WO2008130306A1 - Systeme de pompe a chaleur solaire - Google Patents
Systeme de pompe a chaleur solaire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008130306A1 WO2008130306A1 PCT/SE2008/000280 SE2008000280W WO2008130306A1 WO 2008130306 A1 WO2008130306 A1 WO 2008130306A1 SE 2008000280 W SE2008000280 W SE 2008000280W WO 2008130306 A1 WO2008130306 A1 WO 2008130306A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- tank
- valve
- heat pump
- heat transfer
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
- F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
- F24D19/1078—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump and solar energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
- F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/06—Heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/20—Heat consumers
- F24D2220/209—Sanitary water taps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
- F24D2240/10—Placed within or inside of
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
- F24D2240/20—Placed at top position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
- F24D2240/22—Placed at bottom position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
- F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
- F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
- F28D2020/0086—Partitions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the invention relates to a solar assisted heat pump system of the type, that uses several heat sources.
- Heat sources for heat pumps are in well known manner solar collectors, outdoor units or aggregates collecting energy from the soil or from water.
- FIG. 1 shows this system, which has an outdoor unit and a solar collector delivering thermal energy to a water tank. An evaporator of a heat pump is placed inside the tank, hereby absorbing the heat from the water.
- the heat pump has a first heat transfer circuit, the outdoor unit a second heat transfer circuit and the solar collector a third.
- the second and third circuits are not independent from each other, but share a pump and part of the piping system to and from the tank.
- a 3-way valve is placed after the pump and is intended to switch the operational mode of the heat pump system between either solar collector operation, or outdoor unit operation.
- the system is in solar collection mode as long as the temperature V s of the collector is above the ambient temperature V
- the system runs either in collector mode or in outdoor unit mode.
- the system has the drawback, that the outdoor unit cannot be operated at low ambient temperatures without reducing the efficiency of the system.
- the outdoor unit After a full day, the water in the tank has reached a higher temperature than in the morning. If during the night the ambient temperature is a few degrees above the tank temperature, the outdoor unit might in principle add energy to the water in the tank. However, experience has shown that the brine temperature when entering the tank is about 2-3 °C below the ambient temperature , and would thus cool the water instead of heating. Therefore, if the outdoor temperature gets close to the tank temperature, the outdoor unit will not be activated.
- the present invention has as a general goal to improve the efficiency of a heat pump system using several energy sources. More specifically, the object of the invention is to make the combined use of a solar collector and an additional heat source at low outdoor temperatures thermally feasible.
- the inventive system comprises three heat transfer circuits and is characterised in that the evaporator of the heat pump is arranged outside the tank in heat exchanging connection with a common pipe section of the second and third heat transfer circuit, and that the third heat transfer circuit is configurable for operation in a closed loop.
- the third heat transfer circuit is configurable for operation in a closed loop, which means that the additional outdoor heat source can be disconnected from the brine circuit to the solar collector.
- the additional outdoor heat source can be disconnected from the brine circuit to the solar collector.
- the common pipe section is preferably the pipe section placed between an outlet of a coil placed inside the tank, and a valve.
- a pump can be inserted which circulates the brine in the common pipe section and, if needed, in the closed loop.
- the valve is connected to the input of the solar collector and to the input of the additional outdoor heat source.
- the valve is fed from the common pipe section and distributes the brine between the second and the third heat transfer circuit. This enables the manufacture of a physically compact system.
- the valve is of the type that can be modulated, often called a mixing valve. This is in difference to standard 3-way valves, which are on -off valves. If the valve is modulated by a controller, the brine can be split in any ratio between the second and the third heat transfer circuit. Thus, any ratio between 0 and 100% is possible, allowing precise regulation of the system.
- Splitting a heated brine between the two circuits is preferably used for defrosting the additional outdoor heat source, if such source is a unit extracting heat from the ambient air.
- the brine will be split by the valve, and a portion will pass through the solar collector and another portion passing the outdoor unit, hereby defrosting it.
- the flow rate through the outdoor unit during defrosting is controlled by the modulation of the valve.
- a bypass between the inlet pipe to the solar collector and the outlet pipe of the collector is made by means of a valve inserted in the inlet pipe, and by a pipe connected to said outlet.
- Fig.1 is a drawing of a prior art solar assisted heat pump system
- Fig.2 is a drawing of a first embodiment of the inventive system
- Fig.3 is drawing of a second embodiment of the inventive system
- Fig.4 is drawing of a third embodiment of the inventive system
- Fig.5 is drawing of a fourth embodiment of the inventive system
- Fig.6 is drawing of a fifth embodiment of the inventive system
- Fig.7 is a graph of the energy content of a tank using the reloading function
- Fig.8 is a diagram of another solar assisted heat pump system Detailed description of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows the inventive solar assisted heat pump system 1.
- the system is described for heating a house 50, but is adaptable for cooling purposes also.
- the heat pump 21 comprises a compressor 2 connected to condenser 3 via pipe 6B, an expansion valve 7 connected to the condenser via pipe 6C and to an evaporator 5 via pipe 6D.
- An auxiliary condenser 4 is inserted in pipe 6B before condenser 3 in order to raise the temperature in the top of the tank, but can in principle be omitted.
- COP coefficient of performance
- the evaporator is connected via pipe 6a to the compressor.
- a heat transfer medium is circulated through the pipes and components of heat pump 21 by compressor 2.
- refrigerant R407C is used as heat transfer medium, because it can absorb more heat than e.g. R134a.
- the heat pump system further comprises a water tank 9, which receives cold water from pipe 13. Hot tap water is stored in a reservoir 11 placed inside the tank and fed to a consumer via pipe 12.
- the heat pump system has two energy sources.
- an outdoor heat source which in this embodiment is an outdoor air unit 14, is placed in outdoor surroundings and functions in a known manner as heat source for the heat pump 21.
- outdoor unit 14 comprises a heat exchanger (not shown in the figure) which extracts thermal energy from the ambient air and transmits this energy to the heat pump 21 via a liquid brine in pipe 15a and heat exchanger section 15C.
- the second energy source for the heat pump system is a solar collector 19, typically placed on the roof of a house in a residential area.
- the solar collector 19 is connected via pipe 18 to a condenser 10 placed at the bottom of tank 9.
- a pump 8 is via evaporator 5 connected to a mixing valve 16, which via pipe 17 is connected to solar collector 19, and via pipe 15B connected to the input of outdoor unit 14.
- Condenser 3 is connected to tank 9 via inlet/outlets 30 and 31 , and the auxiliary condenser is connected via inlet/outlet 32.
- Pump 35 is supplying heat to the house 50 from inlet/outlet 31 via pipes 40 and 41.
- a control unit 25 incorporates microprocessor and control software and controls valve 16, pump 8 and expansion valve 7.
- the solar assisted heat pump system can be described as comprising three heat transfer circuits.
- the first circuit is the heat pump circuit itself, illustrated by reference number 21.
- the second circuit is the circuit described by the loop collector 19, pipe 18, coil 10, pump 8, pipe section 15C in heat exchanging connection with the evaporator 5, valve 16 and pipe 17.
- the third heat transfer circuit is described by the loop outdoor unit 14, pipe 15a, pump 8, section 15C, valve 16 and pipe 15B.
- the pipe section from the outlet of coil 10 to the inlet of valve 16 is in this application named the common pipe section 15C.
- the second and third heat transfer circuits share the piping and the evaporator 5.
- the heat pump system of Figure 2 functions in the following way.
- the heat transfer medium in solar collector 19 absorbs heat from the sun and transfers this energy to the coil 10 via pipe 18.
- Pump 8 ensures a rate of flow, which is sufficient to extract the optimum energy during daytime.
- Coil 10 exchanges the heat from the brine to the water in tank 9, and pump 8 feeds the evaporator 5 of the heat pump 21.
- pipe 15C is in heat exchanging relationship with evaporator 5, which absorbs heat from the pipe.
- the temperature of the brine when leaving coil 10 is higher than the temperature after having passed evaporator 5 and entering valve 16.
- Pump 8 is preferably speed controlled by controller 25.
- valve 16 splits the flow of brine between the solar collector and the outdoor unit. More specifically, mixing valve 16 is regulated by controller 25, which modulates the opening times of the valve 16 towards pipe 17 and towards pipe 15B. Modulation is done in dependence of a temperature of the brine from the collector 19, which temperature is measured on measuring spot 22 and compared to the measured outside temperature or to a temperature on the tank. The result of this temperature difference determines to which degree the collector 19 and the mixing valve 16 contributes energy to the tank.
- controller 25 closes valve 16, whereby no brine is reaching the solar collector. Only the outdoor unit is supplied with brine, which unit is then the sole supplier of thermal energy to the evaporator 5 of heat pump 21. During night time the large area of the collector would cause an unduly high reduction of the thermal energy in the tank, because of a low brine temperature.
- By closing pipe 17 with valve 16 it is achieved, that the brine does not transfer cold into the tank 11 from collector 19.
- outdoor unit 14 does not deliver the heated brine to the coil 10 in the tank 11 , but instead directly feeds the evaporator 5 via the heat exchanger section 15C.
- valve 16 has closed the connection to pipe 17, the brine of the outdoor unit circulates in a semi closed circuit through pipes 15a, pump 8, heat exchanger section 15c, valve 16 and pipe 15b.
- the brine temperature is low, it will not cool the water in the tank 11 down, because the brine from the onset is not allowed to enter the tank.
- the outdoor unit in the inventive system will be able to work in the range of low ambient temperatures without reducing the efficiency of the heat pump system.
- the outdoor unit 14 tends to get frosted, and can in this system be defrosted by applying heated brine from coil 10 via pipe 15B to the outdoor unit.
- Pump 8 will circulate the brine, and valve 16 is splitting the flow of brine into two, namely via pipe 17 and pipe 15B.
- the split can be any value between 0- 100%, but is typically selected to 50%-50%.
- Defrosting is commenced if the difference between the ambient temperature T amb and the return temperature from the outdoor unit, measured by controller 25 at measuring spot 23, becomes too large.
- the typical duration of a defrost cycle depends on the time of the year, but can take a couple of minutes. If the ambient temperature is around 0 °C, defrosting will be made once every hour.
- FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention with 3-way valve 26 making a bypass with pipe 27 to pipe 18. In this way collector 19 can be bypassed, and a loss of energy in the tank due to the entry of cold brine is avoided.
- the inventive heat pump system makes use of a function which in the following is called a reloading function. Basically speaking, it creates room for the transfer of extra thermal energy from the solar collector by moving hot water from the bottom of the tank to a higher level in the tank. The thermal energy level of the bottom water is raised to a higher energy level by means of the condenser of the heat pump. More specifically, on a sunny day, the temperature of the brine in collector 19 will be high, and the amount of thermal energy supplied to coil 10 via pipe 18 will be high. After a period of some hours, the heat absorption capacity of the water in the tank 11 will be reduced, because the temperature difference between the brine temperature T3 and the water temperature T4 is small.
- the brine temperature will be 20 °C and the water temperature in the bottom of the tank will be 25 0 C.
- the hot bottom water is moved away from the bottom by means of pipe inlet/outlet 30, pipe section 46, valve 33, condenser 3, pump 35, pipe section 42, valve 34 and inlet/outlet 31.
- Controller 25 starts the compressor 2 and opens valve 33 in the direction from pipe section 46 to heat exchanger section 47 and starts pump 35 while closing valve 38.
- the water from the tank absorbs thermal energy from heat pump condenser 3 and is via solenoid valve 34 and inlet/outlet pipe 31 fed to the middle of the tank 11.
- valve 36 can be opened to allow the water to enter the tank via pipe 43, auxiliary condenser 4, pipe 45 and inlet/outlet 32. In this way, the bottom water is distributed also to the top level of the tank.
- the heat transfer medium of the heat pump 21 is in pipe section 6C lowered in temperature due to the condenser interaction and the medium is expanded by controllable expansion valve 7, whereby the medium reaches a low temperature.
- Evaporator 5 extracts heat from the brine in the heat exchanger section 15C, which brine is then fed via valve 16 to the collector.
- the solar collector 19 benefits from a brine which has a low temperature and thus an enlarged heat absorption capability.
- the reloading function just described thus gives two specific advantages, namely raising the mean temperature of the water in the tank and additionally enabling the collector to absorb more energy from the sun. In total, the COP is raised by 30% compared to a heat pump system without a reloading function.
- Figure 6 shows a comparative graph of a system with the reloading function and a system without.
- Curve B is achieved with a system corresponding to the prior art of Figure 1.
- the water in the tank becomes "saturated", i.e. it is not possible to put more energy from a solar collector into the tank.
- the value "1" on the Y-axis is a normative value and equals what a conventional system would be able to absorb.
- Curve A shows the rise in energy content of the water in a system using the reloading function
- curve C depicts the course over time of the energy content in the bottom part of the tank.
- the brine temperature may reach a level, which is detrimental to the solar panel.
- the temperature will not reach a level, e.g. boiling level, that will destroy the collector.
- Control 25 measures this temperature at measuring spot 22, and modulates the valve 16 accordingly.
- the outdoor unit 14 will deliver less thermal energy than the solar collector 19. Therefore, on such a day the outdoor unit will as a rule not be part of the brine circuit (valve 16 being closed to pipe 15B), because the solar collector alone can supply more energy than the outdoor unit and the collector in combination.
- FIG 4 shows a third embodiment of the inventive heat pump system.
- Pipes 18 and 15a are connected to 3-way valve 20 via pipe 24.
- the idea behind this embodiment is, that a low temperature brine flowing from the collector 19 can be directed to the evaporator 5 instead of entering tank 11 and lowering the temperature. Thus, even at small temperatures of brine from the collector, this can add energy to the system instead of fully closing valve 16 to pipe 17.
- this embodiment when defrosting the outdoor unit 14, it is not necessary to split the flow of brine as in the embodiment of Figure 2 or Figure 3.
- FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- tank 65 of Figure 5 comprises five coils 60, 61 , 62, 63 and 64 distributed across the height of the tank.
- the tank is split into three compartments by circular separating plates 71 and 72.
- the separating plate 71 contains two hollow pipes 73 and 77 used for circulation of water between the compartments.
- the basic idea by dividing the tank into compartments by using separating plates is to prevent the flow or circulation of hot water from the top of the tank to the bottom or the compartment below, and to allow the circulation to a higher place in the tank if the water in the bottom or the compartment beneath is warm. If the water above a plate is warm, there will be little tendency to flow.
- valve 26 bypasses the brine instead of allowing it to pass through the solar collector, whereby the brine will give off its heat to the dark night and return cold to the coil 60. Thus, the bypass prevents energy loss.
- Figure 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention.
- the system of Figure 5 is slightly amended by moving the valve 26 from Figure 5 to the position taken by valve 80 of Figure 6.
- valve 80 of Figure 6 By placing the 3-way valve in connection with the input to the pump 8 and in connection with the input to coil 60, there is no need for splitting the brine flow to solar collector 19 during defrost.
- Solar collector mode where the energy supplied to the tank 11 stems from the collector 19 only.
- the temperature in the pipe 17 to the collector will be 75 0 C, and the temperature of the brine leaving the collector will be 80 "C.
- the water in the top of the tank will have a temperature of 65°C. In the autumn the corresponding temperatures will be 4O 0 C, 45 0 C and 55°C.
- Solar collector and Heat pump mode where the temperature of the tank 11 is controlled with the heat pump 21 and the energy contribution from the collector 19. This mode is typically used if there is not enough sun.
- the compressor 2 of the heat pump will be started together with the reloading function described above, and the energy created by the compressor is fed into the top of the tank via inlet/outlet 32 and 31.
- Producing hot tap water mode where only the heat pump 21 is operating, and where tank water is raised in temperature by letting pump 35 draw water from inlet/outlet 31 through heat exchanger section 47 and pipe 43, and further through valve 36 to reservoir 11 via inlet/outlet 32 (with or without additional condenser 4 in the pipe).
- Stored energy mode where the house 50 is heated with the energy present in the tank 11. Heating is done via inlet/outlet 31 , pump 35, pump 37 and inlet/outlet 30.
- the heat pump 21 is idle, as may outdoor unit 14 and collector 19 be.
- the content of the tank is circulated between house and tank.
- House heating mode where the house 50 is heated by means of the heat pump 21. If the temperature of the tank 11 gets too low compared to the demand from the house, the compressor 2 of the heat pump is started.
- Typical temperature figures in the autumn at ambient temperature of 0 0 C are the following (heat pump active and reloading function active): temperature of water fed to house 50 is approx. 50°C, return temperature 40°C.
- the temperature of water being reloaded to tank (e.g. via valve 36 and inlet/outlet 32 in Figure 2) is approx. 95 0 C, and the water temperature in top of tank is 55°C.
- FIG. 8 shows a solar assisted heat pump system 140 with solar collector 106 feeding brine through shut-off valve 133, pipe 116, filter drier 127, valve 108 and feeding evaporator 109.
- Evaporator 109, expansion valve 111 , compressor 110 and condenser 112 is the heat pump of the system 140.
- the input of outdoor unit 113 is connected via 3-way valve 118 to the inlet pipe of the solar collector, and the output of the unit likewise.
- a water storage tank 100 receives heated water from the heat pump station 141.
- the system further comprises: 101 a heat exchanger 102 a circulation pump
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un système de pompe à chaleur solaire comprenant une pompe à chaleur pourvue d'un évaporateur, d'un condensateur, d'un détendeur et d'un compresseur. La pompe à chaleur comprend également un premier circuit de transfert de chaleur et le système de pompe à chaleur comprend un deuxième circuit de transfert de chaleur pourvu d'un capteur solaire et un troisième circuit de transfert de chaleur pourvu d'une source de chaleur extérieure supplémentaire, les deuxième et troisième circuits de transfert de chaleur partageant une partie de tuyau commune reliée à un réservoir d'eau. L'évaporateur (5) de la pompe à chaleur (21) est disposé à l'extérieur du réservoir (11) en contact d'échange de chaleur avec la partie tuyau commune (15C) des deuxième et troisième circuits de transfert de chaleur, le troisième circuit de transfert de chaleur pouvant être configuré pour fonctionner en circuit fermé.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DKPA200700605 | 2007-04-24 | ||
DKPA200700605 | 2007-04-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2008130306A1 true WO2008130306A1 (fr) | 2008-10-30 |
Family
ID=39875732
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2008/000280 WO2008130306A1 (fr) | 2007-04-24 | 2008-04-21 | Systeme de pompe a chaleur solaire |
Country Status (1)
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WO (1) | WO2008130306A1 (fr) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010102640A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-16 | Sol Energy Hellas S.A. | Systèmes hybrides d'énergie thermique et applications de ceux-ci |
ITTO20090873A1 (it) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-14 | Cosmogas Srl | Apparecchio di riscaldamento, raffreddamento e produzione di acqua calda sanitaria |
EP2397778A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-12-21 | Atlantic Climatisation et Ventilation | Installation thermique |
ITMI20111853A1 (it) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-13 | Sunwood S R L | Centrale termica compatta multienergia per riscaldamento di ambienti e produzione di acqua calda sanitaria. |
CN103175275A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-06-26 | 山西明浩锦达新能源有限公司 | 跨季储能池 |
WO2013093246A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Amzair Industrie | Procédé de gestion d'un système de pompe à chaleur, système de pompe à chaleur, et installation de chauffage comprenant un tel système |
ITMO20120138A1 (it) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-11-29 | Ca Pi S S R L | Metodo di intervento per incrementare l'efficienza di un impianto di riscaldamento. |
ITMO20120137A1 (it) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-11-29 | Ca Pi S S R L | Impianto per la produzione di acqua calda. |
EP2333430A3 (fr) * | 2009-11-30 | 2014-01-15 | Vaillant GmbH | Pompe à chaleur |
WO2014044864A1 (fr) | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-27 | Electricite De France | Installation de chauffe-eau sanitaire à fonction de chauffage |
EP2503251A3 (fr) * | 2011-03-21 | 2014-06-11 | Robert Egg | Dispositif d'échangeur de chaleur-accumulateur |
US20140311707A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | Cliff WIEBE | Method and apparatus for enhancing heat transfer in a fluid container |
EP2532979A3 (fr) * | 2011-06-10 | 2016-07-13 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Pompe à chaleur et procédé de commande associé |
CN106595067A (zh) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-04-26 | 太原理工大学 | 基于超导热管技术的微通道太阳能供热系统 |
JP2019078185A (ja) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-05-23 | 松尾 栄人 | 蓄熱型太陽熱発電システム |
CN111442440A (zh) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-24 | 银川艾尼工业科技开发股份有限公司 | 一种多能耦合供热、制冷集成系统 |
EP3862712A1 (fr) * | 2020-02-06 | 2021-08-11 | Wolfgang Jaske und Dr. Peter Wolf GbR | Procédé et dispositif de fourniture et d'accumulation d'un caloporteur comportant au moins trois niveaux de température pour un réseau de chauffage urbain |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010102640A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-16 | Sol Energy Hellas S.A. | Systèmes hybrides d'énergie thermique et applications de ceux-ci |
ITTO20090873A1 (it) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-14 | Cosmogas Srl | Apparecchio di riscaldamento, raffreddamento e produzione di acqua calda sanitaria |
WO2011058518A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Cosmogas S.R.L. | Appareil de chauffage, de refroidissement et de production d'eau chaude domestique |
EP2397778A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-12-21 | Atlantic Climatisation et Ventilation | Installation thermique |
EP2333430A3 (fr) * | 2009-11-30 | 2014-01-15 | Vaillant GmbH | Pompe à chaleur |
EP2503251A3 (fr) * | 2011-03-21 | 2014-06-11 | Robert Egg | Dispositif d'échangeur de chaleur-accumulateur |
EP2532979A3 (fr) * | 2011-06-10 | 2016-07-13 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Pompe à chaleur et procédé de commande associé |
ITMI20111853A1 (it) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-13 | Sunwood S R L | Centrale termica compatta multienergia per riscaldamento di ambienti e produzione di acqua calda sanitaria. |
WO2013093246A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Amzair Industrie | Procédé de gestion d'un système de pompe à chaleur, système de pompe à chaleur, et installation de chauffage comprenant un tel système |
FR2984999A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-28 | Amzair | Procede de gestion d'un systeme de pompe a chaleur, systeme de pompe a chaleur, et installation de chauffage comprenant un tel systeme |
ITMO20120138A1 (it) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-11-29 | Ca Pi S S R L | Metodo di intervento per incrementare l'efficienza di un impianto di riscaldamento. |
ITMO20120137A1 (it) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-11-29 | Ca Pi S S R L | Impianto per la produzione di acqua calda. |
WO2014044864A1 (fr) | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-27 | Electricite De France | Installation de chauffe-eau sanitaire à fonction de chauffage |
CN103175275A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-06-26 | 山西明浩锦达新能源有限公司 | 跨季储能池 |
CN103175275B (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-10-21 | 山西明浩锦达新能源有限公司 | 跨季储能池 |
US20140311707A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | Cliff WIEBE | Method and apparatus for enhancing heat transfer in a fluid container |
CN106595067A (zh) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-04-26 | 太原理工大学 | 基于超导热管技术的微通道太阳能供热系统 |
JP2019078185A (ja) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-05-23 | 松尾 栄人 | 蓄熱型太陽熱発電システム |
EP3862712A1 (fr) * | 2020-02-06 | 2021-08-11 | Wolfgang Jaske und Dr. Peter Wolf GbR | Procédé et dispositif de fourniture et d'accumulation d'un caloporteur comportant au moins trois niveaux de température pour un réseau de chauffage urbain |
CN111442440A (zh) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-24 | 银川艾尼工业科技开发股份有限公司 | 一种多能耦合供热、制冷集成系统 |
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