.0 for 1-24 hours at a temperature from 20 to 50 0 C, preferably 37 0 C.
  • the analyte is extracted from animal serum by liquid-liquid extraction using an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, ethyl ether or MTBE.
  • the analyte is extracted by protein precipitation using agents such as acetonitrile, acetone or methanol, by solid-phase extraction using reverse phase or mix mode solid phase extraction cartridges. (Either of the above alternatives, or mix mode solid phase can be used).
  • the extracted samples are evaporated and reconstituted prior to being analyzed using an LC/MS/MS system.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de détection de la présence du composant de calichéamicine d'un conjugué vecteur/calichéamicine dans un échantillon fluide, ladite calichéamicine étant liée par covalence au vecteur. Une liaison entre la calichéamicine et le vecteur est coupée, la partie calichéamicine est libérée du conjugué vecteur/calichéamicine et est détectée.
PCT/US2007/013303 2007-06-04 2007-06-04 Détection et quantification de la calichéamicine WO2008150261A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014018625A1 (fr) 2012-07-25 2014-01-30 Kolltan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anticorps anti-kit et leurs utilisations
EP3763740A1 (fr) 2011-01-26 2021-01-13 Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. Anticorps anti-kit et leurs utilisations

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EP0327263A1 (fr) * 1988-01-29 1989-08-09 PROCTOR, Peter H. Stimulation de la croissance des cheveux avec nitroxide et autres radicaux
WO1992001068A1 (fr) * 1990-05-30 1992-01-23 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System LIPOSOMES MARQUES AU Tc?99m¿
WO1999038999A1 (fr) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-05 Packard Instrument Company, Inc. Technique et composition permettant une detection de la luciferase dans des echantillons biologiques
US20050232929A1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2005-10-20 Genentech, Inc. Mass spectrometry of antibody conjugates
WO2007005690A1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Wyeth Procedes pour determiner des pharmacocinetiques de therapies ciblees

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0327263A1 (fr) * 1988-01-29 1989-08-09 PROCTOR, Peter H. Stimulation de la croissance des cheveux avec nitroxide et autres radicaux
WO1992001068A1 (fr) * 1990-05-30 1992-01-23 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System LIPOSOMES MARQUES AU Tc?99m¿
WO1999038999A1 (fr) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-05 Packard Instrument Company, Inc. Technique et composition permettant une detection de la luciferase dans des echantillons biologiques
US20050232929A1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2005-10-20 Genentech, Inc. Mass spectrometry of antibody conjugates
WO2007005690A1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Wyeth Procedes pour determiner des pharmacocinetiques de therapies ciblees

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HAMANN PHILIP R ET AL: "An anti-CD33 antibody-calicheamicin conjugate for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Choice of linker.", BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY 2002 JAN-FEB, vol. 13, no. 1, January 2002 (2002-01-01), pages 40 - 46, XP002468856, ISSN: 1043-1802 *
MARSHALL SIEGEL ET AL: "Calicheamicin Derivatives Conjugated to Monoclonal Antibodies: Determination of Loading Values and Distributions by Infrared and UV Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectroscopy", ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. COLUMBUS, US, vol. 69, 1997, pages 2716 - 2726, XP002128444, ISSN: 0003-2700 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3763740A1 (fr) 2011-01-26 2021-01-13 Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. Anticorps anti-kit et leurs utilisations
WO2014018625A1 (fr) 2012-07-25 2014-01-30 Kolltan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anticorps anti-kit et leurs utilisations
EP3381943A1 (fr) 2012-07-25 2018-10-03 Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. Anticorps anti-kit et leurs utilisations
EP4063391A1 (fr) 2012-07-25 2022-09-28 Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. Anticorps anti-kit et leurs utilisations

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