Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
  • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
  • F25B17/083—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorbers operating alternately
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

• the invention relates to the use of an adsorbent instead of a condenser in an adsorption ons surgepumpe and further the use of an adsorbent in the pressure reduction, in particular at an intermediate pressure reduction, in an adsorption heat pump to improve the capacity of desorption; Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for Kälteerzeu- supply in which two adsorption stages are used.
• refrigerators realize thermodynamic cycle processes in which z. For example, heat is absorbed below the ambient temperature and released at a higher temperature.
• cycle processes in refrigeration machines are essentially identical with the cycle processes in heat pumps.
• the chiller can therefore also be understood as a heat pump.
• Known refrigerating machines are, for example, absorption refrigeration plants, diffusion absorption refrigerating machines, adsorption refrigeration plants or solids sorption heat pumps and compression refrigeration plants. The construction of these facilities is known to those skilled in the art.
• chillers their performance and efficiency depend strongly on the temperatures of the applied heat sinks and heat sources.
• the drive heat for the desorption and the heat absorbed at a low temperature level in the refrigeration are heat sources for adsorption chillers.
• the condensation and adsorption heat produced in the adsorption heat pump is diverted to the environment and thus removed from the adsorption heat pump.
• the person skilled in the art speaks of the thrust of the desorption / liquefaction temperature difference driving the process and of the temperature difference in the adsorption / evaporation of the stroke.
• thermal sorption machines function better the greater the thrust at given stroke, ie, the better the adsorbent material is dried or desorbed, the better it can absorb the vaporizing refrigerant and thus produce the desired refrigeration. So a heat pump with otherwise same conditions will gen with a re-cooling temperature of 50 ° C always work worse than a rear cooling temperature of 30 0 C, since both the Hub to 2OK is greater even so the thrust 2OK is smaller.
• the typical one-stage adsorption chiller such as the marketable machine of the Japanese company Mayekawa, consists essentially of an evaporator, a condenser and an adsorber / desorber pair which alternately adsorbs and desorbs.
• the refrigerant to be used is adsorbed into previously desorbed (dried) adsorption material. That is, the better the previous desorption, the more effective the actual adsorption and refrigeration.
• the heat of adsorption and heat of condensation arising in the process must be recooled.
• the realizable recooling temperature therefore has a direct effect on the thrust-to-stroke ratio and has a significant effect on the performance of the systems.
• the recooling temperature is always higher than the outside air temperature
• limiting process marginal conditions for the performance of adsorption chillers thus come about on warm and hot days.
• the known adsorption chillers therefore do not have the required performance for numerous applications, especially when higher or less favorable re-cooling temperatures prevail.
• the patent of Denso, EP 0 795 725 A2 shows that a skilful interconnection of the heat transfer medium circuits can achieve that the adsorption of a first stage can be improved by colder heat carrier temperatures than in conventional adsorption systems.
• this is done by the upstream connection of a second evaporator of a second stage before the adsorber of the first stage in the recooling circuit.
• the heat transfer fluid is thus cooled down by the second evaporator before it enters the adsorber and thus can cool the adsorber better. This improves the adsorption.
• multi-stage adsorption heat pumps can be realized, which aim at heat recovery between the stages, which can, for example, lead to an increase in efficiency.
• this always requires such high drive temperatures that the waste heat or the waste heat temperature level of the first stage is sufficient to drive a second stage.
• This multistage is achieved by interconnecting the heat transfer medium media (eg water or brine) realized and not by a refrigerant-side interconnection.
• the object of the invention was therefore to provide a simple and efficient means and methods which do not have the disadvantages of the prior art.
• the invention relates to the use of the adsorbent, wherein the intermediate pressure reduction is realized via at least two stages, wherein in the first stage desorbs an adsorbent, which was previously adsorbed in this stage, and the resulting gaseous refrigerant, in particular water or steam, is passed in a second stage for adsorption on a further adsorbent.
• the resulting gaseous refrigerant is previously adsorbed in the context of the invention and it occurs in the desorption gaseous from the adsorbent again.
• a preferred aspect of the invention is the extension of a one-stage adsorption chiller to a further adsorption / desorber unit which is preferred has another adsorption material.
• Adsorbents are, for example, zeolites or silica gels.
• the first stage could be carried out with zeolite as the adsorption material and the second or all others with silica gel.
• An umkerkerte arrangement is of course just as conceivable. It is also possible to use different types or classes of zeolites on the respective stages.
• a two-stage adsorption chiller is obtained, the materials being selected in a preferred embodiment such that a) the first stage adsorbent is suitable for the process temperatures, in particular the evaporation and adsorption temperatures, and b) the adsorbent material of the second stage for the process temperatures, in particular the temperatures of desorption and condensation, is suitable.
• adsorbents so different properties of adsorbents can be combined, so that the desorption of the material achievable in the prior art only with a greater thrust in a first stage is achieved by adsorption in the second stage.
• the usual liquefaction in the first stage does not take place.
• the first stage desorber dries the second stage adsorber.
• the pressure during this adsorption corresponds to the pressure of a normal condensation / liquefaction at reduced recooling temperature.
• the operation of the Adsorptionshimltemaschine is also at much smaller Thrust possible, in which an adsorption refrigerator would not work in the prior art.
• a particular advantage is according to the aforementioned that the operation of the adsorption chillers can be performed at otherwise not possible operating temperatures. Ie. for example, that year-round refrigeration with dry recooling is possible even in summer.
• the teaching of the invention it is possible to easily adsorbable materials such. As zeolites to harness, which usually require a very large boost for desorption.
• an adsorbent is used in the vapor pressure reduction in a heat pump / chiller for improving the capacity of desorption, in particular the first stage.
• the invention also relates to a method for refrigeration in a refrigeration / heat pump, wherein an adsorbent is used instead of a condenser.
• This condenser may be, for example, a condenser known in refrigeration technology.
• a stage in the sense of the invention means that one (n + 1) stage adsorbs from the (n) stage (eg the two te stage from the first).
• Different stages are preferably in the process flow from the perspective of the refrigerant in a row.
• a stage is basically one unit. However, these units can be implemented in different ways, regardless of their level. from one or more components or adsorbers / desorbers:
• An adsorber / desorber If only one adsorber / desorber is used, it can not adsorb during the desorption phase and generate cold, since it is being desorbed. Refrigeration then begins again when desorption is complete and adsorption begins.
• a sol ⁇ cher approach lends itself to the heating technology, z. B. in operation as a heat-assisting heat ⁇ pump.
• the desorber gaseous refrigerant is taken up by a condenser and liquefied.
• an adsorbent is used to take up the gaseous refrigerant released from a desorber.
• the present invention includes both adsorption machines that include a condenser in addition to the adsorbent to liquify the refrigerant of another desorption stage, as well as machines that operate entirely without a condenser.
• At least one additional condenser preferably a condenser, is additionally used instead of a condenser. It is particularly preferred if the further liquefier is used for the desorption of another stage, in particular the second or a last stage. It may be preferable to realize the method according to the invention in that the refrigeration system has at least two adsorption and desorption units. It is known to the person skilled in the art that the adsorption can not take place continuously, since the material is considered to be saturated according to its properties at a certain time in the sense of refrigeration technology. Near this point in time, it would be possible to switch to desorption, after which the material can then re-adsorb. Accordingly, a Tere preferred embodiment of the invention, a refrigeration system with at least two adsorption and Desorption- units.
• preferred embodiments of the invention allow only one evaporator to be needed, whereas EP 0795725 requires a plurality of evaporators.
• the majority of the evaporators disadvantageously leads to the fact that the return of the condensate from the condenser must be distributed uniformly to the number of evaporators and thus requires at least one separate device. This is advantageously not required according to the invention.
• the teaching of the invention can be realized with a simpler, smaller and cheaper device than the teachings of the prior art, especially since it includes only one evaporator in a preferred variant.
• Another advantage of preferred variants according to the teaching of the invention results from the fact that the desorption, ie the expulsion of the adsorptive, in particular of the refrigerant, from the adsorbent requires high temperatures or low pressures; In the case of adsorbents of this type, it is difficult under conventional temperature boundary conditions to sufficiently desorb the adsorbents in the course of the process.
• the desorption of the adsorbent unlike in the teachings of the prior art, supported, in particular by the adsorption of the adsorptive from the desorber in a adsorber of the second stage.
• the term of the refrigerant is preferably used synonymously for the term adsorptive and includes any agents which are adsorbed or adsorbed on the adsorption medium in an adsorption machine; Accordingly, it is not limited to means of refrigeration only.
• the refrigeration system at least two adsorption and Desorption-, as him the terms adsorption and desorption tion units and first or second stages are known in the context of the overall disclosure of the invention and its general standard knowledge.
• the person skilled in the art with average knowledge can also constructively realize the first or second stage in the sense of the invention. He is aware that in the prior art the term second stage is a repetition of the first stage at a different temperature level. For the purposes of the invention, the second stage results from the connection of two different adsorbers and the second stage is preferably realized at the same temperature level.
• the refrigeration system additionally has a storage unit. It is advantageous if, in particular, solids sorption heat pumps additionally have a storage unit in the form that they can be shut off by one or more vapor barriers or a steam valve from the remaining, preferably solid, sorption heat pump.
• the adsorbents may be selected from the group comprising zeolite, silica gel, bentonite, activated carbon, alumina gel, cellulose and / or starch.
• the refrigerant, in particular water / steam in the refrigeration system is conducted by structural design so that the generated from the desorption of the first stage gaseous refrigerant, in particular water vapor, is passed into the adsorber of the second stage.
• structural design are known to those skilled in the art with average skill.
• Particularly preferred are zeolite as the adsorbent in the first stage and silica gel in the second stage.
• silica gel in the first stage and zeolite in the second stage.
• the same adsorption material can also be used in both stages.
• the desorption of the adsorption material in the first stage is achieved by adsorption in the second stage.
• the refrigeration system may comprise, in addition to the two adsorption / desorption units, a steam distribution system, wherein all stages can be interconnected such that the steam flow can be conducted in all stages. It is particularly preferred if an adsorption stage is connected between the desorption and the liquefaction, ie preferably the condensation.
• the invention also relates to the use of the method according to the invention for reducing the intercept pressure, and in a further preferred embodiment also relates to the use of the method according to the invention for desorption of a refrigerant in an adsorber.
• the intermediate pressure reduction means according to the invention that the desorption of a first stage takes place at a lower pressure. This leads to an improved adsorption capacity of this stage, since this stage can be dried better at a lower pressure.
• this pressure is lower than the condensing pressure.
• this pressure is always above the adsorption pressure of the first stage. It is therefore between these other pressures, which according to the invention in
• the method according to the invention can be used to achieve a two-stage adsorption in a heat pump / chiller with the above mentioned o. Perform benefits.
• the decoupling means in the sense of the invention that the desorption pressure of the first stage normally always depends on the condensing pressure or is dominated. Since according to the invention advantageously adsorption can be switched before the liquefaction, the condensing pressure no longer has a direct effect on the desorption pressure of the first stage.
• the method leads to at least two different relative decreases in vapor pressure within an adsorption refrigeration machine.
• the invention also relates to the use of an adsorbent as a vapor sink for a desorption process within a solids sorption heat pump for reducing the pressure, in particular for lowering the pressure of the desorption of a first stage.
• steam sink means that the steam no longer flows around in the chambers of the respective component, but rather is converted or decomposed by phase change from vapor to liquid or vapor to adsorbate (adsorbed phase).
• the second stage is not always used to reduce the pressure of desorption of the first stage, but deactivated or operated analogously to the first stage, so as to increase the performance of the solids sorption heat pump or to operate the second stage only optional, wherein analogously in the sense
• the invention means that it is adsorbed directly from the evaporator and accordingly no adsorption takes place from a desorption stage.
• the invention therefore also relates, in a further aspect, to a device in which a steam distribution system is provided which allows all flow paths between the adsorbers and desorbers, in particular also a direct flow from the evaporator to the second or all further stages and from the first stage and all other stages to the capacitor.
• FIG.l a possible two-stage adsorption heat pump, with the refrigerant vapor and heat flows and the connection to a dry recooler and the resulting temperatures.
• the system is driven with 80 0 C, ie the desorber of the first stage and the desorber of the second stage are desorbed at this temperature level.
• the desorption of the first stage takes place at the adsorption pressure of the second stage. This pressure depends not only on the recooling temperature, but in particular on the relative reduction of vapor pressure at this temperature by the adsorption process.
• FI6.2 two possible operating phases of a two-stage adsorption heat pump according to the invention.
• the typical alternating operation manifests itself in both stages, for example in the form that the vapor from the evaporator is adsorbed alternately by the first stage and the second stage liquefied vapor flows alternately from the second stage to the condenser.
• Fig.3 a possible embodiment of the invention with egg ⁇ ner second stage, which is constructed as a component having a multiple capacity of the first stage and can be operated with so-as a storage. Due to the different capacities, the first stage will have a faster alternating operation than the second one. Furthermore, by performing the second stage as one component, second stage desorption will only occur if the first stage does not desorb at the same time.
• 4 operating phases are shown:
• 3rd 2nd stage is desorbed, no refrigeration. After completion of desorption and maintenance of this condition by, for example, steam valves, sorptive cold is stored

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2007
  • 2007-05-11 DE DE102007022841A patent/DE102007022841A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2008
  • 2008-05-13 EP EP08758065A patent/EP2162687A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-05-13 US US12/599,547 patent/US20100300124A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-05-13 JP JP2010507789A patent/JP2010526983A/ja active Pending
  • 2008-05-13 WO PCT/DE2008/000810 patent/WO2008138325A1/de not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (5)

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