WO2008056839A1

WO2008056839A1 - T-type ocarina

Info

Publication number: WO2008056839A1
Application number: PCT/KR2006/004661
Authority: WO
Inventors: Il Yong Lee; Yong Su Gye
Original assignee: Il Yong Lee; Yong Su Gye
Priority date: 2006-11-07
Filing date: 2006-11-08
Publication date: 2008-05-15
Also published as: KR100828997B1; KR20080041515A

Abstract

Provided is a T-type ocarina. The ocarina can produce sound in sufficient musical range from a low scale 'La' to a high scale 'Sol' with small and less fingering holes so that a wider musical range is provided and everyone plays the ocarina. The ocarina includes a round-type of rectangular hollow body including upper fingering holes, lower fingering holes, one sound hole, and an internal resonance portion, the upper fingering holes including first, second, third, fourth, seventh and eighth fingering holes and first and second subsidiary fingering holes, and the lower fingering holes including fifth and sixth fingering holes; and a mouthpiece integrally protruding from a longitudinal side of the body, and having an internal airway communicating with the sound hole, and an air intake orifice formed at an end of the airway that is opposite to the sound hole. Each of the upper fingering holes has a diameter determined by an upward slant angle D of the airway and each of distances Dl to D 8 from the sound hole to the upper fingering holes, the airway being slant upwardly from the air intake orifice to the sound hole.

Description

Description T-TYPE OCARINA

Technical Field

[1] The present invention relates to a T-type ocarina that is a kind of closed-pipe instrument comprising upper fingering holes such as first, second, third, fourth, seventh and eighth fingering holes and first and second subsidiary fingering holes; lower fingering holes such as fifth and sixth fingering holes; a resonance portion having one sound hole; and a mouthpiece having an airway formed at one side of the resonance portion and communicating with the sound hole, so that a user plays music by blowing air into the mouthpiece and selectively covering or uncovering the fingering holes with his or her fingers. Background Art

[2] An encyclopedia says that an ocarina was invented by G. Donati, Italy in the 19th century. FIG. 1 illustrates a typical Italian-type ocarina 101.

[3] Referring to FIG. 1, the Italian-type ocarina has ten fingering holes and two subsidiary fingering holes. In this ocarina, one musical scale is produced from one fingering hole. Advantageously, the fingering holes are small in size (i.e., diameter) and, thus, the Italian-type ocarina is widely used by beginners or children, mainly, for learning or training.

[4] However, ocarinas such as the Italian-type ocarina in which one musical scale is produced from one fingering hole require use of little fingers of left and right hands. Also, the ocarinas cannot play music with a wide musical range because of their limited musical range.

[5] An enhanced version of the ocarina is shown in FIG. 2. This ocarina can produce a sound of one octave using four holes, which eliminate a need for use of little fingers. When a fingering hole for a low scale "La" is formed to provide a wider musical range, a size (i.e., diameter) of a fingering hole © covered or uncovered by a ring finger of a right hand becomes 10mm, a diameter of a fingering hole © covered or uncovered by a middle finger of a left hand becomes 1 lmm, and diameters of a fingering hole ® covered or uncovered by an index finger of the left hand and a fingering hole © covered or uncovered by a thumb of the left hand become 13mm. Women or children having small fingers, as well as normal persons, cannot cover these large fingering holes and, thus, cannot correctly play the ocarina.

[6] Accordingly, an ocarina 103 having a structure incapable of producing a low scale

"La" as shown in FIG. 3 is widely used. The ocarina 103 can produce sound in a wider musical range with less fingering holes, unlike the Italian-type ocarina 101 (see FIG. i).

[7] However, since the ocarina 103 of FIG. 3 cannot play music including the low scale

"La", it does not satisfy professional users.

[8] Meanwhile, another ocarina 104 shown in FIG. 4 has a separate fingering hole for a high scale "Pa# ", i.e., a fingering hole ® covered or uncovered by a little finger of a left hand. Accordingly, the ocarina 104 does not have much less fingering holes than the conventional Italian-type ocarina, and requires use of the little finger to cover or uncover the fingering hole ® for the high scale "Pa#". This results in longer training time and makes it difficult for users to play the ocarina.

[9] A conventional ocarina comprising ten fingering holes formed in one surface of a resonance portion, and two fingering holes formed in the other surface so that a user plays the ocarina by properly covering or uncovering the fingering holes with fingers of his or her left and right hands is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2005-275207 (October 6, 2005), in which a fingering hole formed to be covered or uncovered by a little finger of a left hand, but not easily covered or uncovered by a little finger of beginners, particularly, children or aged persons is closed by a cap so that they play the ocarina without use of that fingering hole. Further, an enhanced version of the ocarina disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2005-275207 is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3125357 (August 23, 2006), in which the ocarina comprises a resonance portion 11, an air intake orifice 12, an airway 13, a sound hole 14, seven fingering holes formed in one surface of the resonance portion, and two fingering holes formed in the other surface. When the first to ninth fingering holes 20 to 28 are all covered, a scale "Do" can be produced, when the first fingering hole is uncovered, a scale "Re" can be produced, when the first and second fingering holes are uncovered, a scale "Fa" can be produced, when the first to third fingering holes are uncovered, a scale "Sol" can be produced, when the first to fourth fingering holes are uncovered, a scale "La" can be produced, when the first to fifth fingering holes are uncovered, a high scale "Do" can be produced, when the first to sixth fingering holes are uncovered, a high scale "Re" can be produced, when the first to seventh fingering holes are uncovered, a high scale "Mi" can be produced, and when the first to eighth fingering holes are uncovered, a high scale "Sol" can be produced. In this case, the resonance portion is supported by the little finger of the left hand. The conventional ocarinas still require use of the little finger of the right hand and are incapable of producing a low scale "La", low scales "Si", "Mi", and "Si", and a high scale "Fa". Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [10] The present invention is directed to a T-type ocarina having only one sound hole, eight fingering holes, and two subsidiary fingering holes, which allows users to play scales from a low scale "La" to a high scale "Sol" without use of little fingers of their left and right hands and also allows beginners to learn ocarina fingering within a shorter time and easily perform musical performance.

[11] The present invention is also directed to a T-type ocarina having only one sound hole, eight fingering holes, and two subsidiary fingering holes to produce a low scale "La" to a high scale "Sol" with a reduced diameter of the fingering holes, so that a musical range is widened and everyone having small fingers easily plays the ocarina. Technical Solution

[12] One aspect of the present invention provides a T-type ocarina comprising: a round- type of rectangular hollow body including upper fingering holes, lower fingering holes, one sound hole, and an internal resonance portion, the upper fingering holes including first, second, third, fourth, seventh and eighth fingering holes and first and second subsidiary fingering holes, and the lower fingering holes including fifth and sixth fingering holes; and a mouthpiece integrally protruding from a longitudinal side of the body, and having an internal airway communicating with the sound hole, and an air intake orifice formed at an end of the airway that is opposite to the sound hole, wherein each of the upper fingering holes has a diameter determined by an upward slant angle D of the airway and each of distances Dl to D8 from the sound hole to the upper fingering holes, the airway being slant upwardly from the air intake orifice to the sound hole.

[13] In an embodiment, the upward slant angle D of the airway ranges from 13 to 15° with respect to a horizontal surface. The upper fingering holes include fingering holes covered or uncovered by the left hand, such as the third fingering hole, the fourth fingering hole, and the eighth fingering hole; and fingering holes covered or uncovered by the right hand, such as the first fingering hole, the first subsidiary fingering hole, the second fingering hole, the second subsidiary fingering hole, and the seventh fingering hole.

Advantageous Effects

[14] According to the present invention, the T-type ocarina comprises only one sound hole, eight fingering holes, and two subsidiary fingering holes. Thus, users can produce scales from a low scale "La" to a high scale "Sol" without use of little fingers of their left and right hands. In addition, women or children having small fingers, as well as beginners, can easily learn and play the ocarina because the fingering holes are small in size (i.e., diameter).

[15] Furthermore, the T-type ocarina can produce a wide musical range from a low scale "La" to a high scale "Sol", thereby providing a wider selection width of playable music and satisfying professional users. Brief Description of the Drawings

[16] FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating fingering holes of a conventional Italian-type ocarina; [17] FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating fingering holes of a conventional ocarina capable of producing a low scale "La"; [18] FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating fingering holes of a conventional ocarina incapable of producing a low scale "La"; [19] FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating fingering holes of a conventional ocarina capable of producing a high scale "Sol"; [20] FIG. 5 is a bottom perspective view of a T-type ocarina according to the present invention; [21] FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the T-type ocarina taken along a line A-A in FIG. 5 to describe a sound production principle; [22] FIG. 7 is a plan sectional view of a T-type ocarina according to the present invention; [23] FIG. 8 is a sectional view illustrating an upward slant angle of a mouthpiece taken along a line A-A in FIG. 5; [24] FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating diameters of the fingering holes of the T-type ocarina and distances between the sound hole and the fingering holes according to the present invention; [25] FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating locations of the fingering holes of the T-type ocarina according to the present invention; and [26] FIG. 11 illustrates a fingering method for respective scales in the T-type ocarina according to the present invention.

Mode for the Invention [27] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed below pitch, but can be implemented in various types. Therefore, the present exemplary embodiments are provided for complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully inform the scope of the present invention to those ordinarily skilled in the art. [28] FIG. 5 is a bottom perspective view of a T-type ocarina according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the T-type ocarina taken along a line A-A in FIG. 5 to describe a sound production principle. [29] Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the T-type ocarina of the present invention comprises a round- type of rectangular hollow body 10 and a mouthpiece 11. The body 10 includes upper fingering holes, such as first, second, third, fourth, seventh and eighth fingering holes 21, 22, 23, 24, 27 and 28 and first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a; lower fingering holes, such as fifth and sixth fingering holes 25 and 26; one sound hole 14; and an internal resonance portion 16. The mouthpiece 11 integrally protrudes from a longitudinal side of the body 10, and has an internal airway 13 communicating with the sound hole 14, and an air intake orifice 12 formed at an end of the airway 13 that is opposite to the sound hole 14.

[30] Here, the fifth fingering hole 25 formed in the lower portion of the body 10 is covered or uncovered by a thumb of a left hand, and the sixth fingering hole 26 is covered or uncovered by a thumb of a right hand.

[31] The upper fingering holes include fingering holes covered or uncovered by the right hand, such as the first fingering hole 21 and the first subsidiary fingering hole 21a covered or uncovered by a middle finger of the right hand, the second fingering hole 22 and the second subsidiary fingering hole 22a covered or uncovered by an index finger of the right hand, and the seventh fingering hole 27 covered or uncovered by a ring finger of the right hand. The upper fingering holes also include fingering holes covered or uncovered by the left hand, such as the third fingering hole 23 covered or uncovered by a middle finger of the left hand, the fourth fingering hole 24 covered or uncovered by an index finger of the left hand, and the eighth fingering hole 28 covered or uncovered by a ring finger of the left hand. This structure does not require use of the little fingers of left and right hands for musical performance.

[32] Meanwhile, as described above, the mouthpiece 11 integrally formed on the longitudinal side of the rectangular hollow body 10 includes the airway 13 formed as an internal tunnel, the air intake orifice 12 is formed at one end of the airway 13 for blowing air into the ocarina, and the other end of the airway 13 communicates with the sound hole 14. A branch portion 15 is formed on an opposite side of the sound hole 14 located on a straight line from the airway 13.

[33] Operation of the T-type ocarina according to the present invention will now be described.

[34] As shown in FIG. 6, if a user blows air through the air intake orifice 12, the air reaches the sound hole 14 through the airway 13. The air at the branch portion 15 partially flows out through the sound hole 14 andpartiallyflows into the resonance portion 16.

[35] The air flowing into the resonance portion 16 is caused to vibrate due to resonance while circulating and staying inside the resonance portion 16. Vibration sound is output from the sound hole 14. At this time, the user may selectively cover or uncover the respective fingering holes 21, 21a, 22, 22a, 23, 24, 27, and 28 with his or her fingers according to locations of the fingering holes to produce different sounds based on a resonance difference for musical performance.

[36] FIG. 7 is a plan sectional view of the T-type ocarina according to the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view illustrating an upward slant angle of the mouthpiece taken along a line A-A in FIG. 5. Characteristics of the T-type ocarina according to the present invention will now be described.

[37] The present inventor found that a lateral distance L2 from the sound hole 14 to an opposite end in the resonance portion 16 in FIG. 7 and the upward slant angle of the airway 13 play a very important role in determining a musical range of the ocarina.

[38] In other words, in the conventional ocarina capable of producing a low scale "La" as shown in FIG. 2, the longitudinal distance Ll was 115mm and the lateral distance L2 was 40mm, but particularly the fingering hole © covered or uncovered by the middle finger of the left hand and the fingering hole ® covered or uncovered by the index finger of the left hand have diameters that make it difficult for the fingering holes to be covered even by fingers of adults. Thus, the conventional ocarina may be manufactured theoretically, but not used actually.

[39] Accordingly, the present inventor found conditions for reducing the diameters of the fingering holes 21, 22, 23, 24, 27 and 28 while producing the low scale "La" by adjusting the lateral distance L2 of the resonance portion 16 and the angle of the airway 13. Among the conditions, a first condition is that when the longitudinal distance Ll of the resonance portion 16 ranges from 114mm to 116mm, the lateral distance L2 must range from 45mm to 47mm.

[40] A second condition is that the upward slant angle D preferably ranges 13° to 15°, in which the airway 13 is upwardly slanted because the location of the sound hole 14 that is an outlet of the airway 13 is relatively higher than that of the air intake orifice 12, as shown in FIG. 8.

[41] FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating diameters of the fingering holes of the T-type ocarina and distances between the sound hole and the fingering holes according to the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating locations of the fingering holes of the T-type ocarina according to the present invention. After the lateral distance L2 of the resonance portion 16 and the upward slant angle of the airway 13 are determined as described above, the locations and sizes (i.e., diameters) of the upper fingering holes may be determined.

[42] Here, the locations of the upper and lower fingering holes 21, 21a, 22, 22a, 23, 24,

27, and 28 must be determined in consideration of a structure of user's fingers so that the user can freely move the fingers or play the T-type ocarina with the fingers while gripping the body 10 of the T-type ocarina, and the diameter of the fingering holes must be determined so that normal users or children can cover or uncover the fingering holes with their small fingers. Thus, in FIGS. 9 and 10, the positions of the upper fingering holes 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, and 28 are represented by the distances Dl, D2, D3, D4, D7, and D8 from the sound hole 14, respectively, with corresponding optimized sizes (i.e., diameters).

[43] In FIGS. 9 and 10, the first fingering hole 21, when located at a distance Dl of 57 to

59mm right upwardly from the sound hole, may have a diameter of 4.9 to 5.1mm, the second fingering hole 22, when located at a distance D2 of 34 to 36mm right upwardly from the sound hole, may have a diameter of 6.9 to 7.1mm, the third fingering hole 23, when located at a distance D3 of 24 to 26mm upwardly from the sound hole, may have a diameter of 7.4 to 7.6mm, the fourth fingering hole 24, when located at a distance D4 of 29 to 31mm left upwardly from the sound hole, may have a diameter of 9 to 9.2mm, the seventh fingering hole 27, when located at a distance D7 of 64 to 66mm right upwardly from the sound hole, may have a diameter of 7.4 to 7.6mm, and the eighth fingering hole 28, when located at a distance D8 of 34 to 36mm left upwardly from the sound hole, may have a diameter of 8.4 to 8.6mm. The resultant ocarina can produce the low scale "La", with the fingering holes having the proper diameters so that everyone can easily play the ocarina.

[44] In the ocarina in which the upper fingering holes have the above diameters, the fifth fingering hole 25 has a diameter of about 6 to 8.8mm, the sixth fingering hole 26 has a diameter of about 7.5 to 9mm, the first subsidiary fingering hole 21a has a diameter of about 2 to 3.5mm, and the second subsidiary fingering hole 22a has a diameter of about 2.5 to 4.5mm.

[45] According to the present invention, the ocarina does not have to comprise the fingering hole ® covered or uncovered by the little finger of the left hand to produce a high scale "Pa#" as in the conventional ocarina of FIG. 4, i.e., the fingering hole ® formed over the resonance portion 16, and can produce a desired musical range only with the seventh fingering hole 27 for a high scale "Fa" and the eighth fingering hole 28 for a high scale "Sol".

[46] FIG. 11 illustrates a fingering method for respective scales in the T-type ocarina according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, when the first to eighth fingering holes 21 to 28 and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a are all covered, a low scale "La" can be produced, when the first to eighth fingering holes 21 to 28 and the first subsidiary fingering hole 21a are all covered and the second subsidiary fingering hole 22a is uncovered, a low pitch "Si" can be produced, when the first to eighth fingering holes 21 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a are uncovered, a scale "Do" can be produced, when the second to eighth fingering holes 22 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first fingering hole 21 are uncovered, a scale "Re" can be produced, when the first fingering hole 21 and the third to eighth fingering holes 23 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the second fingering hole 22 are uncovered, a scale "Mi" can be produced, when the third to eighth fingering holes 23 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first and second fingering holes 21 and 22 are uncovered, a scale "Fa" can be produced, when the second fingering hole 22 and the fourth to eighth fingering holes 24 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first and third fingering hole 21 and 23 are uncovered, a scale "Sol" can be produced, when the fourth to eighth fingering holes 24 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to third fingering holes 21 to 23 are uncovered, a scale "La" can be produced, when the first fingering hole 21 and the fifth to eighth fingering holes 25 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the second to fourth fingering holes 22 to 24 are uncovered, a scale "Si" can be produced, when the fifth to eighth fingering holes 25 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to fourth fingering holes 21 to 24 are uncovered, a high scale "Do" can be produced, when the sixth to eighth fingering holes 26 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to fifth fingering holes 21 to 25 are uncovered, a high scale "Re" can be produced, when the seventh and eighth fingering holes 27 and 28 are covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to sixth fingering holes 21 to 26 are all uncovered, a high scale "Mi" can be produced, when the seventh fingering hole 27 is covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a, the first to sixth fingering holes 21 to 26 and the eighth fingering hole 28 are all uncovered, a high scale "Fa" can be produced, and when the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to eighth fingering holes 21 to 28 are all uncovered, a high scale "Sol" can be produced. Also, the resonance portion may be supported by the little fingers of the right hand and the left hand.

[47] According to the present invention, the musical range can be widened, such that the low scale "La" and the high scale "Sol" are produced. Thus, a music selection width of for musical performance is widened.

[48] Furthermore, in the T-type ocarina according to the present invention, higher musical scales can be produced by uncovering the fingering holes counterclockwise, i.e., in an order of the first subsidiary fingering hole 21a, the second fingering hole 22, ..., the eighth fingering hole 28, as shown in FIG. 11. Thus, beginners can easily learn the fingering method.

[49] While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

[1] A T-type ocarina comprising: a round- type of rectangular hollow body 10 including upper fingering holes, lower fingering holes, one sound hole 14, and an internal resonance portion 16, the upper fingering holes including first, second, third, fourth, seventh and eighth fingering holes 21, 22, 23, 24, 27 and 28 and first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a, and the lower fingering holes including fifth and sixth fingering holes 25 and 26; and a mouthpiece 11 integrally protruding from a longitudinal side of the body 10, and having an internal airway 13 communicating with the sound hole 14, and an air intake orifice 12 formed at an end of the airway 13 that is opposite to the sound hole 14, wherein: each of the upper fingering holes has a diameter determined by an upward slant angle D of the airway 13 and each of distances Dl to D 8 from the sound hole 14 to the upper fingering holes, the airway 13 being slant upwardly from the air intake orifice 12 to the sound hole 14.

[2] The ocarina of claim 1, wherein when the longitudinal distance Ll of the body in the resonance portion 16 ranges from 114mm to 116mm, the lateral distance L2 ranges from 45mm to 47mm.

[3] The ocarina of claim 2, wherein the upward slant angle D of the airway 13 ranges from 13° to 15° with respect to a horizontal surface, and when the distance Dl from the sound hole 14 to the first fingering hole 21 is 57 to 59mm, the diameter of the first fingering hole 21 is 4.9 to 5. lmm, when the distance D2 from the sound hole 14 to the second fingering hole 22 is 34 to 36mm, the diameter of the second fingering hole 22 is 6.9 to 7. lmm, when the distance D3 from the sound hole 14 to the third fingering hole 23 is 24 to 26mm, the diameter of the third fingering hole 23 is 7.4 to 7.6mm, when the distance D4 from the sound hole 14 to the fourth fingering hole 24 is 29 to 31mm, the diameter of the fourth fingering hole 24 is 9 to 9.2mm, when the distance D7 from the sound hole 14 to the seventh fingering hole 27 is 64 to 66mm, the diameter of the seventh fingering hole 27 is 7.4 to 7.6mm, and when the distance D8 from the sound hole 14 to the eighth fingering hole 28 is 34 to 36mm, the diameter of the eighth fingering hole 28 is 8.4 to 8.6mm.

[4] The ocarina of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the upper fingering holes comprise the first fingering hole 21 and the first subsidiary fingering hole 21a covered or uncovered by a middle finger of the right hand, the second fingering hole 22 and the second subsidiary fingering hole 22a covered or uncovered by an index finger of the right hand, the seventh fingering hole 27 covered or uncovered by a ring finger of the right hand, the third fingering hole 23 covered or uncovered by a middle finger of the left hand, the fourth fingering hole 24 covered or uncovered by an index finger of the left hand, and the eighth fingering hole 28 covered or uncovered by a ring finger of the left hand. [5] The ocarina of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the first to eighth fingering holes 21 to 28 and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a are all covered, a low scale "La" is produced, when the first to eighth fingering holes 21 to 28 and the first subsidiary fingering hole 21a are all covered and the second subsidiary fingering hole 22a is uncovered, a low scale "Si" is produced, when the first to eighth fingering holes 21 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a are uncovered, a scale "Do" is produced, when the second to eighth fingering holes 22 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first fingering hole 21 are uncovered, a scale "Re" is produced, when the first fingering hole 21 and the third to eighth fingering holes 23 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the second fingering hole 22 are uncovered, a scale "Mi" is produced, when the third to eighth fingering holes 23 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first and second fingering holes 21 and 22 are uncovered, a scale "Fa" is produced, when the second fingering hole 22 and the fourth to eighth fingering holes 24 to

28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first and third fingering hole 21 and 23 are uncovered, a scale "Sol" is produced, when the fourth to eighth fingering holes 24 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to third fingering holes 21 to 23 are uncovered, a scale "Ra" is produced, when the first fingering hole 21 and the fifth to eighth fingering holes 25 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the second to fourth fingering holes 22 to 24 are uncovered, a scale "Si" is produced, when the fifth to eighth fingering holes 25 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to fourth fingering holes 21 to 24 are uncovered, a high scale "Do" is produced, when the sixth to eighth fingering holes 26 to 28 are all covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to fifth fingering holes 21 to 25 are uncovered, a high scale "Re" is produced, when the seventh and eighth fingering holes 27 and 28 are covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to sixth fingering holes 21 to 26 are all uncovered, a high scale "Mi" is produced, when the seventh fingering hole 27 is covered and the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a, the first to sixth fingering holes 21 to 26 and the eighth fingering hole 28 are all uncovered, a high scale "Fa" is produced, and when the first and second subsidiary fingering holes 21a and 22a and the first to eighth fingering holes 21 to 28 are all uncovered, a high scale "Sol" is produced.