WO2008087068A1 - Machine électrique, en particulier moteur synchrone avec commutation électrique - Google Patents

Machine électrique, en particulier moteur synchrone avec commutation électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008087068A1
WO2008087068A1 PCT/EP2008/050122 EP2008050122W WO2008087068A1 WO 2008087068 A1 WO2008087068 A1 WO 2008087068A1 EP 2008050122 W EP2008050122 W EP 2008050122W WO 2008087068 A1 WO2008087068 A1 WO 2008087068A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole
electrical machine
claw
coils
machine according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/050122
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Krauth
Eckhart Nipp
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2008087068A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008087068A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/145—Stator cores with salient poles having an annular coil, e.g. of the claw-pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
    • H02K37/10—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type
    • H02K37/12—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type with stationary armatures and rotating magnets

Definitions

  • the permanent magnets are located in the rotor, which can be designed both as an internal and external rotor.
  • the magnet systems are constructed as axial flow or transversal flow systems.
  • In the stator of the machines single or multi-phase windings are arranged. If low-cost small drives with electronic commutation, so-called EC motors are required, as for example in motor vehicle construction, single-phase machines are frequently used for this, if only one direction of rotation is required, as for example with fans and pumps. Such machines can be produced particularly cost-effectively and easily with a stator in claw-pole design and toroidal coils.
  • stator windings are energized by means of an electronic circuit, an inverter.
  • an inverter Preferably, the classic three-phase bridge circuit according to FIG. 1 is used.
  • the three phase windings of the motor can then be used in both star and
  • the present solution seeks to produce a multi-phase electronically commutated synchronous motor on the one hand as cost effective and compact and on the other hand to be able to power with the usual inverter in three-phase bridge circuit.
  • a particularly easy to manufacture and compact design of the Klauenpol- magnet system is achieved in that between the two toroidal coils two adjacent pole plates are arranged, each having opposite to each other to form a claw pole angled claws.
  • the two toroidal coils are arranged axially adjacent to one another and the pole plates attached to the end faces of the coils, so that the claw poles protrude axially over both annular coils.
  • the toroidal coils are the same design and can thus be manufactured by winding machines in high numbers.
  • a high efficiency of the machine is achieved by the fact that the claw poles are guided over the entire length of the working air gap.
  • the pole disks are expediently punched with their claw poles of sheets and formed by deep drawing. Expediently, the width and thickness of the claw poles remain the same over their entire length. This results in a magnetically uniform sequence of three claw poles along the circumference at the working air gap. This leads to a rotating field with 60 ° or 120 ° electrically shifted clocks with a corresponding phase shift of the output from the inverter three-phase voltages.
  • the concept of an EC synchronous motor with a two-stator winding can be realized both with a two-pole and with a multi-pole rotor, that is, with one or more distributed over the circumference of the rotor magnetic pole pairs.
  • Equally variable is the number of claw poles respectively formed on the pole discs.
  • an at least two-pole, preferably four-pole rotor pole pieces which are each provided with at least two, preferably four claw poles.
  • an EC synchronous motor with external rotor can be arranged with the toroidal coils on a magnetically conductive axis in an advantageous manner, in which case the pole disks of Klauenpolsystems are attached to the magnetic yoke on the axis, the free end has a bearing point for a cup-shaped external rotor ,
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement for a three-phase EC motor according to the
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a two-strand EC motor according to the invention in external rotor design
  • FIG. 3 shows the stator of the machine with the claw pole system in an enlarged spatial representation
  • FIG. 4 shows the stator from FIG. 3 in exploded view
  • FIG. 5 shows the circuit arrangement of the EC motor according to FIG. 2 with a three-phase converter
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram with the voltage and current profiles of the three phases on the two coils of the EC motor and FIGS. 7a to 7c each show a development of the claw pole system and the permanent magnets of FIG
  • the designated 10 in Figure 1 circuit arrangement shows a known three-phase EC synchronous motor 11 with permanently magnetically excited rotor I Ia, whose - A -
  • three stator windings 1 Ib are usually supplied by the three phase outputs R, S, T of an inverter 12 in bridge circuit via electronically controllable semiconductor switch 13.
  • the inverter 12 is connected on the input side to a DC power source 14.
  • About the semiconductor switch 13 can be speed and direction of rotation and the rest position of the runner control.
  • FIG. 2 shows the schematic structure of such a synchronous motor 15 in longitudinal section in an external rotor design.
  • Its stator 16 is mounted on a rigid shaft 17 and consists of a multi-phase winding 18, which is bordered by a claw pole 19.
  • Its cup-shaped rotor 20 made of soft magnetic material is fixed with its hub on a drive shaft 21 of the machine, which is aligned with the axis 17 of the stator.
  • the free end 17 a of the attached to a bracket 17 b axis 17 is formed as a bearing point 22 for the cup-shaped rotor 20.
  • the winding 18 consists of two toroidal coils 29, 30th
  • the claw pole system 19 of the stator 16 consists of four annular pole plates 25 to 28, each of which surrounds one of two axially juxtaposed ring coils 29 and 30 in pairs.
  • claw poles 31 and 32 are bent at right angles axially at each outer periphery.
  • Ring coils 29 and 30, the two adjacent pole plates 27 and 28 are arranged. They each have two mutually oppositely axially angled claws 33a, 33b to form a claw pole 33.
  • the uniformly distributed over the circumference in alternating sequence engage each other and thereby along the working air gap 24 protrude axially over both annular coils 29 and 30. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the claw poles are guided over the entire length of the working air gap 24 predetermined by the permanent magnets 28 of the rotor.
  • the pole plates 25 to 28 are punched with their claw poles 31 to 33 in a simple manner from soft magnetic sheets and formed by deep drawing. Thickness and width of the claw poles 31 to 33 remain constant over their entire axial length.
  • the pole plates 25 to 28 are joined together axially with the two annular coils 29 and 30 and on the axis 17 made of soft magnetic material, so that the axis 17 forms the magnetic yoke for the claw pole system of the stator 16.
  • FIG. 5 shows the circuit arrangement for supplying the two-phase EC synchronous motor 15 according to FIG. 2. It can be seen that the two ring coils 29, 30 arranged next to one another are connected in series, their connection 34 and their coil starts each one of the three phase connections R, S, T form. These connections are connected in the same way as in FIG. 1 to the outputs of a three-bridge converter 12.
  • the operation of the synchronous motor 15 will now be explained with the aid of Figures 6 and 7a to 7c.
  • the ring coils 29, 30 are cyclically energized via the inverter 12 in six cycles as in machines with three coils according to the prior art.
  • an energizing cycle of three cycles is chosen for the simplified representation of the mode of action.
  • the DC voltage at the input of the inverter 12 is given by a clocked control of the semiconductor switch 13 in cyclic alternating sequence as rectangular pulses on the phase outputs R, S and T, to control the speed of the pulse length is variable.
  • the first voltage pulse Ul then passes through the phase output R to the toroidal coil 29.
  • a current flows via the upper semiconductor switch 13 of the left bridge via the connection R through the first ring coil 29 and there via the connection S and the lower semiconductor switch 13 of the middle
  • a second voltage pulse U2 occurs at the connection S, which is supplied via the connection 34 to both coils 29 and 30.
  • This voltage now drives a current through the upper semiconductor switch 13 of the middle bridge and the
  • Terminal S in the reverse direction, that is from the coil ends forth simultaneously by both coils and 29 and 30 with closed lower semiconductor switches in the left and right bridge.
  • a third voltage pulse U3 occurs at the terminal T of the left bridge, which now drives a current through the second coil 30 via the upper semiconductor switch 13 of the right bridge, via the terminal S and the lower semiconductor switch 13 of the middle bridge to the negative terminal of the DC power source 14 is performed.
  • These voltage and current waveforms are shown in the diagram of Figure 6 and repeat in a temporally cyclic sequence.
  • the polarities occurring at the claw poles 31 to 33 of the synchronous motor 15 cooperate with the permanent magnets 23 of the rotor 20 in such a way that it is driven in a direction of rotation predetermined by the pulse sequence.
  • FIG. 7a shows the polarization of the claw poles of the synchronous motor 15 from FIG. 1 at the time a in the diagram according to FIG.
  • a current flows in the forward direction, which forms a north pole N via the left pole plate 25 at the claw poles 31.
  • a south pole S are formed by the same current flow in the coil 29 via the two inner pole plates 27 and 28 respectively on the claws 33a and 33b of the middle claw pole 33.
  • each pole pair of the rotor 20 is assigned a respective claw pole 31, 32 and 33 of the claw pole system 19.
  • the polarity of the stator 16 produced by the current flow in the left-hand ring coil 39 results in the position of the rotor 20 shown in FIG. 7a at the time a, the south pole S of the rotor 20 facing the north pole of the claw pole 31.
  • the adjacent north pole N of the rotor 20 is each half opposite the south pole S of the middle claw pole 33 and the weaker south pole (S) of the left claw pole 32.
  • Rotor 20 is rotated from the position shown in Figure 7a in the direction of arrow 35 until finally at the time b (according to Figure 6), the position shown in Figure 7b is reached.
  • the permanent magnetic south pole S of the rotor 20 is opposite the north pole N of the middle claw pole 33 and the adjacent north pole N of the rotor 20 is half opposite a south pole S of the claw pole 32 and a south pole S of the claw pole 31.
  • Claw pole 32 a north pole N formed.
  • a south pole S is formed at the middle claw pole 33.
  • part of the magnetic flux of the right annular coil 30 is directed through the left annular coil 29 to the left pole plate 25 and forms there at Klauenpol 31 a weaker south pole (S).
  • the rotor 20 is further rotated out of the position according to FIG. 7b in the direction of the arrow 35 until it reaches the position shown in FIG. 7c at the time c (according to FIG. 6).
  • the permanent magnetic south pole of the rotor 20 of the north pole N of the claw pole 32 to the right pole plate 26 and the adjacent north pole N of the rotor 22 is in each case half south pole S of the middle claw pole 33 and the weaker south pole (S) of the claw pole 31 at the left pole plate 25 opposite.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiment of an EC synchronous motor 15 with eight-pole external rotor.
  • the number of pole pairs in Klauenpolsystem can, as is generally the case with Klauenpolanssenen, largely freely chosen without additional effort.
  • the items can be relatively easily assembled by axial joining to a compact stator, for Klauenpolsystem only two different laminations are required by the two outer pole plates are provided with long claw poles and the two inner pole plates with short jaws, the pairs one each form the middle claw pole.
  • this claw pole version can also be realized on an internal rotor motor.
  • the working air gap is arranged on the inner circumference of the two annular coils, so that the claw poles protrude there along the working air gap over the two toroidal coils.
  • the magnetic circuit is closed by a to be attached to the outer circumference of the toroidal coils return ring made of soft magnetic material, which connects the pole plates on the outer circumference. Due to the phase shift of the adjacent claw poles by 120 ° electrically, the
  • Synchronous motor can be controlled with conventional three-phase voltages. In this case, it is fundamentally irrelevant whether a block commutation, a sine-wave control or another three-phase current application method is used.
  • the synchronous motor according to the invention forms a symmetrical three-phase machine with regard to the upstream converter. This results in three equal induced voltages between the converter bridges, which are electrically out of phase with each other by 120 °.
  • the inductances between the inverter bridges are identical. The prerequisite for this, however, is that the magnetic circuit is not significantly saturated. However, should arise due to the resistive asymmetry in the control of the synchronous motor irregularities, they can be optionally eliminated by appropriate controls of the semiconductor switches.
  • the firing angle and block length can be made asymmetrical.
  • the synchronous motor according to the invention with electronic commutation can be used for all possible drives.
  • a preferred field of application results in smaller actuators, especially in motor vehicles with a DC power supply.
  • claw pole systems with multi-layered electrical sheets can be used. This allows the active surface of the claw poles in the working air gap and the claw pole thickness to be adapted to the magnetic requirements.
  • the electronically commutated synchronous motor is equipped only with a two-strand stator winding, which acts together with a common Klauenpolsystem and works as the three-phase synchronous motor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique, en particulier un moteur synchrone EC avec une excitation permanente dans le rotor (20) et un enroulement polyphasé (18) dans un système à pôles à griffes (19) du stator (16) et trois connexions pour un onduleur triphasé. Pour un stator compact et construit de manière simple, on prévoit de former l'enroulement (18) à partir de deux bobines toroïdales (29, 30) agencées l'une à côté de l'autre et montées en série l'une par rapport à l'autre (29, 30), dont la connexion et dont les débuts forment respectivement une des trois connexions, et de disposer sur les côtés frontaux extérieurs et intérieurs des deux bobines toroïdales (29, 30) des joues magnétiques de forme annulaire (25 à 28), à partir desquelles respectivement un pôle à griffes (31, 32, 33) fait saillie alternativement le long de l'entrefer de travail (24) par-dessus au moins une des deux bobines toroïdales.
PCT/EP2008/050122 2007-01-17 2008-01-08 Machine électrique, en particulier moteur synchrone avec commutation électrique WO2008087068A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007002443.8 2007-01-17
DE200710002443 DE102007002443A1 (de) 2007-01-17 2007-01-17 Elektrische Maschine, insbesondere Synchronmotor mit elektrischer Kommutierung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008087068A1 true WO2008087068A1 (fr) 2008-07-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/050122 WO2008087068A1 (fr) 2007-01-17 2008-01-08 Machine électrique, en particulier moteur synchrone avec commutation électrique

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WO (1) WO2008087068A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202010015364U1 (de) * 2010-11-11 2012-02-17 Hans-Peter Wyremba Bürstenloser Elektromotor oder Generator in Schalenbauweise
DE202014106280U1 (de) * 2014-12-26 2016-03-30 BROSE SCHLIEßSYSTEME GMBH & CO. KG Schließhilfsantrieb

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0775302A (ja) * 1993-09-06 1995-03-17 Japan Servo Co Ltd 環状コイル方式の３相クロ−ポ−ル式永久磁石型回転電機
US6133655A (en) * 1996-11-13 2000-10-17 Minebea Co., Ltd. Claw-pole stepping motor with rotor including vibration reducing magnet
JP2005020884A (ja) * 2003-06-26 2005-01-20 Minebea Co Ltd クローポール型ステッピングモータ
US20060192443A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-08-31 Korea Electronics Technology Institute Claw-pole permanent magnet stepping motor
JP2006333545A (ja) * 2005-05-23 2006-12-07 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd ３相クローポール型モータ

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4113339B2 (ja) 2001-06-18 2008-07-09 日本サーボ株式会社 ３相環状コイル式永久磁石型回転電機

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0775302A (ja) * 1993-09-06 1995-03-17 Japan Servo Co Ltd 環状コイル方式の３相クロ−ポ−ル式永久磁石型回転電機
US6133655A (en) * 1996-11-13 2000-10-17 Minebea Co., Ltd. Claw-pole stepping motor with rotor including vibration reducing magnet
JP2005020884A (ja) * 2003-06-26 2005-01-20 Minebea Co Ltd クローポール型ステッピングモータ
US20060192443A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-08-31 Korea Electronics Technology Institute Claw-pole permanent magnet stepping motor
JP2006333545A (ja) * 2005-05-23 2006-12-07 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd ３相クローポール型モータ

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