WO2008100238A1 - Appareil de fabrication de fer ou d'acier à partir de matériaux à base d'oxydes de fer - Google Patents

Appareil de fabrication de fer ou d'acier à partir de matériaux à base d'oxydes de fer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008100238A1
WO2008100238A1 PCT/UA2007/000017 UA2007000017W WO2008100238A1 WO 2008100238 A1 WO2008100238 A1 WO 2008100238A1 UA 2007000017 W UA2007000017 W UA 2007000017W WO 2008100238 A1 WO2008100238 A1 WO 2008100238A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
furnace
heater
channel
reactor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/UA2007/000017
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa
Vadim Vladislavovich Novinskij
Original Assignee
Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa filed Critical Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa
Publication of WO2008100238A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008100238A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
    • C21B13/125—By using plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B19/00—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group
    • F27B19/02—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group combined in one structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D13/00—Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2100/00—Exhaust gas
    • C21C2100/06—Energy from waste gas used in other processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

Definitions

  • a device for producing iron or steel from iron oxide materials The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, and in particular to installations for producing iron or steel by direct reduction.
  • a device for producing iron and / or its alloys from iron oxide materials comprising a melting furnace equipped with means for supplying carbon-containing fuel and oxygen-containing gas directly into the liquid phase and into the space above it for afterburning the gas resulting from melting, an outlet with a discharge pipe exhaust gas, means for introducing iron oxide material into the afterburned exhaust gas for partial reduction of the material and gas cooling, installed and therein means for separating partially reduced material from gas and means for supplying partially reduced material to the smelter, according to the invention, the exhaust gas pipe is installed vertically and connected to means for loading iron oxide material in its lower part and to means for separation located in the upper part channel.
  • the device provides means for accelerating the flow of exhaust gas, located in front of the device for introducing iron oxide material (Chinan Patent N ° 2077595, CL 21B 13/14, application. 20.12.1989, publ. 20.04.1997).
  • the closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for the production of iron-carbon alloy, containing a reactor for preliminary reduction of iron oxide material and a reactor connected to it for producing iron-carbon alloy, including an input unit for pre-reduced material, nodes for the release of iron-carbon alloy and slag, means for injection of oxygen into the melt and removal of gaseous reaction products according to the invention, a reactor for producing elezouglerodistogo alloy made closed to restrict the intake of atmospheric gases therein and removing gaseous reaction products and is provided with additional means of blowing oxygen into the space above the molten bath, the device is equipped with a pre-reduced carbide-containing material heater connected to the reactor for producing an iron-carbon alloy by means for removing gaseous reaction products (Russian Patent M> 2060281, CL 21B 13/14, application 03.10.91, publ. Bulletin _Nal4, 1996).
  • the basis of the invention is the task of improving the device for producing iron or steel from iron oxide materials by modifying the design of the melting furnace, reactor and heater, which will ensure both a high yield of the product and high energy efficiency with low capital costs.
  • the melting furnace and the recovery reactor are combined with a lined casing and separated by a masonry wall, in the upper part of which there is a horizontal channel for removal from the furnace of gaseous reaction products into the arched part of the recovery reactor, in the lower part of which there is a gas outlet channel connected by a gas line to the mixing chamber, which is connected through gas ducts to the internal cavity of the source material heater, made in the form of a sealed casing with an internal lining and vertical chambers placed in it , the side walls of which form an opening for the passage of gas with the upper cover of the heater, while gas is installed at the exit of the flues in the opening of the heater s torch and the bottom of each chamber, with one side located discharging node material
  • the melting furnace is equipped with indirect plasmatrons, two of which are located in the lid parallel to the longitudinal axis of the furnace, and in the lower part of the furnace plasmatrons are located on opposite walls symmetrically at an angle to the hearth, while nozzles for supplying oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are located in the side walls of the furnace in the plane of the plasmatron installation.
  • pipes are connected to the pipelines for supplying steam, air and methane, and the mixing chamber is additionally equipped with pipelines for supplying air and methane, while in the channel for the removal of gaseous reaction products from the furnace and in the gas pipeline gas analyzers are installed in the mixing chamber, and the exhaust gas channels from each chamber of the source material heater are equipped with gates, and the vertical chambers of the source material heater are separated Lena between themselves by a partition.
  • the reducing atmosphere in the furnace was created with the help of plasma torches located in the lower part of the side walls of the furnace and oxygen-containing gas transported through nozzles, where the charge is preheated iron-containing pellets and coal loaded into the furnace through a wall-mounted input unit. Gases transported to the metal layer and formed during melting, lead to an intense rise of the molten metal and create an upward movement of spray, droplets and jets of molten metal and slag. To prevent the molten material and solid particles from sticking to the lid and walls of the furnace, two plasma torches are installed vertically in the furnace lid, during operation of which significant quantities of the transferred molten material and solid particles are removed, and additional mixing occurs in the metal and slag layer.
  • Hot carbon dioxide is formed at the outlet of the reduction reactor, the heat of which is used to preheat the source material in the preheater before it is fed to the reduction reactor.
  • the device is equipped with gas analyzers installed in the channel for removing gaseous reaction products from the furnace and in the gas line in front of the mixing chamber, while pipelines for supplying steam, air and methane are additionally installed in the horizontal channel, and thermocouples in the arched part of the recovery reactor , and the mixing chamber is equipped with pipelines for supplying air and methane.
  • the exhaust gas channels of each chamber are equipped with gates, and burners are installed in the upper part of the heater at the outlet of the gas ducts.
  • a device for producing iron or steel from iron oxide materials includes a melting furnace 1 and a reduction reactor 2, united by a lined casing and separated by a masonry wall 3, in the upper part of which a horizontal channel 4 is made for the removal of gaseous reaction products from the melting furnace 1 to the arched part 5 recovery reactor 2.
  • the device is additionally equipped with a heater 6 of the source material containing a lined casing.
  • the melting furnace 1 is equipped with indirect plasmatrons.
  • the plasma torches 7 and 8 are located vertically in the cover 9 of the furnace, and the input unit 10 of the source material is shifted to the side wall of the furnace.
  • plasmatrons 11 and 12 are mounted symmetrically at an angle to the hearth, and nozzles 13 and 14 for supplying oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are located in the plane of installation of the plasmatrons.
  • the heater 6 of the source material is made of vertical chambers 15, separated by, for example, a metal sheet 16.
  • the side walls of the heater and the metal sheet 16 form an opening 18 with a top cover 17 for gas passage.
  • a gas outlet channel 20 is located, while the grate 19 is mounted with the possibility of tilt towards the outlet 21 of the metallization products.
  • the gas outlet channel 20 of the recovery reactor 2 through the gas pipe 22, the mixing chamber 23 and the gas duct 24 is connected to the internal cavity of the heater 6, directly with the opening 18.
  • the mixing chamber 23 is additionally provided with pipelines 25 and 26 for supplying air and methane.
  • gas burners 27 are installed in the opening 18 of the heater 6.
  • At the bottom of each chamber 15 of the heater 6 there is an unloading unit 28 and an exhaust gas channel 29, which is connected through the afterburner 30 to the flue gas outlet 31.
  • the device is equipped with gas analyzers 32 installed in the horizontal channel 4 and in the gas pipe 22 in front of the mixing chamber 23. In the horizontal channel 4, there are also pipes 33, 34 and 35 connected by pipelines for supplying steam, air and methane.
  • the channel 29 of each chamber of the heater 6 is equipped with a gate 36.
  • Thermocouples 37 are placed in the arched part 5 of the recovery reactor.
  • the device operates as follows. Before starting work, the melting furnace 1 and the reduction reactor 2 are heated to a temperature of 800-1000 C. When the set temperature is reached, the coal is first fed into the furnace through separate inlet chutes of the input unit 10, which is coated under the furnace, and then mixed material is loaded: carbon-containing material (coal ) and iron-containing material (pellets) with a ratio in the range of 0.2-0.4 s / or without additional accompanying substances.
  • the material in the shaft of the furnace is formed at an angle of repose, with an opening angle in the direction of the horizontal channel 4 for the removal of the gaseous reaction products from the smelting furnace.
  • a predetermined volume of the starting material is supplied to the reduction reactor 2 with the formation of a cavity in the arched part, limited by the level of the material.
  • the remainder of the carbon-containing material acts as a protective layer that serves as a substrate for molten iron and prevents liquid iron / slag from entering the hearth refractory.
  • a certain amount of carbon-containing material is oxidized by combustion products when oxygen-containing gas is supplied through nozzles 13 and 14 to form carbon monoxide, which is a reducing agent.
  • Plasmatrons 7 and 8 creates a partial barrier to the transported molten material and solid particles, this helps to maintain the temperature inside the furnace, causes active mixing in the metal layer and the slag layer, and as a result, a moderately uniform temperature is established.
  • the device is designed taking into account the levels of the metal layer, the slag layer and taking into account bursts, drops and jets of molten metal and slag that are thrown into the upper space of the furnace. As the charge is lowered in the furnace, it is periodically recharged, and the metal and slag are partially released.
  • the gas analyzer 32 determines the composition of the exhaust gas, and the temperature of the gas entering the arched part 5 of the reactor, determined by thermocouples 37.
  • the operating temperature in the reduction reactor is limited by preventing the starting material from sticking together; the upper temperature limit is 800-850 0 C. Therefore, a decrease in the temperature of the gas supplied to the reduction reactor by cooling is unavoidable.
  • the correction of the composition and temperature of the gas is carried out by supplying to the channel 4 separate pipelines 33, 34, 35 of steam, air and methane. As a result of decomposition of CH 4 - steam, an intensive decrease in the temperature of the gas leaving the smelting furnace occurs, and its reduction ability improves.
  • the chambers 15 of the heater are filled with source material through individual bins.
  • the gas leaving the recovery reactor through the gas outlet channel 20, located under the grate 19, is transported to the source material heater 6 through the mixing chamber 23, which is additionally supplied with air and methane to create a high-temperature coolant when the burners burn 27 gases entering through the duct 24 into the opening 18.
  • the composition of the outgoing gas reduction reactor is controlled by a gas analyzer 32.
  • the level of the source material in the chamber 15 of the heater and the gas feed rate through the gas duct 24 is chosen so that under steady-state process conditions the gas penetrates the free space of the opening 18 and generates a temperature of about 750-800 0 C.
  • the temperature of the source material is controlled by the sliders 36 installed in the channel 29 of the exhaust gas of each chamber.
  • the exhaust gas through the channels 29 of each chamber is sent to the flue gas outlet 31 through the afterburner 30.
  • the heated source material is discharged through the discharge unit 28 located at the bottom of each chamber.
  • the pressure at the gas supply and gas exhaust nodes of the device is set depending on the aerodynamic resistance of the charge layer.
  • This installation design makes it possible to transfer a significant amount of heat of the reducing gas generated in the melting furnace to the direct reduction process, and thus allows it to be used most efficiently.
  • This embodiment of the device allows before melting to intensively heat the charge in the heater by creating a high-temperature coolant during the combustion of gases from the recovery reactor.
  • the design of the kiln eliminates the potentially serious problem of solid sediment and keeps the walls and lid of the kiln clean.
  • the device provides increased productivity while reducing the height and volume of the furnace, its operational introduction into mode, ensuring compact production, high economic efficiency and high environmental safety.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la métallurgie et notamment des appareils pour la fabrication de fer ou d'acier par réduction directe. L'appareil comprend un four de fusion (1), un réacteur de réduction (2), réunis par une gaine à revêtement intérieur et séparés par un muret (3) dans la partie supérieure duquel on a réalisé un canal (4) destiné à évacuer le gaz sortant du four (1) dans la partie de voûte (5) du réacteur (2). Le four (1) est doté de générateurs de plasma à action indirecte dont deux (7, 8) sont disposés dans le couvercle (9) du four, les générateurs de plasma étant disposés dans les parois latérales du four. Le canal d'évacuation de plasma (20) du réacteur (2) est relié par un gazoduc à un réchauffeur (6) de charge, constitué de deux chambres (15) séparées par une paroi (16).
PCT/UA2007/000017 2007-02-12 2007-03-19 Appareil de fabrication de fer ou d'acier à partir de matériaux à base d'oxydes de fer WO2008100238A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAA200701437 2007-02-12
UAA200701437A UA83439C2 (uk) 2007-02-12 2007-02-12 Пристрій для одержання заліза або сталі з залізооксидного матеріалу

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008100238A1 true WO2008100238A1 (fr) 2008-08-21

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/UA2007/000017 WO2008100238A1 (fr) 2007-02-12 2007-03-19 Appareil de fabrication de fer ou d'acier à partir de matériaux à base d'oxydes de fer

Country Status (3)

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RU (1) RU2361927C1 (fr)
UA (1) UA83439C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008100238A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014035276A1 (fr) * 2012-08-28 2014-03-06 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью Промышленная Компания "Технология Металлов" Procédé et dispositif de production de métal à partir de matériaux contenant des oxydes de fer
CN116200566B (zh) * 2023-03-07 2023-12-22 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 一种多级还原供热的蓄热式气基竖炉直接还原工艺

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB923233A (en) * 1958-06-07 1963-04-10 Roman Rummel A process and apparatus for smelting metal oxide-containing dusts or ores in finely divided or particulate form
SU967279A3 (ru) * 1979-04-19 1982-10-15 Клекнер-Хумбольдт-Дойтц Аг (Фирма) Шахта дл термической обработки и плавки материала
RU2060281C1 (ru) * 1991-10-03 1996-05-20 Каргилл, Инкорпорейтед Способ производства железоуглеродистого сплава (его варианты) и устройство для его осуществления
RU2077595C1 (ru) * 1988-12-20 1997-04-20 Си-Ар-Эй Сервисиз Лимитед Способ получения железа и/или его сплавов из железоокисных материалов (его варианты) и устройство для его осуществления

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB923233A (en) * 1958-06-07 1963-04-10 Roman Rummel A process and apparatus for smelting metal oxide-containing dusts or ores in finely divided or particulate form
SU967279A3 (ru) * 1979-04-19 1982-10-15 Клекнер-Хумбольдт-Дойтц Аг (Фирма) Шахта дл термической обработки и плавки материала
RU2077595C1 (ru) * 1988-12-20 1997-04-20 Си-Ар-Эй Сервисиз Лимитед Способ получения железа и/или его сплавов из железоокисных материалов (его варианты) и устройство для его осуществления
RU2060281C1 (ru) * 1991-10-03 1996-05-20 Каргилл, Инкорпорейтед Способ производства железоуглеродистого сплава (его варианты) и устройство для его осуществления

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
UA83439C2 (uk) 2008-07-10
RU2007137946A (ru) 2009-04-20
RU2361927C1 (ru) 2009-07-20

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