WO2008067723A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour traiter des eaux usées contenant du fluor au moyen de la chaux - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour traiter des eaux usées contenant du fluor au moyen de la chaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008067723A1
WO2008067723A1 PCT/CN2007/003413 CN2007003413W WO2008067723A1 WO 2008067723 A1 WO2008067723 A1 WO 2008067723A1 CN 2007003413 W CN2007003413 W CN 2007003413W WO 2008067723 A1 WO2008067723 A1 WO 2008067723A1
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tank
fluorine
limestone
reaction
tower
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PCT/CN2007/003413
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Fada Xie
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Fada Xie
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Publication of WO2008067723A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008067723A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/12Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
    • C02F2101/14Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of industrial wastewater treatment, in particular to a method and a device for treating fluorine-containing waste water with limestone.
  • the advantage of "lime method” is that the treatment process is simple and the cost is relatively low, so it is widely used, and its disadvantage is that the solubility of lime aqueous solution is small.
  • the solubility product Ks P 5. 5X10, and the commonly used lime water is an emulsion containing a large amount of solid particles, and the amount of slag is large, so the effective utilization rate when treating wastewater is low, especially by this method.
  • the concentration of fluoride ions in the wastewater is still 10-20 mg / L, which is difficult to meet the emission requirements of ⁇ 10 mg / L.
  • the second is the "soluble calcium salt method", which is characterized by directly adding soluble calcium salts with high solubility and obtaining calcium ions.
  • the defluorination reaction rate is very fast, and the compliance rate of the treated wastewater is very high, but the added solubility is very high.
  • As a chemical raw material calcium salt is relatively expensive and the treatment cost is much higher than that of the lime method. This method is generally applicable to wastewater treatment with small wastewater discharge and low fluorine content.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for treating fluorine-containing wastewater with limestone, which is scientific in structure, simple in process, high in processing efficiency, low in cost, and easily accepted by the market.
  • the method for treating fluorine-containing wastewater with limestone of the present invention is as follows: using limestone as a raw material, an acid capable of forming a soluble calcium salt when chemically reacting with limestone is used as an intermediate medium, and utilizing soluble calcium salt and fluorine-containing wastewater generated in the reaction
  • the fluoride ion reacts to form calcium fluoride and an intermediate medium which are poorly soluble in water, and then the intermediate medium regenerated by the reaction chemically reacts with limestone to form a soluble calcium salt, and the solubility formed by the reaction
  • the calcium salt reacts with the fluoride ion in the fluorine-containing waste water to form calcium fluoride and an intermediate medium which are hardly soluble in water, and thus circulates in order to treat the fluorine-containing waste water until the discharge standard is reached. .
  • the apparatus for treating fluorine-containing wastewater with limestone based on the method of the present invention the basic facility comprising a reaction tank, a circulation pump and a neutralization tower, the circulation pump being disposed on the infusion pipeline between the reaction tank and the neutralization tower, the neutralization tower and There is a return pipe between the reaction tanks, and the neutralization tower is filled with granular limestone.
  • the reaction tank contains fluorine-containing wastewater.
  • the intermediate medium is firstly placed in a reaction tank containing fluorine-containing waste water, and after mixing, the mixed liquid is sent to the neutralization tower by a circulation pump, and the intermediate medium is chemically reacted with limestone (CaC0 3 ) in the neutralization tower.
  • the generated soluble calcium salt calcium chloride is returned to the reaction tank through a return pipe, and is in the fluorine-containing wastewater Defluorination of hydrogen fluoride (HF):
  • CaF2 poorly soluble calcium fluoride
  • HC1 intermediate medium hydrochloric acid
  • the "intermittent" treatment method can be adopted.
  • the basic facilities of the treatment device include a reaction tank, a circulation pump, a neutralization tower, a sedimentation tank and a mud pool, and the circulation pump is set.
  • a reflux pipeline is arranged between the neutralization tower and the reaction tank, and the settling tank is provided with a standard water discharge port and a sludge discharge port.
  • a small amount of intermediate medium is firstly placed in a reaction tank containing fluorine-containing waste water, and after mixing, the mixed liquid is sent to the neutralization tower by a circulation pump, and the intermediate medium is chemically oxidized with limestone (CaC0 3 ) in the neutralization tower.
  • the reaction forms a soluble calcium salt and returns to the reaction tank through a reflux pipe to defluorinate with hydrogen fluoride in the fluorine-containing wastewater to form a poorly soluble calcium fluoride precipitate and a regeneration intermediate medium, which is then pumped to the neutralization column.
  • the cycle is repeated until the defluorination reaction is completed and the hydrogen fluoride content in the reaction tank reaches the standard.
  • the treated waste liquid is discharged into the sedimentation tank, and the solid-liquid separation is performed after the sedimentation, and the standard water discharge and the calcium fluoride sediment are discharged. After drying in the mud pool, it is treated as pollution-free landfill.
  • the basic facilities of the treatment device include a reaction tank, a circulation pump and a neutralization tower, and a homogenization tank, a separation tower, and an intermediate tank. , a secondary pump, a secondary neutralization tower, an aeration tower, a flocculation tank, a mud pump, a multi-stage sedimentation tank and a sludge tank, wherein: the homogenization tank is disposed between the liquid discharge port of the fluorine-containing wastewater and the reaction tank, and is circulated
  • the pump is arranged on the infusion line between the reaction tank and the neutralization tower, and the separation tower is arranged on the overflow port of the neutralization tower.
  • the intermediate tank on the return pipe between the reaction tank is disposed on the infusion pipe communicating with the overflow port on the neutralization tower, the secondary pump is disposed between the intermediate pool and the secondary neutralization tower, and the aeration tower is disposed at two
  • a multi-stage settling tank with a mud pump and a standard water discharge port and a sludge tank disposed behind the mud pump are disposed between the overflow port of the stage neutralization tower and the flocculation tank, and after the flocculation tank.
  • the fluorine-containing wastewater continuously flows into the homogenization tank, and the fluorine-containing wastewater added to the intermediate medium flows into the reaction tank after homogenization and equalization in the homogenization tank, and is then pumped by circulation to the neutralization tower and limestone ( CaC0 3 ) reacts to form soluble calcium salt.
  • the neutralization tower and limestone ( CaC0 3 ) reacts to form soluble calcium salt.
  • the soluble calcium salt separated from the solid particles by the separation tower is refluxed to the reaction tank to defluorinate with hydrogen fluoride in the fluorine-containing wastewater to form calcium fluoride.
  • the intermediate medium another mixed solution containing soluble calcium salt and residual acid flows into the intermediate tank and is transported by the secondary pump to the secondary neutralization tower to react with limestone (CaC0 3 ), and the generated carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) gas is exposed.
  • the gas tower is degassed, the wastewater flows into the flocculation tank, the pH value is adjusted to about 8 with alkali (NaOH), and the flocculant (polyaluminum chloride) is added at the same time. After being stirred by the compressed air, it overflows from the flocculation tank and passes through multiple stages.
  • the sedimentation tank is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the precipitated residue (calcium fluoride) is input into the sludge tank by the mud pump, and the dried calcium fluoride can be used for other purposes, and the clarified water discharged to the standard is discharged or recycled. use.
  • the precipitated residue calcium fluoride
  • the method and apparatus for treating fluorine-containing waste water with limestone since the main treatment agent limestone used therein is an easily available natural raw material, and does not need to be specially processed by humans, hydrochloric acid is added only in a small amount at the beginning of startup. Therefore, the raw material cost is very low, and the necessary facilities in the whole process are simple, and the size and quantity of the reaction tank and the neutralization tower can be determined according to the amount of fluorine-containing wastewater to be treated, and hydrochloric acid added as a reaction medium at the start of work is started. It is automatically circulated and produced between the reaction tank and the neutralization tower. The treated water can still be used for industrial application. The water-insoluble precipitate formed by the reaction can be used for other purposes after recovery.
  • the stone of the present invention The method and device for continuously treating fluorine-containing wastewater by limestone, compared with the prior art fluorine-containing wastewater treatment method, does not need to put a special and expensive soluble calcium salt (CaCl 2 ), and does not need to be equipped with special quicklime
  • the pool of smelting lime has the advantages of reliable work, simple basic facilities, small auxiliary workload and low processing cost.
  • the method for treating fluorine-containing wastewater by using limestone in the invention is not only suitable for the treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater mainly composed of hydrogen fluoride, but also for the treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater with soluble fluoride salt and hydrofluoric acid, and can also be used for other acidic wastewater. deal with. Therefore, it has remarkable technological advancement, good economy and strong practicability. It is an effective wastewater treatment method and worthy of promotion and application.
  • Figure 1 is a working principle diagram of a method based on the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the process flow of Example 1 for treating fluorine-containing wastewater based on the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the process flow of Example 2 for treating fluorine-containing wastewater by the method of the present invention.
  • the apparatus for treating fluorine-containing wastewater with limestone comprises a reaction tank 1, a circulation pump 2, and a neutralization tower 3, and the circulation pump 2 is disposed between the reaction tank 1 and the neutralization tower 3.
  • a reflux conduit 5 is disposed between the neutralization tower 3 and the reaction tank 1, and the neutralization tower 3 is charged.
  • Filled with limestone (CaC0 3 ) the reaction tank 1 contains fluorine-containing wastewater.
  • the intermediate medium hydrochloric acid (HC1) is firstly placed in the reaction tank 1 containing the fluorine-containing waste water, and after mixing, the mixed liquid is pumped by the circulation pump 2 to the neutralization tower 3, and the hydrochloric acid (HC1) is in the neutralization tower.
  • the generated calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) is returned to the reaction cell 1 through the reflux line 5, and defluorination reaction occurs with hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the fluorine-containing wastewater:
  • a poorly soluble calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) precipitate and hydrochloric acid (HC1) are formed, and the regenerated hydrochloric acid (HC1) is pumped to the neutralization column 3 to chemically react with limestone (CaCO 3 ), and then The soluble calcium salt calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) is formed and circulated until the defluorination reaction in the reaction cell 1 is completed and the hydrogen fluoride (HF) content reaches the discharge standard of 10 mg/L.
  • Embodiment 1 "Gap type” processing method
  • the basic facility of the apparatus for treating fluorine-containing wastewater with limestone of the present invention comprises a reaction tank 1, a circulation pump 2, a neutralization tower 3, and a sedimentation tank 6 when used for treating fluorine-containing wastewater having a small daily output.
  • the circulation pump 2 is disposed on the infusion pipe 4 between the reaction cell 1 and the neutralization tower 3
  • the reflux pipe 5 is disposed between the neutralization tower 3 and the reaction cell 1
  • the sedimentation tank 6 is provided with a standard water discharge port and Sludge discharge port.
  • hydrochloric acid (HC1) is firstly placed in the reaction tank 1 containing fluorine-containing waste water, and after mixing, the mixed liquid is pumped by the circulation pump 2 to the neutralization tower 3, and hydrochloric acid (HC1) is in the middle.
  • the column 3 chemically reacts with limestone (CaC0 3 ) to form calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and returns to the reaction cell 1 through the return pipe 5, and defluorination reaction with hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the fluorine-containing wastewater
  • HF hydrogen fluoride
  • HC1 hydrochloric acid
  • the regenerated hydrochloric acid (HC1 ) is pumped to the neutralization column 3, and the cycle is repeated until the defluorination reaction is completed, in the reaction cell 1
  • the treated waste liquid is discharged into the sedimentation tank 6, and the solid-liquid separation is carried out after the sedimentation, and the discharged water is discharged, and the calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) precipitate is discharged into the mud pool and dried for use.
  • the apparatus for continuously treating fluorine-containing wastewater by using limestone in the present invention is relatively complicated, and the basic facilities of the treatment device include a reaction tank 1 and a circulation pump 2
  • the neutralization tower 3 there are also a homogenization tank 8, a separation tower 9, an intermediate tank 10, a secondary pump 11, a secondary neutralization tower 12, an aeration tower 13, a flocculation tank 14, a mud pump 15, and a plurality of stages.
  • the homogenization tank 8 is disposed between the liquid discharge port of the fluorine-containing waste water and the reaction tank 1
  • the circulation pump 2 is disposed on the infusion pipe 4 between the reaction cell 1 and the neutralization tower 3
  • the separation tower 9 is set in the neutralization
  • the intermediate tank 10 is disposed on the infusion line 18 communicating with the overflow port on the neutralization tower 3
  • the secondary pump 11 is disposed in the intermediate tank
  • the aeration tower 13 is disposed between the overflow port of the secondary middle and the tower 12 and the flocculation tank 14, and after the flocculation tank 14, a mud pump 15 and a standard water are provided.
  • the multistage settling tank 16 and the sludge tank 17 of the discharge port 19 are provided.
  • the fluorine-containing wastewater first flows into the homogenization tank 7, and is added to the intermediate medium hydrochloric acid (HC1), then homogenized and homogenized through the homogenization tank 7, and then flows into the reaction tank 1, and is pumped by the circulation pump 2 to the neutralization tower 3.
  • HC1 intermediate medium hydrochloric acid
  • the secondary pump 11 is sent to the secondary neutralization tower 12 to react with limestone (CaC0 3 ) to generate carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) gas.
  • the gas is degassed by the aeration tower 13, and the wastewater flows into the flocculation tank 14 to adjust the pH value to about 8 with alkali (NaOH), and at the same time, a flocculant (polyaluminum chloride) is added, and the multistage sedimentation tank 16 is stirred by the compressed air.
  • the solid-liquid separation is carried out, and the calcium fluoride waste residue obtained by the precipitation is input into the sludge tank 17 by the mud pump 15, and dried for use for other purposes, and the clarified water is discharged or recycled.

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Description

一种用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法及其装置 技术领域
本发明涉及工业废水处理技术领域, 特别是一种用石灰石处理含氟废 水的方法及其装置。
背景技术
我国是一个氟化学工业迅速发展的大国, 对含氟废水的环保处理历来 十分重视, 目前常用的处理含氟废水的方法主要有两大类: 其一为 "石灰 法", 目前用得比较普遍, 约占现有处理装置的 90%以上, 其工作原理是将 生石灰 (CaO )水解后生成的石灰水溶液 (Ca ( 0H ) 2 ) 电离后与废水中的 氟离子作 "脱氟" 反应、 生成难溶于水的氟化钙 (CaF2 ), 经沉降后与水分 离, "石灰法"的优点是处理工艺简单、成本相对较低, 因而获得广泛应用, 其缺点是石灰水溶液的溶解度较小, 其溶度积 KsP=5. 5X10 ,且常用的石 灰水是内含大量固体颗粒的乳浊液,含渣量大,因而处理废水时的有效利用 率很低,尤其是用该方法处理后的废水中氟离子的浓度仍有 10-20mg/L,很 '难达到 < 1 0 mg/L 的排放标准要求。 其二为 "可溶性钙盐法", 其特点是 直接加入溶解度较大的可溶性钙盐、并获得钙离子, 脱氟反应的速度很快、 处理废水的达标率又非常高,但是所加入的可溶性钙盐作为一种化工原料, 价格比较昂贵、 处理成本比石灰法提高幅度很大, 这种方法一般适用于废 水排放量小、 且含氟量低的废水处理中。
发明内容 本发明的目的是要提供一种结构科学且工艺简单、 处理效率高且成本 低、 容易被市场接受的用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法及其装置。
本发明的用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法是这样的: 以石灰石作为原料、 以与石灰石发生化学反应时能生成可溶性钙盐的酸作为中间介质, 利用反 应中生成的可溶性钙盐与含氟废水中的氟离子发生反应生成难溶于水的氟 化钙和中间介质, 再由所述的反应中再生的中间介质与石灰石进行化学反 应生成可溶性钙盐, 再由所述的反应中生成的可溶性钙盐与含氟废水中的 氟离子发生反应生成难溶于水的氟化钙和中间介质, 如此依次循环, 处理 含氟废水, 直至达到排放标准。 .
以选用盐酸为例作为中间介质、 选用氟化氢 (HF ) 为例作为含氟废水 中的氟化合物, 本发明的用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法所涉及的化学反应 方程式如下:
CaC03 + 2HCl→CaCl2 + C02† +H20 . CaCl2 + 2HF→CaF2 4 + 2HC1
基于本发明方法的用石灰石处理含氟废水的装置, 其基本设施包含有 反应池、 循环泵和中和塔, 循环泵设置在反应池与中和塔之间的输液管道 上, 中和塔与反应池之间设置有回流管道, 中和塔中充填有颗粒状石灰石
( CaC03 ), 反应池盛放有含氟废水。 工作时先向盛放有含氟废水的反应池 中投放中间介质, 经混合后由循环泵将混合液送至中和塔中, 中间介质在 中和塔内与石灰石 (CaC03 )发生化学反应:
CaC03 + 2HCl→CaCl2 + C02† +H20
生成的可溶性钙盐氯化钙经回流管道返回反应池中, 与含氟废水中的 氟化氢 (HF )发生脱氟反应:
' CaC l2 + 2HF→CaF2 4 + 2HC1
生成难溶性氟化钙 (CaF2 ) 沉淀物和中间介质盐酸(HC1 ), 该再生的 中间介质盐酸(HC1 ) 又随混合液被泵送至中和塔中与石灰石 (CaC03 )发 生化学反应, 于是又生成可溶性钙盐氯化钙 (CaCh ), 依次循环, 直至反 应池中脱氟反应完成、 氟化氢 (HF ) 的含量达到排放标准 10mg/L为止。
在具体实施中, 对于日产量较少的含氟废水可以釆用 "间歇式" 处理 方法, 处理装置的基本设施包含有反应池、 循环泵、 中和塔、 沉降池和泥 浆池, 循环泵设置在反应池和中和塔之间的输液管道上, 中和塔与反应池 之间设置有回流管道, 沉降池上设置有达标水排出口和污泥排放口。 工作 时先向盛放有含氟废水的反应池中投放少量中间介质, 经混合后由循环泵 将混合液送至中和塔中, 中间介质在中和塔内与石灰石(CaC03 )发生化学 反应生成可溶性钙盐并经回流管道返回反应池中, 与含氟废水中的氟化氢 发生脱氟反应生成难溶性氟化钙沉淀物和再生中间介质, 该中间介质再被 泵送至中和塔中, 如此反复循环, 直至脱氟反应完成、 反应池中氟化氢含 量达标为止, 然后将处理后的废液排入沉降池中, 待沉淀后固液分离, 达 标清水排放、 氟化钙沉淀物排入泥浆池中干燥后作无公害填埋处理。
对于日产量较大的含氟废水可釆用 "连续式" 处理方法, 处理装置的 基本设施除包含有反应池、 循环泵和中和塔外, 还设置有均质池、 分离塔、 中间池、 二级泵、 二级中和塔、 曝气塔、 絮凝池、 泥浆泵、 多级沉降池和 污泥池, 其中: 均质池设置在含氟废水的排液口与反应池之间, 循环泵设 置在反应池和中和塔之间的输液管道上, 分离塔设置在中和塔上的溢流口 与反应池之间的回流管道上 中间池设置在与中和塔上的溢流口相连通的 输液管道上, 二级泵设置在中间池与二级中和塔之间, 曝气塔设置在二级 中和塔的溢流口与絮凝池之间、 在絮凝池之后设置有带泥浆泵和达标水排 出口的多级沉降池和与设置在泥浆泵后的污泥池。
工作时, 含氟废水源源不断地流入均质池中, 加入中间介质后的含氟 废水在均质池内均质和均量后流入反应池中后由循环泵送至中和塔内与石 灰石(CaC03 )反应生成可溶性钙盐, 从溢流口流出后, 其一路经分离塔分 离掉固体颗粒物后的可溶性钙盐回流至反应池中与含氟废水中的氟化氢进 行脱氟反应生成氟化钙和中间介质, 另一路含有可溶性钙盐和残留酸性的 混合溶液流入中间池后由二级泵输送至二级中和塔中与石灰石(CaC03 )反 应、 生成的二氧化碳 (C02 ) 气体由曝气塔脱气、 废水流入絮凝池中用碱 ( NaOH )调节 PH值至 8左右, 同时加入絮凝剂 (聚合氯化铝),, 经压缩空 气鼓泡搅拌后从絮凝池中溢出、 经多级沉淀池进行固液分离, 沉淀得到的 废渣(氟化钙) 由泥浆泵输入至污泥池中, 经干燥后的氟化钙可作他用, 澄清后的达标水向外排放或回收利用。
基于上述构思的本发明用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法及其装置, 由于 其中所用的主要处理剂石灰石是易得的天然原料,不需要人为地特别加工, 盐酸仅在启动的开始阶段少量添加, 因而原料成本很低, 而且在整个处理 的过程中的必备设施简单、 且可以依据需要处理含氟废水的量决定反应池 和中和塔的大小和数量, 开始工作时加入的盐酸作为反应介质在反应池和 中和塔之间自动循环消耗和产生,经处理后的达标水可以仍供工业上应用, 反应生成的不溶于水沉淀物, 回收后仍可作他用。 由上可见, 本发明用石 灰石连续处理含氟废水的方法及其装置, 与现有技术的含氟废水处理方法 相比, 不需要投放专用的、 价格昂贵的可溶性钙盐 (CaCl 2 ), 也不需要配 备专用的生石灰和化石灰的池子, 具有工作可靠、 基本设施简单、 辅助工 作量小和处理成本低等优点。 而且, 本发明用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法 不仅适用于以氟化氢为主体的含氟废水处理, 也适用于有可溶性氟盐、 氟 酸存在的含氟废水处理, 还可以用于其他酸性废水的处理。 因而具有显著 的技术先进性、. 很佳的经济性和极强的实用性, 是一种行之有效的废水处 理方法, 值得推广应用。
附图说明 '
图 1是基于本发明方法的工作原理图;
图 2是基于本发明方法处理含氟废水的实施例 1的工艺流程示意图; 图 3是碁于本发明方法处理含氟废水的实施例 2的工艺流程示意图。 图中:
I.反应池 2.循环泵 3.中和塔 4.输液管道 5.回流管道 6.沉降池 7.泥浆池 8.均质池. 9.分离塔 10.中间'池
I I.二级泵 12.二级中和塔 13.曝气塔 14.絮凝池 15.泥浆泵 16.多级沉降池 17.污泥池 18.输液管道 19.达标水排出口 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和典型实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
在图 1 中, 本发明方法的用石灰石处理含氟废水的装置中包含有反应 池 1、循环泵 2和中和塔 3 , 循环泵 2设置在反应池 1与中和塔 3之间的输 液管道 4上, 中和塔 3与反应池 1之间设置有回流管道 5, 中和塔 3中充 填有石灰石 (CaC03), 反应池 1 中盛放有含氟废水。 工作时先向盛放有含 氟废水的反应池 1中投放中间介质盐酸(HC1 ), 经混合后由循环泵 2将混 合液泵送至中和塔 3中, 盐酸(HC1)在中和塔 3 内与石灰石 (CaC03)发 生化学反应:
CaC03+ 2HCl→CaCl2 + C02† +H20
生成的氯化钙 (CaCl2)经回流管道 5返回反应池 1中, 与含氟废水中 的氟化氢 (HF)发生脱氟反应:
CaCl2 + 2HF→ CaF2 I + 2HC1
生成难溶性氟化钙( CaF2 )沉淀物和盐酸( HC1 ), 该再生的盐酸( HC1 ) 又随混合液被泵送至中和塔 3中与石灰石(CaC03)发生化学反应, 于是又 生成可溶性钙盐氯化钙 (CaCl2), 依次循环, 直至反应池 1 中脱氟反应完 成、 氟化氢 (HF) 的含量达到排放标准 10mg/L为止。
实施例一: "间隙式" 处理法
在图 2中, 当用于处理日产量较少的含氟废水时, 本发明用石灰石处 理含氟废水的装置的基本设施包含有反应池 1、 循环泵 2、 中和塔 3、 沉降 池 6和泥浆池 7。 其中: 循环泵 2设置在反应池 1和中和塔 3之间的输液 管道 4上, 中和塔 3与反应池 1之间设置有回流管道 5, 沉降池 6上设置 有达标水排出口和污泥排放口。
工作时, 先向盛放有含氟废水的反应池 1 中投放少量中间介质盐酸 (HC1 ), 经混合后由循环泵 2将混合液泵送至中和塔 3中, 盐酸(HC1 )在 中和塔 3内与石灰石 (CaC03)发生化学反应生成氯化钙 (CaCl2), 并经回 流管道 5返回反应池 1中, 与含氟废水中的氟化氢 (HF)发生脱氟反应生 成难溶性氟化钙 (CaF2)沉淀物和盐酸(HC1 ), 该再生的盐酸(HC1 )再被 泵送至中和塔 3中, 如此反复循环, 直至脱氟反应完成、 反应池 1中氟化 氢含量达标为止, 然后将处理后的废液排入沉降池 6 中, 待沉淀后固液分 离, 达标清水排放、 氟化钙 (CaF2)沉淀物排入泥浆池中干燥后作他用。
实施例二: "连续式" 处理法
在图 3中, 当用于处理日产较大量的含氟废水时, 本发明用石灰石连 续处理含氟废水的装置设施相对比较复杂些, 处理装置的基本设施除包含 有反应池 1、 循环泵 2和中和塔 3外, 还设置有均质池 8、 分离塔 9、 中间 池 10、 二级泵 11、 二级中和塔 12、 曝气塔 13、 絮凝池 14、 泥浆泵 15、 多 级沉降池 16和污泥池 17。 其中: 均质池 8设置在含氟废水的排液口与反 应池 1之间, 循环泵 2设置在反应池 1和中和塔 3之间的输液管道 4上, 分离塔 9设置在中和塔 3上的溢流口与反应池 1之间的回流管道 5上, 中 间池 10设置在与中和塔 3上的溢流口相连通的输液管道 18上, 二级泵 11 设置在中间池 10与二级中和塔 12之间, 曝气塔 13设置在二级中和塔 12 的溢流口与絮凝池 14之间、在絮凝池 14之后还设置有带泥浆泵 15和带达 标水排出口 19的多级沉降池 16和污泥池 17。
工作时, 含氟废水先流入均质池 7中, 加入中间介质盐酸(HC1 )后经 均质池 7均质和均量后流入反应池 1中、 由循环泵 2泵送至中和塔 3内与 石灰石 ( CaC03 )反应生成可溶性钙盐氯化钙 (CaCl2), 氯化钙 (CaCl2)与 残留酸液从溢流口溢出: 一路经分离塔 9 分离掉固体颗粒物后的氯化钙 (CaCl2), 回流至反应池 1 中与含氟废水中的氟化氢 (HF) 作脱氟反应生 成难溶性氟化钙 (CaF2)和盐酸(HC1 ), 该再生的盐酸(HC1 )又被泵送至 中和塔 3中参预反应、 依此循环; 另一路流入中间池.10后由二级泵 11输 送至二级中和塔 12中与石灰石 (CaC03 )反应、 生成的二氧化碳(C02 ) 气 体由曝气塔 13脱气、废水流入絮凝池 14中用碱(NaOH )调节 PH值至 8左 右, 同时加入絮凝剂(聚合氯化铝), 经压缩空气鼓泡搅拌后由多级沉降池 16进行固液分离,沉淀得到的氟化钙废渣由泥浆泵 15输入至污泥池 17中, 经干燥后作他用, 澄清后的达标水向外排放或回收利用。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法, 其特征在于: 以石灰石作为原 料、 以与石灰石发生化学反应时能生成可溶性钙盐的酸作为中间介 质, 利用反应中生成的可溶性钙盐与含氟废水中的氟离子发生反应 生成难溶于水的氟化钙和再生的中间介质, 再由所述的反应中再生 的中间介质与石灰石进行化学反应生成可溶性钙盐, 再由所述的反 应中生成的可溶性钙盐与含氟废水中的氟离子发生反应生成难溶 于水的氟化钙和再生中间介质, 如此依次循环, 处理含氟废水, 直 至达到排放标准。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法, 其特征在于 所述的与石灰石发生化学反应时能生成可溶性钙盐的中间介质可 以为盐酸 (HC1)。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法, 其特征在于 所述的含氟废水中形成氟离子的氟化合物可以为氟化氢 (HF)。
4. 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法, 其 特征在于所述的用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法所涉及的化学反应 方程式如下:
CaC03 + 2HCl→CaCl2+ C02† +H20
CaCl2 + 2HF→CaF24 + 2HC1
5. 根据杈利要求 1所述的用石灰石处理含氟废水的方法, 其特征在于 所述的化学反应涉及装置的基本设施包含有反应池( 1 )、循环泵( 2 ) 和中和塔 ( 3 ), 循环泵 (2 ) 设置在反应池 (1 ) 与中和塔 ( 3) 之 间的输液管道 (4 ) 上, 中和塔 ( 3 ) 与反应池 ( 1 ) 之间设置有回 流管道(5 ), 中和塔( 3) 中充填有颗粒状石灰石 (CaC03), 反应池 ( 1 ) 盛放有含氟废水。 ' .
6..一种用石灰石处理含氟废水的装置, 其特征在于基本设施包含有反 应池 (1)、 循环泵 (2)、 中和塔 (3)、 沉降池 (6 ) 和泥浆池 (7), 循环泵(2)设置在反应池 (1 )和中和塔( 3)之间的输液管道(4) 上, 中和塔 ( 3) 与反应池 (1 ) 之间设置有回流管道 (5 ), 沉降池 ( 6) 上设置有达标水排出口和与泥浆池 (7) 相连的污泥排放口。
7. 一种用石灰石处理含氟废水的装置, 其特征在于基本设施包含有反 应池 (1)、 循环泵 (2)、 中和塔 ( 3)、 均质池 (8)、 分离塔 (9)、 中间池 (10)、 二级泵 (11)、 二级中和塔 (12)、 曝气塔(13)、 絮 凝池 (14)、 泥浆泵 (15)、 多级沉降池 (16 ) 和污泥池 ( 17 ), 均 质池( 8 )设置在含氟废水的排液口与反应池( 1 )之间, 循环泵( 2 ) 设置在反应池 (1 ) 和中和塔 ( 3) 之间的输液管道 (4 ) 上, 分离 塔 (9 ) 设置在中和塔 ( 3) 上的溢流口与反应池 ( 1 ) 之间的回流 管道 (5) 上, 中间池 (10) 设置在与中和塔 ( 3) 上的溢流口相连 通的输液管道 (18 ) 上, 二级泵 (11 ) 设置在中间池 (10) 与二级 中和塔(I2) 之间, 曝气塔(13)设置在二级中和塔 I2 ( ) 的溢流 口与絮凝池( 14 )之间、在絮凝池( 14 )之后还设置有带泥浆泵( 15 ) 和带达标水排出口 (19 ) 的多级沉降池 (16) 和污泥池 (17)。
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