WO2008052677A2 - Aube de rotor d'éolienne et éolienne dotée d'une telle aube - Google Patents

Aube de rotor d'éolienne et éolienne dotée d'une telle aube Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008052677A2
WO2008052677A2 PCT/EP2007/009147 EP2007009147W WO2008052677A2 WO 2008052677 A2 WO2008052677 A2 WO 2008052677A2 EP 2007009147 W EP2007009147 W EP 2007009147W WO 2008052677 A2 WO2008052677 A2 WO 2008052677A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
hub
wind
rotor blade
spar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/009147
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008052677A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael B. Warek
Original Assignee
Lignum Vitae Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lignum Vitae Limited filed Critical Lignum Vitae Limited
Priority to EP07819211A priority Critical patent/EP2153058A2/fr
Publication of WO2008052677A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008052677A2/fr
Publication of WO2008052677A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008052677A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F03D1/0641—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades of the section profile of the blades, i.e. aerofoil profile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/05—Transmission of mechanical power using hollow exhausting blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0256—Stall control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F05B2240/311—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape flexible or elastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wind rotor blades which are able to face loads from small winds to heavy winds, i.e. the blades are low wind optimized and need not shut down during high winds but keeping powering at full nominal power as per drive train specs during the full spectrum of winds experienced starting at very low winds and never shutting down at high winds.
  • the present invention relates to wind turbines comprising such blades.
  • Wind turbines are of increasing interest for producing electric energy from attacking wind. There is a tendency of building up wind parks onshore or offshore with an arrangement of multiple wind turbines.
  • Wind turbines of the prior art suffer from several major drawbacks. Firstly, wind turbines of the prior art are not able to start rotating under the presences of attacking wind. These turbines need an initial driving force to start turning and, after reaching a certain rotation speed, they continue turning under the force of the attacking wind.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a wind rotor blade which is able to provide torque already under small or little wind on the one hand, and is also able to ex- perience very heavy winds and to continue working by avoiding damage of the wind turbine under these heavy conditions.
  • a wind rotor blade for a wind turbine which is attachable to a hub of the wind turbine at a preliminary adjusted blade pitch such that when a load is applied to the blade by the wind, the blade translates the load into thrust and torque that apply a rotational force to the hub about a rotational axis of the hub.
  • the blade comprising a proximal end configured to be attached to the hub, a distal end opposite the proximal end, a windward side that extends from the proximal end to the distal end and faces a direction from which the load is applied and comprising at least one section of a leading edge fairing, a leeward side that extends from the proximal end to the distal end and which is opposite from the windward side and comprising at least one section of a trailing edge fairing.
  • a central load bearing part or central spar extends essentially from the proximal end to the distal end of the blade and is capable to twist around a central axis of the spar, said at least one leading edge fairing and said at least one trailing edge fairing being attached to this central spar, wherein the blade responses to increases of the load applied by flexing to continuously change the blade pitch of said at least one leading and trailing edge fairing from the proximal end to the distal end of the blade, wherein the blade pitch is able to change from a positive to a negative lift along the blade from the proximal to the distal end thereof, so that the negative lift counteracts at least some of the positive lift in order to reduce the thrust and torque experienced by the blade as a result of the load.
  • the blade is able to directly translate the central load from the real wind acting on the root or proximal end into an optimum angle of attack from root to tip for the desired final load at the root in each direction.
  • This means that the blade is adjusted to use additional wind to relief the forces acting on the root by employing negative lift at the tip where the apparent wind comes from the side and allows directly reducing the forces when the blade pitch is set for increasing negative lift configuration pulling the blade tip into the real wind due to apparent wind creating lift that opposes the torque and thrust at the root, minimizing these while the wind gets stronger, leaving the blade rotating with full generation torque output and low thrust and reducing the loads aerodynamically in a soft response.
  • the blade when the force being applied to the blade of the turbine is relatively low, e. g. in low wind condition, the blade is provided with pitch that minimizes loss in the translation of the force applied to the blade into rotational force applied to the hub of the turbine by the blade, which means that already in low wind conditions the blade is able to start turning the turbine.
  • the turbine when the turbine begins to rotate at relatively high speeds due to a relatively high amount of force being applied to the blade, e. g. in high wind conditions, it is, according to the present invention, advantageous to employ a blade pitch that translates a smaller proportion of force applied to the blade into rotational force applied to the hub.
  • the turbine as disposed in a power generating system, advantageously is able to keep the rotational speed, acceleration, jerk, and/or other time derivatives of rotational displacement below certain limits in order to protect other components of the power generations. This may include increasing the angle of blade pitch to translate less of the force applied along the blade.
  • the amount of negative lift carried out by the respective part of the blade is a function of the magnitude of the applied load.
  • said amount of negative lift is adjustable, depending on the applied load. Accordingly, the blade is able to flex to increase its blade pitch as the load increases. This compensates for increases in the load that would cause the turbine in blowing the blade to attain an undesirable rotational velocity, acceleration and/or jerk. Further, as the load dissipates, the blade is designed to resiliently flex back to its original blade pitch which is differentially from root to tip.
  • differential blade pitch is a variable that impacts a variety of aspects of the operation of the rotor.
  • the force being applied by the real wind to a blade of the rotor is relatively low, e.g. in low wind conditions, providing a blade with a blade pitch that minimizes loss in the translation of force (drag) and optimizes area for maximum torque at that stage, applied to the blade into rotational force applied to a hub of the rotor by the blade is advantageous.
  • the rotor begins to rotate experiencing elevated wind speeds and/or force due to a relatively high amount of real wind and subsequent high force being applied to the blade, e.g.
  • the present invention it is advantageous to one aspect of the present invention to keep the rotational speed, acceleration, moments, and/or other derivates of rotational displacement below certain limits in order to protect other components of the power generating system.
  • This is achieved by the present invention by changing the angle of the blade pitch differentially to translate less of the forces and moments felt at the hub level.
  • the blade according to the present invention is designed to respond to an increase in the load applied thereto by warping to adjust its blade pitch.
  • the blade will flex to change its blade pitch as the load increases. This reduces increases in the load that would cause the rotor employing the blade to attain an undesirable rotational velocity, acceleration and/or moments with increased real wind velocities. Further, as the load dissipates, the blade is designed to always resiliently flex back to its original blade pitch as manufactured. Other responses to an external load are contemplated.
  • the wind rotor blade comprises multiple leading and trailing edge fairings.
  • the size of the blade according to the present invention may vary in a wide range.
  • the length of the blade from the proximal end or root portion to the distal end or tip portion may vary from 1 m to 100 m or even larger. Therefore, it is advantageously that the leading and trailing edge fairings comprise a modular structure, comprising a much shorter length, e. g. 0,5 m to 2 m.
  • the present invention is not limited to these indicated sizes.
  • the central load bearing or spar is of a box-shaped configuration comprising at least three, preferably at least four panels which are linked together.
  • Other shapes like a hexagon or a octahedron are also possible.
  • said panels are of a composite fiber structure.
  • Such fibers may be carbon fibers or glass fibers.
  • any kind of composite fibers can be provided to form said panels.
  • said panels can be of isotropic material structure.
  • the panels each comprising a compressed edge and a tensed edge opposite and adjacent from the compressed edge, wherein a plurality of elastomeric joints is provided which join the panels together such that the tensed edge of each panel is joint to the compressed edge of the adjacent panel, wherein at least one fiber tow in a given tensed edge experiences a tensile force when the tensile edge is coupled with the compressed edge of the adjacent panel by one of the elastomeric joints, wherein at least one fiber tow in a given compressed edge experiences a compression force when the given compressed edge is joint with the tensed edge of the adjacent panel by one of the elastomeric joints, wherein the tensile and compression forces applied to the tensed and compressed edges of the panels, respectively, by the elastomeric joints warps the panels to provide the blade with a blade pitch varying from the proximal end to the distal end of the blade from a positive angle of attack to a negative angle of attack resulting
  • the blade can be actively adjusted for an optimal angle of attack by applying tension to the tension tows at the corners of the central load bearing member which cause predetermined changes in geometry from a proximal end to the distal end of the blade.
  • This adaptation of pitch is achieved by applying a respective force to the tows and/or the elastomeric joints, so that the blade is able to respond to the loads applied thereto.
  • the blade responds because of load elongation (shortening) of the 0° tows.
  • the differential in length causes the panels to twist in order to reach a force equilised.
  • the central load bearing part or spar comprises one or more leading edge notches formed in the spar at the leading edge portion that the at least one leading edge fairing includes one or more tabs that extend therefrom, and in that the at least one leading edge fairing is attached to the spar at the leading edge portion at least in part by engagement between one or more tabs that extend from the leading edge fairing with the one or more notches formed in the spar at the leading edge portion.
  • the central load bearing part or spar comprises one or more trailing edge notches formed in the spar at the trailing edge portion, and at least one trailing edge fairing includes one or more tabs which extend therefrom.
  • the at least one trailing edge fairing is attached to the spar at the trailing edge portion at least in part by the engagement between the one or more tabs that extend from the trailing edge fairing with one or more notches formed in the spar at the trailing edge portion.
  • the leading edge fairings and the trailing edge fairings can easily be assembled with the load bearing part or spar, and the assembly can be finished by applying appropriate adhesives between the fairings and the spar.
  • the central load bearing part or spar is formed from a plurality of fiber tows such that one or more of the fiber tows at the proximal end of the spar extend from the blade and are configured to engage the turbine hub to enable the blade to be removably coupled with the turbine hub.
  • the central load bearing part or spar is warped when assembled and fixed at the elastomeric transition joint. Accordingly, the central load bearing part comprises an initial twist which can be modified by applying respective forces to the fiber tows of the tensed and compressed edges.
  • the twisted or warped central load bearing part or spar when fully loaded, the twisted or warped central load bearing part or spar untwists as pretermined by the joints into the straight unwarped shape.
  • the panels are built up by shear webs comprising tuned compression tows to absorb the applied frequency loads while adding stiffness with less weight in curve linear path.
  • the panels comprising a light but stiff structure and provide a light but stiff structure to the whole blade.
  • the at least one trailing edge fairing comprises an inner loop for adding flexibility to the fairing during twisting.
  • the at least one trailing edge fairing houses a rolled sailcloth extending preferably from the proximal end to the distal end, that sailcloth being unrolled to extend the area of the blade during low winds.
  • a sailcloth can be incorporated into the blade of the present invention, but can also be incorporated into a blade of the prior art.
  • the sailcloth is rolled up in the trailing edge bearing chamber with increasing wind by feeling the tension on a sheet which is provided to pull the sailcloth out of the trailing edge and initiated through preset maximum tension allowable before roll up of a section of sailcloth is initiated until the preset tension maximum is received to a preset stop reducing sail area point. This is repeated automatically as per wind situation rolling in and out automatically through the preset points.
  • the blade is coupled to the hub by a hinge and an activator, said activator during higher wind situations is able to fold the blade behind the hub in wind direction. Accordingly, when there are wind conditions which are extremely high and would damage parts of the wind turbine, it is possible to move the blades behind the hub to avoid damages.
  • the wind rotor blade comprises a plurality of fairings and open ends of carbon fiber filaments that end in the expansion joints between the sectional fairings to cause plasma generation when lightning is close and in that said filaments represent a receptor of path for the lightning. Accordingly, with these features it is possible to avoid damages caused by lightning.
  • the load bearing panels have a series of connectors attached to each longitudinal side allowing hinged connection each adjacent panel.
  • corner tensioning tows act as hinge pin at the corners.
  • the panels are provided with actuators, preverably hydraulic cylinders, between each connector at the hinged joint.
  • the load bearing spar comprises at each corner attached to the central tensioning tows and the hub, an actuator, for example a hydraulic cylinder, applying force to the corners together against the elastomeric joints.
  • an actuator for example a hydraulic cylinder
  • the blade comprises mold defined edges which comprise foil hinged end joints which can be folded back onto the fiber stack.
  • the fairings are made with the molds having the leading edge and the trailing edge at its center as integral part of the molding.
  • the root interface to the hub is comprised by extending the load bearing tows into the mold defined interface structure.
  • the root interface is in the form of common metal stud interfaces but comprising impregnated homogenous fiber tows going through same flange bores. With this an effective mounting of the blade to the hub is achieved.
  • the root section is made with the central corner tensioning tows defining the hub interface.
  • the blade is fixed without pitch control rotating the blade at the hub.
  • the blade is fixed to the hub with a hinged joint that allows the blade to fold with an actuator behind the hub and reduce the frontal area incrementally with higher wind loads.
  • the present invention relates also to a wind turbine for producing electric energy due to attacking winds on at least one rotor blade being removable attached to the hub of the turbine, wherein said rotor blade is configured as set forth in one of the claims 1 to 31.
  • the proximal end or root section of said blade is configured to be removably coupled with the hub, and the blade is formed from a plurality of fiber tows such that one or more of the fiber tows extend from the root section of the blade and engage the hub to enable the blade to be removably coupled with the hub.
  • the hub of the wind turbine forms one or more conduits, a given conduit communicating two openings formed in the surface of the hub, the one or more conduits being formed such that the one or more fiber tows that extend from the proximal end of the blade are engaged with the hub by insertion into the one or more conduits.
  • the one or more fiber tows that extend from the proximal end of the blade are retained in the one or more openings by one or more fasteners that engage the one or more fiber tows and at least one of the openings of the one or more conduits.
  • the turbine comprises one or more compression fasteners which comprise one or more unthreaded fastening surfaces in one preferential case one or more taper locks.
  • compression locks avoid undue stress on the threads of threaded fasteners.
  • Fig. 1 in perspective view shows one embodiment of the blade of the present in vention in explosive illustration
  • Figs. 2a to 2d illustrate the special adaptation of the blade from the attack of low winds to heavy winds
  • Fig. 3 shows a plot of blade pitch as a function of radial station on a turbine blade as a load applied to the blade is increased, in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 4 shows in perspective view one preferred embodiment of the central load bearing part or spar in untwisted condition
  • Fig. 5 shows the joint of a tensile edge of one panel coupled with the compressed edge of the adjacent panel
  • FIG. 6 in perspective schematic view illustrates the central load bearing part or spar in twisted condition
  • Fig. 7a shows a sectional view of the blade
  • Fig. 7b shows enlargement "Z" of Fig. 7a
  • Fig. 7c shows the blade of the present invention with a sailcloth extended from the trailing edge fairings
  • Fig. 8 shows in schematic view an actuator being linked to a blade, the blade is shown in upright position and, in dotted lines, in folded position;
  • Fig. 9 shows a panel comprising a shear web and curved fiber tows
  • Fig 10 in perspective view schematically shows the twisted spar after assembling of the panels
  • Fig. 11 in schematic view shows the fastening means of the blade to the hub of the present invention
  • Fig. 12 in perspective view shows the assembled blade according to one embodiment of the present invention being provided with fiber brushes between leading edge fairings;
  • Fig. 13 in schematic view shows an enlarged part "X" of Fig. 12.
  • Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a wind turbine blade 1 in a perspective non- assembled view comprising a proximal end 3 forming a root section 4, a distal end 5, forming a tip section 6, a plurality of leading edge fairings 7 and a plurality of trailing edge fairings 9.
  • the root section 4 is covered by a leading edge fairing 8 and a trailing edge fairing 10 of different shape as the leading edge fairings 7 and trailing edge fairings 9.
  • the central load bearing part or spar 11 In the center of blade 1 of the present invention there is provided the central load bearing part or spar 11 , which, in Fig. 1 is shown in untwisted and unwarped shape.
  • the central load bearing part or spar 11 in the configuration according to Fig. 1 is box-shaped comprising four panels 15, 16, 17 and 18 (see Fig. 4), only two of which panels 15 and 16 are shown in Fig. 1.
  • the root section 4 forms the proximal end section of spar 11.
  • a central tensioning tow 19 at each joint corner being linked to tensioning means 21 , which for example are provided by hydraulic cylinders 23.
  • central load bearing part or spar 11 comprises several sections which are linked together via tapered joints 13 with respective length.
  • the root section 4 comprises stud interfaces 25, which are able to protrude or engage in respective openings or conduits of the hub of the wind turbine which will be described later.
  • Vector 27 indicates the direction of the real wind acting on the blade and the length of vector 27, which differs from Fig. 2a to 2d indicates the magnitude of the wind starting from low wind according to Fig. 2a until heavy wind according to Fig. 2d.
  • Figs. 2a to 2d for reasons of simplification only schematically shown the proximal end 3 and the tip section 6 are shown.
  • Vector 29 indicates the force of the real wind onto blade 1 and vector 31 (Figs. 2b to 2d) shows the amount of the apparent wind force in magnitude and direction.
  • Vector 33 represents the reaction force or positive lift acting on the proximal end 3 of blade 1
  • vector 35 represents the reaction force or lift acting on the tip section 6.
  • Vector 36 represents the drag on tip section 6, whereas vector 37 represents the drag on root section 4.
  • tip section 6 provides a negative lift according to vector 35 counteracting the positive lift according to vector 33 acting on the proximal end 3 of the blade 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a plot of blade pitch as a function of radial station along blade 1 as a load applied to blade 1 is increased, in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention.
  • blade 1 starts in a preliminary configuration 55o, in which the blade pitch at the distal end or tip section 6 may be at or near 0 degrees (or even negative).
  • blade 1 flexes in succession to flexed configurations 55 T - 55 5 .
  • distal end or tip section 6 of blade 1 reaches a blade pitch of about 40 degree. It may be appreciated from the plot of Fig.
  • blade 1 is so designed, to respond to a load along direction of vector 27 with a predetermined blade response.
  • the blade response includes the amount of negative lift that will be experienced by blade 1 as a function of the load, e. g. the wind speed.
  • the blade response includes a treshold loading amount, e. g. a treshold wind speed, at which blade 1 begins to experience negative lift on the leeward side, the manner in the amount of negative lift increases as a function of increases in load applied along direction of vector 27.
  • the blade response is provided during the fabrication of blade 1 by controlling one or more aspects of its flexture characteristics under load.
  • blade 1 has flexed in accordance with the blade response.
  • the flexure of blade 1 may increase the blade pitch of tip section 6.
  • the rotation of the hub of the wind turbine about the axis thereof changes the angle at which the wind applying the load becomes instant on blade 1 as blade 1 rotates with the hub.
  • This alteration of the angle at which the wind becomes instant on blade 1 caused by the movement of blade 1 may create an "apparent load" according to vector 31 that is directionally shifted from the direction according to vector 27 in which the fluid, i. e. the wind is actually flowing.
  • the load being applied by the wind flowing along direction of vector 27 may induce an apparent load on the distal end or tip section 6 of blade 1 along the direction illustrated by vector 31.
  • the speed of rotation of the hub and the distance from the hub to a given point of blade 1 is influencing the directionality of the apparent load experienced by blade 1. For instance, at a point on blade 1 between the proximal end 3 and the tip section 6, an apparent load will be applied by the wind in a direction between the directions of vector 27 and vector 31.
  • the direction difference between the apparent load applied at the distal end 5 or tip section 6, along direction of vector 31 and the apparent load applied between the proximal end 3 and the tip section 6 may be described in part as a function of the differences in distance away from the hub at these two points on blade 1.
  • Spar 11 comprises four panels 15, 16, 17 and 18, each of them comprising a compressed edge 41 and a tensed edge 43 opposite from the compressed edge 41.
  • the compression of panel 18 is indicated by vectors 45 whereas the tension of edge 43 of panel 15 is indicated by vectors 47.
  • each corner of jointed panels is provided at least one fiber tow 49 and at least one fiber tow 49 is provided in a compressed edge.
  • the tows 49 can be actuated by the hydraulic cylinders 23 and one possible way to create different tension at the corner tows of each panel is by employing central tension tows, which can be actively adjusted for start up tension.
  • Carbon fibers can be elongated to one 1 % linear extension which will cause a 2 % change in length at the corner at full warp.
  • Fig. 5 shows enlargement "X" of Fig. 4.
  • Differential compression ferrules 56 are provided between flanges 57 of panel 15 and flanges 59 of panel 18. The differential compression ferrules 56 in an alternate manner apply compression and tension to the adjacent flanges.
  • FIG. 6 there is schematically shown the central load bearing part 11 in a twisted position. Such a position is achieved by applying corresponding tension and compression forces on the fiber tows resulting in twisting of the box-shaped spar 11.
  • the proximal end 3 and distal end 5 are shown only schematically.
  • Fig. 7a shows blade 1 in a schematic sectional view. The way how the leading edge fairing7 are linked to the spar 11 is better shown in enlargement "Z" illustrated in Fig. 7b. Accordingly, that the central load bearing part or spar 11 comprises one or more leading edge notches 60 formed in the spar at the leading edge portion.
  • the leading edge fairing 7 includes one or more tabs 62 that extend therefrom, and the leading edge fairing 7 is attached to the spar 11 at the leading edge portion at least in part by an engagement between the one or more tabs 62 that extend from the leading edge fairing 7 with the one or more notches 60 formed in the spar 11 at the leading edge portion.
  • the same link mechanism is also applied for linking the trailing edge fairing 9 to the spar 11.
  • Fig. 7c shows the blade 1 in a schematic sectional view.
  • a sailcloth 61 is wound on an axis 63 being provided in an compartment 65 seated in the trailing edge fairings 9.
  • a cable or rope 67 is connected to the sailcloth 61 and by feeling the tension on the sheet 67 the sailcloth 61 is pulled out of the trailing edge fairings including initiating furling with a precise predetermined maximum tension.
  • the area of the blade 1 can be enlarged drastically, to provide a large area of blade to obtain the required torque acting on the hub of the wind turbine to drive the turbine for producing electrical energy.
  • FIG. 8 showing schematically blade 1 being hinged to hub 2, in straight lines, being directed into an upright position for wind attack.
  • Hinge 69 enables blade 1 to fold behind hub 2 during the presence of overload wind conditions and such folding of blade 1 is provided by actuator 71 being linked to blade 1 and to hub 2.
  • the folding of blade 1 can be done incrementally in order to fully react on different wind loads acting on blade 1 according to vector 73, shown in Fig. 8.
  • Panel 15 comprises a shear web being formed of composite fibers and comprising a plurality of tuned compression tows 79 which provide higher stiffness and elasticity on the one hand and good damping effect on the other hand.
  • oscillation production of wind turbines is one of the major drawbacks of these turbines. Accordingly, with the configuration according to Fig. 9, vibration damping can be obtained.
  • the shear web 77 at one edge thereof comprises the linear 0° corner tows 81.
  • the tuned compression tows can also be provided by metal wires or cables.
  • the configuration and arrangement of the tuned compression tows 79 shown in Fig. 9 is such that the bottom edge of panel 15 is directed to the proximal end 3 and the top edge of panel 15 is directed to the distal end 5 of the blade 1.
  • Fig. 10 shows in schematic illustration the assembled panels 15, 16, 17 and 18 to form the central load bearing part or spar 11 in an assembled twisted configuration.
  • Each panel of the central spar 11 which is adapted for fixing it to the other opposing side, is twisted and the joints thereof fixed in twisted configuration.
  • Fig. 11 assembly of the blade 1 is shown.
  • the 0° tows 81 are introduced into a flange interface 83 in which an opening for a compression fitting such like a taper lock 85 is provided (dotted lines).
  • Taper lock is pressed upward for example by hydraulic pressure and moves in direction of vectors 87.
  • a slit 86 the taper lock 85 is able to clamp and fix tows 81.
  • Advantageously threaded fasteners are avoided which require higher efforts and are subjected to torque overloads of the thread leading to detrimental effects on the fastener.
  • the tows 81 are connected to earth a lightning hitting blade 1.
  • Figs. 12 and 13 illustrade a lightning protection of blade 1.
  • a carbon fiber filament brush 93 comprising protruding ends between the joints of the fairings 7. This carbon fiber filament 93 brush provides a plasma path 95 induced by lightning 91.
  • Fairings 7 are covered by a foil conductor 97 which is placed outside of the fairing 7.
  • the modular design of the blade 1 of the present invention also enhances the errection ability on site by allowing the parts to be fitted seperately to the installed hub in high wind condi- tions due to low lift shape of small and light to be hoisted parts. These parts fit to each other in a positive clip on joint.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une aube de rotor d'éolienne (1) pour éolienne qui peut être fixée sur un moyeu (2) de l'éolienne en un pas d'aube réglé au préalable de sorte que lorsqu'une charge est appliquée sur l'aube par le vent, l'aube traduit la charge en une poussée et un couple qui appliquent une force de rotation sur le moyeu autour de l'axe de rotation du moyeu. L'aube comprend une extrémité proximale (3) configurée pour être fixée au moyeu, une extrémité distale (5) à l'opposé de l'extrémité proximale, un côté face au vent qui s'étend depuis l'extrémité proximale jusqu'à l'extrémité distale et qui fait face à une direction à partir de laquelle la charge est appliquée et qui comprend au moins une section de coiffe de bord d'attaque (7), un côté sous le vent qui s'étend depuis l'extrémité proximale jusqu'à l'extrémité distale et qui est à l'opposé du côté sous le vent et qui comprend au moins une section de coiffe de bord de fuite (9), un partie centrale ou espar (11) supportant la charge qui s'étend essentiellement depuis l'extrémité proximale jusqu'à l'extrémité distale de l'aube et qui peut tourner autour de l'axe central de l'espar, ladite au moins une coiffe de bord d'attaque et ladite au moins une coiffe de bord de fuite étant fixées à l'espar central, où l'aube répond à des augmentations de la charge appliquées par flexion pour modifier continuellement le pas de l'aube desdites au moins une coiffe de bord d'attaque et de fuite de l'aube ; le pas de l'aube est soumis à un changement depuis une poussée positive vers une poussée négative le long de l'aube depuis son extrémité proximale vers son extrémité distale, de sorte que la poussée négative neutralise un partie de la poussée positive afin de réduire la poussée et le couple subis par l'aube en raison de la charge.
PCT/EP2007/009147 2006-11-02 2007-10-22 Aube de rotor d'éolienne et éolienne dotée d'une telle aube WO2008052677A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP07819211A EP2153058A2 (fr) 2006-11-02 2007-10-22 Aube de rotor d'éolienne et éolienne dotée d'une telle aube

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US2006060480 2006-11-02
USPCT/US2006/060480 2006-11-02

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GB2462308A (en) * 2008-08-01 2010-02-03 Vestas Wind Sys As Extension portion for wind turbine blade
WO2010049561A1 (fr) * 2008-10-28 2010-05-06 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Pale d'aérogénérateur à panneaux multiples avec emplanture intégrée
DE102009023001A1 (de) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-02 Smart Blade Gmbh Modulares Rotorblatt für eine Windkraftanlage
CN102167156A (zh) * 2010-02-26 2011-08-31 尤洛考普特公司 自适应扭转的桨叶和设有此种桨叶的旋翼
WO2011148049A1 (fr) * 2010-05-26 2011-12-01 Meteco Oy Pale de rotor et procédé de fabrication associé
WO2012031976A1 (fr) * 2010-09-10 2012-03-15 Wobben, Aloys Bout de pale de rotor amovible
WO2012110486A1 (fr) 2011-02-14 2012-08-23 Se Blades Technology B.V. Pale pour une turbine éolienne et procédé de production de celle-ci
CN103032260A (zh) * 2011-10-06 2013-04-10 通用电气公司 具有被动式改变的后缘的风力涡轮机转子叶片
EP2587050A1 (fr) * 2011-10-27 2013-05-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pale de rotor
WO2013083481A1 (fr) * 2011-12-08 2013-06-13 Wobben Properties Gmbh Caisson arrière, pale de rotor avec caisson arrière et éolienne équipée d'une pale de rotor
CN103334872A (zh) * 2013-06-08 2013-10-02 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司 一种风力机叶片及风力机
US8668461B2 (en) 2010-03-18 2014-03-11 Nordex Energy Gmbh Wind turbine rotor blade
US8777579B2 (en) 2008-06-20 2014-07-15 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Method of manufacturing a spar for a wind turbine from elements comprising different materials
US8777578B2 (en) 2008-06-20 2014-07-15 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Method of manufacturing a spar for a wind turbine from elements having geometrically well-defined joint surface portions
US20140234115A1 (en) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-21 Karsten Schibsbye Wind turbine blade having twisted spar web
EP2249027A3 (fr) * 2009-04-28 2014-09-24 General Electric Company Pale d'éolienne segmentée
US8899936B2 (en) 2008-06-20 2014-12-02 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Method of manufacturing a spar for a wind turbine from elements having end portions extending transversely to an intermediate portion
WO2017006654A1 (fr) * 2015-07-08 2017-01-12 株式会社ベルシオン Aube d'éolienne, et procédé de fabrication de celle-ci
JP2017020369A (ja) * 2015-07-08 2017-01-26 株式会社ベルシオン 風車のブレード製造方法
JP2017020370A (ja) * 2015-07-08 2017-01-26 株式会社ベルシオン 風車のブレード
EP2463514A3 (fr) * 2010-12-10 2017-04-19 General Electric Company Ensemble de longeron pour pale de rotor d'éolienne
EP2667018A3 (fr) * 2012-05-23 2017-07-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pale d'éolienne à géométrie améliorée pour fibres de renforcement
US20190360456A1 (en) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-28 Phillip Ridings WyndBlade / New blade for Wind Turbines
EP3803105B1 (fr) 2018-05-31 2022-04-06 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Carénage de bord d'attaque de pale de turbine éolienne

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CN102650262B (zh) * 2012-04-24 2017-02-08 李�杰 风叶失速可控制的垂直轴风力发电机

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FR2459381A1 (fr) * 1979-06-21 1981-01-09 Budd Co Ensemble a longeron pour structure a pales effilees, et son procede de realisation
US4339230A (en) * 1980-04-22 1982-07-13 Hercules Incorporated Bifoil blade
EP0258926A1 (fr) * 1986-08-18 1988-03-09 Strijense Kunststof Technieken B.V. Rotor d'éolienne bipale
GB2216606A (en) * 1988-03-23 1989-10-11 George Jeronimidis Fluid dynamic structures containing anisotropic material
US4976587A (en) * 1988-07-20 1990-12-11 Dwr Wind Technologies Inc. Composite wind turbine rotor blade and method for making same
FR2758594A1 (fr) * 1997-01-20 1998-07-24 Alexandroff Gregoire Perfectionnements aux aerogenerateurs birotors
US6327957B1 (en) * 1998-01-09 2001-12-11 Wind Eagle Joint Venture Wind-driven electric generator apparatus of the downwind type with flexible changeable-pitch blades
WO2001046582A2 (fr) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-28 Aerodyn Engineering Gmbh Pale de rotor destinee a des installations d'energie eolienne

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8777579B2 (en) 2008-06-20 2014-07-15 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Method of manufacturing a spar for a wind turbine from elements comprising different materials
US8777578B2 (en) 2008-06-20 2014-07-15 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Method of manufacturing a spar for a wind turbine from elements having geometrically well-defined joint surface portions
US8899936B2 (en) 2008-06-20 2014-12-02 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Method of manufacturing a spar for a wind turbine from elements having end portions extending transversely to an intermediate portion
GB2462308A (en) * 2008-08-01 2010-02-03 Vestas Wind Sys As Extension portion for wind turbine blade
US8317479B2 (en) 2008-08-01 2012-11-27 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Segmented rotor blade extension portion
WO2010049561A1 (fr) * 2008-10-28 2010-05-06 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Pale d'aérogénérateur à panneaux multiples avec emplanture intégrée
ES2341074A1 (es) * 2008-10-28 2010-06-14 GAMESA INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY, S.L Una pala de aerogenerador multi-panel con la raiz integrada.
EP2249027A3 (fr) * 2009-04-28 2014-09-24 General Electric Company Pale d'éolienne segmentée
DE102009023001A1 (de) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-02 Smart Blade Gmbh Modulares Rotorblatt für eine Windkraftanlage
US8821128B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2014-09-02 Airbus Helicopters Blade with adaptive twisting, and a rotor provided with such a blade
EP2363342A1 (fr) 2010-02-26 2011-09-07 Eurocopter Pale à vrillage adaptatif, et rotor muni d'une telle pale
CN102167156A (zh) * 2010-02-26 2011-08-31 尤洛考普特公司 自适应扭转的桨叶和设有此种桨叶的旋翼
EP2366892B1 (fr) * 2010-03-18 2014-07-30 Nordex Energy GmbH Pale de rotor d'éolienne
US8668461B2 (en) 2010-03-18 2014-03-11 Nordex Energy Gmbh Wind turbine rotor blade
WO2011148049A1 (fr) * 2010-05-26 2011-12-01 Meteco Oy Pale de rotor et procédé de fabrication associé
WO2012031976A1 (fr) * 2010-09-10 2012-03-15 Wobben, Aloys Bout de pale de rotor amovible
US9371817B2 (en) 2010-09-10 2016-06-21 Wobben Properties Gmbh Removable rotor blade tip
EP2463514A3 (fr) * 2010-12-10 2017-04-19 General Electric Company Ensemble de longeron pour pale de rotor d'éolienne
WO2012110486A1 (fr) 2011-02-14 2012-08-23 Se Blades Technology B.V. Pale pour une turbine éolienne et procédé de production de celle-ci
CN103032260A (zh) * 2011-10-06 2013-04-10 通用电气公司 具有被动式改变的后缘的风力涡轮机转子叶片
EP2587050A1 (fr) * 2011-10-27 2013-05-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pale de rotor
JP2015500422A (ja) * 2011-12-08 2015-01-05 ヴォッベン プロパティーズ ゲーエムベーハーＷｏｂｂｅｎ Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ Ｇｍｂｈ リアボックス、リアボックスを有するロータブレード、そのようなロータブレードを有する風力発電装置
KR20140105533A (ko) * 2011-12-08 2014-09-01 보벤 프로퍼티즈 게엠베하 후방 케이싱, 후방 케이싱을 구비한 회전자 블레이드, 및 상기 회전자 블레이드를 구비한 풍력 터빈
KR101678752B1 (ko) * 2011-12-08 2016-11-23 보벤 프로퍼티즈 게엠베하 후방 케이싱, 후방 케이싱을 구비한 회전자 블레이드, 및 상기 회전자 블레이드를 구비한 풍력 터빈
US9897070B2 (en) 2011-12-08 2018-02-20 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rear casing, rotor blade with rear casing, and a wind turbine that comprises such a rotor blade
CN103987960A (zh) * 2011-12-08 2014-08-13 乌本产权有限公司 后箱、具有后箱的转子叶片和具有这样的转子叶片的风能设备
TWI509151B (zh) * 2011-12-08 2015-11-21 渥班資產公司 後箱區段，具有後箱區段的轉子葉片及具有此一轉子葉片之風力發電設備
WO2013083481A1 (fr) * 2011-12-08 2013-06-13 Wobben Properties Gmbh Caisson arrière, pale de rotor avec caisson arrière et éolienne équipée d'une pale de rotor
EP2667018A3 (fr) * 2012-05-23 2017-07-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pale d'éolienne à géométrie améliorée pour fibres de renforcement
WO2014127923A1 (fr) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pale d'éolienne possédant une âme de longeron torsadée
CN105074201A (zh) * 2013-02-19 2015-11-18 西门子公司 具有扭曲的翼梁腹板的风力涡轮机叶片
US20140234115A1 (en) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-21 Karsten Schibsbye Wind turbine blade having twisted spar web
CN103334872A (zh) * 2013-06-08 2013-10-02 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司 一种风力机叶片及风力机
WO2017006654A1 (fr) * 2015-07-08 2017-01-12 株式会社ベルシオン Aube d'éolienne, et procédé de fabrication de celle-ci
JP2017020369A (ja) * 2015-07-08 2017-01-26 株式会社ベルシオン 風車のブレード製造方法
JP2017020370A (ja) * 2015-07-08 2017-01-26 株式会社ベルシオン 風車のブレード
KR20180030090A (ko) * 2015-07-08 2018-03-21 가부시키가이샤 베르시온 윈드 터빈 블레이드 및 그 제조 방법
KR102471091B1 (ko) 2015-07-08 2022-11-24 엔티엔 가부시키가이샤 윈드 터빈 블레이드 및 그 제조 방법
US20190360456A1 (en) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-28 Phillip Ridings WyndBlade / New blade for Wind Turbines
EP3803105B1 (fr) 2018-05-31 2022-04-06 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Carénage de bord d'attaque de pale de turbine éolienne

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