Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
  • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
  • H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
  • H01M4/765—Tubular type or pencil type electrodes; tubular or multitubular sheaths or covers of insulating material for said tubular-type electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
  • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
  • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
  • H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
  • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
  • H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
  • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
  • H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
  • H01M4/765—Tubular type or pencil type electrodes; tubular or multitubular sheaths or covers of insulating material for said tubular-type electrodes
  • H01M4/767—Multitubular sheaths or covers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
  • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
  • Y10T428/1362—Textile, fabric, cloth, or pile containing [e.g., web, net, woven, knitted, mesh, nonwoven, matted, etc.]

Definitions

• the object of the present finding is a multitubular sheathing for positive electrodes to be inserted in industrial batteries for "electrical drive” and/or “energy reserve", in particular of the lead-based type.
• Multitubular sheathings for male electrodes (i.e. positive) for industrial batteries have long been known.
• These consist of a fabric (formed by weft and warp) made up of textile fibres based on polyester or based on polyester and polypropylene, thermo-formed by hot moulding according to the sheathing geometry.
• a disadvantage of this type of fabric for making such sheathing is related to the high cost.
• TNT non-woven fabric
• polyester resin-bonded with synthetic thermo- forming bonding resins typically acrylic, styrene-butadiene resins.
• polypropylene is a synthetic resin but it polymerises in linear form and therefore is not suitable for "bonding" other fibres, but is optimum for becoming a fibre itself (it can exert a bonding power on other fibres making up the TNT but such power is carried out by melting and subsequent cooling).
• Synthetic bonding resins are in the practice defined as chemical additives whereas polypropylene fibres and in general, thermo-plastic/thermo-forming fibres are not defined as chemical additives.
• spunbond TNT As regards spunbond TNT, as known these are produced distributing the continuous fibre threads in irregular manner to form a "pad” that is then needle punched by needles and resin-bonded with such bonding resins (in the practice a resin matrix that impregnates the continuous threads). [0016] While such solutions are inexpensive, they exhibit some disadvantages.
• a first disadvantage is related to the non-optimal unevenness of thickness of the non-woven fabric due to the particular technology used (spunbond TNT). This negatively affects the life of such sheathing.
• the fabric unevenness generates problems in the distribution of the active matter during the preparation of the positive electrode.
• the active matter tends to come out of the sheathing.
• the main task of the present finding is to solve the problems found in multitubular sheathing for positive electrodes to insert in industrial batteries. [0022] Within the scope of the above main task, an important object of the present finding is to provide a multitubular sheathing for electrodes which should ensure a long operating life.
• a further important object of the present finding is to provide a multitubular sheathing for electrodes which should exhibit greater thickness evenness. [0024] A further important object of the present finding is to provide a multitubular sheathing for electrodes which should exhibit greater retaining capacity as regards the active matter of the electrodes.
• a further important object of the present finding is to provide a multitubular sheathing for electrodes with a lower and more even electrical resistance.
• Yet another object of the present finding is to provide a multitubular sheathing for electrodes which should be acid resistant.
• Another object of the present finding is to provide a multitubular sheathing for electrodes which should not exhibit needle crops therein.
• Last but not least, another object of the present finding is to provide a multitubular sheathing for electrodes which should be cheap to manufacture.
• a multitubular sheathing for electrodes of industrial batteries characterised in that it is made of thermo-formed non-woven fabric consisting of staple fibres made integral with one another, at least a portion thereof consisting of thermo-forming fibres.
• a multitubular sheathing according to the finding is globally indicated with reference numeral 10, whereas the positive electrode, with the terminals 12 thereof inserted in the tubular portions of the sheathing, is indicated with reference numeral 11. Functionally, the sheathing has the function of containing and retaining the active matter laid on the electrode terminals.
• such multitubular sheathing 10 is made of thermo-formed non-woven fabric formed starting from staple fibres made integral with one another, at least a portion thereof consisting of thermo-forming fibres.
• thermo-forming or thermo-plastic fibres are understood to comprise both fibres melting at temperatures below 200 0 C, such as polypropylene fibres and bicomponent fibres, and fibres melting at temperatures above 200 0 C, such as polyester fibres.
• thermo-plastic fibres undergo a glass transition state in the passage from the fused state to the solid state. This is used to impart stiffness to the end product.
• the multitubular sheathing is obtained starting from two sheets 13a and 13b of non-woven fabric material connected to each other (preferably by sewing) along connection lines 14 parallel to one another.
• the pitch of such lines is regular and is suitably selected according to the diameter of terminals 12 of electrode 11.
• a plurality of longitudinal pockets therefore creates between the two sheets which will take on the end tubular shape by thermo-forming.
• longitudinal orientation refers to the orientation parallel to the longitudinal development of the tubular pockets, that is (referring to the sheathing in operation) to the longitudinal development of the electrode terminals.
• staple fibres it is generally meant fibres cut into small “crops” (or short fibres), which are in bulk and therefore without a predetermined or preferential arrangement.
• the sheathing is made of thermo-formed non-woven fabric "consisting of staple fibres made integral with one another" it is understood that the non-woven fabric is made “starting from staple fibres” that are then made integral with one another (for example by melting, thanks to the presence of thermo-forming fibres or by cross-linking, thanks to the presence of synthetic bonding resins).
• the general definition of staple fibre given above does not exclude that in the non-woven fabric that makes up the sheathing the staple fibres may also be found with a predetermined or preferential arrangement.
• the count of fibres used to make the sheathing according to the invention is comprised between 0.1 and 4 dTex (grams of fibre by 10,000 m length).
• the fibre cut is preferably comprised between 30 and 80 mm.
• the sheathing is obtained starting from staple fibres with count comprised between 0.8 and 2.5 dTex.
• the sheathing exhibits a closer and more compact structure such as to make it less permeable (to be understood as greater filtering capacity against the active mass of the electrodes without increase of electrical resistance) - basic weight being equal - as compared to sheathing obtained starting from fibres with a count above 2.5 dTex.
• staple fibres with count comprised between 0.1 and 0.5 dTex, or microfibres are also possible to use staple fibres with count comprised between 0.1 and 0.5 dTex, or microfibres, thus obtaining a non-woven fabric with an even closer structure against an increase of the manufacturing costs (essentially related to the higher cost of microfibres).
• the "retaining" (filtering) effect towards the active matter (for example lead oxide) being equal, it is possible to make sheathing with lower count.
• the sheathing is made starting from (staple) fibres consisting of acid resistant polymers, such as polyester and polypropylene.
• the fibres may be monocomponent or bicomponent.
• bicomponent fibre generally means fibres consisting of at least two types of polymers having different melting points.
• bicomponent fibres are used from two coaxially extruded polymers, where the high melting polymer is arranged at the centre and the low melting polymer is outside.
• the arrangement of the two polymers in the thread-like fibre structure must not be intended as limiting.
• bicomponent fibres may be used wherein portions of a polymer and portions of the other polymer alternate in longitudinal direction.
• Staple fibres are first subject to a series of operations (in se known) aimed at obtaining a mass of material as homogeneous as possible. [0054] If the sheathing is made with fibres having different composition, the mixing of the different fibres is also envisaged at this stage.
• the fibres are processed by carding machines for making fibre webs.
• the fibre webs are then overlapped by a card web device according to one or more different preferential orientations (for example, longitudinal and/or transversal) for creating a fibre pad of the desired basic weight. It is also possible to arrange the fibres in an irregular manner (random fibres), optionally in a portion only of the pad.
• two cross carding machines and a longitudinal carding machine are provided, whose respective processing lines are connected at the card web device.
• feeding the carding machines with fibres of different composition it is possible to make pads formed by layers featuring not just different preferential orientation of the fibres, but also (or as an alternative) by different fibre composition (for example, layer with polyester fibres and layer with polypropylene fibres, or layer with monocomponent polyester fibres and layer with bicomponent polyester fibres, or still layers having different mixtures of fibres).
• a step of pre-wetting the product being processed may be provided.
• the pad is squeezed by a perforated cylinder, which compacts the pad itself while sprinkling it with water. In this way it is possible to reduce the pad thickness and eject the air trapped therein.
• the fibres forming the pad are physically "linked" to one another by needle punching.
• the non-woven fabric is made by the technology known by the name of "SPUNLACE", which consists in a needle punching of the staple fibres by spunlacing.
• thermo-plastic fibres are used the temperatures and the standing times of the pad within the furnace are selected so that the low melting component reaches the fusion so as to allow the various fibres to link to each other and once cooled, to stiffen the material.
• thermo-plastic fibres for example, polypropylene
• the temperatures and the standing times of the pad within the furnace are selected so that the thermo-plastic fibres soften without melting completely, so as to link to each other and to the other fibres without losing their thread-like shape.
• the furnace treatment step may also be carried out for drying purpose only, avoiding the fibre softening or melting.
• the pad may be subject - prior to cooling - to a calendering step to obtain a smaller thickness and a smoother surface, and thus facilitate the subsequent processes.
• calendering may be carried out in hot or cold conditions.
• calendering is carried out with smooth calenders. In this way, especially when hot calendering is adopted, the forming of localised melting points on the pad surface is prevented, which in operation, that is, with the sheathing in contact with the electrode terminals, would make zones of higher electrical resistance.
• the non-woven fabric is in the form of sheets that may be rolled up for optional storage.
• non-woven sheets are then subject to resin-bonding, according to known techniques.
• Non-woven sheets are then cut to the desired size based on the size of the electrodes to be coated.
• the sheathing according to the invention is obtained by overlapping two sheets of non-woven fabric of suitable size. The two sheets are then connected to each other by sewing along parallel lines forming pockets intended for seating the electrode terminals.
• thermo-forming fibres Operatively, during the thermo-forming step such temperatures are achieved as to allow the softening/melting of the thermo-forming fibres and/or the complete cross-linking of any bonding resins therein.
• staple fibres allows imparting higher thickness evenness as compared to the use of spunbond fibres. This is essentially due to the possibility of compacting short fibres to one another better than with spunbond fibres.
• such effect is further increased if low count staple fibres are used, that is, in particular comprised between 0.1 and 2.5 dTex.
• the punching by spunlacing allows obtaining a product with a "closer" structure, meaning that the fibres are bonded in a more effective and even manner.
• Spunlacing further allows using lower count fibres, with the further advantage of obtaining an end product with higher density and more even surface features. This imparts greater regularity of performance to the sheathing.
• the thermo- forming fibres consist of bicomponent polyester fibres, that is, fibres consisting of two coaxially extruded polyesters, where at the centre a first polyester is arranged melting at a higher temperature than that of thermo-forming of the same sheathing (for example a normal polyester melting at about 260 0 C), whereas a second polyester is arranged outside melting at a temperature equal to or below the thermo-forming temperature of the sheathing (for example melting between 11O 0 C and 160 0 C).
• bicomponent polyester fibres that is, fibres consisting of two coaxially extruded polyesters, where at the centre a first polyester is arranged melting at a higher temperature than that of thermo-forming of the same sheathing (for example a normal polyester melting at about 260 0 C), whereas a second polyester is arranged outside melting at a temperature equal to or below the thermo-forming temperature of the sheathing (for example melting between 11O 0 C and 160 0 C).
• the non-woven fabric preferably comprises polyester fibres (monocomponent) comprised between 40% and 60% of the total fibre present, and bicomponent polyester fibres comprised between 40% and 60% of the total fibre in the TNT.
• the polyester of the monocomponent fibres will be for example of the same type that makes the core of the bicomponent fibres and in any case, it will have a melting temperature higher than that of polyester that makes the skirt of the bicomponent fibres.
• the non-woven fabric may be 100% made of bicomponent polyester fibres.
• this type of fibre i.e. bicomponent polyester fibres
• the non-woven fabric can comprise bicomponent polyester fibres comprised between 40% and 60% of the total fibre of the non-woven fabric and polypropylene fibres comprised between 40% and 60% of the total fibre of non-woven fabric.
• the thermo-formability is mainly ensured by the bicomponent polyester fibres.
• the polypropylene fibres can contribute to the thermo-formability of the sheathing if the skirt polyester has a melting temperature close to that of polypropylene ( ⁇ 16O 0 C).
• the non-woven fabric can comprise monocomponent polyester fibres comprised between 40% and 60% of the total fibre of the non-woven fabric and polypropylene fibres comprised between 40% and 60% of the total fibre of non-woven fabric.
• the thermo-formability is mainly ensured by the polypropylene fibres, the polyester preferably having a melting point (for example ⁇ 230 0 C) higher than that of polypropylene ( ⁇ 160°C).
• staple fibres may be conveniently combined with other resin-bonded fibres with thermo-forming synthetic resin, such as styrene- butadiene or acrylic resins, or with polypropylene fibres because, type of fibres used being equal, a sheathing with staple fibres exhibits a more homogeneous thickness (and the optional use of spunlacing allows optimum closing of fibres and absence of needle crops) compared to known type sheathing.
• thermo-forming synthetic resin such as styrene- butadiene or acrylic resins
• polypropylene fibres because, type of fibres used being equal, a sheathing with staple fibres exhibits a more homogeneous thickness (and the optional use of spunlacing allows optimum closing of fibres and absence of needle crops) compared to known type sheathing.
• the non-woven fabric may be entirely made of polypropylene fibres.
• the fibres may be also be of the resin bonded type.
• the TNT may for example consist of: [0095] - staple fibres comprised between 80% and 90% by weight of the non-woven fabric,
• such bonding resin consists of styrene-butadiene or acrylic resins.
• the staple fibres may consist of polyester fibres
• polyester fibres in an amount comprised between 80% and 90% (by weight) of the total fibres present, and
• a preferred embodiment envisages, in particular, on the total fibres present,
• polyester fibres monocomponent
• polypropylene fibres 85% (by weight) of polypropylene
• the fibres may comprise:
• polyester fibres (monocomponent) in an amount comprised between 80% and 90% (by weight) of the total fibres present
• - bicomponent polyester fibres in an amount comprised between 10% and 20% (by weight) of the total fibres present.
• a preferred embodiment envisages, in particular, on the total fibres present, 85% (by weight) of polyester fibres (monocomponent) and the balance 15% of bicomponent polyester fibres.
• the non-woven fabric used to make the multitubular sheathing exhibits layers that differ in the preferential orientation of the fibres.
• the non-woven fabric pad is made so as to exhibit a layer with fibres having a preferential longitudinal pattern at the side intended to contact the electrode terminals.
• the rest of the pad on the other hand consists of one or more layers of fibres with random orientation (random) or having preferential cross patterns (optionally in turn crossed with one another).
• the side or the layer of the pad intended to contact the terminals shall be defined as inner side or layer.
• the longitudinal orientation of fibres in the inner layer facilitates the sliding of the spindles inside the pockets in the thermo- forming step, further allowing a controlled narrowing of the non-woven fabric.
• Such longitudinal orientation further favours the filling of the tubular pockets with the lead oxide (active matter laid on the terminals) as it makes the contact between sheathing and active matter smoother.
• Such orientation further increases the retaining effect of the sheathing against the active matter.
• the other layers of the pad having preferential cross orientations on the other hand impart a mechanical resistance to the sheathing in all directions, also ensuring elasticity to the sheathing.
• the pad shape with inner layer having fibres mainly oriented in longitudinal direction may be adopted both if the material resin-bonding is envisaged and if such process is not envisaged.
• the pad in such a way that the layers are made of fibres having different composition.
• the fibres of the inner pad layer are 100% polyester (monocomponent) and exhibit a preferential longitudinal orientation.
• the other layers of the pad may consist of polyester fibres (monocomponent or bicomponent) or polypropylene fibres, neat or in a mixture with each other.
• Solutions may be provided with the inner layer made up of mixtures of different fibres or fibres not made of polyester.
• Staple fibres of two types are used as raw material: monocomponent polyester fibres with a melting point equal to about 260 0 C, count equal to 1.7 dTex and cut of 38 mm; bicomponent polyester fibres (PES of the skirt with melting point of about 160 0 C; PES of the core with a melting point of about 26O 0 C) count equal to 2.2 dTex and cut of 51 mm.
• monocomponent polyester fibres with a melting point equal to about 260 0 C, count equal to 1.7 dTex and cut of 38 mm bicomponent polyester fibres (PES of the skirt with melting point of about 160 0 C; PES of the core with a melting point of about 26O 0 C) count equal to 2.2 dTex and cut of 51 mm.
• the system envisages two cross carding machines and a longitudinal carding machine.
• the cross carding machines are fed with 83% by weight of monocomponent polyester fibres and 17% of bicomponent polyester fibres.
• the longitudinal carding machine is fed with monocomponent polyester fibres only.
• the pad in output from the card web device has a basic weight equal to 125 g/m2 of fibre, whereof 15 g/m 2 resulting from fibres processed by the longitudinal carding machine and 110 g/m 2 resulting from the fibres processed by the cross carding machines.
• the pad is subject to pre-wetting and then needle punching by spunlacing.
• a furnace treatment step follows to allow the bicomponent polyester fibres to soften/melt and thus bond with each other and with the other fibres.
• the pad is then subject to hot calendering with smooth calenders.
• the pad is then subject to resin bonding.
• acrylic resin is applied by impregnation to bring the end basic weight of the pad to 150 g/m 2 .
• the material thus obtained is in the shape of sheets.
• the sheets may undergo a first cut to bring them to the desired size before they are sewn by twos to make the multitubular sheathing. A thermo-forming, cooling and end cutting step will then follow. [00123]
• Example 2
• the process was as in example 1, but using only staple fibres of monocomponent polyester as raw material, with a melting point equal to about 260 0 C, count equal to 1.7 dTex and cut of 38 mm.
• the cross carding machines and the longitudinal carding machine have then been fed with monocomponent polyester fibres only, obtaining in output from the card web device a pad with a basic weight equal to 120 g/m2 of fibre, whereof 15 g/m 2 resulting from fibres processed by the longitudinal carding machine and 105 g/m 2 resulting from the fibres processed by the cross carding machines.
• the pad is subject to pre-wetting and then needle punching by spunlacing. A furnace treatment step follows to allow the pad to dry up, but without softening the polyester fibres.
• Staple fibres of two types are used as raw material: monocomponent polyester fibres with a melting point equal to about 260 0 C, count equal to 1.7 dTex and cut of 38 mm; bicomponent polyester fibres (PES of the skirt with melting point of about 160 0 C; PES of the core with a melting point of about 260 0 C) count equal to
• the system envisages two cross carding machines and a longitudinal carding machine.
• the cross carding machines are fed with 55% by weight of monocomponent polyester fibres and 45% of bicomponent polyester fibres.
• the longitudinal carding machine is fed with monocomponent polyester fibres only.
• the pad in output from the card web device has a basic weight equal to
• the pad is subject to pre-wetting and then needle punching by spunlacing.
• a furnace treatment step follows to allow the bicomponent polyester fibres to soften/melt and thus bond with each other and with the other fibres.
• the pad is then subject to hot calendering with smooth calenders.
• the material thus obtained is in the shape of sheets.
• the sheets may undergo a first cut to bring them to the desired size before they are sewn by twos to make the multitubular sheathing. A thermo-forming, cooling and end cutting step will then follow. [00136]
• Example 5 The material thus obtained is in the shape of sheets.
• the sheets may undergo a first cut to bring them to the desired size before they are sewn by twos to make the multitubular sheathing. A thermo-forming, cooling and end cutting step will then follow.
• multitubular sheathing made according to the invention exhibits lower electrical resistance as compared to known sheathing made with spunbonding technology.
• the first sheath (A) according to the invention is made as in example 2
• the second sheath (B) according to the invention is made as in example 5.
• the known type sheath (C) is made with spunbonding technology (SPUNBOND) of resin bonded polyester fibres with basic weight of 150 g/m 2 .
• sheathing made according to the invention exhibits a higher filtering capacity with mixtures of lead oxides in aqueous solution as compared to the market standard.
• the experimental tests conducted have allowed to determined that on the average, in the liquid filtered by sheathing made according to the invention, there are 50 to 100 g of lead oxide by litre of filtered solution less than known sheathing made by spunbonding.
• a multitubular sheathing for positive electrodes to be inserted in industrial batteries for "electrical drive” and/or “energy reserve” is achieved with the present finding, which exhibits greater thickness evenness. Such thickness evenness in particular ensures higher filtering capacity against lead oxides.
• non-woven fabric made starting from staple fibres has allowed obtaining a sheathing with a more compact and homogeneous structure that in particular ensures more constant and lower electrical resistance. These features are enhanced adopting a needle punching system by spunlacing.
• the sheathing consists of a TNT that by virtue of the spunlacing technology used is free from needle crops.
• thermo-bonding polyester fibres makes the procurement costs be particularly low and in any case less than those of synthetic bonding resins.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Primary Cells (AREA)
• Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

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