WO2008131673A1 - Blocs de construction déformés et structure de paroi faite au moyen de ceux-ci - Google Patents

Blocs de construction déformés et structure de paroi faite au moyen de ceux-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008131673A1
WO2008131673A1 PCT/CN2008/070757 CN2008070757W WO2008131673A1 WO 2008131673 A1 WO2008131673 A1 WO 2008131673A1 CN 2008070757 W CN2008070757 W CN 2008070757W WO 2008131673 A1 WO2008131673 A1 WO 2008131673A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
top surface
wall
distance
width
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PCT/CN2008/070757
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hao Wang
Original Assignee
Hao Wang
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Application filed by Hao Wang filed Critical Hao Wang
Publication of WO2008131673A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008131673A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/12—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape

Definitions

  • Shaped block and wall structure formed thereby
  • the present invention relates to a block for forming a building wall in the field of construction, and a wall structure formed.
  • Chinese Patent Application No. 00103227.5 entitled “Dry Brick Building Blocks” discloses a block for stacking walls with other identical blocks having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a front and back surface. And the end face, the front and the back are substantially flat, the top surface is ridged, the bottom surface is grooved so that the bottom surface is inlaid with the ridge, and the end portion has a slit for lap joint.
  • the ridge 3 preferably has a front slope portion 6 and a rear slope portion 26. The slopes 6, 26 of the ridge 3 allow water that may enter the bricks to drain from the brickwork.
  • the dry masonry block is suitable for dry-laying, and must be "with a slit at the same end for lap joint”; from its claim 1, the description and the drawings, the highest “ridge 3" of the block can only be described.
  • the water that may enter the brick layer is discharged from the brickwork", that is to say, the block can only block the water in the transverse joint between the upper and lower brick layers adjacent to the masonry, and its ridge,
  • the groove and the slit, as claimed in claim 1 function as "inlaid” and “lapped”, and do not solve the problem of overall leakage prevention of water flowing directly into the vertical joint directly from the outside of the wall in various meteorological environments.
  • the present invention provides a wall leakage preventing performance, which can enhance the formed wall.
  • a shaped block wherein the block is a longitudinal profile, comprising: a top surface, a bottom surface, two end surfaces and two side surfaces, the cross section of the block is generally "H" shaped, and the block is The top surface of the block is substantially symmetrical; the top surface of the block is high and low in the middle, and the top surface includes a left top surface, a middle top surface, and a right top surface, and the distance between the left top surface and the middle top surface a distance equal to a distance between the right top surface and a center line of the cross-section of the block; the bottom surface of the block is high on both sides and low in the middle, and the bottom surface includes a left bottom surface, a middle bottom surface, and a right bottom surface, and the left bottom surface and the middle bottom surface The distance between the bottom surfaces is equal to the distance between the right bottom surface and the center line of the cross section of the block; the width of the middle top surface is not less than the width of the right bottom surface, and the width of the middle bottom surface is not less than the
  • the right side surface is composed of two inclined surfaces symmetrically up and down, the right top surface is an upper inclined surface between the longitudinal center line of the block, and the lower inclined surface is between the right bottom surface and the longitudinal center line of the block.
  • connecting surface between the left top surface and the middle top surface is parallel to the upper inclined surface
  • the connecting surface between the left bottom surface and the middle bottom surface is parallel to the lower inclined surface
  • connecting surface between the middle top surface and the right top surface is an inclined surface
  • the middle bottom surface and the right bottom bottom The connecting surface between the faces is an inclined face
  • the connecting surface between the left top surface and the middle top surface is an inclined surface, and the connecting surface between the middle top surface and the right top surface is also an inclined surface.
  • An additional block mating with the block when forming a wall, the additional block being a longitudinal profile, comprising: a top surface, a bottom surface, two end surfaces and two side surfaces, wherein the bottom surface is a horizontal plane, The top surface cooperates with the bottom surface of the block.
  • the top surface of the block is substantially symmetrical; the top surface of the block is high and low in the middle, and the top surface includes a left top surface, a middle top surface, and a right top surface, and the distance between the left top surface and the middle top surface a distance equal to the distance between the right top surface and the center line of the block;
  • the bottom surface of the block is high on both sides and low in the middle, and the bottom surface includes a left bottom surface, a middle bottom surface, and a right bottom surface, and the left bottom surface and the middle bottom surface The distance between the right bottom surface and the center line of the block; the width
  • the right side surface is composed of two inclined surfaces symmetrically up and down, the right top surface is an upper inclined surface between the longitudinal center line of the block, and the lower bottom surface is a lower inclined surface between the right bottom surface and the longitudinal center line of the block;
  • the connecting surface between the left top surface and the middle top surface is parallel to the upper inclined surface, and the connecting surface between the left bottom surface and the middle bottom surface is parallel to the lower inclined surface.
  • the invention adopts an "H"-shaped block, and the adjacent upper and lower blocks are reversely staggered and interlocked with each other; the middle top surface of the block is in contact with the left top surface, the middle bottom surface and the left bottom surface, thereby blocking
  • the function of the wall can prevent leakage on both sides; water can also penetrate from the masonry to the other side, while the soil blocks on the side of the wall. It acts as a permeable and soil-retaining soil.
  • the width of the middle top surface is not less than the width of the right bottom surface, and the width of the middle bottom surface is not less than the width of the right top surface, which can ensure the mutual formation of the wall body; the width of the middle top surface can be selected to be equal to the width of the right bottom surface, and the width of the middle bottom surface. Equal to the width of the top top surface.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are mainly manifested in: 1.
  • the top surface and the bottom surface cooperate to structure interlocking and load-bearing stability, even if the non-load-bearing wall body is also tightly assembled; 2.
  • the top surface and the bottom surface of the block are matched,
  • the water entering the transverse joint and the vertical joint on both sides of the wall has a blocking effect. No matter which side of the wall, when the surface water of the wall is to penetrate into the wall, it can be prevented from leaking by the barrier; 3.
  • Masonry joint When there are gaps on both sides of the wall, especially when dry, the water on one side of the wall accumulates through the support slope, and overflows from the masonry gap to the other side. The soil in the water is accumulating. Remaining.
  • Figure 1 is a structural view of an embodiment of a shaped block of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a block structural view of the right side surface composed of two inclined faces on the basis of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a block structural view showing an inclined surface between the left top surface and the middle top surface on the basis of Fig. 2;
  • Figure 4 is a block structural view of the inclined top surface between the middle top surface and the right top surface on the basis of Figure 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the structure of the inclined surface between the left top surface and the middle top surface and the inclined surface between the middle top surface and the right top surface.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of the top surface provided with a longitudinal groove and a bottom surface provided with a tongue and groove on the basis of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the structure of the top surface provided with a vertical groove and the bottom surface provided with a tongue and groove on the basis of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram of a block having a hole inside the block on the basis of Figure 1.
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram showing the structure of the block inside the block on the basis of Figure 4.
  • Figure 10 is a block diagram of the top surface provided with a longitudinal groove and a bottom surface provided with a tongue and groove on the basis of Figure 4.
  • Figure 11 is a block diagram of the top surface provided with a vertical groove and a bottom surface provided with a tongue and groove on the basis of Figure 4.
  • Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing the structure in which a hole is formed in the middle portion, and a chamfered portion is provided at the joint between the top surface and the left side surface.
  • Figure 13 is a block diagram of a block having a hole in the middle and a chamfered joint at the bottom and left side on the basis of Figure 4.
  • Figure 14 is a block diagram of the block on the left side with a decorative surface on the basis of Figure 4.
  • Figure 15 is a block diagram showing the construction of a block at the junction of the top surface and the left side surface on the basis of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 16 is a block diagram showing the chamfering of the left side surface, the top surface, and the joints of the two end faces on the basis of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 17 is a block diagram of the block after the cut-off portion on the left side of the block on the basis of Figure 4.
  • Figure 18 is a block diagram of the internal reinforcement of the block on the basis of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 19 is a block structural view showing a lead plate on the right top surface, the right side surface, and the right bottom surface, based on Fig. 1;
  • Figure 20 is an additional block structure diagram of the block shown in Figure 1 when forming a wall structure.
  • Figure 21 is an additional block structure diagram of the block shown in Figure 4 when forming a wall structure.
  • Figure 22 is a structural view of a wall formed by the block shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 23 is a structural view of a wall formed by the block shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 24 is a structural view of the wall formed by the additional block shown in Figure 20 on the bottom of Figure 22;
  • Figure 25 is a structural view of the wall formed by the additional block shown in Figure 21 on the bottom of Figure 23;
  • Embodiment 1 Referring to Figure 1, a profiled block, the block is a longitudinal profile, comprising: a top surface 1, a bottom surface 2, two end surfaces 3 and two side surfaces 4, the cross section of the block as a whole In the shape of "H", the block is substantially symmetrical in cross section; the top surface 1 of the block is high on both sides and low in the middle, and the top surface 1 includes a left top surface 1.1, a middle top surface 1.2, and a right top portion. Face 1.3, the distance between the left top surface 1.1 and the middle top surface 1.2 is equal to the distance between the right top surface 1.2 and the centerline of the block; the bottom surface 2 of the block is high on both sides and low in the middle.
  • the bottom surface 2 includes a left bottom surface 2.1, a middle bottom surface 2.2, and a right bottom surface 2.3.
  • the distance between the left bottom surface 2.1 and the middle bottom surface 2.2 is equal to the distance between the right bottom surface 2.2 and the center line of the block;
  • the bottom surface is formed such that when the block and the similar blocks below are reversely staggered to form a wall, the middle top surface of the lower block is in contact with the left bottom surface of the block, and the right top surface is The middle bottom surface of the block contacts to lock the two blocks, preventing relative lateral movement.
  • the right side surface 4 is composed of two inclined surfaces which are vertically symmetrical, and the right top surface 1.3 and the longitudinal center line of the block are an upper inclined surface 5, and the right bottom surface 2.3 and the longitudinal center line of the block Tilt down Face 6.
  • the connecting surface 7 between the left top surface 1.1 and the middle top surface 1.2 is parallel to the upper inclined surface 5
  • the connecting surface 7 between the left bottom surface 2.1 and the middle bottom surface 2.2 is parallel to the lower inclined surface 5.
  • the connecting surface 10 between the middle top surface 1.2 and the right top surface 1.3 is an inclined surface
  • the connecting surface 9 between the middle bottom surface 2.2 and the right bottom surface 2.3 is an inclined surface
  • the connecting surface 7 between the left top surface 1.1 and the middle top surface 1.2 is an inclined surface
  • the connecting surface between the middle top surface 1.2 and the right top surface 1.3 is also an inclined surface.
  • a groove 12 is provided on the left top surface 1.1, and a tongue opening 13 is provided on the left bottom surface 2.1.
  • the block shown in Fig. 7 is also provided on the block base shown in Fig. 1, with a groove 15 on the front end face 3 and a tongue-and-groove 14 on the rear end face.
  • the block shown in Fig. 8 is provided with holes on the block shown in Fig. 1.
  • the block shown in Fig. 9 is provided with a hole in the block shown in Fig. 4.
  • the block shown in Fig. 10 is based on the block shown in Fig. 4.
  • the left top surface 1.1 is provided with a groove
  • the left bottom surface 2.1 is provided with a tongue and groove.
  • the block shown in Fig. 11 is provided with a groove on the front end face 3 and a tongue-end on the rear end face on the block shown in Fig. 4.
  • the block shown in Fig. 12 is provided with a hole in the middle of the block on the block shown in Fig. 4, and a chamfer is provided between the left top surface 1.1 and the left bottom surface 2.1 and the left side surface.
  • the block shown in Fig. 13 is provided with a hole in the middle of the block on the block shown in Fig. 4, and a chamfer is provided between the left bottom surface 2.1 and the left side surface.
  • the block shown in Fig. 14 is provided with a decorative layer on the left side of the block on the basis of the block shown in Fig. 4.
  • the block shown in Fig. 15 is chamfered between the left top surface 1.1, the left bottom surface 2.1 and the left side surface on the block shown in Fig. 1.
  • the block shown in Fig. 16 is chamfered between the left side surface and the left top surface 1.1, the left bottom surface 2.1, and the two end faces on the block shown in Fig. 1.
  • the block shown in Fig. 17 is cut off on the left side of the block shown in Fig. 4; the wall surface can be wavy when the wall is formed.
  • the block shown in Figure 18, based on the block shown in Figure 1, is internally reinforced to enhance the firmness.
  • the block shown in Fig. 19 is provided with a lead plate on the right top surface, the right side surface and the right bottom surface on the basis of Fig. 1, and has a radiation preventing function when the wall body is formed.
  • the additional block shown in Fig. 20, which is used in conjunction with the block shown in Fig. 1, to form the wall at the bottom or top of the block, can form a complete wall.
  • the additional block shown in Fig. 21, which is used in conjunction with the block shown in Fig. 4, is used at the bottom or top of the block to form a complete wall.
  • a wall structure formed by the shaped block, the wall body comprising a wall layer formed by longitudinally joining the blocks, the wall Stacked in layers, the blocks of adjacent wall layers are staggered with each other, the block is a longitudinal profile, comprising: a top surface 1, a bottom surface 2, two end surfaces 3 and two side surfaces 4, the blocks
  • the cross section is generally "H" in shape, the cross section of the block is substantially symmetrical; the top surface 1 of the block is high on both sides and low in the middle, and the top surface 1 includes a left top surface 1.1, a middle top Face 1.2, right top surface 1.3, the distance between the left top surface 1.1 and the middle top surface 1.2 is equal to the distance between the right top surface 1.2 and the centerline of the block; the bottom surface 2 of the block is high on both sides
  • the bottom surface 2 includes a left bottom surface 2.1, a middle bottom surface 2.2, and a right bottom surface 2.3.
  • the distance between the left bottom surface 2.1 and the middle bottom surface 2.2 is equal to the distance between the right bottom surface 2.2 and the center line of the block;
  • the top surface and the bottom surface are formed such that when the block and the similar blocks below are reversely staggered to form a wall, Left in contact with the bottom surface of the block top surface of the block, and the right bottom surface in contact with the top surface of the block so as to lock the two blocks, prevents relative lateral movement.
  • the right side surface is composed of two inclined surfaces symmetrically up and down, the right top surface is an upper inclined surface between the longitudinal center line of the block, and the lower bottom surface is a lower inclined surface between the right bottom surface and the longitudinal center line of the block;
  • the connecting surface between the left top surface and the middle top surface is parallel to the upper inclined surface, and the connecting surface between the left bottom surface and the middle bottom surface is parallel to the lower inclined surface.
  • FIG. 24 a schematic view of a wall structure formed by the blocks shown in Figure 1.
  • the wall is provided with an enlarged masonry vertical joint 16, which can achieve ecological effects and humanized climbing effects, and can plant flowers or plants for use by aquatic animals.
  • FIG. 23 a schematic view of the wall structure formed by the blocks shown in Figure 4.
  • the wall is provided with an enlarged masonry vertical joint 16, which can achieve ecological effects and humanized climbing effects, and can be used for planting flowers or for use by aquatic animals.
  • each of the blocks shown in Figures 2, 3, and 5 to 21 can also form a similar wall structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Description

异形砌块及其形成的墙体结构
(一） 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑领域的一种用于形成建筑墙体的砌块， 以及形成的墙体结构。
(二） 背景技术
对于房屋建筑墙体， 砌筑缝的说漏水因素占了绝大多数。设置伸縮缝、加强梁柱、 减少屋盖同砌体的温差是目前减轻裂缝防漏水的主要方法； 也有采用带凹槽凸榫 类砌块的设计， 通过砌块互相砌合使砌体具有一些防漏作用， 但或因生产复杂、 或因砌筑不便、 或因功能欠缺， 但最终都没能根书本解决砌筑缝的防漏问题。
例如， 名称为 "干砌砖型砌块" 的中国发明专利申请 00103227.5， 公开了一 种用于与其它相同砌块叠砌成墙的砌块， 所述砌块有顶面、底面、前后面和端面， 前面和后面基本上是平面， 顶面出脊， 底面有槽以便该底面与脊镶嵌， 同时端部 有切口以便搭接。 "在其说明书第 3页详细说明 "脊 3最好具有前坡部 6和后坡 部 26。脊 3的坡部 6、 26使可能进入砖层间的水从砌砖间排出。 "该干砌砖型砌块 适宜于干砌方式， 必须 "同时端部有切口以便搭接" ； 从其权利要求 1、 说明书 和附图都说明该砌块最高的 "脊 3 "也只能 "使可能进入砖层间的水从砌砖间排 出" ， 也就是说该砌块只能对进入砌体相邻上下砖层之间的横缝中的水有一定拦 阻排出作用， 其脊、槽、切口如其权利要求 1所说的是起 "镶嵌" 、 "搭接"作用， 没有解决直接从墙外面流入竖缝的水在各种气象环境下的整体防漏问题。
实际上， 从防水原理、特征、方法上分析比较， 有许多砌块具有与中国发明专 利申请 00103227.5类似的情况， 如专利申请号为： 86106157、 93105572.5、 03218670.3 、 86106157 、 93105572.5 、 03218670.3 、 00103227.5 、 98114537.X, 200420073890.0、 200410071516.1等。 上述横缝挡水技术、 叠瓦式单面挡水技术都有不足， 因此， 建筑墙体防漏问 题直到今日还是业界重大难题。
因此， 水工、 交通等建筑墙体的透水留土问题直到今日还是业界重大难题。 (三） 发明内容
为了克服现有的由砌块形成的墙体的砌筑缝防漏性能差、抗震性能差、不具有 透水留土功能的不足， 本发明提供一种能增强所形成的墙体防漏性能、 抗震稳固 的异形砌块， 以及任一面防止漏水、 同时抗震稳固， 具有良好的透水留土效果的 墙体结构。
本发明为解决其技术问题采用的技术方案为：
一种异形砌块， 所述的砌块是纵向型材， 包括： 顶面、底面、两个端面和两个 侧面， 所述砌块的横截面整体上呈 "H"形， 所述砌块的横截面上下基本对称； 所述砌块的顶面两侧高、中间低， 所述顶面包括左顶面、中顶面、右顶面， 所述左 顶面与中顶面之间的距离等于所述右顶面与砌块横截面中心线之间的距离； 所述 砌块的底面两侧高、中间低， 所述底面包括左底面、中底面、右底面， 所述左底面 与中底面之间的距离等于所述右底面与砌块横截面中心线之间的距离； 中顶面的 宽度不小于右底面的宽度， 中底面的宽度不小于右顶面的宽度； 所述的顶面和底 面是这样形成， 当所述的砌块与下面的类似砌块反向交错叠砌形成墙体时， 下面 砌块的中顶面与所述砌块的右左底面接触， 右顶面与所述砌块的中底面接触从而 将两个砌块锁定， 阻止了相对的横向移动。
进一步， 所述右侧面由上下对称的两个倾斜面组成， 所述右顶面与砌块纵向 中心线之间为上倾斜面， 右底面与砌块纵向中心线之间为下倾斜面。
再进一步， 所述左顶面与中顶面之间的连接面与上倾斜面平行， 所述左底面 与中底面之间的连接面与下倾斜面平行。
更进一步， 所述中顶面与右顶面之间的连接面为倾斜面， 所述中底面与右底 面之间的连接面为倾斜面。
所述左顶面与中顶面之间的连接面为倾斜面， 所述中顶面与右顶面之间的连 接面也为倾斜面。
一种在形成墙体时与所述砌块配合的附加砌块， 所述附加砌块为纵向型材， 包括： 顶面、底面、两个端面和两个侧面， 所述的底面为水平面， 所述顶面与砌块 的底面配合。
一种用所述的异形砌块形成的墙体结构， 所述的墙体包括所述的砌块纵向相 接形成的墙层， 所述的墙层层层叠置， 相邻墙层的砌块之间相互交错布置， 所述 的砌块是纵向型材， 包括： 顶面、底面、两个端面和两个侧面， 所述砌块的横截面 整体上呈 "H"形， 所述砌块的横截面上下基本对称； 所述砌块的顶面两侧高、 中 间低， 所述顶面包括左顶面、中顶面、右顶面， 所述左顶面与中顶面之间的距离等 于所述右顶面与砌块中心线之间的距离； 所述砌块的底面两侧高、 中间低， 所述 底面包括左底面、中底面、右底面， 所述左底面与中底面之间的距离等于所述右底 面与砌块中心线之间的距离； 中顶面的宽度不小于右底面的宽度， 中底面的宽度 不小于右顶面的宽度； 所述的砌块与下面的类似砌块反向交错叠砌， 下面砌块的 中顶面与相邻上面砌块的左底面接触， 右顶面与所述相邻上面砌块的中底面接触 从而将两个砌块锁定， 阻止了相对的横向移动。
所述右侧面由上下对称的两个倾斜面组成， 所述右顶面与砌块纵向中心线之 间为上倾斜面， 右底面与砌块纵向中心线之间为下倾斜面； 所述左顶面与中顶面 之间的连接面与上倾斜面平行， 所述左底面与中底面之间的连接面与下倾斜面平 行。
本发明采用 "H"形砌块， 相邻上下砌块之间反向交错叠砌， 相互联锁； 砌 块的中顶面与左顶面、 中底面与左底面之间接触， 起到阻拦作用， 墙体两侧均能 够起到防漏作用； 水也能够从砌筑缝中渗透到另一侧， 而泥土则阻挡在墙体一侧， 起到透水留土作用。
中顶面的宽度不小于右底面的宽度， 中底面的宽度不小于右顶面的宽度， 能 够保证相互砌筑形成墙体； 可以选择中顶面的宽度等于右底面的宽度， 中底面的 宽度等于右顶面的宽度。
本发明的有益效果主要表现在： 1、顶面和底面配合能起结构联锁、承载稳定 作用， 既使非承重墙体也砌合紧密； 2、砌块的顶面和底面配合， 对于从墙体两面 进入横缝、 竖缝的水都具有阻拦作用， 不论是墙体哪一侧， 当墙体表面水要深入 墙体内时， 受到阻隔可以起到防漏作用； 3、砌筑缝留有贯通墙体两侧的缝隙、尤 其是干砌时， 墙体一侧的水经支承坡的阻挡积升后， 从砌筑缝隙溢流到另一侧， 水中的泥土在积升过程中留积。
(四） 附图说明 图 1是本发明的异形砌块的实施例的结构图。 图 2是在图 1的基础上， 右侧面由两个倾斜面组成的砌块结构图。 图 3是在图 2的基础上， 左顶面与中顶面之间为倾斜面的砌块结构图。 图 4是在图 3的基础上， 中顶面与右顶面之间也为倾斜面的砌块结构图。 图 5是在图 1的基础上， 左顶面与中顶面之间为倾斜面、 中顶面与右顶面之 间也为倾斜面的砌块结构图。 图 6是在图 1的基础上， 顶面设有纵向凹槽， 底面设有企口的砌块结构图。 图 7是在图 1的基础上， 顶面设有竖向凹槽， 底面设有企口的砌块结构图。 图 8在图 1的基础上， 砌块内部设有孔的砌块结构图。
图 9是在图 4的基础上， 砌块内部设有孔的砌块结构图。
图 10是在图 4的基础上， 顶面设有纵向凹槽， 底面设有企口的砌块结构图。 图 11是在图 4的基础上， 顶面设有竖向凹槽， 底面设有企口的砌块结构图。 图 12是在图 4基础上， 中部设有孔、顶面与左侧面连接处设有倒角的砌块结 构图。
图 13是在图 4基础上， 中部设有孔， 底面与左侧面连接处设有倒角的砌块 结构图。
图 14是在图 4基础上， 左侧面带有装饰面的砌块结构图。
图 15是在图 1的基础上， 顶面与左侧面连接处设有倒角的砌块结构图。 图 16是在图 1基础上， 左侧面与顶面、两个端面连接处均设有倒角的砌块结 构图。
图 17是在图 4基础上， 砌块左侧切除部分后的砌块结构图。
图 18是在图 1基础上， 砌块内部配筋的砌块结构图。
图 19是在图 1基础上， 在右顶面、右侧面、右底面上设有铅板的砌块结构图。 图 20是在形成墙体结构时， 与图 1所示的砌块配合的附加砌块结构图。 图 21是在形成墙体结构时， 与图 4所示的砌块配合的附加砌块结构图。 图 22是用图 1所示砌块形成的墙体结构图。 图 23是用图 4所示砌块形成的墙体结构图。 图 24是在图 22的基础上， 底部采用图 20所示附加砌块形成的墙体结构图。 图 25是在图 23的基础上， 底部采用图 21所示附加砌块形成的墙体结构图。
(五） 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。 实施例 1 参照图 1， 一种异形砌块， 所述的砌块是纵向型材， 包括： 顶面 1、底面 2、两 个端面 3和两个侧面 4， 所述砌块的横截面整体上呈 " H"形， 所述砌块的横截面 上下基本对称； 所述砌块的顶面 1两侧高、 中间低， 所述顶面 1包括左顶面 1.1、 中顶面 1.2、右顶面 1.3， 所述左顶面 1.1与中顶面 1.2之间的距离等于所述右顶面 1.2与砌块中心线之间的距离； 所述砌块的底面 2两侧高、中间低， 所述底面 2包 括左底面 2.1、中底面 2.2、右底面 2.3， 所述左底面 2.1与中底面 2.2之间的距离等 于所述右底面 2.2与砌块中心线之间的距离； 所述的顶面和底面是这样形成， 当 所述的砌块与下面的类似砌块反向交错叠砌形成墙体时， 下面砌块的中顶面与所 述砌块的左底面接触， 右顶面与所述砌块的中底面接触从而将两个砌块锁定， 阻 止了相对的横向移动。
参照图 2， 所述右侧面 4由上下对称的两个倾斜面组成， 所述右顶面 1.3与 砌块纵向中心线之间为上倾斜面 5， 右底面 2.3与砌块纵向中心线之间为下倾斜 面 6。
参照图 3， 所述左顶面 1.1与中顶面 1.2之间的连接面 7与上倾斜面 5平行， 所述左底面 2.1与中底面 2.2之间的连接面 7与下倾斜面 5平行。
参照图 4， 所述中顶面 1.2与右顶面 1.3之间的连接面 10为倾斜面， 所述中 底面 2.2与右底面 2.3之间的连接面 9为倾斜面。
参照图 5， 所述左顶面 1.1与中顶面 1.2之间的连接面 7为倾斜面， 所述中顶 面 1.2与右顶面 1.3之间的连接面也为倾斜面。
参照图 6， 在图 1所示基础砌块上， 左顶面 1.1上设有凹槽 12， 左底面 2.1 上设有企口 13。
图 7所示砌块也在图 1所示砌块基础上， 在前端面 3上设有凹槽 15， 后端面 上设有企口 14。
图 8所示砌块， 在图 1所示砌块基础上， 设有孔洞。
图 9所示砌块， 在图 4所示砌块基础上， 设有孔洞。
图 10所示砌块， 在图 4所示砌块基础上， 左顶面 1.1上设有凹槽， 左底面 2.1上设有企口。
图 11所示砌块， 在图 4所示砌块基础上， 在前端面 3上设有凹槽， 后端面 上设有企口。
图 12所示砌块， 在图 4所示砌块基础上， 砌块中部设有孔洞， 且左顶面 1.1、 左底面 2.1与左侧面之间设有倒角。
图 13所示砌块， 在图 4所示砌块基础上， 砌块中部设有孔洞， 且左底面 2.1 与左侧面之间设有倒角。
图 14所示砌块， 在图 4所示砌块基础上， 砌块的左侧面设有装饰层。
图 15所示砌块， 在图 1所示砌块基础上， 左顶面 1.1、左底面 2.1与左侧面之 间设有倒角。 图 16所示砌块， 在图 1所示砌块基础上， 左侧面与左顶面 1.1、 左底面 2.1、 两个端面之间设有倒角。
图 17所示砌块， 在图 4所示砌块基础上， 左侧切除部分； 能够在形成墙体 时， 墙体表面呈波浪形。
图 18所示砌块， 在图 1所示砌块基础上， 内部配筋， 能够加强牢固度。 图 19所示砌块， 在图 1基础上， 在右顶面、右侧面、右底面上设有铅板， 形 成墙体时具有防辐射功能。
图 20所示附加砌块， 为与图 1所示砌块配合， 形成墙体时用在最底部或最 顶部的砌块， 能够形成完整的墙体。
图 21所示附加砌块， 为与图 4所示砌块配合， 形成墙体时用在最底部或最 顶部的砌块， 能够形成完整的墙体。
实施例 2
参照图 1、 图 4以及图 22〜25， 一种用所述的异形砌块形成的墙体结构， 所述 的墙体包括所述的砌块纵向相接形成的墙层， 所述的墙层层层叠置， 相邻墙层的 砌块之间相互交错布置， 所述的砌块是纵向型材， 包括： 顶面 1、底面 2、两个端 面 3和两个侧面 4， 所述砌块的横截面整体上呈 " H"形， 所述砌块的横截面上下 基本对称； 所述砌块的顶面 1两侧高、 中间低， 所述顶面 1包括左顶面 1.1、 中顶 面 1.2、 右顶面 1.3， 所述左顶面 1.1与中顶面 1.2之间的距离等于所述右顶面 1.2 与砌块中心线之间的距离； 所述砌块的底面 2两侧高、 中间低， 所述底面 2包括 左底面 2.1、中底面 2.2、右底面 2.3， 所述左底面 2.1与中底面 2.2之间的距离等于 所述右底面 2.2与砌块中心线之间的距离； 所述的顶面和底面是这样形成， 当所 述的砌块与下面的类似砌块反向交错叠砌形成墙体时， 下面砌块的中顶面与所述 砌块的左底面接触， 右顶面与所述砌块的中底面接触从而将两个砌块锁定， 阻止 了相对的横向移动。 所述右侧面由上下对称的两个倾斜面组成， 所述右顶面与砌块纵向中心线之 间为上倾斜面， 右底面与砌块纵向中心线之间为下倾斜面； 所述左顶面与中顶面 之间的连接面与上倾斜面平行， 所述左底面与中底面之间的连接面与下倾斜面平 行。
参照图 22， 由如图 1所示砌块形成的墙体结构示意图。图 24中， 墙体中设有 加大的砌筑竖缝 16， 可以达到生态效果和人性化攀爬效果， 可种植花草或让水 生动物利用。
参照图 23， 由如图 4所示砌块形成的墙体结构示意图。图 25中， 墙体中设有 加大的砌筑竖缝 16， 可以达到生态效果和人性化攀爬效果， 可种植花草或让水 生动物利用。
当然， 如图 2、 3、 5〜21所示的各个砌块， 也能够形成类似的墙体结构。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、一种异形砌块， 所述的砌块是纵向型材， 包括： 顶面、底面、两个端面和两个侧 面， 其特征在于： 所述砌块的横截面整体上呈 " H"形， 所述砌块的横截面上下 基本对称； 所述砌块的顶面两侧高、中间低， 所述顶面包括左顶面、中顶面、右顶 面， 所述左顶面与中顶面之间的距离等于所述右顶面与砌块横截面中心线之间的 距离； 所述砌块的底面两侧高、中间低， 所述底面包括左底面、中底面、右底面， 所述左底面与中底面之间的距离等于所述右底面与砌块横截面中心线之间的距离; 中顶面的宽度不小于右底面的宽度， 中底面的宽度不小于右顶面的宽度； 所述的顶面和底面是这样形成， 当所述的砌块与下面的类似砌块反向交错叠砌形 成墙体时， 下面砌块的中顶面与所述砌块的右左底面接触， 右顶面与所述砌块的 中底面接触从而将两个砌块锁定， 阻止了相对的横向移动。
2、如权利要求 1所述的一种异形砌块， 其特征在于： 所述右侧面由上下对称的两 个倾斜面组成， 所述右顶面与砌块纵向中心线之间为上倾斜面， 右底面与砌块纵 向中心线之间为下倾斜面。
3、如权利要求 2所述的一种异形砌块， 其特征在于： 所述左顶面与中顶面之间的 连接面与上倾斜面平行， 所述左底面与中底面之间的连接面与下倾斜面平行。
4、如权利要求 3所述的一种异形砌块， 其特征在于： 所述中顶面与右顶面之间的 连接面为倾斜面， 所述中底面与右底面之间的连接面为倾斜面。
5、如权利要求 1所述的一种异形砌块， 其特征在于： 所述左顶面与中顶面之间的 连接面为倾斜面， 所述中顶面与右顶面之间的连接面也为倾斜面。
6、如权利要求 1一 5之一所述的一种异形砌块， 其特征在于： 所述左顶面、左底面 设有纵向或竖向凹槽。
7、 如权利要求 1一 5之一所述的一种异形砌块， 其特征在于： 所述的砌块内部设 有孔。
8、一种在形成墙体时与如权利要求 1所述砌块配合的附加砌块， 其特征在于： 所 述附加砌块为纵向型材， 包括： 顶面、底面、两个端面和两个侧面， 所述的底面为 水平面， 所述顶面与砌块的底面配合。
9、一种用如权利要求 1所述的异形砌块形成的墙体结构， 所述的墙体包括所述的 砌块纵向相接形成的墙层， 所述的墙层层层叠置， 相邻墙层的砌块之间相互交错 布置， 所述的砌块是纵向型材， 包括： 顶面、底面、两个端面和两个侧面， 其特征 在于： 所述砌块的横截面整体上呈 " H"形， 所述砌块的横截面上下基本对称； 所述砌块的顶面两侧高、中间低， 所述顶面包括左顶面、中顶面、右顶面， 所述左 顶面与中顶面之间的距离等于所述右顶面与砌块中心线之间的距离； 所述砌块的 底面两侧高、中间低， 所述底面包括左底面、中底面、右底面， 所述左底面与中底 面之间的距离等于所述右底面与砌块中心线之间的距离；
中顶面的宽度不小于右底面的宽度， 中底面的宽度不小于右顶面的宽度； 所述的砌块与下面的类似砌块反向交错叠砌， 下面砌块的中顶面与相邻上面砌块 的左底面接触， 右顶面与所述相邻上面砌块的中底面接触从而将两个砌块锁定， 阻止了相对的横向移动。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的用异形砌块形成的墙体结构， 其特征在于： 所述右侧面 由上下对称的两个倾斜面组成， 所述右顶面与砌块纵向中心线之间为上倾斜面， 右底面与砌块纵向中心线之间为下倾斜面； 所述左顶面与中顶面之间的连接面与 上倾斜面平行， 所述左底面与中底面之间的连接面与下倾斜面平行。
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CN101067340A (zh) * 2007-04-26 2007-11-07 汪浩 一种异形砌块及其形成的墙体结构

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