WO2008090367A1 - Électrochlorateur - Google Patents

Électrochlorateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008090367A1
WO2008090367A1 PCT/GB2008/000278 GB2008000278W WO2008090367A1 WO 2008090367 A1 WO2008090367 A1 WO 2008090367A1 GB 2008000278 W GB2008000278 W GB 2008000278W WO 2008090367 A1 WO2008090367 A1 WO 2008090367A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
channel
inlet
sub
outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/000278
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Simpson
Andrew Hill
Paul Wilkins
Original Assignee
Atranova Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atranova Limited filed Critical Atranova Limited
Publication of WO2008090367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008090367A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
    • C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4611—Fluid flow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4616—Power supply
    • C02F2201/4617—DC only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4618—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolyte
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for electro-chlorination, as used for example in chlorinating, and thereby sterilising, water used in swimming pools.
  • chlorine dioxide CIO 2
  • NaCI sodium chloride
  • NaCIO 2 sodium chlorite
  • the reaction described in (2) is in equilibrium, with the balance of the equilibrium determined by, amongst other factors, the acidity (pH) of the solution.
  • the balance of the equilibrium of (2) is pushed to the right, favouring the production of chlorine dioxide (CIO 2 ), and was found to be optimised for a pH that is less than 4.
  • an alkaline solution favours the backward reaction, causing chlorine dioxide to revert back to chlorine.
  • Reaction (3) pushes the equilibrium of reaction (2) to the left, favouring the reversion of chlorine dioxide (CIO 2 ) back into chlorine gas (Cl 2 ), further generating sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) via reaction (3) and so on in a feedback loop. It is therefore current standard practice to counter this by adding acid into the system, thereby acting to ensure the equilibrium of reaction (2) remained favourably balanced towards the right to produce the desired chlorine dioxide (CIO 2 ).
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide an alternative electro-chlorinator and electro-chlorination process that alleviates the need to add acid to the system.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for use in an electro-chlorinator, the apparatus comprising: a housing having: i) a first inlet for receiving a chloride solution; ii) a second inlet for receiving a chlorite; iii) a first outlet for outputting chlorine dioxide; and iv) a second outlet for outputting a hydroxide; a flow channel extending between the first inlet and the first outlet; at least one barrier extending across the flow channel and at least partly along the flow path to define first and second sub-channels; one or more cathodes positioned within said first sub-channel and one or more anodes positioned within said second sub-channel for subjecting the chloride solution flowing along said flow channel to electrolysis; wherein said second inlet is positioned downstream of said one or more anodes and is operable to add said chlorite to react with chlorine formed around said one or more anodes to produce chlorine dioxide; wherein said second outlet is positioned downstream of said one or more cathodes and is oper
  • the barrier is porous to hydrogen formed around said one or more cathodes, such that hydrogen can escape from the housing via said first outlet.
  • the barrier prevents (or at least reduces) flow of high pH hydroxide from said first sub-channel to said second sub-channel.
  • Flow restricting screens may be provided both upstream and downstream of the electrolytic cell formed in the housing, in order to restrict the back flow of fluid through the housing and to evenly dissipate the liquids and evolved chlorine gas throughout the chamber.
  • two barriers are provided in the flow channel to define three sub-channels, the outer two of which preferably house cathodes and the inner one of which house the anodes.
  • the electrodes can be formed of any suitable material, but Ebonex is preferably used due to its stability of operation in electrolytic cells.
  • the present invention also provides a method of producing chlorine dioxide comprising: passing a chloride based solution through an electrolytic cell; subjecting the chloride solution to electrolysis; providing a barrier between an anode and a cathode of said electrolytic cell to at least restrict the flow of hydroxide formed around said cathode towards chlorine formed around said anode; adding a chlorite to the chlorine formed around said anode for reacting with the chlorine to form chlorine dioxide; and outputting the formed chlorine dioxide.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates an electro-chlorination process using an electro- chlorinator
  • Figure 2 is a three dimensional part cut away illustrating an electro-chlorinator embodying the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-section of the electro-chlorinator shown in Figure 2.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an electro-chlorination system 1 that generates chlorine dioxide for addition to water to be treated.
  • the system 1 includes an inlet pipe 3 for feeding a solution of sodium chloride (NaCI) through a valve 5 into the electro-chlorinator 7.
  • Sodium chlorite (NaCIO 2 ) is also supplied into the electro-chlorinator 7 via another inlet pipe 9.
  • the electro-chlorinator 7 includes a number of anodes and cathodes that subject the sodium chloride to electrolysis. This produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH), chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ) in accordance with reaction (1) discussed above.
  • the sodium hydroxide and the hydrogen gas are formed at the cathodes and the resulting pH around the cathodes will be high (around 11-12).
  • the chlorine gas is formed at the anodes and the resulting pH will be low (around 2-3).
  • porous barriers are provided between the cathodes and anodes in order to prevent the high pH mixture formed at the cathodes from raising the pH of the mixture around the anodes.
  • the low pH mixture surrounding the anodes is pushed (by the continued addition of sodium chloride via the inlet 3) up into a tank at the top of the electro-chlorinator 7 where the sodium chlorite is added via the inlet pipe 9.
  • the equilibrium balance of reaction (2) is towards the right hand side, resulting in the formation of the desired chlorine dioxide.
  • the final solution containing the desired chlorine dioxide is passed from the tank at the top of the electro-chlorinator 7, via an outlet pipe 11 , to a dosing tank 15. This chlorine dioxide is then added to the water 17 to be treated. Undissolved hydrogen gas is vented separately from undissolved chlorine and chlorine dioxide gases.
  • Figure 2 is a three dimensional part cut away view and Figure 3 is a cross- sectional view of the electro-chlorinator 7 used in this embodiment.
  • the electro-chlorinator 7 comprises a housing 21 , of dimensions approximately 450 mm x 140 mm x 120 mm (height x width x depth) that is affixed, in use, to the ground by a base plate 23.
  • the housing 21 has five main pipe connectors: an inlet 3 located at the side 25 of the housing 21 near the base plate 23, for receiving the solution of sodium chloride (NaCI); an inlet 9 located at the front 26 and near the top 27 of the housing for supplying the sodium chlorite into the tank 29 at the top of the housing 21; an outlet 11 for the final solution obtained from the tank 29 at the top 27 of the housing 21 ; and two drain outlets 31 and 33, located on opposing sides 25 and 35 of the housing 21 for removing the high pH mixture formed at the cathodes.
  • the housing 21 also includes three vents 71 , 72 and 79 at the top 27 of the housing 21. Vents 71 and 72 are for venting hydrogen gas and vent 79 is for venting chlorine and chlorine dioxide gasses.
  • the housing 21 defines a flow path for fluid to pass from the inlet pipe 3 to the outlet pipe 11.
  • the inside of the housing 21 is divided, by two flow screens 41 and 43 made, in this embodiment, of Perspex®, into a lower chamber 45, a middle electrolytic cell 47 and a tank 29.
  • the two flow screens 41 and 43 have a number of 1mm holes to allow the passage of the solution from the lower chamber 45 through the electrolytic cell 47 and into the tank 29, while reducing the possibility of backflow.
  • the top flow screen 43 also enables an even dissipation of the evolved chlorine gas ensuring that, once the sodium chlorite is added, an even distribution of chlorine dioxide results in the tank 29.
  • the electrolytic cell 47 itself is divided into three parts by two 3mm thick porous polyethylene membranes 51 and 53 that extend from the lower flow screen 41 to the top 27 of the housing 21.
  • the electrolytic cell 47 is thus divided into a central "anode chamber" 57, which houses a number of anodes 59, and which is positioned between two "cathode chambers" 61 and 62, each of which houses a cathode 63.
  • the membranes 51 and 53 are perforated with an array of holes of approximately 15 microns in diameter on average and which, while not preventing ions from crossing the membranes, act to restrict liquid flow and therefore substantially prevent mixing between the solutions in the anode chamber 57 and those in the cathode chambers 61 and 62, and between those in the cathode chambers 61 and 62 and those in the tank 29.
  • six anodes 59 are provided in the anode chamber 57, each of which is formed from a tube of Ebonex® (a substoichiometric oxide of titanium) having a 28mm diameter and a 100mm length.
  • each cathode chamber 61 and 62 includes a single plate cathode 63, again formed of Ebonex® and having dimensions of approximately 100mm x 120mm. As shown, the cathodes 63 are aligned with their principal sides parallel to the adjacent sides 25 and 35 of the housing 21.
  • the Ebonex® used in the invention is preferably produced according to the method described in the applicant's co- pending British patent application GB 0618961.7, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the two drains 31 and 33fone for each of the two cathode chambers 61 and 62 are located towards the top of the corresponding cathode chamber 61 and 62 and allow for the removal of the sodium hydroxide mixture formed around the cathodes 63 as a result of the electrolysis as it is pushed upwards by the continued addition of sodium chloride through the inlet pipe 3.
  • the two hydrogen vents, 71 and 72 are located directly above the cathode chambers 61 and 62 respectively, and vent undissolved hydrogen gas evolved during the electrolysis.
  • the vent 79 is located above the tank 29 and vents undissolved chlorine gas evolved during the electrolysis and also any undissolved chlorine dioxide gas formed as a result of reaction (2) above.
  • the starting solution in this embodiment a 5% aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCI), is pumped into the lower chamber 45 of the electro- chlorinator housing 21 via the inlet pipe 3, at a rate of fifteen litres per hour.
  • NaCI sodium chloride
  • the solution passes through the holes in the lower flow screen 41 into the anode chamber 57 and cathode chambers 61 and 62 of the electrolytic cell 47, where it undergoes electrolysis in accordance with reaction (1), producing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ) at the cathode in each cathode chamber 61 and 62, and chlorine gas (Cb) at the anodes in the anode chamber 57.
  • NaOH sodium hydroxide
  • H 2 hydrogen gas
  • Cb chlorine gas
  • the electrodes 59 and 63 are connected to a DC power supply (not shown) that applies a potential difference of approximately 20 volts across them, as a result of which a typical DC current of 10 amps flows through the cell for the electrolysis.
  • the solution formed in the cathode chambers 61 and 62 is alkaline (pH of 11 to 12), while the solution formed in the anode chamber 57 is acidic (pH of 2 to 3).
  • the mixtures formed in the cathode chambers 61 and 62 are forced up the housing 21 and out the respective drains 31 and 33.
  • the mixture formed around the anodes 59 is forced up into the tank 29.
  • the membranes 51 and 53 act to restrict liquid flow and therefore the high pH sodium hydroxide mixture formed around the cathodes 63 does not mix with the low pH chlorine mixture formed around the anodes 59.
  • a controller (not shown) is provided to control the rate of addition of the sodium chlorite (NaCIO 2 ) into the tank 29 using a standard feedback control loop based on a measure of the pH at the outlet 11.
  • Aqueous chlorine dioxide is output from the tank 29, via the outlet pipe 11. Any undissolved hydrogen gas is vented off from the cathode chambers 61 and 62 via vents 71 and 72 respectively; any undissolved chlorine and chlorine dioxide gases are vented from the tank 29 via vent 79.
  • aqueous chlorine dioxide is supplied to the dosing tank 15 at a concentration of between 200 and 500 ppm and is then fed into the water to be treated so that the resulting water contains chlorine dioxide at a concentration of about 0.6 to 1.5 ppm.
  • the starting solution used was a 5% aqueous solution of NaCI.
  • a weaker solution may be used if desired.
  • the starting solution used was an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCI).
  • NaCI sodium chloride
  • KCI aqueous potassium chloride
  • NaCI NaCI is preferred as it is less expensive.
  • other alkali metal chlorites may be used instead of sodium chlorite.
  • plate electrodes were used as cathodes and tubular electrodes were used as anodes. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, other shapes of electrodes can be used. Additionally, it is not essential to form the electrodes from Ebonex material. Other materials can be used, such as graphite or titanium.
  • a porous polyethylene membrane was used to separate the anode chamber from each cathode chamber.
  • the use of such a porous membrane allowed the hydrogen gas formed around the cathodes to pass through the membrane to the outlet pipe 11 , whilst restricting flow of sodium hydroxide from the cathode chambers to the anode chamber.
  • the high pH mixture formed around the cathodes does not raise the pH of the mixture formed around the anodes and so the equilibrium equation defined in (2) above is biased to the right and hence to the generation of chlorine dioxide.
  • Polyethylene was used for the membrane material as it is highly resistant to deterioration.
  • other barriers may be used which achieve the same function, although non-ion-specific polymers such as polyethylene are preferred as they are neither anionic nor cationic and therefore merely restrict rather than prevent the passage of charged ions across the barrier.
  • a porous membrane of 3mm thickness was used.
  • different thicknesses of membrane may be used, for example as thin as 1mm or as thick as 5mm.
  • the membranes in the above embodiment were perforated with an array of holes of approximately 15 microns in diameter on average, those skilled in the art will appreciate the smaller or larger holes may be used. Preferably, the holes are between 10 microns and 100 microns, on average.
  • porous membrane need not comprise a perforated polymer sheet as in the above embodiment, but may instead comprise a mesh or woven structure, possibly made of two or more different materials.
  • flow screens having holes were provided across the flow channel upstream and downstream of the electrolytic cell.
  • these flow screens are not essential. However, they are preferred as they help to evenly dissipate the flow of liquids up from the lower chamber 45 through to the anode chamber 57 and cathode chambers 61 and 62, and also of the evolved chlorine gas into the tank 29. They also reduce back flow of fluid which could allow sodium hydroxide solution to pass into the anode chamber and hence raise the pH in the anode chamber.
  • the flow screens 41 and 43 were made of Perspex®.
  • the material used is largely immaterial, although if the chlorine dioxide solution formed is found to be particularly corrosive, a polymer blend such as Noryl® may be used instead.
  • the cathodes were positioned on the outsides of the housing and the anodes were provided in a central area of the housing between the two cathode chambers. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, this is not essential.
  • the anodes may be provided on the outside and the cathodes may be provided in a central portion of the housing between the anodes.
  • anodes and “cathodes”. Whilst these terms usually mean that the cathode electrodes are connected to a negative electric potential and the anode electrodes are connected to a positive electric potential, these terms should be given a broader interpretation in which the anode electrodes are connected, in use, to a higher electric potential than the cathode electrodes.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un électrochlorateur, dans lequel du chlorure de sodium est soumis à une électrolyse et dans lequel on ajoute du chlorite de sodium pour faire réagir celui-ci avec le chlore formé par l'électrolyse, afin de produire ainsi du dioxyde de chlore. Une barrière poreuse ou une membrane est prévue entre les anodes et les cathodes de la cellule électrolytique afin de limiter l'écoulement de l'hydroxyde de sodium formé autour des cathodes de la cellule vers les anodes. De ce fait, le pH de la solution autour des anodes est maintenu bas (environ 2 ou 3) et il n'est pas nécessaire d'ajouter de l'acide à l'électrochlorateur pour faciliter la production du dioxyde de chlore.
PCT/GB2008/000278 2007-01-25 2008-01-25 Électrochlorateur WO2008090367A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0701437.6 2007-01-25
GB0701437A GB2445940B (en) 2007-01-25 2007-01-25 Electro-chlorinator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008090367A1 true WO2008090367A1 (fr) 2008-07-31

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ID=37872771

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2008/000278 WO2008090367A1 (fr) 2007-01-25 2008-01-25 Électrochlorateur

Country Status (2)

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GB (1) GB2445940B (fr)
WO (1) WO2008090367A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105217737A (zh) * 2014-06-19 2016-01-06 徐才浚 水液处理器
WO2016137723A1 (fr) * 2015-02-26 2016-09-01 Chemtreat, Inc. Procédés et systèmes de production de dioxyde de chlore gazeux de haute pureté
US10471165B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2019-11-12 Chemtreat, Inc. Sterilization or disinfection of workpieces, including medical and dental instruments

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8394253B2 (en) * 2010-11-16 2013-03-12 Strategic Resource Optimization, Inc. Electrolytic system and method for generating biocides having an electron deficient carrier fluid and chlorine dioxide
WO2018147725A1 (fr) * 2017-02-07 2018-08-16 Bright Spark B.V. Dispositif comprenant un canal, une cathode, une anode et une source d'alimentation, et procédé de production de dioxyde de chlore

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3763006A (en) * 1971-03-24 1973-10-02 Chemical Generators Inc Process for producing chlorine dioxide
EP1031646A2 (fr) * 1993-10-21 2000-08-30 Pureline Treatment Systems, L.L.C. Procédé de production d'un mélange de gaz oxydant

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB847674A (en) * 1957-10-19 1960-09-14 Robert Greaves & Sons Ltd Improvements in or relating to chlorinators
US3390065A (en) * 1964-04-03 1968-06-25 Hal B.H. Cooper Process and cell for the manufacture of either sodium hypochlorite or chlorine
US3962065A (en) * 1974-05-28 1976-06-08 Scoville Frank J Chlorine gas or hypochlorite producing apparatus
NL8303137A (nl) * 1983-09-10 1985-04-01 Mandor A G Werkwijze voor het zuiveren van water door het hieraan toevoegen van hypochloriet en inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een dergelijke werkwijze.
US4596648A (en) * 1984-07-25 1986-06-24 Sweeney Charles T Continuous electrolytic gas generator
DE29923569U1 (de) * 1998-02-27 2001-02-08 Dinotec Chemische Erzeugnisse Elektrolysegerät

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3763006A (en) * 1971-03-24 1973-10-02 Chemical Generators Inc Process for producing chlorine dioxide
EP1031646A2 (fr) * 1993-10-21 2000-08-30 Pureline Treatment Systems, L.L.C. Procédé de production d'un mélange de gaz oxydant

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105217737A (zh) * 2014-06-19 2016-01-06 徐才浚 水液处理器
WO2016137723A1 (fr) * 2015-02-26 2016-09-01 Chemtreat, Inc. Procédés et systèmes de production de dioxyde de chlore gazeux de haute pureté
KR20170120678A (ko) * 2015-02-26 2017-10-31 켐트릿, 인코포레이티드 고순도 기체 이산화염소를 제조하기 위한 방법 및 시스템
US10005665B2 (en) 2015-02-26 2018-06-26 Chemtreat, Inc. Methods and systems for producing high purity gaseous chlorine dioxide
KR102557522B1 (ko) 2015-02-26 2023-07-21 켐트릿, 인코포레이티드 고순도 기체 이산화염소를 제조하기 위한 방법 및 시스템
US10471165B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2019-11-12 Chemtreat, Inc. Sterilization or disinfection of workpieces, including medical and dental instruments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0701437D0 (en) 2007-03-07
GB2445940A (en) 2008-07-30
GB2445940B (en) 2011-09-14

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