Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/02—Polyamines
  • C08G73/0206—Polyalkylene(poly)amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/64—Macromolecular compounds not provided for by groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/63
  • C08G18/6415—Macromolecular compounds not provided for by groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/63 having nitrogen
  • C08G18/6423—Polyalkylene polyamines; polyethylenimines; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/80—Masked polyisocyanates
  • C08G18/8061—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
  • C08L79/02—Polyamines
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/53—Polyethers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/61—Polyamines polyimines
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
  • D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/20—Treatment influencing the crease behaviour, the wrinkle resistance, the crease recovery or the ironing ease

Definitions

• the present disclosure is directed to the field of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine derivatives useful for treating textile substrates. More specifically, this disclosure relates to treatments used to provide wash-durable odor control in textiles, particularly in synthetic or synthetic-containing textile substrates. The chemical treatment also reduces wrinkling and imparts softness and moisture wicking to the treated textile.
• the present disclosure is directed to a molecule having a hyperbranched polyethyleneimine core to which is attached, at a minimum, one or more hydrocarbon groups.
• linking compounds may connect the hydrocarbon groups to the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine core.
• other organic compounds may also be used to "cap" the branches of the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine that are unreacted with hydrocarbon groups.
• the hydrocarbon groups comprise up to 20% of the weight of the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine derivative.
• the resulting treated textile exhibits wicking properties that are desired for textiles used in apparel and other applications.
• the hydrocarbon groups comprise up between about 20% and about 80% of the weight of the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine derivative.
• durability may be achieved without the use of a separate cross-linking agent or compound, although one may be incorporated if so desired for certain applications.
• Textiles treated with derivatives having a greater amount of hydrocarbon groups tend to exhibit finishes that are more water-repellent, which may be useful in some circumstances.
• a first approach is the treatment of the textile article with antimicrobial compounds or the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds into the yarns used to make the substrate.
• Antimicrobial-treated textiles function to reduce odors by controlling or preventing the growth of microorganisms. When microorganisms grow, they degrade materials into volatile organic compounds, which are often malodorous. While preventing the growth of microorganisms, approaches using antimicrobials fail to address the issue of odor control once volatile organic compounds are present in the textile.
• Another approach to the problem of odor control is to incorporate carbon black particles, granules, fibers, or cloths into a textile.
• carbon black is generally effective at adsorbing odors when dry, but it tends to lose some of its efficacy when wet (as the surface area becomes blocked by water or other aqueous contaminants).
• a second problem with carbon black is that it must be bound to the textile by adhesives or other binders, often reducing the breathability of the treated textile.
• carbon black imparts a black color to the textile surface being treated, which is unsuitable in many situations (for example, with light-colored apparel).
• Other particles, such as zeolites have also been used for textile odor reduction. Many of these exhibit the same problems associated with carbon black, while being functionally less effective.
• cyclodextrins are not particularly efficacious in reducing odors associated with human sweat, nor are they particularly durable to repeated launderings.
• the present treatment provides a solution to such needs providing a specific hyperbranched polyethyleneimine structure, which is linked to one or more hydrocarbon groups having linear portions of between 5 and 30 carbon atoms and which may additionally be linked to one or more organic "capping" compounds.
• This disclosure is directed to treatments for synthetic textile goods that impart odor control properties to the treated textiles. Additionally, the chemical treatment provides benefits in terms of reduced drying time, reduced wrinkling, and, in some circumstances, improved moisture wicking.
• the present treatment comprises a modified hyperbranched polyethyleneimine compound, also referred to herein as a "hyperbranched polyethyleneimine derivative.”
• the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine derivative comprises at least one hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (a "hydrophilic component") that has been linked to one or more hydrocarbon groups having between 5 and 30 carbon atoms linearly arranged ("hydrophobic component(s)", which may be linked to the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine using any of a number of different linkages).
• the chemical treatment also comprises one or more additional organic "cap” compounds attached to the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine core.
• the hydrophobic components that is, hydrocarbon groups and optional linking compounds
• the hydrophobic components are electrophilic, so that they react with the nucleophilic hyperbranched polyethyleneimine molecule.
• Any of a number of acceptable linking groups may be used to link the hydrocarbon groups to the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine, as will be described herein, or the hydrocarbon groups may link directly to the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine molecule.
• the hydrocarbon groups comprise up to 20% of the weight of the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine derivative.
• the resulting treated textile exhibits wicking properties that are desired for textiles used in apparel and other applications.
• the hydrocarbon groups comprise up between about 20% and about 80% of the weight of the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine derivative.
• durability may be achieved without the use of a separate cross-linking agent or compound, although one may be incorporated if so desired for certain applications.
• Textiles treated with derivatives having a greater amount of hydrocarbon groups tend to exhibit finishes that are more water-repellent, which may be useful in some circumstances.
• the disclosure is further directed to the process for treating textiles with the present chemical treatment, wherein the chemical treatment is applied to at least a portion of the fiber, yarn, textile, or composite.
• the target fabric is placed into the chemical treatment (e.g, by dipping), then padded and dried in a single continuous process.
• This disclosure is further directed to the fibers, yarns, fabrics, textiles, finished goods, or nonwovens (encompassed herein under the terms “textiles” and “webs”) treated with the subject hyperbranched polyethyleneimine derivatives.
• Such textiles and webs exhibit greatly improved odor control properties, even after multiple launderings. Further, such treated textiles also exhibit enhanced moisture wicking and reduced wrinkling and drying time.
• the present chemical treatment is especially well-suited for use with synthetic substrates.
• synthetic refers to any man-made fiber type, including, without limitation, polyester, polyamide (e.g., nylon), acrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramids (e.g., NOMEX® and KEVLAR®) and the like.
• the substrate comprises a majority of synthetic content and may include a combination of synthetic fiber types or a combination of synthetic and natural fiber types.
• the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (h-PEI) molecule which may also be referred to herein as the hydrophilic component of the compound.
• the h-PEI molecule can be described as having a central core surrounded by a plurality of molecular branches, with each branch projecting outward from the core and having a highly reactive end group. It is to be expected that partial linkage of the branches to themselves often occurs.
• the molecule typically exhibits a very high charge density per area, meaning that there are a high number of positive charges clustered densely together around the molecular core. This configuration makes the molecule very capable of interacting with a wide range of other molecules, many of which will be described herein.
• the number of molecules that may be attached to the h-PEI molecule depends on the number average molecular weight (M n ) of the h-PEI, which reflects the number of branches available for attachment.
• hyperbranched polyethyleneimines having a number average molecular weight (M n ) of between about 300 and about 2 million are preferred, with M n of between about 1 ,000 and about 75,000 being more preferred.
• hydrocarbon groups i.e., the h-PEI derivative.
• hydrocarbon groups together with any linking compounds which may be used to attach them to the h-PEI molecule, are collectively referred to as the "hydrophobic components" of the dye-reactive molecule.
• hydrocarbon groups may be linear molecules or may contain branched or aromatic portions, which have an electrophilic group capable of reacting with the nucleophilic h-PEI.
• the linear portion of the hydrocarbon group contains between about 5 and about 30 carbon atoms and, more preferably, contains between about 10 and about 24 carbon atoms. Mixtures of various length hydrocarbons may also be used.
• electrophilic hydrocarbons include, without limitation, carboxylic acids, ketene dimers, formates, acetyl halides (such as acetyl chloride), esters, anhydrides, alkyl halides, epoxides, isocyanates, and the like.
• Preferred examples include stearic acid, hydroxy stearic acid, isostearic acid, and palmitic acid.
• the weight ratio of h-PEI to hydrophobic groups is from about 1000:1 to about 5:1 and, more preferably, is from about 100:1 to about 10:1.
• the weight ratio of h-PEI to hydrophobic groups is from about 5:1 to about 1 :10 and, more preferably, is from about 2:1 to about 1 :5, depending on the M n of the h-PEI.
• weight ratios of h-PEI to hydrophobic group from about 1 :1 to about 1 :4 are used.
• R is a non-hyperbranched hydrocarbon group (for example, such as alky!, alkenyl, arylalkyl, and arylalkenyl groups, where the number of carbon atoms in the linear portion of the hydrocarbon is between 5 and 30 carbon atoms), where x is a number from 1 to about 10,000 (depending on the M n of the h-PEI), where h-PEI is a hyperbranched polyethyleneimine, where A is a small organic "capping" compound, where y is a number from 0 to 500, and wherein R is present in an approximate amount of between about 0.1% and about 80% by weight of the molecule.
• R is a non-hyperbranched hydrocarbon group (for example, such as alky!, alkenyl, arylalkyl, and arylalkenyl groups, where the number of carbon atoms in the linear portion of the hydrocarbon is between 5 and 30 carbon atoms)
• x is a number from 1 to about 10,000
• small organic molecules may be used to "cap” the unreacted branches of the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine.
• the capping molecule "A” has from one to four carbon atoms.
• Any caps that will react with the amine (NH or NH 2 ) portion of the h-PEI molecule may be used, including, without limitation, epoxides, anhydrides, esters, acids, carbonates, sulfates, formates, isocyanates, and mixtures thereof.
• Specific examples of such caps include, without limitation, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, methyl bromide, acetic acid, vinyl sulfonates, trifluoroacetic acid, and succinic anhydride.
• Ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO) chains are especially useful as capping compounds in the present treatment to prevent the treated substrate from yellowing when exposed to high manufacturing temperatures (for example, temperatures greater than 350 0 F).
• the addition of such chains is not required to achieve odor control and other benefits of the present treatment, but merely to impart additional benefits.
• EO or PO chains within the h-PEI derivative improves moisture wicking and produces softness in the treated substrate.
• R group has a Ci 7 H 35 structure, which in the above structure forms a stearic amide.
• R group an h-PEI having an M n of 1200
• representative molar ratios of h-PEI to R are 1 :2, 1 :4, 1 :6, 1 :8, 1 :10, and 1 :12.
• M n of the h-PEI molecule is about 10,000
• representative molar ratios of h-PEI to R are 1:25, 1 :60, 1 :80, and 1:100.
• representative molar ratios of h-PEI to R are 1 :400, 1 :500, and 1 :600.
• the chemical synthesis of the present treatment molecules is conducted by reacting the h-PEI molecule with a hydrophobic R-containing electrophilic molecule in the presence of nitrogen. It has been found that mechanical agitation of the reagents in a vessel under nitrogen at a temperature of about 150 0 C produces the h-PEI derivatives described herein. The time necessary to complete the reaction depends on the amount of reagents that are being reacted and the size of the reaction vessel.
• the resulting compounds, referred to herein as "h-PEI derivatives" are typically in the form of an oily liquid or waxy solid.
• h-PEI derivatives have hydrophobic agents present in an amount of at least 0.1% to up to about 20% of the weight of the h- PEI derivative, and more preferably, from about 2% to about 15% of the weight of the h-PEI derivative. In an alternate embodiment, h-PEI derivatives have hydrophobic agents present in an amount of at least 20% to about 80% of the weight of the h-PEI derivative, and more preferably, from about 30% to about 75% of the weight of the h-PEI derivative.
• h-PEI derivatives To prepare a treatment bath for textiles using the h-PEI derivatives described herein, one approach is to heat the h-PEI derivative to its melting point, so that it may be poured into a vessel where it is combined, via high speed and high shear agitation, with hot water.
• hot water refers to water having a temperature equal to or greater than the melting point of the h-PEI derivative.
• Suitable equipment for achieving high speed and high shear agitation includes propeller-type mixers, Jago®-type agitators, homogenizers, roll mill, ball mill, microfluidization, and the like.
• the dispersion that results from the forcible introduction of the h-PEI derivative into water may be assisted and stabilized by addition of a solubilizing agent (e.g., an acid or a surfactant), the amount of which depends on the molecular weight of the h-PEI and the molar ratio of h-PEI to hydrophobic components.
• a solubilizing agent e.g., an acid or a surfactant
• Acetic acid is one potentially preferred acid for this purpose (excess acid being evaporated off during subsequent drying of the treated textile substrate).
• Amounts of greater than 0.1% acid, by weight of solution, may be used successfully.
• the amount of acid will be in the range of about 0.1% to about 50% of the weight of the h-PEI derivative.
• the fiber, the yarn, the fabric, or the finished garment may be dyed using conventional processing, after which it is exposed (by methods known in the art such as by soaking, spraying, dipping, padding, foaming, exhausting, and the like) to the aqueous dispersion of the treatment chemistry.
• the treatment chemistry may be applied to a greige (undyed) textile, if the textile is to be used in its undyed state.
• the treated web is then removed from the solution and dried, preferably at temperatures between room temperature and 400 °F, and more preferably, at temperatures between about 100 °F to about 380 0 F.
• the typical add-on weight of the h-PEI derivative is from about 0.1% of the weight of the fabric to about 10% of the weight of the fabric and, preferably, is from about 0.2% of the weight of the fabric to about 5% of the weight of the fabric.
• the treated substrates exhibit durable odor control, even after multiple launderings. Additionally, and surprisingly, the substrates also have durable softness, reduced wrinkling after laundering / drying, and improved moisture wicking capability.
• the h-PEI derivatives disclosed herein possess a molecular configuration that facilitates odor adsorption.
• the h-PEI derivatives have a hydrophilic core surrounded by a hydrophobic "shell" that is formed by the plurality of hydrocarbon groups attached to the core h-PEI molecule.
• Such a configuration results in numerous voids within the derivative molecule, in which volatile odor molecules having different polarities may be trapped.
• secondary interactions such as, for example, Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and ionic interactions — may also contribute to the odor-trapping ability exhibited by textiles treated with the present derivatives.
• a separate cross-linking agent is incorporated into the aqueous solution or dispersion to enhance treatment durability.
• Suitable cross-linking agents for this purpose include epoxides, chlorotriazines and their derivatives, azetidines, blocked isocyanates, and melamine derivatives, which may further enhance the durability of the treatment chemistry.
• the cross-linking agent is preferably present in an amount of between about 0.05% and about 5% of the weight of the treated textile.
• the ratio of h-PEI derivative to cross- linking agent is from about 1 :0.1 to 1 :1.
• finishing agents may also be used, such as wetting agents, softeners, soil release agents, flame retardants, and the like.
• a 100% polyester knit fabric was used as the substrate for Comparative Example A.
• a treatment solution was created, which contained 7.5% (by weight) of a hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (available from Wacker Chemical under the tradename CAVATEX® W7 HPTL) and 2.0% (by weight) of a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN).
• the knit fabric was dipped into the treatment solution and padded at a pressure of 40 p.s.i. to remove excess treatment solution.
• the treated fabric was then dried at about 370 0 F for about 3 minutes (until dry).
• a woven fabric containing 52% nylon by weight and 48% cotton by weight was used as the substrate for Comparative Example B.
• the fabric was dipped into a bath containing only water and then padded at a pressure of about 40 p.s.i. to remove excess water. The fabric was then dried at about 310 0 F for about 10 minutes (until dry).
• Comparative Example C The fabric from Comparative Example B was used in Comparative Example C.
• the fabric was dipped into a bath that contained
• Comparative Example D The fabric from Comparative Example B was used in Comparative Example D.
• the fabric was dipped into a bath that contained about 5.0% (by weight) of a melamine-based repellent material (available from Ciba Specialty Chemical under the tradename PHOBOTEX® JVA) and 2.0% (by weight) of a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN).
• the fabric was then padded at a pressure of about 40 p.s.i. to remove excess, after which the fabric was dried at about 310 0 F for about 10 minutes (until dry).
• a woven fabric containing 52% nylon by weight and 48% cotton by weight was used as the substrate for Comparative Example E.
• the fabric was dipped into a bath that contained about 6.0% (by weight) of a hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (available from Wacker Chemical under the tradename CAVATEX® W7 HPTL) and 1.0% (by weight) of a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN) and then padded at a pressure of about 40 p.s.i. to remove excess.
• the fabric was then dried at about 330 C F for about 4 minutes (until dry).
• hyperbranched polyethyleneimine sold under the name EPOMIN® SP012 by Summit Specialty Chemical, New Jersey
• stearic acid sold by Aldrich, Wisconsin
• the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine had a M n of 1200.
• the mixture was heated under nitrogen, with agitation, at a temperature of about 150 °C for about 3 hours. At the end of the 3 hours, an aliquot was removed and analyzed using FT-IR, which indicated that no acid remained and that the reaction was complete. The resulting product was a waxy solid.
• the h-PEI derivative was dispersed into hot water via high speed and high shear agitation. To solubilize the h-PEI derivative, acetic acid was added to the dispersions to achieve a pH level of about 5. The h-PEI derivative comprised about 3.0% by weight of the dispersion. Also added to the dispersion was about 2.0% by weight of a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN).
• a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN.
• the 100% polyester knit fabric used in Comparative Example A was dipped into the dispersion and padded at a pressure of about 40 p.s.i. to remove excess. The fabric was then dried at a temperature of about 370 °F for about 3 minutes (until dry).
• hyperbranched polyethyleneimine sold under the name EPOMIN® SP200 by Summit Specialty Chemical, New Jersey
• isostearic acid sold under the name PRISORINE® by Uniqema, Delaware
• the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine had a M n of about 10,000.
• the mixture was heated under nitrogen, with agitation, at a temperature of about 150 0 C for about 3 hours. At the end of the 3 hours, an aliquot was removed and analyzed using FT-IR, which indicated that no acid remained and that the reaction was complete. The resulting product was a viscous liquid.
• the h-PEI derivative was dispersed into hot water via high speed and high shear agitation. To solubilize the h-PEI derivative, acetic acid was added to the dispersions to achieve a pH level of about 5. The h-PEI derivative comprised about 3.0% by weight of the dispersion. Also added to the dispersion was about 2.0% by weight of a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN).
• a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN.
• the 100% polyester knit fabric used in Comparative Example A was dipped into the dispersion and padded at a pressure of about 40 p. s i. to remove excess. The fabric was then dried at a temperature of about 370 0 F for about 3 minutes (until dry).
• h-PEI derivative formed above.
• the h-PEI derivative was heated to about 250 F, after which 42.0 grams of ethylene oxide slowly were added until all of the ethylene oxide was reacted, as measured by the hydroxyl number.
• the resulting capped h-PEI derivative was a paste at room temperature.
• the capped h-PEI derivative was dispersed into hot water via high speed and high shear agitation. To solubilize the h-PEI derivative, acetic acid was added to the dispersions to achieve a pH level of about 5. The h-PEI derivative comprised about 5.7% by weight of the dispersion. Also added to the dispersion was about 2.0% by weight of a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN). The 100% polyester knit fabric used in Comparative Example A was dipped into the dispersion and padded at a pressure of about 40 p. s i. to remove excess. The fabric was then dried at a temperature of about 370 0 F for about 3 minutes (until dry).
• hyperbranched polyethyleneimine sold under the name EPOMIN® SP012 by Summit Specialty Chemical, New Jersey
• stearic acid sold by Aldrich, Wisconsin
• the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine had a M n of 1200.
• the mixture was heated under nitrogen, with agitation, at a temperature of about 150 °C for about 3 hours. At the end of the 3 hours, an aliquot was removed and analyzed using FT-IR, which indicated that no acid remained and that the reaction was complete. The resulting product was a waxy solid.
• the h-PEI derivative was dispersed into hot water via high speed and high shear agitation. To solubilize the h-PEI derivative, acetic acid was added to the dispersions to achieve a pH level of about 5. The h-PEI derivative comprised about 3.0% by weight of the dispersion. Also added to the dispersion was about 2.0% by weight of a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN). This is the same treatment chemistry that was used in Example 1.
• the nylon/cotton woven fabric used in Comparative Examples B-D was dipped into the dispersion and padded at a pressure of about 40 p.s.i. to remove excess. The fabric was then dried at a temperature of about 310 °F for about 10 minutes (until dry).
• the h-PEI derivative was dispersed into hot water via high speed and high shear agitation. To solubilize the h-PEI derivative, acetic acid was added to the dispersions to achieve a pH level of about 5. The h-PEI derivative comprised about 3.0% by weight of the dispersion. Also added to the dispersion was about 2.0% by weight of a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN).
• a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN.
• the nylon/cotton woven fabric used in Comparative Examples B-D was dipped into the dispersion and padded at a pressure of about 40 p.s.i. to remove excess. The fabric was then dried at a temperature of about 310 0 F for about 10 minutes (until dry).
• the h-PEI derivative was dispersed into hot water via high speed and high shear agitation. To solubilize the h-PEI derivative, acetic acid was added to the dispersions to achieve a pH level of about 5. The h-PEI derivative comprised about 2.3% by weight of the dispersion. No cross-linking agent was included with this formulation.
• the nylon/cotton woven fabric used in Comparative Example E was dipped into the dispersion and padded at a pressure of about 40 p. s i. to remove excess. The fabric was then dried at a temperature of about 33O 0 F for about 4 minutes (until dry).
• EXAMPLE 7 To a round-bottom flask with a mechanical agitator were added 100.0 grams of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (sold under the name LUPASOL® WF by BASF, New Jersey) and 14.23 grams of stearic acid (sold by Aldrich, Wisconsin). The hyperbranched polyethyleneimine had a M n of 10,000. The mixture was heated under nitrogen, with agitation, at a temperature of about 150 °C for about 3 hours. At the end of the 3 hours, an aliquot was removed and analyzed using FT-IR, which indicated that no acid remained and that the reaction was complete. The resulting product was a viscous liquid.
• hyperbranched polyethyleneimine sold under the name LUPASOL® WF by BASF, New Jersey
• stearic acid sold by Aldrich, Wisconsin
• the h-PEI derivative was dispersed into hot water via high speed and high shear agitation. To solubilize the h-PEI derivative, acetic acid was added to the dispersions to achieve a pH level of about 5. The h-PEI derivative comprised about 2.3% by weight of the dispersion. Also added to the dispersion was about 1.5% by weight of a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN).
• a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent available from Clariant Corporation under the tradename ARKOPHOB® DAN.
• hyperbranched polyethyleneimine sold under the name LUPASOL® WF by BASF, New Jersey
• stearic acid sold by Aldrich, Wisconsin
• the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine had a M n of 10,000.
• the mixture was heated under nitrogen, with agitation, at a temperature of about 150 0 C for about 3 hours. At the end of the 3 hours, an aliquot was removed and analyzed using FT-IR 1 which indicated that no acid remained and that the reaction was complete. The resulting product was a viscous liquid.
• the h-PEI derivative was dispersed into hot water via high speed and high shear agitation. To solubilize the h-PEI derivative, acetic acid was added to the dispersions to achieve a pH level of about 5. The h-PEI derivative comprised about 2.3% by weight of the dispersion. Also added to the dispersion was about 1.5% by weight of a melamine-based cross-linking agent (available from Cytec Industries under the tradename CYMEL® 385).
• a melamine-based cross-linking agent available from Cytec Industries under the tradename CYMEL® 385.
• the nylon/cotton woven fabric used in Comparative Example E was dipped into the dispersion and padded at a pressure of about 40 p.s.i. to remove excess. The fabric was then dried at a temperature of about 330 0 F for about 4 minutes (until dry).
• a fabric sample (typically a 2-inch by 2-inch square) was positioned inside a glass vial having an internal volume of about 20 ml_ and having a silicone cap. 1 microliter of an odor molecule mixture was injected into the vial. The vial was held at a temperature of about 40 C for about 1 hour.
• the chemical composition of the void space at the top of the vial (that is, the "headspace") was evaluated using samples drawn from the vial and analyzed using a GC/MS.
• the numbers shown in the TABLES below are relative within each individual table for a given volatile compound. The data are reduced representations of the areas obtained directly from the GC peaks for a given compound. Higher numerical values reflect greater amounts of a particular volatile organic compound in the vapor phase. Lower numerical values reflect fabric samples having greater adsorption of odor-causing compounds.
• the fabrics of Examples 4 and 5 performed better than, or equivalent to, Comparative Examples B, C, and D at adsorbing volatile compounds from the headspace of their respective vials.
• the treatment chemistry was particularly effective at adsorbing isovaleric acid.
• the treatment chemistry also worked well at adsorbing isobutyraldehyde and limonene, although the performance was not as dramatic as with the polyester fabric samples discussed above. Again, the decrease in odor adsorption with multiple washes was less pronounced with Examples 4 and 5, as compared to Comparative Examples B-D.

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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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• Textile Engineering (AREA)
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