WO2008148621A1 - Elektrische maschine mit hybriderregtem rotor - Google Patents
Elektrische maschine mit hybriderregtem rotor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008148621A1 WO2008148621A1 PCT/EP2008/055672 EP2008055672W WO2008148621A1 WO 2008148621 A1 WO2008148621 A1 WO 2008148621A1 EP 2008055672 W EP2008055672 W EP 2008055672W WO 2008148621 A1 WO2008148621 A1 WO 2008148621A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- poles
- grooves
- machine according
- electrical machine
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
- H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric machine with a stationary stator and a hybrid-excited rotor according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Such synchronous machines are suitable both for operation on a fixed
- Network for example, a fixed three-phase network, as well as for operation via an electronic converter.
- machines are suitable in generator mode for controlling the induced voltage in a multi-phase stator winding system, as required for example in vehicle electrical systems.
- Machines are the poles on the circumference of the rotor partly permanently magnetic and on the other hand electrically excited.
- Ib at a reversible between twelve and six poles reversible arrangement requires three radially magnetized permanent magnets and three excitation coils, the excitation coils are arranged with a pitch of one pole pitch of the higher number of poles on a respective radially to the circumference oriented leg.
- the disadvantage here is that for a symmetrical pole arrangement for each Permanent magnet an excitation coil for a corresponding flooding is needed. This requires a correspondingly large copper cross-section and space requirement on the rotor.
- the present solution seeks to design the electric machine preferably for generator operation, to keep the electromagnetic losses low without additional circuit complexity and at the same
- the rotor can be produced more cost-effectively with a reduced amount of copper and more compact. Another advantage is to be considered that now the permanent magnets of the rotor are magnetizable in the simplest way in the installed state.
- a respective fan is arranged at the two end faces of the laminated core.
- the rotor has the higher number of poles, wherein the strength and direction of the excitation current is selected in the excitation coils so that in cooperation with the permanent magnet at the Polradix about equally strong poles of alternating polarity occur.
- An increase of the excitation current leads to an increase of the induced voltage and thus to a higher power output and vice versa.
- a particularly cost-effective embodiment of the electric machine results from the fact that the rotor has only one, used in diametrically opposed grooves excitation coil, which is preferably guided around the winding heads around a rotor shaft and arranged with at least two between the grooves on the rotor circumference, diametrically opposed opposite permanent magnets cooperates.
- two permanent magnets of alternating radial polarity are arranged offset by 90 ° relative to the two slots of the exciter coil.
- Embodiment results from the fact that the rotor has at least two, preferably four, in four offset by 90 ° mutually offset grooves used excitation coils, which cooperate with at least four arranged between the grooves on the rotor circumference permanent magnet alternating radial polarity.
- the four have Permanent magnets to the adjacent grooves each have a circumferential distance which corresponds to the circumferential width of the magnets, so that with a corresponding excitation current in the excitation coils on the rotor circumference, the number of poles of four poles is reversible to twelve poles.
- the number of poles of the polyphase stator winding corresponds to the higher pole number of the reversible rotor.
- the stator winding is formed in three phases and connected in a star or delta connection with the input of a bridge rectifier.
- a better utilization of the stator by reduced ripple of the output voltage is achieved when the stator winding is five-phase and connected in a star, ring or star series connection to the input of a bridge rectifier.
- the stator winding is six-phase and connected in a double star or double delta connection to the input of a bridge rectifier.
- the switchability of the Rotorpoliere for Abregulation of the output voltage can be used to zero, by the output of the bridge rectifier is connected to a controller whose output is connected to the at least one exciter coil (18) of the rotor (11) in which the regulator is able to change the strength and direction of the exciting current as a function of the output voltage at the bridge rectifier.
- FIG. 2 shows the machine in longitudinal section
- FIG. 3 shows the rotor in cross section with four permanent magnets and two controllable exciter coils
- Figures 4a and 4b show the circuit structure of the machine with rectifier and controller in two variants and
- FIG. 5 shows in a diagram the profile of the output voltage of FIG
- Figures 6a and 6b show the rotor of Figure 3 with divided excitation coils and the electrical reversal between twelve and four poles.
- FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c show, as a further embodiment, a machine with a rotor which can be reversed between six and two poles, with two
- FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c show, as a further embodiment, a machine with a rotor that can be reversed between ten and two poles, with four
- FIGS. 9a, 9b and 9c show, as a further embodiment, a machine with a rotor that can be reversed between fourteen and two poles, with six permanent magnets and only one exciter coil.
- FIGS 10, 11 and 12 show further variants of the stator winding and their
- FIGs 1 and 2 an electrical machine in a simplified form in cross-section and in longitudinal section is shown and designated 10, which is provided as a synchronous machine with a hybrid-excited rotor 11.
- the machine has a stationary stand 12, which carries a three-phase stator winding 13.
- Machine 10 a three-phase alternator for motor vehicles with a twelve-pole stator winding 13, the three winding strands R, S and T in grooves 14 of a stator laminated core 15 are used with a coil pitch of 3 grooves and shown in Figure 1 over part of the circumference.
- the stator 12 acts via a working air gap 16 with the rotatably mounted in the stator 12 rotor
- the rotor 11 has over its circumference in a predetermined sequence a plurality of north and south poles N and S, which are formed by permanent magnets 17 and by excitation coils 18. In this case, the number of poles of the rotor 11 can be reversed depending on the strength and direction of an excitation current in the excitation coils 18. From FIG. 2 it can be seen that that the iron core of the rotor 11 consists of a laminated in the axial direction laminated core 25 which is fixed on the central region of the rotor shaft 21. To accommodate the excitation coils 18 25 open grooves 19 are punched out on the outer circumference of the laminated core. The permanent magnets 17 are inserted into punched out pockets 26 in the laminated core 25.
- the pockets 26 may be closed on the outside, so that the magnets 17 are then inserted axially therein (see FIG. 6). This makes it possible to absorb the centrifugal forces by the geometric shape of the pockets 26 and thereby ensure a secure hold of the magnets 17 on the rotor 11.
- the magnetic material is preferably made of rare earths.
- the laminated core 25 is preferably held together by welds. Instead, however, can also rivets, adhesives (baked enamel) or knobs are used.
- the housing of the machine consists of two bearing plates 12a and 12b, between which the stator core 15 is clamped.
- the rotor 11 is rotatably received with its rotor shaft 21 on both sides via bearings 27 on the bearing plates 12a, 12b.
- At the axial end faces of the laminated core 25 each have a fan 28 is attached. Cooling air is sucked in axially from the fans 28 via openings 29 of the end shields 12a, 12b and finally blown radially outward along the end windings 13a of the stator winding 13 and along the rotor 11 and stator 12.
- a slip ring assembly 30 as exciter current transmission from stand 12 to the rotor llberise, which cooperates with the power supply of the excitation coils 18 with a stationary brush device 31.
- the brush device 31 is attached there as a power supply unit for the rotor 11 together with a controller 32 and with a bridge rectifier 33 outside the rear end plate 12b.
- a protective cap 34 the front side has numerous ventilation slots 35 for the inflow of cooling air.
- FIG. 3 shows the pole sequence occurring on the circumference of the rotor 11, which results in the case of an exciting current Ie flowing in the direction of the arrow through the exciter coils 18.
- two excitation coils 18 are inserted into four grooves 19 of the rotor 11, which are offset by 90 ° to each other and aligned with the circumference of the rotor 11.
- four permanent magnets 17 which cooperate with alternating radial polarity with the excitation coils 18. This results in the current direction shown in Figure 3 of the excitation current Ie on the rotor circumference twelve poles of alternating polarity.
- the reduction of the number of excitation coils 18 is achieved in that the excitation coils 18 are arranged with a pitch SW on the circumference of the rotor 11, which according to Figure 1 of the pole pitch Pt of the smaller number of poles of the rotor 11 - here, therefore, the four-pole version - corresponds ,
- This step size which is several times greater than that of the prior art, is achieved in that the winding heads 20 of the exciter coils 18 are guided on the end faces of the rotor 11 in each case like a chuck below one of the permanent magnets 17 arranged radially on the rotor circumference.
- the strength and direction of the excitation current Ie in the excitation coils 18 is selected so that in cooperation with the permanent magnets 17, the rotor has the higher number of poles and the rotor circumference approximately equal poles of alternating polarity occur.
- the four permanent magnets 17 to the adjacent grooves 14 each have according to Figure 3 has a circumferential distance a, which corresponds to the circumferential width b of the magnets.
- FIG. 4a shows the electrical connection of the machine 10.
- the three phases R, S and T of the stator winding 13 are connected in a delta connection, with their three outputs a, b and c to a respective bridge input 33a, 33b, 33c of the bridge rectifier 33 are connected.
- the bridge rectifier 33 is connected to the regulator 32 for regulating the output voltage Ua.
- the exciter coil 18 is connected at one end to the plus potential of the bridge rectifier output 33d and with its other end at the output 32b of the regulator 32 in order to influence the exciting current as a function of the output voltage Ua.
- FIG. 4b shows, as a variant of the circuit according to FIG. 4a, a three-phase stator winding 13 in star connection and a regulator 32a with a two-pole output 32b, 32c to which the exciter coil 18 of the machine 10 is connected.
- the controller 32a is further provided with a temperature sensor 36, via which the output voltage Ua depending on the temperature of the machine 10 can be readjusted.
- an accumulator 37 for the electrical supply of the motor vehicle electrical system 38 is recharged during operation of the machine 10 in the motor vehicle.
- the output voltage Ua of the stator winding 13 of the three-phase alternator according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferably dependent on the load and temperature depending on the intensity and direction of the excitation current Ie in the exciter coils 18 a permissible maximum value and the value 0 is controllable.
- the output voltage Ua is preferably dependent on the load and temperature depending on the intensity and direction of the excitation current Ie in the exciter coils 18 a permissible maximum value and the value 0 is controllable.
- the output voltage Ua of the stator winding 13 of the three-phase alternator according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferably dependent on the load and temperature depending on the intensity and direction of the excitation current Ie in the exciter coils 18 a permissible maximum value and the value 0 is controllable.
- the output voltage Ua of the stator winding 13 of the three-phase alternator according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferably dependent on the load and temperature depending on the intensity and direction of the excitation current I
- Manner is to be supplied via a rectifier unit.
- the output voltage Ua of the electric machine 10 in response to the DC voltage in the motor vehicle on-board network more or less down regulated.
- this means that at a correspondingly reduced excitation current Ie> 0 on the stator winding 13, the correspondingly reduced output voltage Ua 2 occurs by the weakened electrical excitation in the rotor 11, the total magnetic field of the rotor 11 is weakened. This weakening of the total field continues until an excitation current Ie 0, in which now a relatively small
- Output voltage Ua3 is induced in the stator winding 13.
- FIGS. 6 to 9 Further embodiments of synchronous machines according to FIG. 1 with inventively designed hybrid-excited and pole-changing rotors are shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 in a schematic representation.
- FIGS. 6a and 6b a rotor IIa is shown in cross-section, in which the two exciter coils 18 of FIG. 3 are replaced by four exciter coils 18a, each distributed uniformly around the circumference, each having half the number of turns.
- the current direction in the exciter coils 18a is indicated by arrows.
- FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c a machine 10a with a rotor IIb is shown schematically in cross-section, which has only one excitation coil 18 divided into two halves 18a at the winding heads, which is inserted into two diametrically opposite grooves 19 of the rotor 11.
- the two parts 18a of the exciter coil 18 are guided around the winding heads about a rotor shaft 21.
- Exciter coil 18 is arranged offset on the circumference of the rotor 12.
- FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c again only one exciter coil 18 inserted in diametrically opposite grooves 19 is shown on the rotor 11c, which is to be guided, for example, at its two winding heads by one half each of the rotor shaft (not shown).
- four permanent magnets 17 are arranged on the rotor circumference, wherein between the two grooves 19 each two
- Permanent magnets 17 are provided with the same radial polarity.
- the permanent magnets 17 have an approximately equal distance from each other and to the grooves 19 of the rotor llc.
- a ten-pole formation of north and south poles in alternating pole sequence results in FIG. 8b on the rotor circumference.
- this embodiment can be reversed by reversing the current direction in the excitation coil 18 into a two-pole arrangement, wherein the upper half of the rotor circumference is formed as a south pole and the lower as a north pole.
- an excitation coil 18 is inserted into two diametrically opposite grooves of a rotor Hd.
- an excitation coil 18 is inserted into two diametrically opposite grooves of a rotor Hd.
- six permanent magnets 17 are arranged on the rotor circumference such that between the grooves 19 each have three permanent magnet 17 with the same radial polarity an approximately equal distance from each other or to the grooves.
- the stator lamination 15c of the machine 10c according to FIG. 9a has, on the inner circumference 42, grooves 14 in which a stator winding 13 with three phases
- Rotor circumference a fourteen-pole design with approximately equal poles of alternating polarity.
- the electrically excited poles are now reversed on both sides of the grooves 19 and created over the rotor circumference a two-pole symmetrical design with a north pole on the upper and a south pole on the lower half of the rotor circumference.
- the formation of the magnetic field over the rotor circumference is represented by a corresponding field line profile, wherein the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 17 is denoted by ⁇ m and the electrically excited magnetic flux with ⁇ e .
- FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 show further variants of the stator winding 13 of the electric machine 10 and its connection to the bridge rectifier 33.
- the machine 10d is equipped with a five-phase stator winding 13b whose five phase strings are connected to one another in a so-called star series connection. Instead, a real star connection or a ring series connection may also be considered.
- the five outputs of the stator winding 13b are each connected to one input of the five diode bridges of the bridge rectifier 33a.
- the controller 32 is also here to supply the exciter coil 18 at the output of the
- the stator winding 13c of the machine is formed six-phase, wherein according to Figure 11, the six phase strands Rl, Sl, Tl and R2, S2, T2 are connected in a double-star connection.
- the six outputs of Stator winding 13c are here each connected to one input of the six diode bridges of the bridge rectifier 33b.
- the six phase phases Rl, Sl, Tl and R2, S2, T2 are connected in a double-delta connection, in which case the six outputs of the stator winding 13c are each connected to one input of the six diode bridges of the bridge rectifier 33b.
- the invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments, especially in larger and powerful machines with hybrid-excited rotor, a high number of poles is to be realized by a correspondingly higher number of excitation coils 18 and permanent magnets 17.
- Such machines can be used on fixed AC or three-phase networks both for controlling the reactive power through the excitation current and for speed switching. So it is possible, for example, in an electric machine whose stator winding is switchable between two and six poles, by reversing the rotor poles to increase the engine speed to three times or reduce to one third.
- the excitation coils 18 are in all embodiments of the invention with a
- Step size SW arranged on the circumference of the rotor 11, which corresponds to the pole pitch Pt of the respective smaller number of poles.
- the permanent magnets 17 are formed as flat magnets, shell magnets or so-called Brotlaibmagnete and arranged on the rotor circumference by, for example, according to Figures 1 and 2 are secured in corresponding recesses of the rotor 11 or axially inserted according to Figure 4 to 7 in corresponding tangentially arranged on the rotor circumference slots are.
- a repetition of the pattern in the rotor can be realized to form larger numbers of poles.
- the arrangement of Figure 6a and 6b is a duplication of the arrangement of Figure 7b and 7c.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010510720A JP2011512776A (ja) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-05-08 | ハイブリッド励磁式ロータを有する電気機械 |
CN200880101853.7A CN101772876B (zh) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-05-08 | 带有混合励磁转子的电机 |
EP08759459A EP2156535A1 (de) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-05-08 | Elektrische maschine mit hybriderregtem rotor |
BRPI0812252A BRPI0812252A2 (pt) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-05-08 | motor elétrico com rotor hibrido - excitado |
US12/602,915 US8922086B2 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-05-08 | Electric machine having a hybrid-excited rotor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007025971.0 | 2007-06-04 | ||
DE102007025971.0A DE102007025971B4 (de) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Elektrische Maschine mit hybriderregtem Rotor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2008148621A1 true WO2008148621A1 (de) | 2008-12-11 |
Family
ID=39865398
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/055672 WO2008148621A1 (de) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-05-08 | Elektrische maschine mit hybriderregtem rotor |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8922086B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2156535A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2011512776A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101772876B (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0812252A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102007025971B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008148621A1 (de) |
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US20130162093A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-06-27 | Jean-Claude Matt | Synchronous rotary electric machine having a hybrid-excitation rotor |
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- 2008-05-08 JP JP2010510720A patent/JP2011512776A/ja active Pending
- 2008-05-08 WO PCT/EP2008/055672 patent/WO2008148621A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-05-08 US US12/602,915 patent/US8922086B2/en active Active
- 2008-05-08 BR BRPI0812252A patent/BRPI0812252A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-05-08 CN CN200880101853.7A patent/CN101772876B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010029514A1 (de) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrische Maschine mit reduzierter Geräuschentwicklung |
US20130162093A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-06-27 | Jean-Claude Matt | Synchronous rotary electric machine having a hybrid-excitation rotor |
US9197118B2 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2015-11-24 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | Synchronous rotary electric machine having a hybrid-excitation rotor |
JP2012130223A (ja) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-05 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 同期モータ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101772876A (zh) | 2010-07-07 |
US8922086B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
CN101772876B (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
US20100207480A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
DE102007025971B4 (de) | 2018-06-07 |
BRPI0812252A2 (pt) | 2021-07-06 |
DE102007025971A1 (de) | 2008-12-11 |
EP2156535A1 (de) | 2010-02-24 |
JP2011512776A (ja) | 2011-04-21 |
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