WO2008044792A1 - Échangeur de chaleur et d'humidité pour respiration de patient - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur et d'humidité pour respiration de patient Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008044792A1
WO2008044792A1 PCT/JP2007/070208 JP2007070208W WO2008044792A1 WO 2008044792 A1 WO2008044792 A1 WO 2008044792A1 JP 2007070208 W JP2007070208 W JP 2007070208W WO 2008044792 A1 WO2008044792 A1 WO 2008044792A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermal storage
storage unit
heat
patient
anesthesia
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2007/070208
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Akito Ohmura
Kunihisa Eguchi
Tetsuya Miyaji
Katsuyoshi Goto
Original Assignee
Furrex Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Furrex Co., Ltd. filed Critical Furrex Co., Ltd.
Priority to JP2009515652A priority Critical patent/JP5124570B2/ja
Publication of WO2008044792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008044792A1/fr
Priority to US12/421,387 priority patent/US8567391B2/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1045—Devices for humidifying or heating the inspired gas by using recovered moisture or heat from the expired gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) to humidify and warm a dry gas aspired by a patient for medical applications to an anesthesia device, a respirator, or other device.
  • HME heat and moisture exchanger
  • HME heat and moisture exchanger
  • artificial nose of a passive type, and the other is a warmer/humidifier of an active type operated with a heat source .
  • the passive HMEs are further categorized into three types : - a type having hydrophilic material charged with hydroscopic substance;
  • H06-63141 discloses the third type HME .
  • HME Heat and Moisture Exchanger
  • the passive types are prevailing because of the advantages of being compact, lightweight, and low-cost while minimizing the risk of medical accidents, mainly arising from usage of a heat source and lack of humidifying due to failure in supplying additional water in the active type.
  • the passive types are generally inferior when compared to the active ones.
  • HMEs have the following problems.
  • One problem is that an airway of a patient tends to dry because of poor warming and humidifying capability and a fatal complication may be resulted by suffocation of the airway due to hardening of secretions.
  • Another problem is clogging caused by condensed water accumulated in the HME.
  • the amount of water to be stored in the HME is preferably 44mg/l, a saturated vapor amount in the air of 37 0 C of a normal body temperature. It is very important that in aspiration, the aspired gas is required to be near at the patient body temperature, as well as to keep high recovery of the absolute humidity. In storing and releasing of the above-mentioned water amount, the thermal storage capability of the HMEs has to be improved for maintaining the required temperature.
  • HMEs with a thermal storage unit made of metal or the like have been proposed.
  • those metal type HMEs have several problems such as its bulkiness and heavy weight, and necessity of cleaning every time secretions stick thereto.
  • the disposable HMEs being small, light-weight, and inexpensive, have become in use .
  • it is not always preferable that the higher thermal storing effect is equipped with HMEs.
  • a humid expiratory gas of 37 0 C enters into an anesthesia circuit via an HME from a patient in an operating room, condensation in the circuit is likely to occur because of large difference in temperature between the expiratory gas and typical room environment (23°C).
  • the patient requires the aspiratory gas of 44 mg/1 in absolute humidity, corresponding to relative humidity of 100% at a body temperature of 37 0 C. It is desired that the temperature of the aspiratory gas is adjusted closer to a body temperature for the required absolute humidity. If the temperature of the aspiratory gas is lower than the body temperature, the absolute humidity of 44mg/l may not be achieved even if the humidity is increased.
  • an employed material and a manufacturing cost must be feasible in single-use; a thermal resistance must be provided such that the temperature of an expiratory gas becomes approximately 23 0 C at the side of anesthesia circuit or the respiratory circuit; a thermal storage effect is required to regulate the temperature of the expiratory gas closer to the above temperature, 23 0 C, while avoiding increase in size, weight, dead cavity, flow resistance, and the like.
  • one aspect of the present invention is a heat and moisture exchanger configured to be located between a respiratory system of a patient and an anesthesia circuit connected to an anesthesia apparatus, or a respiratory circuit connected to a respirator for maintaining a temperature and humidity of an aspired gas required to a patient under anesthesia or artificial respiration, comprising a thermal storage unit, and a heat and humidity regenerating material added to the thermal storage unit. At least one of a density of the thermal storage unit, a number of cells of the thermal storage unit, and an added amount of the heat and humidity regenerating material in the thermal storage unit is set to decrease from the patient side to the side of the anesthesia apparatus or the respirator along a flow direction of a respiratory gas in the thermal storage unit.
  • the thermal storage unit may include polyurethane and/or cellulose.
  • a density of the thermal storage unit may be in the range of 20-80 kg/m 3 .
  • the density of the thermal storage unit at the patient side may be adjusted 1/2-2/3 of that at the side of the anesthesia apparatus or the respirator.
  • the number of cells of the thermal storage unit may be in the range of 5-80 cells per inch.
  • the thermal storage unit may include at least one of calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate.
  • a heat storing capacity can be larger at the parts where at least one of density of the thermal storage unit, number of cells of the thermal storage unit, and an added amount of the heat and humidity regenerating material in the thermal storage unit is set larger, i.e., at the side closer to the patient.
  • condensation in the anesthesia circuit or the respiratory circuit can be prevented by decreasing the flow resistance and gradual lowering of the gas temperature at the parts where at least one of density of the thermal storage unit, number of cells of the thermal storage unit, and an added amount of the heat and humidity regenerating material in the thermal storage unit is set smaller, i.e., at the side closer to the anesthesia/respiratory circuit.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the three-staged HME according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a conventional single-staged HME
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the experimental setup for evaluation of the HMEs
  • Fig. 4 compares variations in aspiratory temperature of the HMEs tested
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing variation of absolute humidity of aspiratory gas of tested HMEs
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of a three-staged thermal storage element of the one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of a single-staged thermal storage element with a gradient structure for another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a two-staged thermal storage element for further embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic view of a thermal storage element with a density gradient for further embodiment of the present invention.
  • a three-staged HME 10 comprises a thermal storage unit 14 and a housing 12 containing the same.
  • the thermal storage unit 14 further includes three thermal storage elements 14a-14c, each being made of polyurethane with a different density.
  • Each element 14a-14c may include/consist of cellulose .
  • the elements 14a-14c are arranged in series along a gas flow direction, as the density decreases from the patient side, so as to obtain a three-staged HME 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a density of each element 14a-14c is arranged 80, 57, and 30 kg/m 3 in descending order.
  • a test sample a conventional single-staged HME 10 with a thermal storage unit 14 of no density difference in Fig .2 is evaluated for comparison of performance .
  • the density of the thermal storage unit 14 of the test sample amounts to 57 kg/in 3 , an averaged density of the above three elements 14a-14c for the present embodiment.
  • an artificial nose of commercial type though not shown here, is also tested for comparison.
  • the same housing of the same size is employed for both the present embodiment and test sample for containing the thermal storage element (s).
  • the thermal storage unit 14 may be configured with combining four or more thermal storage elements so that the elements each having a different density are laid on each other along the direction of a gas flow.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present experimental circuit 30. The measurements are made in a room-temperature range of 20 to 30 0 C, and 40 to 60% relative humidity.
  • the HME 10 of the present embodiment and the test sample are positioned between a mouth of a patient
  • a ventilator 38 (Type e500, Newport Medical Instruments, Inc.) is employed to provide an air-breathing volume of 600 ml with a respiration rate of 15 cycles/min for the participant, where a time ratio of expiration and aspiration is two.
  • the HME of the present embodiment indicates a temperature increase ( ⁇ T) , as labeled "C", of approximately 4.0K whereas the single-staged test sample without density difference, as labeled "B” shows approximately 1.9K.
  • ⁇ T temperature increase
  • B single-staged test sample without density difference
  • the temperature increase effect is improved as compared to the conventional commercial product, as labeled "A”.
  • the absolute humidity as labeled "C” is more increased than the conventional product.
  • the thermal storage unit In addition to the density of the thermal storage unit, difference in a number of cells of the thermal storage unit and/or an added amount of the heat and humidity regenerating material in the thermal storage unit contribute to improvement in performance of warming and humidifying.
  • the "number of cells” is defined herein as a number of cells observed along a length of one inch on a cross-sectional surface of a material such as polyurethane .
  • the physical property is set larger at the side closer to a patient.
  • thermal storage elements 14a, 14c each having difference in at least one physical property among density of the thermal storage unit 14, number of cells of the thermal storage unit 14, and an added amount of the heat and humidity regenerating material in the thermal storage unit 14 in an HME also results in improvement in warming/humidifying characteristics.
  • the physical property is set larger at the side closer to a patient.
  • the density if the largest value exceeds 80 kg/m 3 , a patient will experience difficulty in respiration due to an increased flow resistance of the HME. If the smallest value is below 20 kg/m 3 , shortage of thermal capacity will decrease a thermal storage effect, thus unpreferable increase in size is required. Consequently, the density is preferably in the range of 20-80 kg/m 3 .
  • the number of cells is preferably in the range of
  • the ratio of the density at the patient side and that of the anesthesia/respiratory circuit side is preferably set half to two-thirds.
  • the present invention is applied successfully to a respiratory circuit, attached to an anesthesia device, a respirator, and so on.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur et d'humidité, configuré pour se placer entre le système respiratoire d'un patient et un circuit d'anesthésie raccordé à un appareil d'anesthésie, ou un circuit respiratoire raccordé à un inhalateur de façon à entretenir la température et l' humidité d'un gaz aspiré dont a besoin le patient sous anesthésie ou sous respiration artificielle. Cet échangeur comprend une unité d'accumulation de chaleur à laquelle est adjoint un matériau régénérant la chaleur et l'humidité. L'une au moins de la densité, de la quantité de cellules de l'unité d'accumulation de chaleur et d'une quantité complémentaire de matériau régénérant la chaleur et l'humidité est établie de façon à diminuer en allant du côté patient au côte de l'appareil à anesthésie ou de l'inhalateur dans le sens de circulation du gaz respiratoire dans l'unité d'accumulation de chaleur.
PCT/JP2007/070208 2006-10-10 2007-10-10 Échangeur de chaleur et d'humidité pour respiration de patient WO2008044792A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009515652A JP5124570B2 (ja) 2006-10-10 2007-10-10 患者呼吸用湿熱交換器
US12/421,387 US8567391B2 (en) 2006-10-10 2009-04-09 Heat and moisture exchanger, heat and moisture exchanging device, and mask

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85069806P 2006-10-10 2006-10-10
US60/850,698 2006-10-10

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2009/001047 Continuation-In-Part WO2009125539A1 (fr) 2006-10-10 2009-03-09 Échangeur de chaleur et d'humidité, dispositif d'échange de chaleur et d'humidité et masque

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/421,387 Continuation-In-Part US8567391B2 (en) 2006-10-10 2009-04-09 Heat and moisture exchanger, heat and moisture exchanging device, and mask

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008044792A1 true WO2008044792A1 (fr) 2008-04-17

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Country Status (2)

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JP (1) JP5124570B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008044792A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012513236A (ja) * 2008-12-22 2012-06-14 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 気体のストリームを加湿する方法、及びこのためのアセンブリ
US10982678B2 (en) 2018-05-21 2021-04-20 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Epicyclic drive for gas turbine engine lubricant pump

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0265163A2 (fr) * 1986-10-16 1988-04-27 Intertech Resources Inc. Echangeur de chaleur et d'humidité
GB2267661A (en) * 1992-06-11 1993-12-15 Pall Corp Heat and moisture exchanging filters
GB2267840A (en) * 1992-06-19 1993-12-22 Intersurgical Ltd Heat and moisture exchanger/filter
US5284160A (en) * 1991-11-13 1994-02-08 Dryden Gale E Consolidated anesthesia circuit
WO1999033523A1 (fr) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-08 Enternet Medical, Inc. Generateur et echangeur de chaleur et d'humidite

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0265163A2 (fr) * 1986-10-16 1988-04-27 Intertech Resources Inc. Echangeur de chaleur et d'humidité
US5284160A (en) * 1991-11-13 1994-02-08 Dryden Gale E Consolidated anesthesia circuit
GB2267661A (en) * 1992-06-11 1993-12-15 Pall Corp Heat and moisture exchanging filters
GB2267840A (en) * 1992-06-19 1993-12-22 Intersurgical Ltd Heat and moisture exchanger/filter
WO1999033523A1 (fr) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-08 Enternet Medical, Inc. Generateur et echangeur de chaleur et d'humidite

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012513236A (ja) * 2008-12-22 2012-06-14 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 気体のストリームを加湿する方法、及びこのためのアセンブリ
US10982678B2 (en) 2018-05-21 2021-04-20 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Epicyclic drive for gas turbine engine lubricant pump
US11719246B2 (en) 2018-05-21 2023-08-08 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Epicyclic drive for gas turbine engine lubricant pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2010505455A (ja) 2010-02-25
JP5124570B2 (ja) 2013-01-23

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