WO2008049469A1 - Sandwich structure comprising textile flat structures which are spaced apart by means of filling materials, for use in resin-bonded shell-like components - Google Patents

Sandwich structure comprising textile flat structures which are spaced apart by means of filling materials, for use in resin-bonded shell-like components Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008049469A1
WO2008049469A1 PCT/EP2007/004098 EP2007004098W WO2008049469A1 WO 2008049469 A1 WO2008049469 A1 WO 2008049469A1 EP 2007004098 W EP2007004098 W EP 2007004098W WO 2008049469 A1 WO2008049469 A1 WO 2008049469A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sandwich structure
resin
threads
structure according
sewing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/004098
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Franz-Jürgen KÜMPERS
Karl-Josef Brockmanns
Original Assignee
SGL Kümpers GmbH & Co.KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102006044009A external-priority patent/DE102006044009A1/en
Application filed by SGL Kümpers GmbH & Co.KG filed Critical SGL Kümpers GmbH & Co.KG
Publication of WO2008049469A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008049469A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/06—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
    • B32B7/09—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means by stitching, needling or sewing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/246—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 combinations of materials fully covered by E04C2/16 and E04C2/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sandwich structure made of fabric materials spaced apart by filling materials for use in resin-bonded shell-like components according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Sandwich structures in the form of so-called distance cladding are becoming increasingly popular, especially in the aerospace industry, wind turbines and automotive and boat building. They have the advantages of a low weight in conjunction with the optimized for the intended use stability.
  • textile fabrics such as Multiaxialfadengelege, fabric, films, etc. are used for the stabilization and, for example, resin-impermeable foams for the spacing and volume production. It is assumed that larger-volume products should not be completely impregnated with resin. So you want to keep both an unwanted stiffening of the spatial structure as well as the costly unnecessary resin consumption within reasonable limits.
  • the invention is advantageously developed by the features of claims 2 to 7. While it is known in the art to stitch or tuft the fabrics only to the spacer interface, the features of the invention provide stabilization that also includes the interlayer between the fabrics the sewing or tufting thread causes a stabilization with a component also parallel to the textile fabrics on train. As a result, it is also possible to achieve very stable sandwich structures which deviate from the level placement of the textile fabrics.
  • This stabilization is particularly intense when the angle of the sewing or tufting thread is between 40 ° and 50 °.
  • enlarged cross-section of the channel ensures a space for the penetration of the resin that can form a kind of lattice structure, which is also a participation of the Foam formed clearance zone ensures the stability of the forest.
  • the cross section according to claim 5 is more than twice the cross section of the sewing or tufting thread, whereby the clearance for the resin on the one hand ensures a very good stabilization of the spatial structure and on the other hand still sufficient flexibility of the construction.
  • Threads made of glass, carbon or aramide materials are highly durable and ensure the cohesion of the entire structure even under extreme load conditions.
  • Filament structure of these threads also ensures penetration of the resin between the filaments, so that the threads with the resin in the channels also form-fitting binding.
  • Figure 1 shows a sandwich structure according to the prior art, wherein in the
  • FIG. 2 shows a planar sandwich structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a curved spatial sandwich structure according to the invention.
  • the invention thus comprises shaped bodies whose textile fabrics are each deposited in a plane as well as almost any curved.
  • Figure 1 In the sandwich structure 1 according to the prior art (Figure 1) is between two textile fabrics 2 and 3, which are made for example Mutiaxialgelegen made of carbon fibers, a foam layer 4 arranged by means of sewing thread 5 and looper thread 8 of glass filaments with the fabrics 2 and 3 is connected to a sandwich structure 1.
  • the seam is designed as a double chain stitch, which has a high stability.
  • the angle ⁇ is 15 °.
  • the sandwich structure 1 according to the invention (FIG. 2), which comprises the same basic structural elements as in the prior art, is characterized in that the sewing 5 is inclined at an angle ⁇ of +/- 20 ° to +/- 70 ° to the perpendicular to the Surface of the textile fabrics 2 and 3 of the sandwich structure 1 run.
  • the rapier threads 8 have been omitted in Figure 2 for the sake of clarity.
  • the sewing head of a known per se Doppelkettenstichnähmaschine be adjusted by the appropriate angle, but the Nähguttransport including the intermittent fixation of the material corresponds to the orientation of the material, which is unchanged from the rectangular thread arrangement. Due to the inclination of the puncture course and the changed loop formation a needle is to be used, which is to ensure the safe penetration of the gripper and which is correspondingly longer. The required length of the needle increases with the angle ⁇ .
  • the sheets 2 and 3 are impregnated and stabilized with resin 6, for example epoxy resin.
  • resin 6 for example epoxy resin.
  • the resin also penetrates through the sufficiently large channels 7 between the sheets 2 and 3
  • Sewing thread 5 is. In this way, there is enough free space within the
  • Epoxy resin record The sewing threads 5 are formally embedded in the matrix of epoxy resin and, because of their filament structure, themselves absorb resin.
  • the channels of the sandwich structure 9 extend at angles of approximately 45 ° alternately in both directions. For reasons of clarity, the sewing threads were not drawn here.
  • FIG. 3 shows only channels for two seams. This may already be sufficient depending on the width of the sandwich structure.
  • the sewing heads are offset by these angles to the vertical.
  • the Nähguttransport corresponds to the intermittent fixation of the material of the sewing of the material, which is unchanged from the rectangular thread arrangement.
  • the offset of the seams is to be taken into account by the material transport always takes place only in half the pitch and the sewing heads are active alternately.
  • the curvature of the sewing material is to be implemented by the transporting and fixing devices having a shape and a course of movement which take into account the shape of the sandwich structure 9 to be sewn.
  • the needle length in particular the angle ⁇ to choose appropriate here.
  • connection of the sandwich structure 1, 9 can also be a tufting connection, in which no additional fixation of the tufting thread on the
  • Channel 7 fills if it has been made large enough by the tufting needles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a sandwich structure comprising textile flat structures which are spaced apart by means of filling materials, for use in resin-bonded shell-like components. According to the invention, the sewing threads or tufting threads (5) which connect the flat structures (2, 3) to the filling material (4) extend in the sandwich structure at an angle of from +/- 20° to +/- 70° with respect to the perpendicular onto the surface of the textile flat structures (2, 3).

Description

Sandwichstruktur aus mittels Füllmaterialien beabstandeten textilen Flächengebilden für die Anwendung in harzgebundenen schalenartigen Bauteilen Sandwich structure of fabric-spaced fabrics for use in resin-bonded shell-like components
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sandwichstruktur aus mittels Füllmaterialien beabstandeten textilen Flächengebilden für die Anwendung in harzgebundenen schalenartigen Bauteilen gemäß den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a sandwich structure made of fabric materials spaced apart by filling materials for use in resin-bonded shell-like components according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
Sandwichstrukturen in Form so genannter Abstandsgelege setzen sich insbesondere in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, für Windkraftanlagen und im Automobil- und Bootsbau immer mehr durch. Sie haben die Vorteile eines geringen Gewichtes in Verbindung mit der für den Verwendungszweck optimierten Stabilität. Dabei werden textile Flächengebilde wie Multiaxialfadengelege, Gewebe, Folien etc. für die Stabilisierung und zum Beispiel harzundurchlässige Schäume für die Beabstandung und Volumenerzeugung eingesetzt. Dabei geht man davon aus, dass großvolumigere Erzeugnisse nicht komplett mit Harz getränkt werden sollten. Damit will man sowohl eine unerwünschte Versteifung des räumlichen Gebildes als auch den kostenintensiven unnötigen Harzverbrauch in vernünftigen Grenzen halten.Sandwich structures in the form of so-called distance cladding are becoming increasingly popular, especially in the aerospace industry, wind turbines and automotive and boat building. They have the advantages of a low weight in conjunction with the optimized for the intended use stability. In this case, textile fabrics such as Multiaxialfadengelege, fabric, films, etc. are used for the stabilization and, for example, resin-impermeable foams for the spacing and volume production. It is assumed that larger-volume products should not be completely impregnated with resin. So you want to keep both an unwanted stiffening of the spatial structure as well as the costly unnecessary resin consumption within reasonable limits.
Allerdings lassen sich mit den durch die Schäume beabstandeten, die textilen Flächengebilde durchdringenden Harzschichten nicht alle Stabilitätsprobleme lösen, auch wenn durch Vernähen der textilen Flächengebilde mit den Schaumschichten die Gesamtstruktur gefestigt ist. Vor allem gibt es dann Probleme, wenn die dem Verwendungszweck geschuldete Bauteilstruktur eine räumliche, also in der Schicht gekrümmte Struktur aufweist.However, not all stability problems can be solved with the resin layers which are spaced apart by the foams and penetrate the textile fabrics, even if the overall structure is consolidated by sewing the textile fabrics together with the foam layers. Above all, there are problems if the component structure owed to the purpose of use has a spatial structure, that is to say curved in the layer.
Es ist deshalb Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung, eine Sandwichstruktur vorzuschlagen, die unabhängig von der gewünschten Formgebung eine verbesserte Substanzausnutzung der beteiligten Materialien gewährleistet.It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a sandwich structure which ensures improved substance utilization of the materials involved regardless of the desired shaping.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mittels der kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
Die Erfindung ist durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 2 bis 7 vorteilhaft weitergebildet. Während es nach dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist, durch Nähen oder Tuften die textilen Flächengebilde lediglich an die als Abstandshalter dienende Zwischenschicht anzuheften, wird durch die Merkmale der Erfindung eine Stabilisierung erreicht, die auch die Zwischenschicht zwischen den textilen Flächengebilden einbezieht So wird durch die Ausrichtung der Näh- oder Tuftingfaden eine Stabilisierung mit einer Komponente auch parallel zu den textilen Flächengebilden auf Zug bewirkt. Dadurch können auch sehr stabile Sandwichstrukturen erzielt werden, die von der ebenen Ablage der textilen Flächengebilde abweichen.The invention is advantageously developed by the features of claims 2 to 7. While it is known in the art to stitch or tuft the fabrics only to the spacer interface, the features of the invention provide stabilization that also includes the interlayer between the fabrics the sewing or tufting thread causes a stabilization with a component also parallel to the textile fabrics on train. As a result, it is also possible to achieve very stable sandwich structures which deviate from the level placement of the textile fabrics.
Diese Stabilisierung ist besonders intensiv, wenn der Winkel der Näh- oder Tuftingfaden zwischen 40° und 50° liegt.This stabilization is particularly intense when the angle of the sewing or tufting thread is between 40 ° and 50 °.
Bei der vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung gemäß Anspruch 3 wird eine fachwerkartige Struktur erzielt, die besondere Anforderungen an die Stabilität erfüllt. Dadurch lassen sich nahezu beliebige räumliche Strukturen so stabilisieren, dass eine optimale Substanzausnutzung der eingesetzten Materialien gewährleistet wird.In the advantageous development of the invention according to claim 3, a truss-like structure is achieved, which meets special stability requirements. As a result, almost any spatial structures can be stabilized in such a way that optimum utilization of the materials used is guaranteed.
Der gegenüber dem Querschnitt der Näh- oder Tuftingfaden, von denen jeweils zwei innerhalb eines Kanals verlaufen, gemäß Anspruch 4 vergrößerte Querschnitt des Kanals gewährleistet einen Freiraum für das Eindringen des Kunstharzes, dass sich eine Art Gitterstruktur ausbilden kann, die auch eine Teilnahme der durch den Schaumstoff gebildeten Abstandszone an der Stabilität der Gesamtstruktur gewährleistet.The over the cross section of the sewing or tufting thread, each of which extends within a channel 2, according to claim 4 enlarged cross-section of the channel ensures a space for the penetration of the resin that can form a kind of lattice structure, which is also a participation of the Foam formed clearance zone ensures the stability of the forest.
Bevorzugt beträgt der Querschnitt gemäß Anspruch 5 mehr als das Zweifache des Querschnitts der Näh- oder Tuftingfaden, wodurch der Freiraum für das Kunstharz einerseits eine sehr gute Stabilisierung der räumlichen Struktur und andererseits eine dennoch ausreichende Flexibilität der Konstruktion sichert.Preferably, the cross section according to claim 5 is more than twice the cross section of the sewing or tufting thread, whereby the clearance for the resin on the one hand ensures a very good stabilization of the spatial structure and on the other hand still sufficient flexibility of the construction.
Fäden aus Glas- Karbon- oder Aramidmaterialien sind hochfest und sichern den Zusammenhalt der Gesamtstruktur auch unter extremen Belastungszuständen. DieThreads made of glass, carbon or aramide materials are highly durable and ensure the cohesion of the entire structure even under extreme load conditions. The
Filamentstruktur dieser Fäden gewährleistet darüber hinaus ein Eindringen des Harzes zwischen die Filamente, so dass die Fäden mit dem Harz in den Kanälen eine auch formschlüssige Bindung eingehen.Filament structure of these threads also ensures penetration of the resin between the filaments, so that the threads with the resin in the channels also form-fitting binding.
Besonders zum Tragen bezüglich der Stabilisierung einer Struktur kommen die Vorteile vorliegender Erfindung, wenn es sich um eine räumliche Struktur handelt. Der Fadeneintrag und die mit Harz gefüllten Kanäle stabilisieren dabei selbst auch eine Krümmung in ihrer gewünschten Form.Particularly useful with respect to the stabilization of a structure are the advantages of the present invention, if it is a spatial structure. The thread entry and the channels filled with resin thereby stabilize even a curvature in its desired shape.
Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand eines Ausfϊihrungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a Ausfϊihrungsbeispiels.
In den zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigenIn the accompanying drawings show
Figur 1 eine Sandwichstruktur gemäß dem Stand der Technik, wobei in derFigure 1 shows a sandwich structure according to the prior art, wherein in the
Darstellung die Naht besonders hervorgehoben ist undRepresentation of the seam is particularly highlighted and
Figur 2 eine erfindungsgemäße ebene SandwichstrukturFIG. 2 shows a planar sandwich structure according to the invention
Figur 3 eine erfindungsgemäße gekrümmte räumliche Sandwichstruktur.FIG. 3 shows a curved spatial sandwich structure according to the invention.
Die Erfindung umfasst also Formkörper, deren textile Flächengebilde jeweils in einer Ebene abgelegt sind ebenso wie nahezu beliebig gekrümmte.The invention thus comprises shaped bodies whose textile fabrics are each deposited in a plane as well as almost any curved.
In der Sandwichstruktur 1 gemäß dem Stand der Technik (Figur 1) ist zwischen zwei textilen Flächengebilden 2 und 3, die beispielsweise aus Mutiaxialgelegen aus Karbonfasem hergestellt sind, eine Schaumstoffschicht 4 angeordnet, die mittels Nähfaden 5 und Greiferfaden 8 aus Glasfilamenten mit den Flächengebilden 2 und 3 zu einer Sandwichstruktur 1 verbunden ist. Die Naht ist als Doppelkettenstich ausgebildet, die eine hohe Stabilität besitzt. Der Winkel α beträgt 15°.In the sandwich structure 1 according to the prior art (Figure 1) is between two textile fabrics 2 and 3, which are made for example Mutiaxialgelegen made of carbon fibers, a foam layer 4 arranged by means of sewing thread 5 and looper thread 8 of glass filaments with the fabrics 2 and 3 is connected to a sandwich structure 1. The seam is designed as a double chain stitch, which has a high stability. The angle α is 15 °.
Die erfindungsgemäße Sandwichstruktur 1 (Figur 2), welche dieselben grundsätzlichen Strukturelemente umfasst wie im Stand der Technik, ist demgegenüber dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Näh- 5 in einem Winkel α von +/-20° bis +/-70° zur Senkrechten auf die Oberfläche der textilen Flächengebilde 2 und 3 der Sandwichstruktur 1 verlaufen. Die Greiferfäden 8 wurden in Figur 2 der besseren Übersicht wegen weggelassen.The sandwich structure 1 according to the invention (FIG. 2), which comprises the same basic structural elements as in the prior art, is characterized in that the sewing 5 is inclined at an angle α of +/- 20 ° to +/- 70 ° to the perpendicular to the Surface of the textile fabrics 2 and 3 of the sandwich structure 1 run. The rapier threads 8 have been omitted in Figure 2 for the sake of clarity.
Um eine solche Naht herzustellen, muss der Nähkopf einer an sich bekannten Doppelkettenstichnähmaschine um den entsprechenden Winkel verstellt werden, wobei jedoch der Nähguttransport inklusive der intermittierenden Fixierung des Nähgutes der Ausrichtung des Nähgutes entspricht, die gegenüber der rechtwinkligen Fadenanordnung unverändert ist. Auf Grund der Neigung des Einstichverlaufes und der veränderten Schlaufenbildung ist eine Nadel zu verwenden, die das sichere Einstechen des Greifers gewährleisten soll und die hierfür entsprechend länger ist. Die erforderliche Länge der Nadel nimmt mit dem Winkel α zu.To make such a seam, the sewing head of a known per se Doppelkettenstichnähmaschine be adjusted by the appropriate angle, but the Nähguttransport including the intermittent fixation of the material corresponds to the orientation of the material, which is unchanged from the rectangular thread arrangement. Due to the inclination of the puncture course and the changed loop formation a needle is to be used, which is to ensure the safe penetration of the gripper and which is correspondingly longer. The required length of the needle increases with the angle α.
Die Flächengebilde 2 und 3 sind mit Harz 6, beispielsweise Epoxydharz, getränkt und stabilisiert. Das Harz dringt auch durch die ausreichend großen Kanäle 7 zwischen denThe sheets 2 and 3 are impregnated and stabilized with resin 6, for example epoxy resin. The resin also penetrates through the sufficiently large channels 7 between the
Flächengebilden. D.h. die Kanäle 7 nehmen nicht nur die Nähfäden 5 auf, sondern weisen auch den erforderlichen Freiraum für das Eindringen des Epoxydharzes 6 auf. Um einen geeigneten Kanalquerschnitt zu erzielen, haben die Nadeln, die den Nähfaden durch dieFabrics. That the channels 7 not only receive the sewing threads 5, but also have the required clearance for the penetration of the epoxy resin 6. In order to achieve a suitable channel cross section, the needles, which have the sewing thread through the
Schichten der Sandwichstruktur 1 führen, selbst eine Dicke, die den Durchmesser des Nähfadens 5 um mindestens das Dreifache übertrifft. Dadurch wird ein Kanalquerschnitt erzielt, der mindestens das Doppelte des Querschnitts der beiden Fadenabschnitte desLayers of the sandwich structure 1, even a thickness that exceeds the diameter of the suture 5 by at least three times. As a result, a channel cross-section is achieved which is at least twice the cross section of the two thread sections of the
Nähfadens 5 beträgt. Auf diese Weise ist genügend Freiraum vorhanden, um innerhalb derSewing thread 5 is. In this way, there is enough free space within the
Kanäle 7 außer den Fadenabschnitten des Nähfadens 5 noch eine ausreichende MengeChannels 7 except the thread sections of the suture 5 still a sufficient amount
Epoxydharz aufzunehmen. Die Nähfäden 5 werden förmlich in die Matrix aus Epoxydharz eingebettet und nehmen auf Grund ihrer Filamentstruktur selbst auch Harz auf.Epoxy resin record. The sewing threads 5 are formally embedded in the matrix of epoxy resin and, because of their filament structure, themselves absorb resin.
Bei einem weiteren Beispiel, welches in Figur 3 dargestellt ist, verlaufen die Kanäle der Sandwichstruktur 9 in Winkeln von etwa 45° abwechselnd in beiden Richtungen. Aus Gründen der Übersicht wurden die Nähfäden hier nicht mit eingezeichnet.In a further example, which is shown in FIG. 3, the channels of the sandwich structure 9 extend at angles of approximately 45 ° alternately in both directions. For reasons of clarity, the sewing threads were not drawn here.
Wie aus der Figur ersichtlich ist, ergibt sich daraus eine Gitter- oder Fachwerkstruktur, die eine optimale Stabilität des erfindungsgemäß strukturierten Formkörpers ergibt. Es ist daraus ersichtlich, dass nahezu beliebige räumliche Strukturen auf diese Weise stabilisiert werden können.As can be seen from the figure, this results in a lattice or truss structure, which results in optimum stability of the shaped body according to the invention. It can be seen that almost any spatial structures can be stabilized in this way.
In der Figur 3 sind nur Kanäle für zwei Nähte dargestellt. Das kann in Abhängigkeit von der Breite der Sandwichstruktur auch bereits ausreichend sein. In diesem Fall ist der Winkel des Einstichkanals 7 der einen Naht 10 α = 45° zur Senkrechten auf der Oberfläche respektive der Tangente an die Krümmung der Oberfläche und der Winkel des dahinter liegenden, gestrichelt dargestellten Einstichkanals 7 der anderen Naht 11 α = -45 . Dementsprechend sind die Nähköpfe um diese Winkel zur Vertikalen versetzt. Auch hier entspricht der Nähguttransport inklusive der intermittierenden Fixierung des Nähgutes der Ausrichtung des Nähgutes, die gegenüber der rechtwinkligen Fadenanordnung unverändert ist. Jedoch ist dem Versatz der Nähte Rechnung zu tragen, indem der Nähguttransport immer nur in der halben Teilung erfolgt und die Nähköpfe abwechselnd tätig sind. Des Weiteren ist die Krümmung des Nähgutes umzusetzen, indem die Transport- und Fixiereinrichtungen eine Form und einen Bewegungsablauf aufweisen, die .die Form der zu vernähenden Sandwichstruktur 9 berücksichtigen. Darüber hinaus ist hier die Nadellänge insbesondere dem Winkel α angemessen zu wählen.FIG. 3 shows only channels for two seams. This may already be sufficient depending on the width of the sandwich structure. In this case, the angle of the Einichkanals 7 of a seam 10 α = 45 ° to the vertical on the surface or the tangent to the curvature of the surface and the angle of the underlying, dashed represented puncture channel 7 of the other seam 11 α = -45. Accordingly, the sewing heads are offset by these angles to the vertical. Again, the Nähguttransport corresponds to the intermittent fixation of the material of the sewing of the material, which is unchanged from the rectangular thread arrangement. However, the offset of the seams is to be taken into account by the material transport always takes place only in half the pitch and the sewing heads are active alternately. Furthermore, the curvature of the sewing material is to be implemented by the transporting and fixing devices having a shape and a course of movement which take into account the shape of the sandwich structure 9 to be sewn. In addition, the needle length, in particular the angle α to choose appropriate here.
Wie weiter oben erwähnt, kann es sich bei der Verbindung der Sandwichstruktur 1 , 9 auch um eine Tuftingverbindung handeln, bei der keine zusätzliche Fixierung der Tuftingfaden an derAs mentioned above, the connection of the sandwich structure 1, 9 can also be a tufting connection, in which no additional fixation of the tufting thread on the
Unterseite der Sandwichstruktur erfolgt. Diese Tuftingfaden haften entweder in derBottom of the sandwich structure done. These tufting threads stick either in the
Schaumstoffschicht auf Grund deren Elastizität oder auf Grund des Harzes 6, welches denFoam layer due to their elasticity or due to the resin 6, which the
Kanal 7 füllt, falls dieser durch die Tuftingnadeln groß genug dafür hergestellt wurde.Channel 7 fills if it has been made large enough by the tufting needles.
Insgesamt erreicht eine solche Tuftingverbindung nicht die Festigkeit einer genähten Verbindung, ist aber mit einem geringeren Aufwand herstellbar. Die Auswahl richtet sich also nach den aus dem späteren Verwendungszweck resultierenden Anforderungen. Overall, such a tufting does not achieve the strength of a sewn connection, but can be produced with less effort. The selection thus depends on the requirements resulting from the later intended use.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Sandwichstruktur (1; 9) aus mittels Füllmaterialien (4) beabstandeten textilen Flächengebilden (2, 3) für die Anwendung in harzgebundenen schalenartigen Bauteilen, insbesondere in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, für Windkraftanlagen und im Automobil- und Bootsbau, wobei das Füllmaterial (4) zumindest weitgehend harzundurchlässig ist und die textilen Flächengebilde (2, 3) mit dem dazwischen liegenden Füllmaterial (4) durch Nähen oder Tuften verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Näh- oder Tuftingfäden (5; 10, 11) in einem Winkel α von +/- 20° bis +/- 70° zur Senkrechten auf die Oberfläche der textilen Flächengebilde (2, 3) in der Sandwichstruktur (1; 9) verlaufen.1. Sandwich structure (1; 9) of textile fabrics (2, 3) spaced apart by filling materials (4) for use in resin-bonded shell-like components, in particular in aerospace, for wind power plants and in automobile and boat construction, wherein the filling material (4) is at least substantially resin impermeable and the textile fabrics (2, 3) are connected to the intermediate filling material (4) by sewing or tufting, characterized in that the sewing or tufting threads (5; 10, 11) at an angle α extend from +/- 20 ° to +/- 70 ° to the perpendicular to the surface of the textile fabrics (2, 3) in the sandwich structure (1, 9).
2. Sandwichstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkel α +/- 40° bis +/- 50° beträgt.2. sandwich structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle α +/- 40 ° to +/- 50 °.
3. Sandwichstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass benachbarte Fäden (10, 11) in ihrer Eintragsrichtung nach entgegengesetzten Richtungen von der Senkrechten auf die Oberfläche der textilen Flächengebilde (2, 3) in der Sandwichstruktur (1; 9) abweichen.Sandwich structure according to claim 1, characterized in that adjacent threads (10, 11) deviate in their direction of insertion in opposite directions from the perpendicular to the surface of the textile fabrics (2, 3) in the sandwich structure (1, 9).
4. Sandwichstruktur nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durch die den Näh- oder Tuftingfäden (5; 10, 11) eintragenden Nadeln erzeugten Kanäle (7) in der Sandwichstruktur (1; 9) einen Querschnitt aufweisen, der größer ist als der Querschnitt der eingetragenen Fäden (5) und dass die freien Querschnitte der Kanäle durch Harz (8) ausgefüllt sind.Sandwich structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the channels (7) produced by the needling or tufting threads (5; 10, 11) in the sandwich structure (1; 9) have a cross-section which is greater than the cross section of the registered threads (5) and that the free cross sections of the channels are filled by resin (8).
5. Sandwichstruktur nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnitt der Kanäle (7) mehr als das Zweifache des Querschnittes der innerhalb der Kanäle (7) verlaufenden Fäden (5; 10, 11) beträgt. 5. Sandwich structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the cross section of the channels (7) is more than twice the cross section of the threads (5, 10, 11) running inside the channels (7).
6. Sandwichstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fäden (5; 10, 11) aus Glas- Karbon- oder Aramidmaterialien gebildet sind.6. Sandwich structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the threads (5; 10, 11) are formed from glass carbon or aramid materials.
7. Sandwichstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine räumliche Struktur (9) mit gekrümmten Oberflächen aufweist. 7. Sandwich structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a spatial structure (9) with curved surfaces.
PCT/EP2007/004098 2006-10-25 2007-05-09 Sandwich structure comprising textile flat structures which are spaced apart by means of filling materials, for use in resin-bonded shell-like components WO2008049469A1 (en)

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DE102006044009.9 2006-10-25
DE102006044009A DE102006044009A1 (en) 2006-05-11 2006-10-25 Sandwich structure, useful in resin-bonded shell components, e.g. for aircraft, comprises textile sheets spaced by filler material and connected by angled threads or tufts providing high stability

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016204058A1 (en) 2015-03-12 2016-09-15 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Sandwich component or sandwich semifinished product
WO2016142517A1 (en) 2015-03-12 2016-09-15 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle component with at least one sandwich part

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DE2236479A1 (en) * 1972-07-25 1974-02-07 Erich Sennebogen Foam core bonding - with drillings carrying glass fibre rovings
US4196251A (en) * 1979-04-16 1980-04-01 International Harvester Company Rigidized resinous foam core sandwich structure
EP0672805A1 (en) * 1994-03-17 1995-09-20 Joseph Maquet Panel consisting of at least three flat elements
DE19726831A1 (en) * 1997-06-24 1999-01-07 Liba Maschf Laying mechanism for layers of prepared yarns
WO2005072940A1 (en) * 2004-01-14 2005-08-11 Chomarat Composites Novel reinforcing stiffening wire complex

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2236479A1 (en) * 1972-07-25 1974-02-07 Erich Sennebogen Foam core bonding - with drillings carrying glass fibre rovings
US4196251A (en) * 1979-04-16 1980-04-01 International Harvester Company Rigidized resinous foam core sandwich structure
EP0672805A1 (en) * 1994-03-17 1995-09-20 Joseph Maquet Panel consisting of at least three flat elements
DE69415497T2 (en) * 1994-03-17 1999-07-22 Joseph Dunkerque Maquet Plate consisting of at least three flat elements
DE19726831A1 (en) * 1997-06-24 1999-01-07 Liba Maschf Laying mechanism for layers of prepared yarns
WO2005072940A1 (en) * 2004-01-14 2005-08-11 Chomarat Composites Novel reinforcing stiffening wire complex

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016204058A1 (en) 2015-03-12 2016-09-15 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Sandwich component or sandwich semifinished product
WO2016142517A1 (en) 2015-03-12 2016-09-15 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle component with at least one sandwich part
CN107107536A (en) * 2015-03-12 2017-08-29 宝马股份公司 Vehicle part with least one sandwich component
US10525659B2 (en) 2015-03-12 2020-01-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle component with at least one sandwich part
CN107107536B (en) * 2015-03-12 2020-04-14 宝马股份公司 Vehicle component with at least one sandwich element

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