WO2021063453A1

WO2021063453A1 - Tubular reinforcing element, method for producing a reinforcing element, global reinforcement, use of a reinforcing element, concrete structural part and program file

Info

Publication number: WO2021063453A1
Application number: PCT/DE2020/100853
Authority: WO
Inventors: Iurii VAKALIUK; Maria Patricia GARIBALDI; Steffen Rittner
Original assignee: Technische Universität Dresden
Priority date: 2019-10-02
Filing date: 2020-10-02
Publication date: 2021-04-08
Also published as: US20240052635A1; CA3156633A1; DE102019126609A1; EP4022145A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a tubular reinforcing element (1) which is formed in the form of a lattice from a continuously arranged, crossing yarn (2), wherein the crossing portions (3) of the at least one yarn (2) are interconnected by a cross-connection. According to the invention, the cross-connection of the yarn (2) is achieved by a material means or a mechanical means, wherein the means determines the shear elasticity of the cross-connection, the elasticity during the opposed rotative pivoting movement of the crossing portions (3) around their crossing point in the cross-connection, and hence determines the extensibility of the reinforcing element (1) in the direction of a longitudinal axis, wherein a higher shear elasticity is accompanied by a higher extensibility. The invention also relates to a method for producing the tubular reinforcing element (1) by weaving, braiding or winding the lattice structure from a yarn (2). Further aspects of the invention relate to a global reinforcement, to the use of a reinforcing element, to a concrete structural part and to a program file.

Description

TUBULAR REINFORCEMENT ELEMENT, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A REINFORCEMENT ELEMENT, GLOBAL REINFORCEMENT, USE OF A REINFORCEMENT ELEMENT, CONCRETE COMPONENT AND PROGRAM FILE

The invention relates to a tubular reinforcement element which is lattice-shaped from a continuously arranged, intersecting yarn, the intersecting sections of the at least one yarn being connected to one another by a cross connection and a method for its production. The invention further relates to a global reinforcement for a concrete component, comprising at least one reinforcement element, a use of a reinforcement element and a concrete component. The invention also relates to a program file for executing a method.

From the publication DE 10 2015 100 386 A1 a reinforcement element is known which is constructed as a rod and is essentially one-dimensionally effective. The rod has filaments embedded in a matrix material. The filaments are aligned in a pulling direction and are essentially completely surrounded by a mineral matrix material. Fine concrete or a suspension with fine cement is provided as the matrix material.

The use of high-performance reinforcement elements of this type, in which carbon fibers are used and have strengths in the range of 2000 - 4000 N / mm ² , results in the need for force transmission between the reinforcement elements and the concrete matrix material. The high forces of the carbon reinforcement must be introduced into the concrete in a targeted manner in order to be able to use the potential of the carbon fibers efficiently. Short anchoring lengths are also possible with the use of carbon elements in order to be able to guarantee economic use.

In the case of rods, for example carbon rods, in order to improve the bond, analogous to the reinforcement steel, attempts are made to ensure a sufficient bond by means of suitable surface profiling. Various concepts are pursued to achieve a composite load-bearing capacity, since a rib structure, which is common in steel reinforcement elements, is not possible or inefficient due to the anisotropy of the carbon fibers. Carbon rods are therefore provided, for example, with an additional layer of sand, whereby the adhesive and friction bond can be improved compared to a smooth carbon rod. Further variants of carbon rods are the application of a subsequent one Rib structure, for example made of synthetic resin, the subsequent wrapping of individual fiber strands, shape variation of the carbon rods in the manufacturing process to improve the bond or the subsequent milling to manufacture negative ribs, also known as grooves.

Various elements are used as reinforcement in carbon or textile concrete. Both fabrics, for example biaxial, multiaxial or three-dimensional fabrics, and rods can be used. Such a scrim, which forms a textile reinforcement for a concrete component from yarn free of polymeric binders, is described in the publication DE 10 2016 100 455 A1, including a method and a device for its production. A laying device is provided in which a positioning device or a laying robot is arranged to be movable in two dimensions relative to a yarn dispensing device. The laying device is designed to form a tensioning structure from yarn free of polymeric binders within a base frame. The base frame has yarn holding devices in the area of outer edges of the base frame and / or of recesses, the yarn holding devices at the same time forming deflection points of the yarn. Further three-dimensional structures are known from the prior art. Thus, the publications DE 10 2014 200 792 B4 and EP 2 530 217 B1 describe flat structures that form a textile reinforcement structure by means of a spacer structure or as a spacer fabric or knitted fabric that has already been manufactured in three dimensions. From the publication DE 10 2016 124 226 A1 a lattice girder is also known, the effect of which is also based on a flat textile reinforcement element, which is formed by flocking thread-like or thread-like individual elements that serve as sections of a belt and struts. In all cases, however, the large-area structure is not suitable for effectively replacing discrete reinforcement elements such as reinforcing bars or reinforcing cages.

The solution from the publication DE 10 2012 101 498 A1 also provides a textile lattice that can easily be penetrated by the matrix material. For this purpose, it is also provided to bring the textile grid, which is initially manufactured as a flat structure, into a U-shape and thus to obtain a discrete reinforcement element. However, the open U-shape is less rigid than closed cross-sectional shapes. The document WO 98/09042 A1 discloses a tubular reinforcement element which is designed in the form of a grid and in which the intersecting sections are connected to one another. The tubular reinforcement element consists of thermoplastic fiber-reinforced strips that are connected by spot welding at the intersections. Alternatively, tubes made of fiber strands are provided, which are later drawn onto a core mold, laminated and cured. However, the load is only absorbed via the fiber strands in the tensile direction, provided that there is a load component in this direction; the use of other mechanical effects is not intended.

The object of the present invention is therefore to offer a tubular reinforcement element which is designed in a grid-like manner using at least one continuously arranged, intersecting yarn and which enables an improved load reserve in the event of overload.

The object is achieved by a tubular reinforcing element which is designed in a grid-like manner from a continuously arranged, intersecting yarn, the intersecting sections of the at least one yarn being connected to one another by a cross connection. The diameter of the reinforcement element over the length can be constant or variable. According to the invention, at least one continuously arranged, intersecting yarn is provided from which the lattice is formed. As an alternative to this, several yarns are used, which are fed from a spool in each case during the production of the reinforcement element and with one yarn in each case forming a “lattice bar” of the grid that forms the outer surface of the tubular reinforcement element. According to a further alternative, only one thread from a single bobbin is used and deflected and deposited in such a way that the lattice shape is also formed. In that case the yarn crosses itself in different layers. According to a preferred embodiment, a hardenable material, for example a resin, gives the tubular reinforcement element stability after the lattice has been produced.

The intersecting sections of the yarn are connected to one another at their intersection point in such a way that the shear elasticity of the cross connection, the elasticity during the opposing rotative pivoting movement of the intersecting sections about their Crossing point in the cross connection, which determines the extensibility of the reinforcement element in the direction of a longitudinal axis, with a higher elasticity being accompanied by a higher extensibility. The cross-connection of the yarn takes place according to the invention by a material means or a mechanical means, the means being the shear elasticity of the

Cross connection, which adjusts the elasticity in the opposite rotary pivoting movement of the intersecting sections around their intersection point in the cross connection and thus determines the extensibility of the reinforcement element in the direction of a longitudinal axis, with a higher shear elasticity being higher

Goes hand in hand with elasticity

The cross connection has such a shear elasticity that the reinforcement element is equipped for an intended extensibility in the direction of the longitudinal axis and at the same time transversely to the longitudinal axis, in the transverse direction. The

Shear elasticity describes the elasticity in the opposite rotation or pivoting movement of the intersecting yarns or yarn sections around the

Crossing point in the cross connection. A higher shear elasticity leads to higher extensibility of the reinforcement element, the deformation taking place in the direction of the longitudinal axis and, in the sense of a constriction, at the same time transverse to the longitudinal axis, in the transverse direction. If the reinforcement element is inserted into a component, the reinforcement element ensures an advantageously ductile behavior of the component due to the defined elasticity, which is associated with a high level of additional safety. For this purpose, the lattice shape is preferably woven, braided, laid or wound, with other influencing factors naturally also leading to the ultimately effective elasticity or rigidity. As a result, concrete structural modules are still held together even in the event of an overload. The influencing factors also include the matrix material in which the reinforcement element is embedded and with which it is filled. The dimensions of the reinforcement element are also important.

Advantageously, the intersecting sections of the yarn in the area of the lattice intersections are made by material means, such as B. gluing or welding, or mechanical means, such as. B. by sewing connected. The shear strength is determined by the properties of these connections, in particular their shear strength against torsion or pivoting of the intersecting yarn sections against one another and also fundamentally and significantly determines the ductility or stiffness of the reinforcement element.

The gluing of the grid crossings, the stabilization of the pipe shape as a whole and the load transfer also to the internal fibers can be done in different ways. According to a first embodiment of the method according to the invention, the stabilization is achieved by means of fixing by means of a curable resin. This can be applied after the yarn has been laid down, after the tubular shape has been produced, or the yarn is impregnated with the curable resin before the yarn is laid down. For this purpose, the impregnation can take place immediately before the yarn is laid or the yarn is supplied already impregnated, in which case the resin contained must be protected from undesired, premature hardening.

The curable matrix material is preferably reactive resins, such as. B. epoxy resin, or aqueous dispersions, e.g. B. based on acrylate or styrene butadiene into consideration.

According to a second embodiment of the method according to the invention, the yarn, as a hybrid yarn, is provided with thermoplastic and thus thermally activated synthetic fibers in addition to the load-bearing fibers. These can be activated by the action of heat by melting them, and after hardening ensure a connection of the fibers of the yarn that are suitable for load transfer, so that the same effects are achieved as when using a hardenable resin.

One embodiment of the reinforcement element according to the invention provides that a matrix material is provided in the interior of the reinforcement element and in this a further longitudinal reinforcement, at least one electrical line, at least one fluid line and / or an empty pipe, in one of the aforementioned lines or the longitudinal reinforcement with or without prestress can be withdrawn subsequently, are embedded.

According to an alternative embodiment of the reinforcement element according to the invention, an inner cavity is provided in the reinforcement element, which is kept free of matrix material of a concrete component. The introduction of a tow or other load-bearing element into the interior of the Reinforcement element through the cavity enables global reinforcement that extends beyond the individual reinforced concrete structural elements and can absorb forces as an additional safeguard in the event of failure. In the following, a form of use of the tubular reinforcement element is also referred to as global reinforcement, in contrast to local reinforcement. Based on conventional textile concrete technology, reinforcement structures are used to provide local basic reinforcement with which the loads under the relevant service load conditions, for example for a reinforced concrete structural element, can be safely absorbed. In addition, higher-level global reinforcement strands, for example tows with a net-like sheathing, which can be wound, braided, woven or laid, ensure high load reserves under extreme conditions. They are designed with a very high elasticity, so that when they are activated, a high component ductility results. Thus, the global reinforcement ensures that the cohesion of the entire supporting structure is guaranteed even after a possible failure of the local basic reinforcement due to a possible extreme load. The global reinforcement lies on the load path of the local reinforcement and acts as an additional safety element in the event of overload. Under normal load conditions, the global reinforcements increase the rigidity of the concrete component.

It has proven to be advantageous for certain applications if the wall of the empty pipe or of the cavity in the tubular reinforcement element is made airtight and watertight so that gases or liquids can be transported or passed through therein. A further sealing of the pipe wall is then unnecessary. Further functional coatings are optionally provided. Thus, an inner and / or outer coating can be applied, which controls a connection to a surrounding matrix material or at least partially prevents it or, alternatively, the connection can be improved. This allows the stiffness of the reinforcement and thus that of the component to be adjusted as required. The stiffness is highest when the connection is stronger, especially when the matrix material can enclose the yarn.

In an advantageous embodiment of the reinforcement element according to the invention, this is itself, due to the electrical properties of the material used, electrically conductive, such as. B. in the case of carbon fibers, or if that Material is provided with an electrically conductive coating. Electrical energy or electrical signals can then be passed directly through the reinforcement element. However, electrical heating can also be achieved via the electrical lines formed in this way, especially with an appropriately set resistance. To regulate the heating, the inside of the reinforcement element can also be filled with a matrix material that has an electrical resistance that is variable as a function of temperature. In addition, according to an advantageous further development of this embodiment, the interior of the reinforcement element is filled with an electrolyte in order to achieve short-term energy storage by means of a capacitor effect. The electrical properties can also be set, controlled or changed by means of an electrically conductive coating.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a reinforcing element as described above. The production takes place by weaving, braiding or winding the lattice structure from one yarn, preferably from several yarns. According to the invention it is provided that the intersections of the at least one yarn are fixed by gluing, welding or sewing. As a result, the mutually crossing yarns can be restricted in their mobility relative to one another in a defined manner and the mechanical properties, in particular the shear elasticity of the reinforcement element, can be controlled or adjusted as a whole.

One embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that a cavity is created in the interior of the reinforcement element embedded in the matrix material. In particular, the cavity is created in such a way that an airtight hose is inserted into the interior of the reinforcement element and the hose is expanded by an applied fluid pressure to a diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the cavity to be created. The matrix material, in particular concrete, is then applied and, after the matrix material has hardened, the fluid pressure in the hose is released. The method according to the invention is not limited to a hose with a circular cross-section; instead, any cross-sectional shape that corresponds to the desired internal geometry can be used. Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is used to maintain a load reserve. The inside of the reinforcement element is initially filled with a hardened matrix material. If this breaks in the event of overload and the point of break is stretched, a constriction forms and the reinforcement element simultaneously activates a load reserve by developing a ductile load-bearing capacity. The stretching and the associated movement of the structure ensures a structural failure announcement, which is required in the building industry, by exceeding the load-bearing capacity. The object of the invention is also achieved by a global reinforcement for a concrete component, comprising at least one reinforcement element, as described above. According to the invention, the at least one reinforcement element by means of at least one connecting element to a local reinforcement, such as. B. a reinforcement mat, or connected to another reinforcement element as described above directly or at a distance. An element for cross-component force transmission is guided through the empty pipe or the cavity in the reinforcement element, so that the concrete component is connected to another concrete component in a force-conducting manner. The connecting element is advantageously designed as a tape loop or in the form of a spiral, an insertion hook preferably being included to facilitate assembly of the spiral connecting element.

The global reinforcement is a reinforcement that includes the reinforcement element according to the invention, designed as a reticulated, braided, woven, wound or scrim tube, in particular based on carbon fibers, as well as the integrated longitudinal reinforcement made of carbon rods or tows. The global reinforcement is preferably located on the inside of the concrete layer, thus inside the component. An alternative arrangement of the global reinforcement is a position that changes from the inner to the outer surface and / or vice versa. For this purpose, the reinforcement element is connected to the local reinforcement via connecting elements, for example designed as a tape loop or spiral, and filled with an expandable, flexible and later removable material during concreting, as described above. The hoses are completely encased in concrete during manufacture. Then, after concreting and manufacturing the elements, the filling material can be removed from the hoses. After assembling and To connect the elements, the carbon rods or tows are pulled through the cavities, making the global reinforcement functional. Finally, the remaining cavities can be grouted with grout, which creates a bond between the carbon rod or tow and the concrete base layer and improves the overall load-bearing behavior of the system. The bond between the carbon towers and the braided hose surrounded by fine concrete, the reinforcement element according to the invention, has a considerable influence on the load-bearing behavior.

While carbon tows have a material-related high rigidity, strength and brittleness, the reinforcement element according to the invention, designed as a braided, woven, wound or scrim tube, in particular made of carbon fibers, is above all comparatively soft and elastic. The interaction of the two reinforcements, the local reinforcement and the global reinforcement, ensures the required ductility of the composite material and ensures the announcement of structural failure, which is required in construction, if the load-bearing capacity is exceeded. The maximum utilization of the load-bearing reserve of the material goes hand in hand with large deformations, which indicate that overloading has occurred and thus already announce the imminent complete structural failure. A particularly advantageous use of the reinforcement element according to the invention thus arises when an element for cross-component force introduction and in particular force transmission, for example a bound or unbound rod, roving, tow or strand, is passed through the empty pipe or the cavity as a global reinforcement. As a result, the concrete component can be connected to another concrete component and a global reinforcement, as described above, is created.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a reinforcement element, as described above, as a guide channel for supplementary reinforcement, in particular the global reinforcement, but also as a prestressing channel, ductility reinforcement, as a fluid line or as a guide channel for a fluid line, a power line or a line for others for electrical functions such as B. a control line. The guide channel serves in particular to accommodate a reinforcement element to be axially loaded lying within. This represents an embodiment of the global reinforcement and is used in the event of failure of the concrete component or the component in question. The reinforcement element can also accommodate reinforcement that is prestressed and permanently loaded. It then serves as a preload channel. When used as ductility reinforcement, the mechanical properties of the reinforcement element itself come into play, as it can develop a load reserve in the event of an overload under a high degree of deformation. Furthermore, the inner cavity is suitable for receiving the various lines over the entire concrete component, over the boundaries of the concrete structural elements.

The invention also relates to a program file for executing a method according to one of Claims 8 to 10 for execution in a yarn laying device or in a computer which controls a yarn laying device. The program file also includes a procedure or algorithm for automatic thread lay-up.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the description of exemplary embodiments and their representation in the associated drawings. Show it:

1: a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention;

2: schematically, a perspective enlarged detail of an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention;

3: schematically, in a side and sectional view, an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention and its embedding in a matrix material;

4: schematically, a section of intersecting yarns in an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention;

5: a schematic perspective and side view of three embodiments of reinforcing elements according to the invention which differ in the design of the section of intersecting yarns;

6: schematically different embodiments of reinforcing elements according to the invention and their embedding in matrix materials;

7: schematically, in a side view and a view from the front, an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention with a coating;

8: a schematic side view of an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention and the activation of a load reserve; 9: two schematically in perspective and sectioned view

Embodiments of a reinforcement element according to the invention and their inner cavity profiles;

10: schematically, the method steps for producing an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention with a cavity;

11: a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention when used as global reinforcement;

12: a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention in connection with further reinforcement elements according to the invention;

13: a schematic perspective view and a view from the front

Embodiment of a spiral connecting element for reinforcement elements according to the invention;

14: schematically, in a perspective view, a further embodiment of a spiral-shaped connecting element for reinforcing elements according to the invention;

15: a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a reinforcement element according to the invention when used as a global reinforcement;

16: a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a reinforcing element according to the invention with a varying diameter; 17: a schematic perspective view of a concrete component, comprising an embodiment of reinforcing elements according to the invention, and FIG. 18: a schematic perspective illustration of an embodiment of a concrete component according to the invention. Fig. 1 shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcement element 1 according to the invention, which consists of spirally laid yarns 2, for example, intertwined with one another in a fabric-like manner. The spiral-shaped deposition of the individual yarns 2 in different directions results in intersecting sections 3 between the yarns 2.

In the preferred embodiment, different yarns cross each other, each of which is taken from its own bobbin. As an alternative to this, however, it is also provided that only one yarn is removed from a single bobbin and wound in the desired manner (see FIG. 5). In that case, the yarn 2 crosses itself in each of the crossing sections 3. Fig. 2 shows schematically a perspective section of an embodiment of a reinforcement element 1 according to the invention, the yarns 2 intertwined in a fabric-like manner and the formation of the intersecting sections 3, framed in a box (see also Fig. 4 with an enlarged view of this area), more clearly are recognizable.

3 shows schematically in a side and sectional view an embodiment of a reinforcement element 1 according to the invention, comprising yarns 2, and its embedding in a matrix material 4 of a concrete component, which also fills the interior of the reinforcement element 1.

4 shows schematically and enlarged a section 3 of intersecting yarns 2 of an embodiment of a reinforcement element 1 according to the invention. In section 3, the movement of the yarns 2 when the reinforcement element 1 is subjected to tension or compression is indicated by arrows. Depending on the type and, in particular, the rigidity of the connection in section 3 (see FIG. 5), the reinforcement element 1 opposes a higher or lower resistance to tension or pressure. 5 schematically shows, in perspective and side views, three embodiments of reinforcing elements 1 according to the invention, which differ in the design of the section 3 with the crossing yarns 2. The illustration under letter a) shows, as also shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a reinforcement element 1 produced in the manner of a woven fabric. The individual yarn 2 lies alternately once above and once below the yarn 2, which is laid in a spiral in the respective other direction.

In the winding technique, as shown in the illustration under letter b), all yarns 2 of the first winding direction lie under the yarns 2 of the second winding direction. The stability according to embodiment a), which is present in accordance with the effect of a fabric, is not given; the intersecting sections 3 must therefore be secured in another way, in particular materially (for example chemically by gluing). The same type of winding as under letter b) is also shown in the embodiment under letter c), here, however, supplemented by a connection of the sections 3 'by sewing stitches. Accordingly, this is a mechanical connection of the sections 3 '. Nevertheless, this connection can be supplemented by a material security. In any case, the type of connection, in particular its strength and rigidity, influences the ductility of the reinforcement element 1.

6 shows schematically different embodiments of reinforcement elements 1 according to the invention and their embedding in matrix materials 4 or 6. The control of the connection between the reinforcement element 1 and the matrix material 4 surrounding it plays an important role. This control is achieved in particular by a coating 5 (see also FIG. 7) which forms a separating layer between the reinforcement element 1 or the yarn 2 on the one hand and the matrix material 4 or 6 on the other. The matrix material 4 of the concrete component (compare variants c and a) or also a separate matrix material 6 (compare variants d, b and, derived therefrom, variants e, f and g) can be used as the inner matrix material.

The coating 5 described above is used in the variants shown under letters c) and d). In addition to controlling the strength of the connection or controlling the introduction of force, other effects can also be achieved, for example the electrical conductivity is improved or achieved or aging of the yarns 2 used, caused by contact with the matrix material 4 or 6, can be prevented. The use of the inner matrix material 6 also enables the integration of further functions such as, for example, those shown under letters e) to g) (but not limited to them). This includes the installation of flexible lines for liquids, gases or electricity or data lines. Furthermore, additional elements for introducing forces can be laid in it and thus a global reinforcement can be formed. Rods, rovings, ropes or strands with or without pre-tensioning, bound or unbound, can be considered as additional elements.

Fig. 7 shows schematically in a side view and front view an embodiment of a reinforcing element 1 according to the invention with coating 5, with which in particular the connection and power transmission between the Reinforcement element 1 and a matrix material can be controlled. However, other functions can also be implemented (see explanations for FIG. 6).

Fig. 8 shows schematically in a side view an embodiment of a reinforcement element 1 according to the invention and the effect of the global reinforcement. The reinforcement element 1 (letter a) provided with an inner matrix material 6 is overloaded (letter b) and an inner break point 22, which is not visible from the outside in the illustration, is created. According to this, a tensile force acting on the reinforcement element 1 causes the area of the breaking point 22 to lengthen and at the same time constrict in the transverse direction (see letters c) and d). If the constriction 23 is strong enough and the fracture point is stretched accordingly, the effect of the global or ductility reinforcement occurs, which has activated a load reserve and at the same time has a high degree of deformation. The deformation indicates impending structural failure.

The shown embodiment of a global reinforcement manages without an additional element, such as a tow arranged in the interior of the reinforcement element 1, and also has a desired high ductility. Fig. 9 shows schematically in a perspective and sectional view two embodiments of a reinforcing element 1 according to the invention and their internally replaceable profiles, the hoses 18, 18 'and the rubber profiles 24, 24', each of which shows the formation of a cavity 17 with a corresponding cross-section (see Fig 10) when introducing a matrix material.

The illustration according to letter a) shows the possibilities of producing a profiled cavity in the interior of the reinforcement element 1 according to the invention. This is done either by a rubber profile 24 or by a hose 18 ‘, which can be pressurized inside by means of a fluid (compare also the process sequence as it is described for FIG. 10).

The illustration under letter b) shows the same, but where a cavity with a circular cross-section is produced. A hose 18 with a corresponding circular cross-section or a rubber profile 24 with a similar cross-section are used for this purpose. Fig. 10 shows schematically the process steps for producing an embodiment of a reinforcement element 1 according to the invention with a cavity 17. For this purpose, as shown under letter a), the reinforcement element 1 is fastened by means of a tape loop 13 to a local reinforcement 19, for example a flat reinforcement mat. The hose 18 is inserted into the interior of the reinforcement element 1, as shown under letter b). This is, cf. the illustration under letter c), acted upon inside with a pressure, for example air pressure, and the matrix material 4, in particular concrete, is applied directly to it. The internal pressure in the hose 18 ensures that the cavity 17 remains in spite of the stress from the matrix material 4. After the matrix material 4 has hardened, the pressure in the hose 18 is reduced and the hose 18 itself can also be removed from the cavity 17 that has now formed if it is not to be used for other purposes, for example for sealing or use as a fluid line.

11 shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcement element 1 according to the invention, in particular when used for global reinforcement. In contrast to local reinforcement, a form of use of the tubular reinforcement element 1 according to the present illustration is referred to as global reinforcement. For this purpose, the reinforcement element 1 is first connected to a local reinforcement 19, here a flat reinforcement mat, by means of a spiral-shaped connecting element 12. The reinforcement mat can also be shaped three-dimensionally in a free form. For the production of global reinforcement for high load reserves under

In extreme conditions and in the event of overload, superordinate global reinforcement strands, for example tows with a reticulated sheathing, which can be wound, braided, woven or laid, are introduced into the finished concrete component composed of the concrete structural modules. The continuous cavity in the reinforcement element 1 is used for this purpose. The very high ductility results in a high component ductility during activation. Thus, the global reinforcement ensures that even after a possible failure of the local basic reinforcement due to a possible extreme load, the cohesion of the entire supporting structure is guaranteed. The global reinforcement consists of tows, ie very thick carbon fiber strands with fiber strand diameters of, for example, 15 mm ² (> 3000 kN), which span the entire building structure in accordance with the load path. In the event of sudden overstressing and failure of the primary reinforcement, the local reinforcement or the basic reinforcement, the tensile forces to be absorbed are transferred to the global reinforcement (or secondary reinforcement), which then ensures the load-bearing capacity of the overall structure.

As an alternative to the implementation of global reinforcement strands through the reinforcement element, the reinforcement element itself can also be designed to be continuous via the concrete structure modules and also be concreted in. In this way, too, global reinforcement is achieved.

In order to announce a possible structural failure early and through a clearly noticeable increase in deformation, the global reinforcement is surrounded by a textile structure in the form of a tubular, interwoven or otherwise manufactured reinforcement elements according to the invention with axially integrated rovings, hereinafter also referred to as ductility reinforcement, which with a significant increase in deformation absorbs the loads on the supporting structure. By utilizing the high energy absorption capacity of the ductility reinforcement in the case of large deformations, high efficiency can be achieved with little use of resources, so that for this purpose significantly smaller yarn cross-sections (<5 mm ² ) than with the global reinforcement, which also has separate additional elements such as tows introduced into the reinforcement element according to the invention required, are required.

Fig. 12 shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcing element 1 according to the invention in a connection with further reinforcing elements 1 according to the invention, the spiral-shaped connecting element 12 being used again (see also FIG. 11). The

Reinforcement elements 1 can run parallel, as shown, or have a different orientation.

13 shows schematically, in a perspective view and a front view, an embodiment of a spiral-shaped connecting element 12 for the connection of reinforcement elements 1 according to the invention. The dimensions of the spiral-shaped Connection element 12, the length, the spiral diameter or the pitch of the spiral are determined on the basis of the requirements. An insertion hook 14 brings additional advantages, with which an easier insertion of the connecting element 12 into a local reinforcement, such as a reinforcement mat, into another reinforcement element 1 or into another reinforcement element in three-dimensional form is made possible.

The movements that are required when installing the connecting element 12 are denoted in more detail with the reference symbol 15 for the rotary movement and the resulting longitudinal movement 16 in the screwing-in direction by means of arrows.

14 shows a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a spiral-shaped connecting element 12 'for reinforcing elements 1 according to the invention. Here, a diameter of the spiral-shaped connecting element 12' that varies over the length is provided, which during assembly provides a spacing between reinforcing element 1 and local reinforcement 19 enables.

Fig. 15 shows schematically in a perspective view a further embodiment of a reinforcing element 1 according to the invention for use as

Global reinforcement, the connection to the local reinforcement 19 being made in a simple manner by means of belt loops 13.

16 shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a reinforcement element 1 according to the invention, in which the yarn 2 is laid, wound or, in the specific case, woven with a diameter varying over the length of the reinforcement element 1.

17 shows schematically in a perspective view an embodiment of a concrete component 20, comprising an embodiment according to the invention

Reinforcement elements 1. The concrete component 20 is composed of several concrete structure modules 21, whose connection to one another is made possible by an edge connection 40 (cf. FIG. 18), which is not specifically designated here, optionally additionally by the global reinforcement. This can be done, for example, by the reinforcement element 1 with introduced reinforcement, in particular a strand 9 (cf. also Fig. 18). The strand 9 combines several concrete structure modules 21 and ensures additional stability of the concrete component 20.

An alternative embodiment of the concrete component 20 according to the invention provides that the reinforcement element 1 itself combines several concrete structure modules 21. For this purpose, it is necessary to concret the individual concrete structure modules 21 together and after they have been joined, with the reinforcement element 1, which runs over several concrete structure modules 21, also being concreted in at the same time. In addition to the edge connections 40, it thus connects the concrete structure modules 21 to one another. An additional backup is still possible.

18 shows a section of a schematic perspective illustration of an embodiment of a concrete component 20 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown, this is shown as a sandwich element, so that the concrete structure modules 21 of the two shells are each connected to the adjacent concrete structure module 21 by means of a separate edge connection 40. The area of the local reinforcement 19 shown without a concrete cover illustrates the interlocking of the yarn loops 34, which each belong to the local reinforcement 19 of the two adjacent concrete structure modules 21.

Furthermore, a transverse force reinforcement 36, a box-shaped reinforcement made of a textile lattice-like structure is shown, which both engages in the two shells of the sandwich element and represents the connection and spacing structure between the two shells.

Furthermore, the tubular reinforcement element 1 is provided, which enables the introduction of high forces in the intended direction and dissipates them. The reinforcement element 1 can also dissipate forces across several concrete structure modules 21. For this purpose, a strand 9 is introduced into the interior of the reinforcement element 1. The strand 9 connects several concrete structure modules 21 with one another and can absorb forces globally across the concrete structure modules 21 or the concrete component 20, for example if the edge connection 40 fails, and thus ensures the function of a global reinforcement. List of reference symbols

1 reinforcement element

2 yarn

3, 3 ‘crossing section

4 matrix material (concrete component)

5 coating

6 inner matrix material

7 conduit

8 longitudinal reinforcement

9 strand

10 fluid line

11 electrical line

12, 12 ‘spiral connector

13 strap loop

14 insertion hooks

15 rotary motion

16 Longitudinal movement

17 cavity

18 hose

19 local reinforcement

20 concrete component

21 concrete structure module

22 break point

23 constriction

24 rubber profile

34 loop of yarn

36 Shear reinforcement

40 Edge connection

Claims

1. Tubular reinforcement element (1), which is lattice-shaped from a continuously arranged, intersecting yarn (2), wherein the intersecting sections (3) of the at least one yarn (2) are interconnected by a cross connection, characterized in that the cross connection of the yarn (2) is carried out by a material means or a mechanical means, the means determining the shear elasticity of the cross connection, the elasticity during the counter-rotating pivoting movement of the intersecting sections (3) around their crossing point in the cross connection, and thus the The extensibility of the reinforcement element (1) is determined in the direction of a longitudinal axis, with a higher shear elasticity being associated with a higher extensibility.

2. Reinforcement element according to claim 1, wherein the interior of the reinforcement element (1) is at least partially filled with a hardened matrix material (6) which, when a component in which the reinforcement element is inserted is overloaded, is above a nominal load and below a reserve load, breaks and the reinforcement element is stretched at the point of fracture, forms a constriction and at the same time activates a load reserve by developing a ductile load-bearing property based on the shear elasticity of the cross connections and holding the component together until the reserve load is exceeded.

3. Reinforcement element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the interior of the reinforcement element (1) a matrix material (6) is provided and in this a further longitudinal reinforcement (8), at least one electrical line (11), at least one fluid line (10) and / or an empty pipe (7) are embedded.

4. Reinforcement element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an inner cavity (17) of the reinforcement element (1) of matrix material (4) of a concrete component (20) is kept free.

5. Reinforcement element according to claim 3, wherein the wall of the empty pipe (7) is made airtight and watertight, or according to claim 4, wherein the wall of the cavity (17) is made airtight and watertight.

6. Reinforcement element according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an inner and / or outer coating (5), whereby a connection to a surrounding matrix material (4) can be controlled.

7. Reinforcement element according to one of the preceding claims, which is electrically conductive or provided with an electrically conductive coating.

8. A method for producing a reinforcement element according to any one of claims 1 to 7 by weaving, braiding, laying or winding the lattice structure from a yarn (2), characterized in that the crossing sections (3) of the yarn (2) by gluing, welding or sewing.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein a cavity (17) is created in the interior of the reinforcement element (1) embedded in the matrix material (4).

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the cavity (17) is created in such a way that an airtight hose (18) is inserted into the interior of the reinforcing element (1), the hose (18) by an applied fluid pressure to a diameter or a cross-sectional shape is expanded which corresponds to the diameter or the cross-sectional shape of the cavity (17) to be created, the matrix material (4) is applied and the fluid pressure is released after the matrix material (4) has hardened.

11. Global reinforcement for a concrete component, comprising at least one reinforcement element according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the at least one reinforcement element (1) by means of at least one connecting element (12, 12 ', 13) to a local reinforcement (19) or is connected to a further reinforcement element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7 directly or at a distance, an element for cross-component force transmission being guided through the empty pipe (7) according to claim 3 or the cavity (17) according to claim 5, so that the concrete component (20) is connected in a force-conducting manner to at least one further, adjacent concrete component (20).

12. Global reinforcement according to claim 11, wherein the connecting element is designed as a tape loop (13) or a spiral-shaped connecting element (12, 12 ‘).

13. Use of a reinforcement element according to one of claims 1 to 7 as containment reinforcement, prestressing channel, ductility reinforcement, fluid line, power line or for electrical functions.

14. Concrete component, consisting of concrete structure modules (72), comprising yarn loops (34) which are connected to the concrete component (70) by means of at least one edge connector (40), at least one transverse force reinforcement (36) and / or at least one tubular reinforcement element (1) .

15. Program file for executing a method according to one of claims 8 to 10 for execution in a yarn laying device or in a computer which controls a yarn laying device.