WO2008104189A1 - Installation de traitement comprenant un capteur destiné à détecter une grandeur de mesure d'un gaz de traitement - Google Patents

Installation de traitement comprenant un capteur destiné à détecter une grandeur de mesure d'un gaz de traitement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008104189A1
WO2008104189A1 PCT/EP2007/001661 EP2007001661W WO2008104189A1 WO 2008104189 A1 WO2008104189 A1 WO 2008104189A1 EP 2007001661 W EP2007001661 W EP 2007001661W WO 2008104189 A1 WO2008104189 A1 WO 2008104189A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
process gas
sensor
connection channel
hydrophilic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/001661
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Buchauer
Wolfgang Maurer
Klaus Scherrbacher
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Ford Global Technologies, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag, Ford Global Technologies, Llc filed Critical Daimler Ag
Priority to PCT/EP2007/001661 priority Critical patent/WO2008104189A1/fr
Publication of WO2008104189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008104189A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
    • G01L19/06—Means for preventing overload or deleterious influence of the measured medium on the measuring device or vice versa
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D11/24—Housings ; Casings for instruments
    • G01D11/245—Housings for sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
    • G01L19/06—Means for preventing overload or deleterious influence of the measured medium on the measuring device or vice versa
    • G01L19/0627—Protection against aggressive medium in general
    • G01L19/0654—Protection against aggressive medium in general against moisture or humidity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • Process gas system with a sensor for detecting a measured variable of a process gas
  • the invention relates to a process gas system, preferably designed as a gas supply arrangement of a fuel cell device, with a sensor for detecting a measured variable of a process gas, wherein the sensor comprises a sensor housing which has a gas connection channel with a gas-side opening for supplying the process gas to a Meß bachelornaufgard.
  • Such sensors are measuring instruments which measure a measurable physical quantity of a gaseous medium, such as e.g. the pressure of a gas or a gas mixture (pressure sensor) or a specific gas concentration of a gas in a gas mixture (gas sensor), with a suitable gaseous medium, such as e.g. the pressure of a gas or a gas mixture (pressure sensor) or a specific gas concentration of a gas in a gas mixture (gas sensor), with a suitable
  • Measuring sensors and measured variable transducers are often protected in a sensor housing integrated, which has a one-sided open gas connection channel for supplying the gas to the Meßdorfnaufionat.
  • the gas connection channel terminates at its closed end with the integrated Meßdorfnaufionat, which is separated for example in the design as a pressure sensor by a membrane or a plate from the sample gas to the sensitive micromechanical measuring device and the surrounding electronics to protect against external influences.
  • various physical effects can be used, after which a distinction is made between essentially piezoresistive, piezoelectric and capacitive pressure sensors.
  • the measuring sensor forms a contact surface to the measurement gas, which is usually formed from a semiconductor material, such as, for example, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide or from organic semiconductor material, such as MePTCDI.
  • the semiconductor material changes its electrical conductivity as soon as a certain gas acts on it. Depending on the selectivity to specific gases different semiconductor materials are used.
  • the output signals generated by the measured variable converter of the sensor are available in corresponding evaluation units for the control, regulation or monitoring of a technical functional unit, which are directly related to the measuring gas.
  • sensors are often used in gas supply arrangements of fuel cell systems in order to detect a system pressure or a gas concentration as measured variables of the process gas.
  • a pressure sensor with a pressure sensor housing for side impact detection in side doors of a vehicle which detects the air pressure in an interior of the side door for side impact detection and thus absorbs measured variables of the ambient air.
  • this pressure sensor must work in an environmental atmosphere in which dirt, moisture, salt water and other more or less aggressive media may be present, parts of the pressure sensor housing, including the pressure inlet channel, provided with a water-repellent layer. This ensures that any moisture released from the environmental atmosphere, which is on the Pressure sensor housing condenses, due to the water-repellent layer from the pressure sensor housing rolls off. Likewise, contaminants will adhere less and will dissipate with the beading droplets.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a process gas system with a sensor for detecting a measured variable of a process gas, which ensures reliable operation.
  • the process gas system according to the invention is suitable and / or designed to lead a process gas to a processing location and / or dissipate it from a processor, wherein the supplied or discharged process gas participates in the process location in a process engineering process and in particular at least partially implemented and / or consumed becomes.
  • the conversion or consumption preferably takes place in a combustion process or in an electrochemical process.
  • the process gas system is designed to operate in operation with a normal pressure (1013 mbar) different pressure, which in particular as overpressure or Vacuum with at least 100 mbar, 200 mbar or 400 mbar difference to the normal pressure is formed.
  • a sensor with a gas connection channel is provided, which is in open communication with the process gas-carrying components of the process gas system and forms a supply line of the process gas to a sensor arranged in the Meßdorfnaufford.
  • the sensor is designed to detect measured variables of the process gas, which participates in the process engineering process, and is preferably designed as a pressure sensor, gas sensor, moisture sensor or gas concentration sensor. In alternative embodiments, this may also be implemented as a temperature sensor, flow sensor, mass flow sensor, conductivity sensor or the like.
  • the gas connection channel and / or the measured variable sensor of the sensor have / has a surface which is provided with a hydrophilic and / or a hydrophobic layer.
  • the layer is formed as an additional applied coating and is in particular not formed by the base material of the gas connection channel and / or the Meß bodinauf disturbings.
  • the respective coating influences the formation of droplets on condensing the moisture out of the process gas in such a way that no accumulations of liquid and dirt deposits in a shape and size that lead to the blockage of the gas connection channel or the freezing of the moisture to damage the sensor. Accordingly, the inner wall surface of the gas connection channel and, if appropriate, the surface of the measured variable receiver are also treated according to the inventive specification, depending on the application characteristics of the sensor.
  • a hydrophobic, water-repellent layer has a high surface energy, so that the surface of the layer in relation to the surface tension of the condensing water, a contact angle of more than 90 °, preferably more than 130 °, in particular more than 160 ° generated.
  • the angle of contact is the angle formed by the surface of an adherent liquid drop with respect to the adhesive surface.
  • a contact angle of more than 90 ° means that the condensing water on the hydrophobic layer assumes a spherical shape, which easily bubbles off from this surface.
  • a suitable hydrophobic layer is achieved, for example, by a coating with a perfluorinated polymer, such as polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE (also known as Teflon).
  • the inner surface of the gas connection channel is provided with this hydrophobic layer, moisture from the process gas that enters or condenses in the gas connection channel can bead off early and out of the process gas entrain precipitating dirt particles, whereby a functionally impairing cross-sectional constriction or icing of the gas connection channel is avoided.
  • This process is often referred to as "lotus effect" on technical surfaces, in which case the beading of the droplets is assisted by a favorable installation position of the sensor, preferably with a vertically downwardly directed gas connection channel.
  • hydrophilic, water-accepting coating an advantageous effect in terms of reliable functional reliability of the sensor can be achieved.
  • a contact angle with respect to water of less than 90 °, preferably less than 70 °, in particular less than 50 ° forms at low surface energy. Drops on the surface thus form a flat-domed cap or run at a contact angle against 0 ° almost flat on the surface.
  • Hydrophilic properties include, for example, compounds with water-soluble salts, but also certain metallic layers.
  • This hydrophilic coating causes a reduction of the water droplet size up to a uniform distribution of the condensing water in a thin film of water on the surface of the thus treated gas connection channel or Meßdorfnaufêts.
  • the layer thickness that forms the water is so small that even with a considerable amount of condensate, the cross-section of the gas connection channel is narrowed only insignificantly and when freezing of the extremely thin layer no such tension forces occur that can cause damage to the sensor.
  • a hydrophilic coated draws Surface of the resulting moisture from the process gas, so that in a differentiated coating, for example, only the inner surface of the gas connection channel, the moisture is deflected by the particularly sensitive surface of the Meß Anlagennaufêts. The effect of differentiated moisture absorption increases when a partial hydrophilic coating is combined in direct proximity with a partial hydrophobic coating, for example in a hydrophobic coating of the surface of the hydrophilic coating
  • the process gas system according to the invention designed with the sensor has a lower susceptibility to the resulting condensate and contaminants of the process gas and is suitable for use under freezing conditions, which is also referred to as freezing ability.
  • a preferred application relates to the use of the process gas system as a gas supply system in a fuel cell device.
  • the sensors under the conditions of the dynamic process parameters and the associated variable gas properties and composition particularly high demands placed on an accurate and reliable mode of action.
  • a plurality of fuel cells are combined as a fuel cell stack to the required electrical power, for example, to drive a vehicle to provide.
  • PEMFC preferably used fuel cells
  • an anode space and a cathode space of the fuel cells are separated from each other by a proton-conducting polymer membrane.
  • ambient air as a carrier of the oxygen content necessary for the process, is usually conveyed via a supply line to the fuel cell stack.
  • the only partially consumed air optionally in a closed recirculation circuit with the addition of fresh air again supplied to the cathode side or discharged via an exhaust pipe to the environment, which can be contained in the recirculation circuit, as well as in the exhaust line, the water formed .
  • an anode gas containing the fuel gas, promoted wherein the fuel gas is also not completely consumed in the passage through the anode compartment and optionally conveyed in a closed recirculation, with unused fuel gas is admixed.
  • the pressure or the gas concentration or the water concentration of the process gas in the anode and cathode-side gas supply arrangement of the fuel cell device, in particular during the supply and / or discharge of the process gas is detected by means of at least one of the sensors, which to the line components of the gas supply arrangement be connected gas-tight, for example by means of a threaded flange with integrated gas connection channel, so that a gas-side connection between the process gas line and the gas connection channel of the sensor is realized.
  • the pressure measured value is supplied as a measurement signal to a control unit in order to regulate the pressure in the fuel cells or the cathode and / or anode-side gas volume flow in adaptation to the electrical power requirement of the fuel cell device.
  • a sufficient humidification of the polymer membrane also a certain relative humidity of the process gases in the fuel cell stack is required, which requires a corresponding gas supply management, controllable via the gas pressure or the gas concentration of the process gases.
  • Deposits of water droplets and entrained dirt particles endanger the functionality of the known sensors, since the deposits easily get into the gas connection channel of the sensor and narrow or even clog the channel cross-section.
  • the gas supply channel can also freeze, resulting in a temporary impairment of the measuring capability (measured value error or measured value failure) and irreversible damage to components of the sensor. This source of error is excluded or at least reduced by the inner coating of the sensor on the surfaces leading the process gas.
  • the gas connection channel has a guide element.
  • the guide element causes the surfaces additionally created an advantageous increase in surface area of the gas connection channel at approximately constant cross-section of the gas connection channel and thus serves to further absorption and distribution of the resulting condensate and any dirt particles in the manner of a moisture or mud trap. If the guide element is additionally provided with a hydrophilic or a hydrophobic layer, a further possibility results in the gas connection channel of the combination of differentiated layers on the one hand for the gas connection channel and on the other hand for the guide element with the aforementioned advantages.
  • the advantageous effect of the guide element is increased by the fact that a free end of the guide element projects beyond the gas-side opening of the gas connection channel.
  • Vertically draining droplets which adhere to the surface of the guide element at the free end of the guide element due to the existing adhesion forces, do not cause a reduction in the cross section of the gas connection channel at this point.
  • the hydrophobic layer is formed from nanostructured fluoropolymers.
  • the water-repellent fluorinated polymers are additionally hardened with tiny ones
  • the process gas system embodied according to the invention is not only excellently suitable for use in a gas supply arrangement of a fuel cell device in which moist process gases such as hydrogen gas or air-water vapor mixture are operated, but is also potentially suitable for use in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine because of the described advantages the heavily polluted process gases, such as Diesel exhaust, happen.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sensor as a pressure sensor with a
  • Fig. 2 shows a sensor in the same view as in Figure 1 with an additional guide element, also for a process gas plant according to the invention.
  • a pressure sensor 1 is shown in each case, as it can be used in a gas supply arrangement in a fuel cell device for measuring the gas pressure of fuel-containing anode gas or air-containing cathode gas, as the process gases of the electrochemical fuel cell process.
  • a sensor housing 2 the sensitive mechanical and electronic components of a non-visible pressure transducer and transducer are integrated.
  • the sensor housing 2 has a port 3 for connecting the sensor housing 2 to a gas line carrying process gas, e.g. an exhaust duct, or to a process gas tank, e.g. a compressed air tank, on, said connection possibilities are not shown.
  • a gas line carrying process gas e.g. an exhaust duct
  • a process gas tank e.g. a compressed air tank
  • a gas-side opening 7 of the gas connection channel 6 creates the connection, via which the process gas can act on the integrated pressure sensor, which closes off the gas connection channel 6 in the interior of the sensor housing 2.
  • the surface of the gas connection channel 6 - according to the exemplary embodiment the inner cylinder jacket surface of the hollow-cylindrical gas connection channel 6 -is provided with a hydrophilic layer 8.
  • the surface may also be provided with a hydrophobic layer 9, preferably of nanostructured fluoropolymers with lotus effect.
  • the hydrophilic coating 8 causes a uniform distribution of the water on the surface of the
  • an axially directed guide element 10 is integrated in the gas connection channel 6, which projects beyond the gas-side opening 7 of the gas connection channel 6 with its free end 11.
  • the two-sided surfaces of the guide element 10 are provided, for example, with the hydrophobic layer 9.
  • the inner cylinder jacket surface of the gas connection channel 6 is provided with the hydrophilic layer 8.
  • the condensing water is particularly attracted to this layer 8 and forms a thin on her Water film. Condensing water on the hydrophobic layer 9 of the vertically oriented surfaces of the guide element 10, however, rolls off as spherical droplets on this and thereby entrains the collected from the guide element 10 dirt particles. If the droplets adhere to the free end 11 of the guide element 10 because of the existing minimum adhesion forces, they do not form any disturbing cross-sectional constriction of the gas connection channel 6.
  • the inner cylindrical surface of the gas connection channel 6 with the hydrophobic layer 9 and the guide element 10 may be coated with a hydrophilic layer 8 in order to ensure an advantageous condensate drainage.

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet la mise à disposition d'une installation de traitement comprenant un capteur destiné à détecter une grandeur de mesure d'un gaz de traitement qui garantit un fonctionnement fiable. A cet effet, l'invention concerne une installation de traitement se présentant de préférence sous la forme d'un dispositif d'alimentation en gaz d'un dispositif de piles à combustibles, comprenant un capteur (1) destiné à détecter une grandeur de mesure d'un gaz de traitement, le capteur comprenant un boîtier qui présente un canal de raccord à gaz (6) doté d'une ouverture (7) côté gaz et permettant l'amenée de gaz de traitement à un capteur de grandeur de mesure, le canal de raccord à gaz (6) et/ou le capteur de grandeur de mesure présentant une surface qui est dotée d'une couche hydrophile (8) et/ou d'une couche hydrophobe (9).
PCT/EP2007/001661 2007-02-27 2007-02-27 Installation de traitement comprenant un capteur destiné à détecter une grandeur de mesure d'un gaz de traitement WO2008104189A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/001661 WO2008104189A1 (fr) 2007-02-27 2007-02-27 Installation de traitement comprenant un capteur destiné à détecter une grandeur de mesure d'un gaz de traitement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/001661 WO2008104189A1 (fr) 2007-02-27 2007-02-27 Installation de traitement comprenant un capteur destiné à détecter une grandeur de mesure d'un gaz de traitement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008104189A1 true WO2008104189A1 (fr) 2008-09-04

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PCT/EP2007/001661 WO2008104189A1 (fr) 2007-02-27 2007-02-27 Installation de traitement comprenant un capteur destiné à détecter une grandeur de mesure d'un gaz de traitement

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WO (1) WO2008104189A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010003709A1 (de) * 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Relativdrucksensor
DE202014007298U1 (de) * 2014-09-12 2015-12-16 Vacuubrand Gmbh + Co Kg Gasdruckmessvorichtung
DE102012000051B4 (de) * 2011-01-10 2016-08-04 GM Global Technology Operations, LLC (n.d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) Drucksensor zur Verwendung in Brennstoffzellensystemen

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4440014A (en) * 1981-09-16 1984-04-03 Nippon Soken, Inc. Knocking detection device
DE19621997C1 (de) * 1996-05-31 1997-07-31 Siemens Ag Elektrochemischer Sensor
US20050022594A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2005-02-03 Aravind Padmanabhan Flow sensor with self-aligned flow channel
DE10340690A1 (de) * 2003-09-04 2005-04-14 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Drucksonde
US20060108222A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-05-25 Denso Corporation Gas sensor with protective cover having higher water wettability

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4440014A (en) * 1981-09-16 1984-04-03 Nippon Soken, Inc. Knocking detection device
DE19621997C1 (de) * 1996-05-31 1997-07-31 Siemens Ag Elektrochemischer Sensor
US20050022594A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2005-02-03 Aravind Padmanabhan Flow sensor with self-aligned flow channel
DE10340690A1 (de) * 2003-09-04 2005-04-14 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Drucksonde
US20060108222A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-05-25 Denso Corporation Gas sensor with protective cover having higher water wettability

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010003709A1 (de) * 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Relativdrucksensor
DE102012000051B4 (de) * 2011-01-10 2016-08-04 GM Global Technology Operations, LLC (n.d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) Drucksensor zur Verwendung in Brennstoffzellensystemen
DE202014007298U1 (de) * 2014-09-12 2015-12-16 Vacuubrand Gmbh + Co Kg Gasdruckmessvorichtung
EP2995922A1 (fr) 2014-09-12 2016-03-16 Vacuubrand Gmbh + Co Kg Dispositif de mesure de pression de gaz

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