DE102019126609A1 - Tubular reinforcement element, process for its production, use, global reinforcement, printer description file and concrete component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tubular reinforcement element (1) which is designed in a grid-like manner using at least one continuously arranged, crossing yarn (2). According to the invention, the intersecting sections (3) of the yarn (2) are connected to one another in such a way that the connection has such a shear elasticity that the reinforcement element (1) is equipped for an intended extensibility in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the reinforcement element (1). The invention also relates to a method for producing the tubular reinforcing element (1) by weaving, braiding or winding the lattice structure from a yarn (2). Further aspects of the invention relate to a global reinforcement, a use and a printer description file.

Description

The invention relates to a tubular reinforcement element which is designed in a grid-like manner using at least one continuously arranged, intersecting yarn, and a method for its production. The invention further relates to a global reinforcement for a concrete component, comprising at least one reinforcement element, a use of a reinforcement element and a printer description file for producing a reinforcement element or a part of the reinforcement element. The printer description file also includes a procedure or algorithm for automatic thread deposition. The invention also relates to a concrete component with which, for example, a structure can be formed.

From the pamphlet DE 10 2015 100 386 A1 a reinforcement element is known that is constructed as a bar and is essentially one-dimensionally effective. The rod has filaments embedded in a matrix material. The filaments are aligned in a pulling direction and are essentially completely surrounded by a mineral matrix material. Fine concrete or a suspension with fine cement is provided as the matrix material.

The use of high-performance reinforcement elements of this type, in which carbon fibers are used and have strengths in the range of 2000 - 4000 N / mm ² , results in the need for force transmission between the reinforcement elements and the concrete matrix material. The high forces of the carbon reinforcement must be introduced into the concrete in a targeted manner in order to be able to use the potential of the carbon fibers efficiently. Short anchoring lengths are also possible with the use of carbon elements in order to be able to guarantee economic use.

In the case of rods, for example carbon rods, in order to improve the bond, analogous to the reinforcement steel, attempts are made to ensure a sufficient bond by means of suitable surface profiling. Various concepts are pursued to achieve a composite load-bearing capacity, since a rib structure, which is common in steel reinforcement elements, is not possible or inefficient due to the anisotropy of the carbon fibers. Carbon rods are therefore provided, for example, with an additional layer of sand, whereby the adhesive and friction bond can be improved compared to a smooth carbon rod. Further variants of carbon rods are the application of a subsequent rib structure, for example made of synthetic resin, the subsequent wrapping of individual fiber strands, shape variation of the carbon rods in the manufacturing process to improve the bond or the subsequent milling to produce negative ribs, also known as grooves.

Various elements are used as reinforcement in carbon or textile concrete. Both fabrics, for example biaxial, multiaxial or three-dimensional fabrics, and rods can be used. Such a scrim, which forms a textile reinforcement for a concrete component from yarn free of polymeric binders, is described in the publication DE 10 2016 100 455 A1 , including a method and apparatus for producing it. A laying device is provided in which a positioning device or a laying robot is arranged to be movable in two dimensions relative to a yarn dispensing device. The laying device is designed to form a tensioning structure from yarn free of polymeric binders within a base frame. The base frame has yarn holding devices in the area of outer edges of the base frame and / or of recesses, the yarn holding devices at the same time forming deflection points of the yarn.

Further three-dimensional structures are known from the prior art. This is how the publications describe DE 10 2014 200 792 B4 and EP 2 530 217 B1 Flat structures that form a textile reinforcement structure by means of a spacer structure or as a spacer fabric or knitted fabric that has already been manufactured in three dimensions. From the pamphlet DE 10 2016 124 226 A1 a lattice girder is also known, the effect of which is also based on a flat textile reinforcement element, which is formed by flocking thread-like or yarn-like individual elements that serve as sections of a belt and struts. In all cases, however, the large-area structure is not suitable for effectively replacing discrete reinforcement elements such as reinforcing bars or reinforcing cages.

The solution from the publication DE 10 2012 101 498 A1 also provides a textile grid through which the matrix material can easily penetrate. For this purpose, it is also provided to bring the textile grid, which is initially manufactured as a flat structure, into a U-shape and thus to obtain a discrete reinforcement element. However, the open U-shape is less rigid than closed cross-sectional shapes.

The object of the present invention is therefore to offer a tubular reinforcement element which is designed in a grid-like manner using at least one continuously arranged, crossing yarn and which enables an improved bond with a matrix material and improved rigidity.

The object is achieved by a tubular reinforcing element which is designed in a grid-like manner using at least one continuously arranged, intersecting yarn, the diameter of the reinforcing element z. B. is constant or variable over the length. It is true that a plurality of yarns are preferably used, which are fed from a spool in each case during the production of the reinforcement element and with one yarn in each case forming a "lattice bar" of the grid that forms the outer surface of the tubular reinforcement element. As an alternative, however, it is provided that only one yarn from a single bobbin is used and deflected and deposited in such a way that the lattice shape is also formed. In that case the yarn crosses itself in different layers.

According to the invention, the intersecting sections of the yarn are connected to one another in such a way that the connection has such a shear elasticity that the reinforcement element is equipped for an intended extensibility in the direction of the longitudinal axis and at the same time transversely to the longitudinal axis, in the transverse direction. The shear elasticity describes the elasticity during the counter-rotating or pivoting movement of the intersecting yarns or yarn sections around the intersection point. A higher shear elasticity leads to higher extensibility of the reinforcement element, the deformation taking place in the direction of the longitudinal axis and at the same time transversely to the longitudinal axis, in the transverse direction.

For this purpose, the lattice shape is preferably woven, braided, laid or wound, with other influencing factors naturally also leading to the ultimately effective elasticity or rigidity. As a result, concrete structural modules are still held together even in the event of an overload. The influencing factors also include the matrix material in which the reinforcement element is embedded and with which it is filled. The dimensions of the reinforcement element are also important.

Advantageously, the intersecting sections of the yarn in the area of the lattice intersections by material means, such as. B. gluing or welding, or mechanical means, such as. B. by sewing connected. The properties of these connections, in particular their shear strength against torsion or pivoting of the intersecting yarn sections against each other, fundamentally and essentially determine the shear strength and, moreover, the extensibility or rigidity of the reinforcement element.

The gluing of the grid crossings, the stabilization of the pipe shape as a whole and the load transfer also to the internal fibers can be done in different ways. According to a first embodiment of the method according to the invention, the stabilization is achieved by means of fixing by means of a curable resin. This can be applied after the yarn has been laid down, after the tubular shape has been produced, or the yarn is impregnated with the curable resin before the yarn is laid down. For this purpose, the impregnation can take place immediately before the yarn is laid or the yarn is supplied already impregnated, in which case the resin contained must be protected from undesired, premature hardening.

The curable matrix material is preferably reactive resins, such as. B. epoxy resin, or aqueous dispersions, e.g. B. based on acrylate or styrene butadiene into consideration.

According to a second embodiment of the method according to the invention, the yarn, as a hybrid yarn, is provided with thermoplastic and thus thermally activated synthetic fibers in addition to the load-bearing fibers. These can be activated by the action of heat by melting them, and after hardening ensure a connection of the fibers of the yarn that are suitable for load transfer, so that the same effects are achieved as when using a hardenable resin.

One embodiment of the reinforcement element according to the invention provides that a matrix material is provided in the interior of the reinforcement element and in this a further longitudinal reinforcement, at least one electrical line, at least one fluid line and / or an empty pipe, in one of the aforementioned lines or the longitudinal reinforcement with or without prestress can be withdrawn subsequently, are embedded.

According to an alternative embodiment of the reinforcement element according to the invention, an inner cavity is provided in the reinforcement element, which is kept free of matrix material of a concrete component. The introduction of a tow or other load-bearing element into the interior of the reinforcement element through the cavity enables global reinforcement that extends beyond the individual reinforced concrete structural elements and can absorb forces as an additional safeguard in the event of failure.

In the following, a form of use of the tubular reinforcement element is also referred to as global reinforcement, in contrast to local reinforcement. Based on the conventional textile concrete technology, a local basic reinforcement is provided with reinforcement structures, with which the stresses under the relevant service load conditions, for example for a reinforced concrete structural element, are safe can be included. In addition, higher-level global reinforcement strands, for example tows with a net-like sheathing, which can be wound, braided, woven or laid, ensure high load reserves under extreme conditions. They are designed with a very high elasticity, so that when they are activated, a high component ductility results. Thus, the global reinforcement ensures that the cohesion of the entire supporting structure is guaranteed even after a possible failure of the local basic reinforcement due to a possible extreme load. The global reinforcement lies on the load path of the local reinforcement and acts as an additional safety element in the event of overload. Under normal load conditions, the global reinforcements increase the rigidity of the concrete component.

It has proven to be advantageous for certain applications if the wall of the empty pipe or of the cavity in the tubular reinforcement element is made airtight and watertight so that gases or liquids can be transported or passed through therein. A further sealing of the pipe wall is then unnecessary. Further functional coatings are optionally provided. Thus, an inner and / or outer coating can be applied, which controls a connection to a surrounding matrix material or at least partially prevents it or, alternatively, the connection can be improved. This allows the stiffness of the reinforcement and thus that of the component to be adjusted as required. The stiffness is highest when the connection is stronger, especially when the matrix material can enclose the yarn.

In an advantageous embodiment of the reinforcement element according to the invention, this is itself, due to the electrical properties of the material used, electrically conductive, such as. B. in the case of carbon fibers, or if the material is provided with an electrically conductive coating. Electrical energy or electrical signals can then be passed directly through the reinforcement element. However, electrical heating can also be achieved via the electrical lines formed in this way, v. a. with an appropriately set resistance. To regulate the heating, the inside of the reinforcement element can also be filled with a matrix material that has an electrical resistance that is variable as a function of temperature. In addition, according to an advantageous further development of this embodiment, the interior of the reinforcement element is filled with an electrolyte in order to achieve short-term energy storage by means of a capacitor effect.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a reinforcing element as described above. The production takes place by weaving, braiding or winding the lattice structure from one yarn, preferably from several yarns. According to the invention it is provided that the intersections of the at least one yarn are fixed by gluing, welding or sewing. As a result, the mutually crossing yarns can be restricted in their mobility relative to one another in a defined manner and the mechanical properties, in particular the shear elasticity of the reinforcement element, can be controlled or adjusted as a whole.

One embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that a cavity is created in the interior of the reinforcement element embedded in the matrix material. In particular, the cavity is created in such a way that an airtight hose is inserted into the interior of the reinforcement element and the hose is expanded by an applied fluid pressure to a diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the cavity to be created. The matrix material, in particular concrete, is then applied and, after the matrix material has hardened, the fluid pressure in the hose is released. The method according to the invention is not limited to a hose with a circular cross-section; instead, any cross-sectional shape that corresponds to the desired internal geometry can be used.

Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is used to maintain a load reserve. The inside of the reinforcement element is initially filled with a hardened matrix material. If this breaks in the event of overload and the point of break is stretched, a constriction forms and the reinforcement element simultaneously activates a load reserve by developing a ductile load-bearing capacity. The stretching and the associated movement of the structure ensures a structural failure announcement, which is required in the building industry, by exceeding the load-bearing capacity.

The object of the invention is also achieved by a global reinforcement for a concrete component, comprising at least one reinforcement element, as described above. According to the invention, the at least one reinforcement element by means of at least one connecting element to a local reinforcement, such as. B. a reinforcement mat, or connected to another reinforcement element as described above directly or at a distance. An element for cross-component force transmission is guided through the empty pipe or the cavity in the reinforcement element, so that the concrete component is connected to another concrete component in a force-conducting manner. The connecting element is advantageously designed as a tape loop or in the form of a spiral, an insertion hook preferably being included to facilitate assembly of the spiral-shaped connecting element.

The global reinforcement is a reinforcement that comprises the reinforcement element according to the invention, designed as a reticulated, braided, woven, wound or scrim tube, in particular based on carbon fibers, as well as the integrated longitudinal reinforcement made of carbon rods or tows. The global reinforcement is preferably located on the inside of the concrete layer, thus inside the component. An alternative arrangement of the global reinforcement is a position that changes from the inner to the outer surface and / or vice versa. For this purpose, the reinforcement element is connected to the local reinforcement via connecting elements, for example designed as a tape loop or spiral, and filled with an expandable, flexible and later removable material during concreting, as described above. The hoses are completely encased in concrete during manufacture.

Then, after concreting and manufacturing the elements, the filling material can be removed from the hoses. After assembling and connecting the elements, the carbon rods or tows are pulled through the cavities, making the global reinforcement functional. Finally, the remaining cavities can be grouted with grout, which creates a bond between the carbon rod or tow and the concrete base layer and improves the overall load-bearing behavior of the system. The bond between the carbon towers and the braided hose surrounded by fine concrete, the reinforcement element according to the invention, has a considerable influence on the load-bearing behavior.

While carbon tows have a material-related high rigidity, strength and brittleness, the reinforcement element according to the invention, designed as a braided, woven, wound or scrim tube, in particular made of carbon fibers, is above all comparatively soft and elastic. The interaction of the two reinforcements, the local reinforcement and the global reinforcement, ensures the required ductility of the composite material and ensures the announcement of structural failure, which is required in construction, if the load-bearing capacity is exceeded. The maximum utilization of the load-bearing reserve of the material goes hand in hand with large deformations, which indicate that overloading has occurred and thus already announce the imminent complete structural failure.

A particularly advantageous use of the reinforcement element according to the invention thus arises when an element for cross-component force introduction and in particular force transmission, for example a bound or unbound rod, roving, tow or strand, is passed through the empty pipe or the cavity as a global reinforcement. As a result, the concrete component can be connected to another concrete component and a global reinforcement, as described above, is created.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a reinforcement element, as described above, as a guide channel for supplementary reinforcement, in particular the global reinforcement, but also as a prestressing channel, ductility reinforcement, as a fluid line or as a guide channel for a fluid line, a power line or a line for others for electrical functions such as B. a control line. The guide channel serves in particular to accommodate a reinforcement element to be axially loaded lying within. This represents an embodiment of the global reinforcement and is used in the event of failure of the concrete component or the component in question.

The reinforcement element can also accommodate reinforcement that is prestressed and permanently loaded. It then serves as a preload channel. When used as ductility reinforcement, the mechanical properties of the reinforcement element itself come into play, as it can develop a load reserve in the event of an overload under a high degree of deformation. Furthermore, the inner cavity is suitable for receiving the various lines over the entire concrete component, over the boundaries of the concrete structural elements.

The invention also relates to a printer description file for the production of a reinforcement element or a part of the reinforcement element, as described above, in a method of additive or generative manufacturing, e.g. B by a 3D printer. In particular, this relates to the connecting element. The printer description file also includes a procedure or algorithm for automatic thread deposition.

• 1: schematisch in perspektivischer Ansicht eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements;
• 2: schematisch einen perspektivischen vergrößerten Ausschnitt einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements;
• 3: schematisch in seitlicher und geschnittener Ansicht eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements und dessen Einbettung in ein Matrixmaterial;
• 4: schematisch einen Abschnitt sich kreuzender Garne bei einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements;
• 5: schematisch in perspektivischer und seitlicher Ansicht drei Ausführungsformen erfindungsgemäßer Bewehrungselemente, die sich in der Ausbildung des Abschnitts sich kreuzender Garne unterscheiden;
• 6: schematisch verschiedene Ausführungsformen erfindungsgemäßer Bewehrungselemente und ihrer Einbettung in Matrixmaterialien;
• 7: schematisch in seitlicher Ansicht und Ansicht von vorn eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements mit Beschichtung;
• 8: schematisch in seitlicher Ansicht eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements und die Aktivierung einer Lastreserve;
• 9: schematisch in perspektivischer und geschnittener Ansicht zwei Ausführungsformen eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements und deren innere Hohlraumprofile;
• 10: schematisch die Verfahrensschritte zur Herstellung einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements mit Hohlraum;
• 11: schematisch in perspektivischer Ansicht eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements beim Einsatz als Globalbewehrung;
• 12: schematisch in perspektivischer Ansicht eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements in einer Verbindung mit weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselementen;
• 13: schematisch in perspektivischer Ansicht und Ansicht von vorn eine Ausführungsform eines spiralförmigen Verbindungselements für erfindungsgemäße Bewehrungselemente;
• 14: schematisch in perspektivischer Ansicht eine weitere Ausführungsform eines spiralförmigen Verbindungselements für erfindungsgemäße Bewehrungselemente;
• 15: schematisch in perspektivischer Ansicht eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements beim Einsatz als Globalbewehrung;
• 16: schematisch in perspektivischer Ansicht eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungselements mit variierendem Durchmesser;
• 17: schematisch in perspektivischer Ansicht ein Betonbauteil, umfassend eine Ausführungsform erfindungsgemäßer Bewehrungselemente und
• 18: eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Betonbauteils.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the description of exemplary embodiments and their representation in the associated drawings. Show it:

• 1 : schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention;
• 2 : schematically a perspective enlarged detail of an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention;
• 3 : schematically in side and sectional view an embodiment of a Reinforcement element according to the invention and its embedding in a matrix material;
• 4th : schematically a section of intersecting yarns in an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention;
• 5 : schematically, in a perspective and side view, three embodiments of reinforcing elements according to the invention, which differ in the design of the section of intersecting yarns;
• 6th : schematically different embodiments of reinforcement elements according to the invention and their embedding in matrix materials;
• 7th : schematically, in a side view and front view, an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention with a coating;
• 8th : schematically in a side view an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention and the activation of a load reserve;
• 9 : schematically, in a perspective and sectional view, two embodiments of a reinforcing element according to the invention and their inner cavity profiles;
• 10 : schematically, the method steps for producing an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention with a cavity;
• 11 : schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention when used as global reinforcement;
• 12th : schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention in connection with further reinforcement elements according to the invention;
• 13th : schematically, in a perspective view and view from the front, an embodiment of a spiral-shaped connecting element for reinforcing elements according to the invention;
• 14th : a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a spiral connecting element for reinforcing elements according to the invention;
• 15th : a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention when used as a global reinforcement;
• 16 : schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention with a varying diameter;
• 17th : a schematic perspective view of a concrete component, comprising an embodiment of reinforcement elements according to the invention and
• 18th : a schematic perspective illustration of an embodiment of a concrete component according to the invention.

1 shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention 1 made of spirally laid yarns intertwined with one another, for example in a fabric-like manner 2 consists. Due to the spiral filing of the individual yarns 2 in different directions arise between the yarns 2 crossing sections 3 .

In the preferred embodiment, different yarns cross each other, each of which is taken from its own bobbin. As an alternative to this, it is also provided that only one thread is removed from a single bobbin and placed in the desired manner (cf. 5 ) is wrapped. In that case the yarn crosses 2 in the crossing sections 3 each with itself.

2 shows schematically a perspective section of an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention 1 , the yarns intertwined with one another in a fabric-like manner 2 and the formation of the intersecting sections 3 , framed in a box (compare also 4th with an enlarged view of this area), can be seen more clearly.

3 shows schematically in a side and sectional view an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention 1 , comprising yarns 2 , and its embedding in a matrix material 4th of a concrete component, which is also the inside of the reinforcement element 1 fills out.

4th shows schematically and enlarged a section 3 crossing yarns 2 an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention 1 . In the section 3 is the movement of the yarn 2 if the reinforcement element 1 is subjected to tension or compression, indicated by arrows. Depending on the type and in particular the rigidity of the connection in the section 3 (compare 5 ) sets the reinforcement element 1 Train or pressure counter a higher or lower resistance.

5 shows schematically in perspective and side views three embodiments of reinforcing elements according to the invention 1 that are in the training of the section 3 with the crossing yarns 2 distinguish. The illustration under letter a) shows, as in the 1 to 3 shown, a reinforcement element made in the manner of a fabric 1 . The single yarn 2 lies alternately above and below the yarn, which is laid in a spiral in the other direction 2 .

With the winding technique, as shown in the illustration under letter b), all yarns lie 2 the first winding direction under the yarns 2 the second winding direction. The stability according to embodiment a), which is present in accordance with the effect of a fabric, is not given, as are the intersecting sections 3 must therefore be secured in another way, in particular materially (for example chemically by gluing).

The same type of winding as under letter b) is also shown in the embodiment under letter c), but here supplemented by a connection of the sections 3 'by sewing stitches. Accordingly, this is a mechanical connection of the sections 3 ' . Nevertheless, this connection can be supplemented by a material security. In any case, the type of connection, in particular its strength and rigidity, influences the ductility of the reinforcement element 1 .

6th shows schematically different embodiments of reinforcement elements according to the invention 1 and their embedding in matrix materials 4th or. 6th . The control of the connection between the reinforcement element plays a role here 1 and the matrix material surrounding it 4th a prominent role. This control is achieved in particular by a coating 5 (compare also 7th ), which is a separating layer between the reinforcement element 1 or the yarn 2 on the one hand and the matrix material 4th or 6th on the other hand forms. The matrix material can be used as the inner matrix material 4th of the concrete component (compare variants c and a) or a separate matrix material 6th (compare variants d, b and, derived from them, variants e, f and g) are used.

The coating described above 5 is used for the variants shown under letters c) and d). In addition to the control of the strength of the connection or the control of the introduction of force, other effects can also be achieved with it, for example the electrical conductivity is improved or achieved or an aging of the yarns used 2 caused by contact with the matrix material 4th or 6th , be prevented.

The use of the inner matrix material 6th also enables the integration of further functions such as those shown under letters e) to g) (but not limited to them). This includes the installation of flexible lines for liquids, gases or electricity or data lines. Furthermore, additional elements for introducing forces can be laid in it and thus a global reinforcement can be formed. Rods, rovings, ropes or strands with or without pre-tensioning, bound or unbound, can be considered as additional elements.

7th shows schematically in a side view and front view an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention 1 with coating 5 , with which in particular the connection and power transmission between the reinforcement element 1 and a matrix material can be controlled. However, other functions can also be implemented (see explanations for 6th ).

8th shows schematically in a side view an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention 1 and the effect of the global reinforcement. The one with an inner matrix material 6th provided reinforcement element 1 (Letter a) is overloaded (letter b) and an inner break point, not visible from the outside in the illustration 22nd arises. After that, a conditional on the reinforcement element 1 acting tensile force that extends the area of the breaking point 22nd lengthens and at the same time constricts in the transverse direction (see letters c) and d). Is the constriction 23 strong enough and the breaking point stretched accordingly, the effect of the global or ductility reinforcement occurs, which has activated a load reserve and at the same time shows a high degree of deformation. The deformation indicates impending structural failure.

The shown embodiment of a global reinforcement comes without an additional element, such as one inside the reinforcement element 1 arranged tow, and also has a desired high ductility.

9 shows schematically in a perspective and sectional view two embodiments of a reinforcing element according to the invention 1 and their profiles that can be used inside, the hoses 18th , 18 'and the rubber profiles 24 , 24 ', each showing the formation of a cavity 17th with a corresponding cross-section (compare 10 ) when introducing a matrix material.

The representation according to letter a) shows the possibilities of a profiled cavity inside the reinforcement element according to the invention 1 to manufacture. This is done either by means of a rubber profile 24 'or a hose 18', which can be pressurized inside by means of a fluid (see also the process sequence as described in FIG 10 is described).

The illustration under letter b) shows the same, but where a cavity with a circular cross-section is produced. A hose is used for this 18th with a corresponding circular cross-section or a rubber profile 24 with a similar cross-section.

10 shows schematically the method steps for producing an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention 1 with cavity 17th . For this purpose, as shown under letter a), is the reinforcement element 1 by means of a tape loop 13th on a local reinforcement 19th , for example a flat reinforcement mat attached. Inside the reinforcement element 1 as shown under letter b), the hose 18th introduced. This is, cf. the illustration under letter c), applied inside with a pressure, for example air pressure, and immediately thereafter the matrix material 4th , especially concrete, applied. The internal pressure in the hose 18th ensures that despite the stress caused by the matrix material 4th the cavity 17th remains. After the matrix material has hardened 4th becomes the pressure in the hose 18th decreased and the hose 18th even can from the now created cavity 17th can also be removed if it is not to be used for other purposes, for example for sealing or use as a fluid line.

11 shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention 1 , especially when used for global reinforcement. In contrast to local reinforcement, a form of use of the tubular reinforcement element is used as global reinforcement 1 referred to in the present illustration. First of all, there is the reinforcement element 1 by means of a spiral connecting element 12th with a local reinforcement 19th , here a flat reinforcement mesh. The reinforcement mat can also be shaped three-dimensionally in a free form.

For the production of the global reinforcement for high load reserves under extreme conditions and in the event of overload, superordinate global reinforcement strands, for example tows with a net-like sheathing, which can be wound, braided, woven or laid, are introduced into the finished concrete component composed of the concrete structure modules. The continuous cavity in the reinforcement element is used for this purpose 1 . Due to the very high elasticity, a high component ductility is created during activation. Thus, the global reinforcement ensures that even after a possible failure of the local basic reinforcement due to a possible extreme load, the cohesion of the entire supporting structure is guaranteed.

The global reinforcement consists of tows, ie very thick carbon fiber strands with fiber strand diameters of, for example, 15 mm ² (> 3000 kN), which span the entire building structure in accordance with the load path. In the event of sudden overstressing and failure of the primary reinforcement, the local reinforcement or the basic reinforcement, the tensile forces to be absorbed are transferred to the global reinforcement (or secondary reinforcement), which then ensures the load-bearing capacity of the overall structure.

As an alternative to the implementation of global reinforcement strands through the reinforcement element, the reinforcement element itself can also be designed to be continuous via the concrete structure modules and also be concreted in. In this way, too, global reinforcement is achieved.

In order to announce a possible structural failure early and through a clearly noticeable increase in deformation, the global reinforcement is surrounded by a textile structure in the form of a tubular, interwoven or otherwise manufactured reinforcement elements according to the invention with axially integrated rovings, hereinafter also referred to as ductility reinforcement, which with a significant increase in deformation absorbs the loads on the supporting structure. By utilizing the high energy absorption capacity of the ductility reinforcement in the case of large deformations, high efficiency can be achieved with little use of resources, so that for this purpose significantly smaller yarn cross-sections (<5 mm ² ) than with the global reinforcement, which also has separate additional elements such as tows introduced into the reinforcement element according to the invention required, are required.

12th shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention 1 in connection with further reinforcement elements according to the invention 1 , where again (compare also 11 ) the spiral connecting element 12th is used. The reinforcement elements 1 can run parallel, as shown, or have a different orientation.

13th shows schematically an embodiment of a spiral connecting element in a perspective view and view from the front 12th for the connection of reinforcement elements according to the invention 1 . The dimensions of the spiral connector 12th , the length, the spiral diameter or the pitch of the spiral are determined based on the requirements. An insertion hook brings additional advantages 14th , with which an easier insertion of the connecting element 12th into a local reinforcement, such as a reinforcement mesh, into another reinforcement element 1 or another Reinforcement element is made possible in three-dimensional form.

The movements as they occur when installing the fastener 12th are required are given the reference symbols 15th for the rotary movement and the resulting longitudinal movement 16 designated in more detail in the screwing direction by means of arrows.

14th shows schematically in a perspective view a further embodiment of a spiral connecting element 12 ' for reinforcement elements according to the invention 1 . Here is a diameter of the spiral connecting element that varies over the length 12 ' provided that a designated distance between the reinforcement element during assembly 1 and local reinforcement 19th enables.

15th shows schematically in a perspective view a further embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention 1 for use as global reinforcement, whereby the connection with the local reinforcement 19th in a simple way by means of tape loops 13th he follows.

16 shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention 1 where the yarn 2 with over the length of the reinforcement element 1 varying diameter is laid, wound or, in the specific case, woven.

17th shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a concrete component 20th , comprising an embodiment of reinforcement elements according to the invention 1 . The concrete component 20th is composed of several concrete structure modules 21 , their connection with one another by an edge connection not specifically designated here 40 (see. 18th ), optionally also made possible by the global reinforcement. This can be done, for example, by the reinforcement element 1 with introduced reinforcement, especially a strand 9 (cf. also 18th ), respectively. The strand 9 holds several concrete structure modules 21 together and ensures additional stability of the concrete component 20th .

An alternative embodiment of the concrete component according to the invention 20th provides that the reinforcement element 1 even several concrete structure modules 21 summarizes. This requires the individual concrete structure modules 21 to be concreted together and after assembly, with the reinforcement element at the same time 1 that is built over several concrete structure modules 21 runs, is set in concrete. It connects with it in addition to the edge connections 40 the concrete structure modules 21 together. An additional backup is still possible.

18th shows in a section a schematic perspective illustration of an embodiment of a concrete component according to the invention 20th . In the embodiment shown, this is shown as a sandwich element, so that the concrete structure modules 21 of the two shells each by means of a separate edge connection 40 with the adjacent concrete structure module 21 are connected. The area of the local reinforcement shown without concrete cover 19th illustrates the interlocking of the yarn loops 34 each for local reinforcement 19th of the two adjacent concrete structure modules 21 belong.

There is also a shear reinforcement 36 , a box-shaped reinforcement made of a textile lattice-like structure is shown, which engages both in the two shells of the sandwich element, and represents the connection and spacing structure between the two shells.

Furthermore, the tubular reinforcement element 1 provided that enables the introduction of high forces in the intended direction and dissipates them. The reinforcement element 1 can also force forces across several concrete structural modules 21 derive away. There is also a strand 9 into the interior of the reinforcement element 1 introduced. The strand 9 connects several concrete structure modules 21 with each other and can be global via the concrete structure modules 21 or the concrete component 20th absorb forces, for example in the event of a failure of the edge connection 40 , and thus ensures the function of a global reinforcement.

List of reference symbols

1

Reinforcement element

2

yarn

3, 3 '

crossing section

4th

Matrix material (concrete component)

5

Coating

6th

inner matrix material

7th

Conduit

8th

Longitudinal reinforcement

9

strand

10

Fluid line

11

electrical line

12, 12 '

spiral connector

13th

Tape loop

14th

Insertion hook

15th

Rotary motion

16

Longitudinal movement

17th

cavity

18th

tube

19th

local reinforcement

20th

Concrete component

21

Concrete structure module

22nd

Breaking point

23

Constriction

24

Rubber profile

34

Loop of yarn

36

Shear reinforcement

40

Edge connection

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102015100386 A1 [0002]
• DE 102016100455 A1 [0005]
• DE 102014200792 B4 [0006]
• EP 2530217 B1 [0006]
• DE 102016124226 A1 [0006]
• DE 102012101498 A1 [0007]

Claims (16)

Tubular reinforcement element (1) which is designed in a grid-like manner using at least one continuously arranged, crossing yarn (2), characterized in that the crossing sections (3) of the at least one yarn (2) are connected to one another in such a way that the connection has such a shear elasticity that the reinforcement element (1) is equipped for an intended extensibility in the direction of a longitudinal axis and transversely to the longitudinal axis of the reinforcement element (1). Reinforcement element according to Claim 1 wherein the intersecting sections (3) of the yarn (2) are connected by material means or mechanical means. Reinforcement element according to Claim 1 or 2 The interior of the reinforcement element (1) is at least partially filled with a hardened matrix material (6) which breaks when overloaded and wherein the reinforcement element is stretched at the breaking point, forming a constriction and at the same time activating a load reserve by developing a ductile load-bearing property . Reinforcement element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a matrix material (6) is provided in the interior of the reinforcement element (1) and in this a further longitudinal reinforcement (8), at least one electrical line (11), at least one fluid line (10) and / or an empty pipe (7) are embedded. Reinforcement element according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , wherein an inner cavity (17) of the reinforcement element (1) of matrix material (4) of a concrete component (20) is kept free. Reinforcement element according to Claim 4 , wherein the wall of the empty pipe (7) is airtight and watertight, or after Claim 5 , wherein the wall of the cavity (17) is made airtight and watertight. Reinforcement element according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an inner and / or outer coating (5), whereby a connection to a surrounding matrix material (4) can be controlled. Reinforcement element according to one of the preceding claims, which is electrically conductive or provided with an electrically conductive coating. Method for producing a reinforcement element according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th by weaving, braiding, laying or winding the lattice structure from a yarn (2), characterized in that the crossing sections (3) of the yarn (2) are fixed by gluing, welding or sewing. Procedure according to Claim 9 wherein a cavity (17) is created in the interior of the reinforcement element (1) embedded in the matrix material (4). Procedure according to Claim 10 , wherein the cavity (17) is created in such a way that an airtight hose (18) is inserted into the interior of the reinforcement element (1), the hose (18) is expanded by an applied fluid pressure to a diameter or a cross-sectional shape that corresponds to the diameter or the cross-sectional shape of the cavity (17) to be created, the matrix material (4) is applied and the fluid pressure is released after the matrix material (4) has hardened. Global reinforcement for a concrete component, comprising at least one reinforcement element according to one of the Claims 4 to 8th , characterized in that the at least one reinforcement element (1) by means of at least one connecting element (12, 12 ', 13) to a local reinforcement (19) or to a further reinforcement element (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th is connected directly or at a distance, with through the empty pipe (7) after Claim 4 or the cavity (17) according to Claim 5 an element for cross-component force transmission is guided so that the concrete component (20) is connected in a force-conducting manner to at least one further, adjacent concrete component (20). Global reinforcement according to Claim 12 , wherein the connecting element is designed as a tape loop (13) or a spiral-shaped connecting element (12, 12 '). Use of a reinforcement element according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th as containment reinforcement, prestressing channel, ductility reinforcement, fluid line, power line or for electrical functions. Concrete component, consisting of concrete structure modules (72), comprising yarn loops (34) which are connected to the concrete component (70) by means of at least one edge connector (40), at least one transverse force reinforcement (36) and / or at least one tubular reinforcement element (1). Printer description file for the production of a reinforcement element (1) or a part of the reinforcement element (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th .

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