WO2008023732A1

WO2008023732A1 - Highly pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger, container for occluding hydrogen, and method of producing them

Info

Publication number: WO2008023732A1
Application number: PCT/JP2007/066275
Authority: WO
Inventors: Koutarou Matsu; Yasuyuki Ikegami
Original assignee: Tokyo Braze Co., Ltd.; National University Incoporation Saga University
Priority date: 2006-08-23
Filing date: 2007-08-22
Publication date: 2008-02-28
Also published as: JPWO2008023732A1

Abstract

A novel highly pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger of plate type, in which fluid flow is improved. A large number of square metal plates (1) and metal corrugated fins (2) with substantially the same outer profile as the metal plates (1) are alternately layered and combined by brazing in a desired number of tiers. A high-pressure high-temperature fluid (A) is caused to flow in one passage (3) formed between a fin (2) and plates (1), and fluid (B), such as gas and liquid, that is to be heated by heat exchange is caused to flow in the other passage (4) facing the passage (3). The passages (3, 4) of heat exchanger bodies are individually connected to each other. An inlet opening and outlet opening for each fluid are formed on the outside of a heat exchanger body, and each of the passages runs from the inlet opening to the outlet opening without branching.

Description

Specification

High pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger, hydrogen storage container, and manufacturing method thereof

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to various heat exchangers, in particular, heat pumps using natural refrigerants such as CO.

2

This is a compact, high pressure resistant and compact heat exchanger effective in manufacturing, its manufacturing method, and heat exchanger system. The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage container capable of storing and releasing hydrogen and a method for manufacturing the same.

Background art

[0002] This type of heat exchanger has a very high energy efficiency and uses a heat pump system. It replaces the refrigerant, such as chlorofluorocarbon, which destroys the natural environment, with CO as a natural refrigerant.

As a result, the development of environmentally friendly heat exchangers with an ozone depletion coefficient of zero and a global warming potential of “1” has become active (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] On the other hand, compact, relatively flat and small plate-type heat exchangers are also known (see, for example, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3). In particular, the heat exchanger of Patent Document 2 has a structure in which Herringbone plates are laminated.

[0004] Here, the basic structure of the plate heat exchanger according to the invention of Patent Document 3 is shown in FIGS. 30 and 31. FIG. As can be seen from these figures, the natural refrigerant and the fluid to be heated flow through each plate while alternately intersecting each plate. In addition, the flow of the natural refrigerant and the fluid to be heated is a flow that diverges in the flow path leading to the inflow locus outlet (hereinafter referred to as “parallel flow”).

[0005] In addition, as a container for storing a hydrogen storage alloy and storing hydrogen, a hybrid type that makes it possible to use a hydrogen storage alloy at a high pressure by taking advantage of the characteristics of a high pressure container and the characteristics of the hydrogen storage alloy. Research and development of containers is underway. However, since it is necessary to cope with high pressure, most of them are of the tube type, the occupation rate of the hydrogen storage alloy in the container is bad, and the heat transfer characteristics accompanying the reaction heat at the time of injection and discharge are not good, There is a problem such as Compactness and high heat transfer characteristics are required. In order to solve these problems, in recent years, the hydrogen-absorbing alloy accommodating spaces and the heat medium passages are alternately set between the stacked plate-shaped partition walls, and the transfer between the hydrogen storage alloy and the heat medium is performed via the plate-shaped partition walls. A heat-absorbing type hydrogen storage alloy container has been proposed. Examples thereof include those disclosed in Patent Documents 4 to 6, for example.

Patent Document 1: JP 2004-28356 A

Patent Document 2: JP 2002-35929 A

Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent No. 3605089

Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-330301

Patent Document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-266350

Patent Document 6: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-170998

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0006] By the way, when natural refrigerant CO as in Patent Document 1 is used, the operating pressure increases, and

2

For this reason, the heat exchanger must be increased in size, and there is a problem that it cannot be reduced in size and size.

[0007] That is, natural refrigerant CO works as a high-pressure gas of 8MPa or more, so a heat exchanger is constructed.

2

The thickness of the metal material to be formed has to be increased in order to maintain pressure resistance, and in addition, there is a problem that the heat exchange structure cannot be increased in size.

[0008] Therefore, the conventional thin and compact plate fin type heat exchanger shown in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, which is configured by laminating plates and fins, lacks pressure resistance and breaks down the material. Deformation and breakage such as peeling of brazing parts caused no use at all. Further, the structure in which the herringbone plates of Patent Document 2 are stacked has a problem that a sufficient heat exchange rate cannot be obtained. Furthermore, since the flow of the natural refrigerant and the fluid to be heated in the plate-type heat exchanger of Patent Document 3 is a parallel flow, sufficient thermal efficiency cannot be obtained.

[0009] However, in order to reduce the size, it is necessary to use a simple plate type structure having a flat structure and an effective heat exchange rate as shown in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3. Hot It was.

[0010] The present invention has been made paying attention to the above points, and the basic configuration is a high-efficiency plate-type heat exchanger that is not a herringbone structure and has a high withstand voltage and a small size. An object of the present invention is to provide a novel high pressure compact heat exchanger with improved fluid flow in the heat exchanger, a manufacturing method thereof, and a heat exchanger system.

[0011] Further, the conventional hydrogen storage alloy container has a configuration shown in each of the above-mentioned patent documents, and heat transfer is effectively performed between the hydrogen storage alloy and the heat medium by the form in which the plates are laminated. This is a force that can efficiently transfer heat by ensuring the maximum available area, and can smoothly absorb and release hydrogen in the hydrogen storage alloy, and the working pressure is at least as high as IMPa. Since a certain pressure resistance is required, as shown in Patent Documents 4 and 5, the unit in which the plates are stacked is accommodated in a pressure vessel, or the outer shell plate covering the heat exchanger core is brazed or welded. When integrated, a complicated structure with an emphasis on pressure resistance must be adopted, and as shown in Patent Document 6, the alloy container and other members are integrated by welding to form an outer shell as a container. And hydrogen storage alloy After Filling into each container, such as it is necessary to welded capped in the housing opening, Le a manufacturing process that Do and complicated, a ivy problem! / Was.

[0012] On the other hand, conventionally, as the use of hydrogen storage alloys has progressed, there has been a problem that the hydrogen storage alloys are solidified and the performance of hydrogen injection and discharge is reduced. As a means for ensuring ventilation, it is proposed in Patent Document 6 that a ventilation material is installed. However, due to the arrangement between corrugated fins, it is difficult to install the container. Had the problem of increasing complexity.

[0013] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and by using the plates in a laminated state, it is possible to achieve both the securing of the pressure resistance, the simplification of the container structure, the miniaturization, and the dullness of the manufacturing process. , A hydrogen storage container that can promote good heat transfer between the hydrogen storage alloy and the heat medium, improve the flow state of hydrogen inside and efficiently store and release hydrogen, and manufacture of the container It aims to provide a method.

Means for solving the problem

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention has the following configuration. [0015] (1) At least a rectangular or rectangular metal plate and a metal fin formed by forming a concavo-convex shape on the entire surface of a substantially plate-like body having substantially the same or smaller outer shape as the plate, The plate is formed with an outer peripheral protruding wall in an upright state having a predetermined height substantially the same as the fin height with respect to a portion other than the peripheral edge at a peripheral portion of the plate, and the plate is aligned with the direction of the outer peripheral protruding wall, and Multiple plates are stacked with one fin interposed between them, and the contact portion between the tip of the outer peripheral protrusion wall of each plate and the base end portion of the outer peripheral protrusion wall of the other plate, and the contact portion between the plate and the fin The container body is formed by brazing together and in an airtight state to form a container main body, and the gaps generated between the plates are divided into two sets, one set for each gap. , Predetermined heat On the other hand, a predetermined heated fluid is circulated in the gap of the other set, and an inlet portion and an outlet portion of the heat medium communicating with the gap of the one set are communicated with the outer surface portion of the container body. One or a plurality of each is disposed, and one or a plurality of inlet / outlet portions of the fluid to be heated communicating with the other set of gaps are disposed.

[0016] (2) The outer peripheral protruding wall is inclined outward from the vertical, and the contact portion between the outer peripheral protruding wall tip inner side portion and the outer peripheral protruding wall base end outer portion of the other plate is brazed. The high pressure resistant compact heat exchanger as described in (1) above.

(3) The step (1) is characterized in that a stepped portion is formed at a tip of the outer peripheral protruding wall, and the stepped portion and the contact portion of the outer peripheral protruding wall base end portion and the outer side portion of the other plate are brazed. ) High pressure resistant compact heat exchanger as described.

(4) One of the both passages is formed so as not to branch from the inlet portion to the outlet portion, and the other passage does not branch from the inlet portion to the outlet portion! High pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger according to any one of the above (1) to (3) V, which is a gap

(5) One of the two passages is formed so as to reach the outlet portion without branching from the inlet portion, and the other passage is a passage branching from the inlet portion to the outlet portion. The high pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein

[0020] (6) The above (1) to (5), wherein the arrangement direction of the uneven fins forms a desired angle with respect to the direction of the flow path of the heating medium and the fluid to be heated. ) High pressure compact heat exchanger.

[0021] (7) The high withstand pressure compact heat exchanger as described in (6) above, wherein the desired angle is any angle from 0 degrees to 90 degrees.

(8) The concavo-convex fins are divided into a desired number in the rectangular metal plate, the arrangement direction of the divided concavo-convex fins, the high-pressure fluid, and the heated fluid. The high pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger as set forth in any one of (1) to (5) V, wherein the angular forces formed by the flow paths are different from each other.

[0023] (9) An outer shell plate having a substantially plate-like body that is thicker and stronger than the plate and is formed with the inlet portion, the outlet portion, and / or the inlet / outlet portion on the outer side in the stacking direction of the plates to be stacked. The outer shell plate is joined to the container body by brazing to the tip of the outer peripheral protruding wall of another plate adjacent to the outer shell plate or the surface in the stacking direction of the other plate. The high withstand pressure compact heat exchanger according to any one of (1) to (8), which is integrated.

[0024] (10) The high-pressure natural refrigerant is any one of carbon dioxide, ammonia, a mixture of water and ammonia, isobutane, propane, normal butane, or propylene. Any of the high pressure resistant compact heat exchangers described.

[0025] (11) On both sides of a large number of rectangular metal plates, notch holes and flow holes that allow fluid to flow to the own stage and other stages are arranged in parallel on the outside of the uneven fins. The guide plate is integrated with the metal plate, and when the plurality of metal plates are laminated, the metal plate is formed with a through hole in the place facing the notch hole and the through hole. The high pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger according to any one of (1) to (9).

[0026] (12) The uneven fin is formed by one or a combination of an offset type, a flat fin type, a corrugated fin type, a louver type, a perforated type, and the like (1 ) To (9) High pressure resistant compact heat exchanger as described in any one.

[0027] (13) In the high pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger according to any one of (1) to (12), the plate and the fin are a stainless material having a brazing tensile strength of 52 kgf / mm ² or more, Thickness is 0.3 mm or more, the joint area of the plate and fin is 4 mm ² or more per joint, and for brazing, a brazing material with a joint strength of 20 kgf / mm ² or more is laminated. A high pressure compact heat exchanger characterized in that it is disposed at each contact portion between the plates in the state and between the plates and the fins.

[0028] (14) A heat exchanger system comprising a plurality of high-pressure-resistant compact heat exchangers as described in (1) to (12) above, or connected in series or in parallel.

[0029] (15) A plurality of metal plates formed with an outer peripheral protruding wall in an upright state with respect to a portion other than the peripheral portion at the peripheral portion of the plate, and an outer shape substantially the same as or smaller than the plate. A state in which the plate is aligned with the direction of the outer peripheral protruding wall and the fin is interposed between at least the metal fin formed by forming a concavo-convex shape on the entire surface of the substantially plate-like body having In addition, a plurality of layers are laminated together, brazing materials are disposed at the contact portions of the plates and between the plates and fins, the laminated members are placed in a vacuum heating furnace, and the plates and the plates and fins are heated by heating. A method of manufacturing a high pressure compact heat exchanger, characterized in that each contact part is brazed to form an integrally joined state.

[0030] (16) At least a rectangular or rectangular metal plate and a metal fin formed by forming a concavo-convex shape on the entire surface of a substantially plate-like body having an outer shape substantially the same as or smaller than the plate. The plate is formed with an outer peripheral protruding wall that is in an upright state at a predetermined height substantially the same as the fin height with respect to a portion other than the peripheral edge at the peripheral portion of the plate, and the plate is aligned with the direction of the outer peripheral protruding wall. In addition, a plurality of the fins are stacked in a state of interposing the fins one by one, and the contact portion between the distal end of the outer peripheral protruding wall of each plate and the outer peripheral protruding wall base end portion of the other plate, and the plate and the fin The contact portions of the plates are joined together by brazing in an airtight state to form a container body, and the gaps generated between the plates are divided into two sets, each having the same set, and the gaps in one set are separated. The predetermined heat While the medium is circulated, a predetermined hydrogen storage alloy is accommodated in the gap of the other set, and an inlet portion and an outlet portion of the heat medium connected to the gap of the one set are provided on the outer surface portion of the container body. And a plurality of hydrogen storage alloys, and one or a plurality of hydrogen storage alloys and hydrogen inlet / outlet portions communicating with the other set of gaps.

[0031] (17) In the hydrogen storage container according to (16), a predetermined ventilation that allows at least hydrogen gas to be ventilated in a gap between the plate and the fin between the stacked plates in a completed state of the container. The material is placed in multiple inserts, and after brazing the plates, between the plates A container for storing hydrogen, which is fixed to the container.

[0032] (18) The hydrogen storage container according to (17), wherein the ventilation member is formed of a heat-conductive material.

[0033] (19) In the hydrogen storage container according to (17), the air-permeable material is applied to the plate and / or the fin before laminating the plates, and foamed in the process of heating and temperature rise accompanying brazing. And a hydrogen storage container characterized by being made into a predetermined foam material that maintains a porous state in which it can be cooled and hardened and be vented after brazing.

[0034] (20) The hydrogen storage container according to any one of (16) to (19), wherein a plurality of the hydrogen inlet / outlet portions are arranged, and serves as a hydrogen injection / release base ¾ Install a control valve, or a control valve and a filter in the hydrogen passage, and branch out from the hydrogen passage closer to the one inlet / outlet portion than the control valve or the control valve and filter. In another hydrogen passage leading to the section, an actuator or a flow device is installed, and when storing or releasing hydrogen, the actuator or flow device is operated to flow hydrogen or hydrogen and a hydrogen storage alloy. Hydrogen storage container.

[0035] (21) In the hydrogen storage container according to any one of (16) to (20), the plate has an opening hole communicating with the inlet portion, the outlet portion, or the inlet / outlet portion at an end portion. One or a plurality of holes are drilled, and are disposed so as to be able to abut and braze at both ends of the plate including the vicinity of the opening of the two plates sandwiching the gap. A guide plate provided with one or a plurality of flow holes communicating with the opening hole, the inlet portion, the outlet portion, and / or the inlet / outlet portion; and the guide plate includes a gap between the disposed plates and the flow passage. When the fluid passing through the hole is the same, a part of the guide plate is cut away to allow the flow hole to communicate with the gap.

[0036] (22) In the hydrogen storage container according to any one of (16) to (21), the fin has an offset shape, a flat fin shape, a corrugated fin shape, a louver shape, a perforated shape. A container for storing hydrogen, wherein the container is formed by one or a combination of molds.

[0037] (23) The hydrogen storage container according to any one of the above (16) to (22)! / An outer shell plate that is thicker and stronger than the plate and that forms the inlet portion, the outlet portion, and / or the inlet / outlet portion is laminated and disposed outside the plate in the stacking direction. The outer shell plate is joined to the tip of the outer peripheral protruding wall of another plate adjacent to the outer shell plate or the surface in the stacking direction of the other plate by brazing, and is integrated with the container body. Container.

[0038] (24) In the hydrogen storage container according to any one of (16) to (23), the plate and the fin are a stainless material having a brazing tensile strength of 52 kgf / mm ² or more and having a thickness. The joint area between the plate and fin is 4 mm 2 or more per joint, and for brazing, a brazing material with a joint strength of 20 kgf / mm ² or more And a hydrogen storage container, which is disposed at each contact portion between the plate and the fin.

[0039] (25) A plurality of metal plates formed with outer peripheral protruding walls that are in a standing state with a predetermined height with respect to a portion other than the peripheral portion at the peripheral portion of the plate, and an outer shape substantially the same as or smaller than the plate. A state in which the plate is aligned with the direction of the outer peripheral protruding wall and the fin is interposed between at least the metal fin formed by forming a concavo-convex shape on the entire surface of the substantially plate-like body having A plurality of layers, and a brazing material is disposed at the contact portions between the plates and between the plate and the fin, and a ventilation material through which hydrogen gas can be ventilated is disposed at a predetermined position. A method for producing a hydrogen storage container, wherein each member is placed in a heating furnace, and the plates and the contact portions between the plates and the fins are brazed to form an integrally joined state by heating.

The invention's effect

[0040] According to the high-voltage compact heat exchanger of the present invention, the metal or alloy constituting the heat exchanger body is a wall thickness of 0. 3 mm or more, excellent tensile strength 52kg / mm ² or more corrosion resistance And a brazing metal of your choice, such as Cu and Cu alloys, and the joint area of the plate and fin is more than 4 mm ² per bump, so it is 8MPa of natural refrigerant such as CO.

2

The above high-pressure and high-temperature fluid can be distributed.

[0041] Moreover, since the heat exchanger main body can use a plurality of metal plates and the uneven fins to be joined to the plates in a desired shape, it can be selected according to the intended use, It can be used for your favorite hot water system.

[0042] Furthermore, unlike the case where the flow of fluid in the heat exchanger is only a parallel flow, the fluid that has entered the inlet of the heat exchanger flows to the outlet without branching in the heat exchanger ( Hereinafter, this flow is referred to as “direct flow”), so the heat exchange rate of the heat exchanger is improved.

[0043] It should be noted that natural refrigerants such as CO after heat exchange are expanded, air heat exchange, and compressor cooling.

2

A repetitive heat source can be obtained by a heat pump unit system with a medium cycle. In particular, since it has a high pressure resistance effect, a compact flat and small heat exchanger can be provided.

[0044] On the other hand, the hydrogen storage container and the method for producing the same of the present invention have the following effects.

That is, according to the invention of the above (16), a plurality of plates and fins are alternately combined to form a predetermined number of layers, and the fins and the plates are brazed to form the container body, and between the plates. One of the two gaps formed in the above is a flow path for the heat medium, and the other gap is a housing space for the hydrogen storage alloy, and the hydrogen storage alloy and the heat medium for controlling the reaction heat have the plate and fins. In this state, the plate and fins can be joined together to achieve a structure that can withstand high pressures of about lOOMPa, making the container compact and excellent in pressure resistance. As a result of the heat transfer, the cooling and heating characteristics are improved, the reactivity of cooling and heat dissipation in the hydrogen storage alloy is improved, and the hydrogen storage and release performance by the hydrogen storage alloy is excellent. In addition, it is extremely easy to install fins in the container and between the plates when laminating the plates, so that the manufacturing process can be simplified, and even if the pressure strength is increased, each part is thick and thick. This avoids an increase in weight and can reduce costs.

[0046] According to the invention of the above (17), when a predetermined ventilation material is disposed between the plates and integrated with each member in a brazing process to form a container, the ventilation material is used when the plates are laminated. It is possible to install the ventilation material appropriately and easily only by placing the metal plate between the plates, simplify the container structure and the manufacturing process, and provide hydrogen to the vicinity of the hydrogen storage alloy via the ventilation material. Reaching and releasing can be ensured, and the characteristics of hydrogen injection and discharge such as heat transfer, speed, flow rate, and loss can be improved.

[0047] According to the invention of (18), the ventilation member made of a material having good heat conductivity is disposed between the plates. In addition, the contact between the air-permeable material and the fins and the plate enables effective heat transfer through the air-permeable material in the ripening between the hydrogen-absorbing alloy and the plate, further increasing the heat-transfer performance for the hydrogen-absorbing alloy. As a result, the reactivity of cooling and heat dissipation in the hydrogen storage alloy is improved, and the characteristics of hydrogen injection and release are excellent.

[0048] According to the invention of (19), a foaming material that foams at a high temperature and eventually becomes a porous material is used as a ventilation material, and the foaming material is applied in the manufacturing process, and the brazing heated high temperature When the brazing is completed, a state of functioning as a ventilation material having fine voids is obtained when brazing is completed, so that the hydrogen permeability to the hydrogen storage alloy can be improved as the ventilation material and the ventilation material can be arranged. Such a manufacturing process can be simplified.

[0049] According to the invention of the above (20), a plurality of hydrogen inlet / outlet portions are provided in the container, and the control valve or the control valve and the filter are provided in the inlet / outlet portion serving as the main hydrogen injection / discharge portion. On the other hand, in the hydrogen storage alloy that is easy to solidify by installing hydrogen flow devices in the passages to other entrances and exits, and by using these to flow hydrogen or hydrogen and hydrogen storage alloy Improves hydrogen absorption and release reaction characteristics

[0050] According to the invention of (21), one or a plurality of opening holes are formed in the plate end portion, and one or a plurality of flow holes are formed in the gap between the plate end portions. By arranging a predetermined flow hole in the gap with a notch in the guide plate, the joint strength of the plate can be increased and the pressure resistance of the container can be improved. By setting the notch, the gap between the plates can be in the desired communication state, and the gap can be made into one flow path in series or multiple flow paths in parallel, depending on the desired use conditions The efficiency of hydrogen storage and release can be improved by setting the flow conditions of the heat medium and hydrogen optimally.

[0051] According to the invention of (22), by changing the shape of the fins arranged between the plates, the heat transfer performance with respect to the hydrogen storage alloy can be made according to the operating conditions, and the optimum container Is obtained.

[0052] According to the invention of (23), a high-strength outer shell plate is disposed outside the stacked plates, and the plate is supported from both sides in the stacking direction, so that it can be added to the hydrogen storage alloy. It is possible to surely prevent deformation of the plate that is subjected to a high pressure and to facilitate heat transfer and heat exchange between the hydrogen storage alloy and the heat medium.

[0053] According to the inventions of (24) and (25), a plurality of plates and uneven fins are alternately combined to form a predetermined number of stacked layers, and the fins and the plates are brazed to form the container body. As a result, it is possible to realize a structure that can withstand a high pressure of about 30 MPa by joining the plates to each other and the plate and the fin, making the container compact and excellent in pressure resistance, and providing fins into the container. Since it is extremely easy to install the plate between the plates when stacking the plates, the manufacturing process can be simplified.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a plate heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[Figure 2] Sectional view of the plate heat exchanger shown in Figure 1

[Fig. 3] (a) is an illustration showing a metal plate unit 60, and (b) is an illustration showing a metal plate unit 50.

[Figure 4] Explanatory drawing showing the metal plate unit 70

[Fig.5] Diagram showing guide plates 5, 51 and their cross sections

[Fig. 6] Enlarged cross-sectional view and cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII showing the relationship between brazing state and thickness of metal plate, offset fin and outer peripheral protruding wall of plate

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing another example of the shape of the tip of the outer peripheral protruding wall of the plate according to each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a plate heat exchanger according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[Fig. 9] Cross section of the plate heat exchanger shown in Fig. 7.

[FIG. 10] (a), (b), (c), and (d) are perspective views showing fins of other shapes.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the main part of another plate heat exchanger

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the flow direction of the liquid and the refrigerant and the arrangement direction of the fins

[Figure 13] Figure of fin with height 1.5 mm and its enlarged view

FIG. 14 shows plate and fin filters in a hydrogen storage container according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. Enlarged cross section and enlarged longitudinal section

15] Arrangement explanatory drawing of the ventilation material in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. 16] Other explanatory example of the arrangement of the ventilation material in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

17] Ventilation material arrangement state explanatory diagram on the plate in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention

18] Other arrangement state explanatory drawing of the ventilation material on the plate in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention

19] Explanatory drawing showing a first example of the fluid flow state in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory view showing a second example of a fluid flow state in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory view showing a third example of a fluid flow state in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen storage container according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing another fluid flow state in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is an explanatory view showing the supply and discharge states of each fluid in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

25] Explanatory drawing showing other supply / discharge states of each fluid in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention

26] Explanatory drawing showing each fluid supply / discharge state causing the in-vessel flow state of the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

27] Explanatory drawing showing each state before and after brazing of the ventilation material in the hydrogen storage container according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention

28] A diagram showing a state in which a hydrogen ventilation material is installed on the fins in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth and ninth embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 29 shows a ventilation material arrangement in the hydrogen storage container according to the eighth and ninth embodiments of the present invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the other example of an installation state

FIG. 30 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a plate-type heat exchanger according to a conventional example. FIG. 31 is an exploded perspective view of the plate-type heat exchanger shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Metal plate

l a Perimeter wall

2 Uneven fin

3, 4 Clearance

3a, 3b, 3c, 3d passage

4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e passage

5 Guide plate

51 Guide plate

6 Notch hole

7 Distribution hole

8, 9 outer shell plate

10, 11 Inlet part

12, 13 Outlet

14 Opening hole

30, 31 Ventilation material

32 Foam

40 Hydrogen storage alloy

50, 60, 70 Metal plate unit

80 Container body

A high temperature hot fluid

B Heated fluid

C Heat transfer path

D Hydrogen pathway

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. Example 1

In the drawings, 1 is a number of rectangular metal plates, 2 is a metal uneven fin disposed in the outer peripheral projection wall la of the metal plate 1, and 3 is the plate 1 and the plate One passage formed between the fins 2 and the passage 3 through which the high-pressure and high-temperature fluid A flows. 4 is the other passage formed between the plate 1 and the fin 2 on the opposite side of the passage 3, and in this passage 4 is a heated fluid B such as cold water or cold air to be heat-exchanged. Circulate. 5 is a guide plate arranged on both sides of the metal plate 1, which allows the flow of the fluid plate A or B alternately to the metal plate 1 of the self-stage and other stages of the metal plate 1 stacked in multiple stages. The notch hole 6 and the flow hole 7 through which the fluid A or B passes are arranged in parallel.

[0058] 51 is a guide plate similar to 5 and has a force S, and there is no flow hole 7 and only a notch hole 6 is provided. This guide and plate 5 and 51 are combined into three types of metal plate units 50, 60 and 70.

[0059] Reference numeral 8 denotes the lowermost outer shell plate, and 9 denotes the uppermost outer shell plate. The fluid inlets 10 and 11 and the outlets 12 and 13 are integrally provided for each of the fluid bottles and bottles. Reference numeral 14 denotes a hole formed in the metal plate 1 communicating with the cutout hole 6 and the flow hole 7, and 15 denotes a brazing portion formed at a joint portion of each member.

[0060] With these configurations, the heat exchanger body X is configured.

[0061] Each member having the above-described configuration is manufactured by a metal material and a brazing process by a method described later.

First, the operation will be described based on the above configuration.

[0063] The number of stages of the metal plate 1 is, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the fluid A is 3 stages, and the other fluid B is 4 stages including the lowest plate 8. It is. In this case, metal plate units 50 and 60 are stacked alternately! / (See Fig. 1).

[0064] One fluid A is a high-pressure and high-temperature fluid using a natural refrigerant such as CO.

2

The multi-stage metal plate unit 50 of path 3 passes through 3a, 3b, 3c of the 50, and the other heated fluid B passes through 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of multi-stage metal plate unit 60 of the path 4. , Both fluid A, B force Heat is exchanged between them. Fluids A and B are both the highest and lowest Through the inlet portions 10 and 11 provided in the outer shell plates 8 and 9, the heat is exchanged through the passages 3 and 4 and led out to the outside through the outlet portions 12 and 13, respectively. At this time, it can be seen that the fluids A and B are not branched in the flow path from the inlet portions 10 and 11 to the outlet portions 12 and 13.

[0065] One fluid A that has been heat-exchanged and dissipated heat is not shown, but is provided with a heat pump system. After passing through an expansion valve of the circulation circuit → atmospheric heat exchanger → compressor, it becomes a high-pressure high-temperature fluid again, according to the present invention. Introduced into the inlet 10 of the heat exchanger body X, it reverses and exhibits the same action

[0066] On the other hand, the other fluid B having a high temperature after heat exchange becomes hot water and hot air, and is used as indoor heating and air conditioning. If a closed circuit configuration is provided, the other fluid B is dissipated and is introduced again from the inlet 11 of the heat exchanger main body X, and similarly rebounds to exhibit the same action.

[0067] By the way, when CO used as a natural refrigerant is used as fluid A,

2

(Temperature) Max 110 ° C (Inlet 10)

(Pressure) 14MPa

(Flow rate) 51 / min

Using clean water as the fluid to be heated for fluid B,

(Temperature) Maximum 90 ° C (Inlet 11)

(Pressure) 1 · 7MPa

(Flow rate) 51 / min

In order to satisfy the above conditions, the results of a test using fluids A and B using a laminated offset type titanium plate heat exchanger having a conventional configuration shown in Patent Document 3 showed that offset fins, plates and It was found that brazing began to deform at 14 MPa as the pressure of fluid A gradually increased, and pressurization at 25 MPa or higher became impossible. That is, offset fin deformation, breakage, plate deformation, brazing delamination, etc. were discovered.

[0068] Here, stainless steel SUS304 = SUS27CP (cold rolled stainless steel plate) as the metal of metal plate 1 and offset uneven fin 2

[0069] [Table 1] (Chemical composition) (Tensile strength)

% By weight

[52Kg / mm ² ]

Material strength of offset fin 2

3. OmmX 0.5 X 52KgX 800 pieces = 62.40 OKg

[0070] and

-Plate 1 thickness t: 0.3 mm or more

1

• Thickness of outer peripheral protruding wall la: 0: 0.3 mm or more

2

• Fin 2 thickness t: 0.3 mm or more

Three

As the brazing metal, Cu brazing strength 20kg / mm ² is used, and the brazing strength of the offset fin 2 is one step.

4. 2mm X 3.0mm X 20kg / mnT X 400 Fixed processing = 100, 800kg, and the strength was remarkably increased (see Fig. 6).

[0071] The brazing area was 400 per side per plate, and 50% when viewed from the area of the entire plate. This

Deformation value 42MPa

'Burst value (destructive value) 62MPa

This is an amazing figure, that is, the performance of a flat plate-type small heat exchanger.

[0072] This flat plate type small heat exchanger is not limited to the above-described offset type fin 2, and other shapes of fins as shown in Fig. 10 (a) flat plate fin 2a (b) corrugated Fin 2b (c) Louver fin 2c (d) Perforated fin 2d and other metal plate 1A and uneven as shown in Fig. 11 stacked in upper and lower layers other than shown in this example The same can be applied to the plate type composed of the fins 2.

[0073] As described above, the metal plate 1, the offset fin 2, and the brazing metal described in the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to metals and materials having the same function.

[0074] The high-pressure heat exchanger of the present embodiment is a heat bond that uses the characteristics of the present invention and uses CO as a refrigerant.

2

Ammonia, water / ammonia mixture, isobutane, propane, normolebutane, propylene, etc. that can be used only in a pump 1. The effect is large, compact, and high performance in relation to heat pumps and air-conditioning refrigeration that operate at high pressures above OMPa. In particular, high pressure resistance can be used to obtain high system performance and adapt to the heat transfer characteristics in the heat exchanger. System performance can be improved by raising the temperature of the high-temperature side refrigerant.

[0075] It should be noted that the tip of the outer peripheral protruding wall la of the plate is brought into contact with the outer peripheral protruding wall la base end of the adjacent other plate as shown in FIG. As shown in (a), the side surfaces can be brought into contact with each other for brazing. In this case, the outer peripheral projection wall la is slightly inclined outward from the vertical with respect to the other parts of the plate, and when each plate is laminated, force is applied in the direction in which the contact state of the plate becomes stronger. The bonding strength between the plates can be increased. In addition, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), a stepped portion is formed at the tip of the outer peripheral protruding wall la so that the stepped portion fits without deviation from the outer peripheral protruding wall la base end of the other plate. May be.

Example 2

Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.

[0077] In the invention of Example 1, the flows of the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid A and the heated fluid B are flows that do not branch in the flow path from the inlet to the outlet (direct flow).

, Fluid A is a direct flow, but Fluid B is a parallel flow heat exchanger.

[0078] As shown in FIG. 8, the basic structure is the same as that of the heat exchanger of the first embodiment, except that the three metal plate units 50 in FIG. It is a heat exchanger of a present Example.

[0079] As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, with such a structure, fluid B is made of a metal plate unit. The flow branches off at the position of G 60 and can be merged. As a result, heat can be efficiently exchanged with the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid A.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the flow inside the heat exchanger, as in FIG.

Example 3

[0081] In this example, in the heat exchangers of Example 1 and Example 2, the arrangement direction of the uneven fins 2 in the metal plate units 50, 60, and 70 is changed according to the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid A and the fluid B to be heated. It is a heat exchanger when it is set at 90, 45, and 30 degrees with respect to the direction of flow (see Fig. 12). In this way, it is possible to provide a heat exchanger having various heat exchange rates by changing the angle between the fin arrangement direction and the fluid flow direction.

[0082] Further, in the same metal plate unit, concave and convex fins having various angles with respect to the fluids A and B may be combined. By combining various fins in this way, it is possible to provide a heat exchanger with different heat exchange rates. Further, a heat exchanger system may be constructed by connecting the heat exchangers in series or in parallel.

Example 4

Hereinafter, an example of the production method of the present invention will be described.

[0084] Each metal plate 1 having the above-described configuration, and a guide plate 5 having a concave and convex fin 2, a notch hole 6, and a flow hole 7 are disposed in each metal plate 1, and the upper and lower stages are arranged. To form the original shape of the heat exchanger body X in Figs. 2 (a) and 2 (b).

[0085] The constituent metals of the constituent members are as follows.

[0086] 1. Metal plate 1 and offset uneven fin 2

...... SUS304 (Cold rolled stainless steel sheet (chemical composition shown in Table 1)

2.Metal plate 1 thickness t: 0.3mm or more

3. Thickness of outer peripheral wall la t: 0.3mm or more

2

4.Fin 2 thickness t: 0.3 mm or more

Three

5. Thickness t of guide plate 5: Slightly lower than the inner height of the outer peripheral wall la (1.5 mm or less)

Four

Up)

The brazing metal applied to the joints of these components was a Cu brazing strength of 20 kg / mm2. [0087] Thus the assembly of stacked heat exchanger body, gradually heat the degree of vacuum in the furnace placed in a vacuum heating furnace as about 10_ ⁴ torr. Incidentally, it may be used in an inert gas atmosphere such as a vacuum degree is necessary to increase more than necessary Nag 10_ ⁴ torr even more good tool Ar or He, may be used in combination with both atmosphere. When the temperature in the furnace reaches from 840 ° C to 1000 ° C, maintain this temperature for about 25 to 35 minutes, then lower the temperature to make the product.

Example 5

[0088] Since the high-pressure vessel of the present invention has corrosion resistance against pure ammonia and a mixed fluid of water / ammonia, the waste heat utilization power generation apparatus and hot spring water using a heat source of 25 ° C to 120 ° C are used. A high-performance and compact power generation system can be constructed by using it as a heat exchanger for temperature difference power generation system devices such as power generation devices, particularly evaporators and condensers, heaters and regenerators.

[0089] The conventional equipment has a higher performance than the IMPa when using pure ammonia and water / ammonia mixed fluid in the power generation system apparatus. Therefore, the conventional plate heat exchanger cannot be used.

[0090] By using the high-pressure vessel of the present invention, the utilization thereof becomes possible, and the fin structure in the heat exchanger, which is a feature of the present invention, is adapted to the evaporation phenomenon and the condensation phenomenon in the heat exchanger. Therefore, it is possible to construct a higher performance system. In particular, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the system by raising the evaporation temperature and lowering the condensation temperature under the operating conditions given by the use of these inventive devices. Applicable temperature difference power generation systems include the normal Rankine cycle, Carina cycle, and Wafer cycle. Example 6

[0091] The present invention takes advantage of the fact that it can withstand high pressures compared to conventional heat exchangers, has high heat transfer performance, and can construct a fin structure and flow adapted to heat transfer phenomena in the heat exchanger. High-pressure heat exchanger and high heat transfer other than heat pump system using

2

`` Ground heat cooling and heating system '', `` Gas heat pump '', `` Vehicle air conditioner system '', `` Temperature difference power generation system device '', `` Solar heat utilization heat pump system '', `` Solar heat utilization power generation system '', `` Solar heat utilization '' And `` refrigeration and air conditioning system using ammonia as cooling medium '' and `` refrigeration and air conditioning system using water / ammonia as refrigerant '' It is possible to adapt to “stem”. In addition, the conventional equipment can be installed more compactly than the conventional equipment because of its high heat transfer performance in the desired space. Example 7

[0092] A heat pump system using CO as a refrigerant using the high-pressure heat exchanger of the present invention is

2

In particular, on the high-pressure side suitable for the use of the heat exchanger of the present invention, the critical temperature is as low as 31.1 ° C, so it becomes a supercritical state, and heat transfer in the supercritical state is not accompanied by a phase change, so sensible heat In supercritical, there is a quasicritical point where the specific heat suddenly increases and becomes a maximum, and the heat transfer coefficient increases accordingly. A compact and high-performance heat pump system can be constructed. Furthermore, taking advantage of the features of this high-pressure heat exchanger, if this heat exchanger is used, the performance of the entire system can be improved by building a system with higher pressure on the high-pressure side under the required operating conditions. improves.

Example 8

Note that the hydrogen storage container and the manufacturing method thereof in the present example and the following examples are based on the above-described high pressure heat exchanger and the manufacturing method thereof.

Hereinafter, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 26.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the brazing portion between the plate and the fin in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 15 is an explanatory view of the arrangement of the ventilation material in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment. FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of another arrangement example of the ventilation material in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment, FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of the arrangement state of the ventilation material on the plate in the hydrogen storage container according to the embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 19 is an explanatory view showing a first example of a fluid flow state in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment. FIG. 19 is an explanatory view showing a first example of a fluid flow state in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment. 20 is an explanatory view showing a second example of the fluid flow state in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment; FIG. 21 is an explanatory view showing a third example of the fluid flow state in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment; FIG. 22 shows a hydrogen storage container according to this embodiment. FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing another fluid flow state in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 24 shows a supply / discharge state of each fluid in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment. Explanatory drawing, FIG. 25 is for hydrogen storage according to this embodiment 26 is an explanatory view showing other supply / discharge states of each fluid in the container. FIG. 26 is an explanatory view showing each supply / discharge state of the fluid in the container of the hydrogen storage container according to this embodiment.

Yes

[0096] In each of the above drawings, the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment includes a rectangular metal plate 1 that is stacked and stacked, and a substantially metal plate-like body that has an outer shape smaller than this plate 1. The fins 2 are formed on the entire surface, and the fins 2 are arranged between the plates 1, and the ventilation material 30 is inserted in the gap between the plates 1 and fins 2 between the laminated plates 1. It is the structure provided with.

[0097] The plate 1 is formed with an outer peripheral protruding wall la in an upright state substantially equal to the height of the fin 2 with respect to a portion other than the periphery at the peripheral portion of the plate, and an opening hole having a predetermined diameter at the end portion. One or a plurality of holes 14 are formed.

[0098] A plurality of plates 1 are stacked in a state where the directions of the outer peripheral protruding walls la coincide with each other and the fins 2 are interposed one by one. A brazing material is placed at the contact portion between the outer peripheral protruding wall la base end of the plate and each contact portion between the plate 1 and the fin 2, and the contact portions are integrally and airtightly maintained after brazing. The container body 80 is formed by joining the brazed portion 15.

[0099] Between each plate 1 forming the container body 80, there is a gap in a state where the fins 2 are accommodated, and this gap is divided into two sets as the same set every other side by side in the plate stacking direction. Each of the gaps 3 in one set serves as a flow path portion of a predetermined heat medium, and the gap 4 in the other set serves as a storage space for the hydrogen storage alloy 40.

[0100] An inlet portion 10 and an outlet portion 12 of the heat medium communicating with one set of gaps 3 are respectively disposed on the outer surface portion of the container body 80, and communicated with the other set of gaps 4. The hydrogen storage alloy 40 and the hydrogen inlet / outlet portions 11 and 13 are disposed, respectively.

[0101] The outer surface of the container body 80 is formed with a substantially plate-like body that is thicker and stronger than the plate 1 and has a front entry port 10 and an entrance / exit portion 13 or an exit portion 12 and an entrance / exit portion 11 respectively. Outer shell plates 8, 9 are provided. These outer shell plates 8 and 9 are joined to the entire surface of the outer peripheral protruding wall la of the other plate 1 adjacent thereto by brazing to be integrated with the container body 80 by brazing. [0102] The fin 2 is a metal substantially plate-like body having a size substantially coincident with an intermediate portion excluding the end of the plate 1, and each unevenness is formed so as to have an offset fin shape. It is a configuration. The uneven pitch of the fin 2 is set so that the size of the contact surface with the plate 1 is an appropriate ratio to the size of the gap between the plates, and the uneven pitch is 2L1, that is, the fin convex portion or Assuming that the approximate contact length of the concave plate 1 with L1 is L1, the relationship with the fin height L2 is 0.1 <U / L2 <2.

[0103] The arrangement direction of the unevenness in the fin 2 can be set appropriately at an angle between the arrangement direction and the heat medium flow direction, such as 90 degrees, 45 degrees, or 30 degrees with respect to the heat medium flow direction. Various heat transfer states are obtained depending on the setting. In addition, a combination of fins 2 having different angles with respect to the flow direction of the heat medium may be provided for each gap between the plates 1. By combining various fins 2 in this way, it is possible to optimize the heat transfer state according to the temperature of the heat medium in each part of the container.

[0104] The ventilation member 30 is a continuous body of a plurality of elongated porous members inserted in the vicinity of the plate 1 and the fins 2 in the gap 4 between the stacked plates 1, and the brazing of the plate 1 It is the structure fixed between the plates 1 through.

[0105] The material and shape of the air-permeable material 30 are not particularly limited. In addition to the continuum of the porous material, the metal-sintered nonwoven fabric filter having sufficient air permeability to hydrogen gas, zeolite, ceramic, etc. It is possible to use a tube body or a cylindrical body with fine holes, which meets the desired use conditions. In particular, when a material composed of a material having good thermal conductivity is used, heat transfer is performed through the ventilation member 30 and the heat transfer state with respect to the hydrogen storage alloy 40 is improved. Release characteristics can be improved.

[0106] The ventilation material 30 has a large number of forces arranged per gap. The arrangement state (series, parallel IJ, or a combination thereof) can be set as appropriate. It can support efficient ventilation for the element storage alloy 40 (see Fig. 18). In particular, the ventilation effect can be enhanced by installing ventilation materials along both of the two plates that sandwich the gap (see Fig. 16). In addition, when the ventilation member 30 is made of a material that does not have good thermal conductivity, as shown in FIG. 29, the upright portion that does not participate in the joining of the fin 2 to the plate 1 If it is arranged along the middle of the minute, the heat transfer state between the heat medium and the hydrogen storage alloy 40 via the plate 1 can be maintained and the good heat transfer state can be maintained without hindering the ventilation member 30.

[0107] In the gaps 3 and 4 between the plates, the guide plates 5 and 51 that are sandwiched by the vicinity of the opening hole 14 at the end of the plate 1 are also arranged together with the fins 2 that are sandwiched by the middle part of the plate. (See Fig. 5). The guide plates 5 and 51 are plate-like bodies that can be brought into contact with and brazed to two plates sandwiching the guide plates 5 and 51, and have one or a plurality of flow holes 7 formed therein. The flow holes 7 of the guide plates 5 and 51 communicate with the opening holes 14 of the plate 1 to form the flow path of the heat medium or hydrogen, and the inlet 10, outlet 12, or inlet / outlet 11 of the outer surface of the container body 80. , 13 also communicate with the opening hole 14 respectively. If the guide plate is not provided with the flow hole 7, it can be used as a cutting force for the flow path consisting of the opening hole 14 and the flow hole 7 of another guide plate.

[0108] Then, when the fluid passing through the gaps 3 and 4 between the plates on which the guide plates 5 and 51 are disposed and the flow holes 7 are the same, a part of the guide plates 5 and 51 is cut away so that the flow holes and the gaps are separated. The heat medium or hydrogen can pass through each gap. If the fluids that pass through the gaps 3 and 4 between the plates and the flow holes 7 are different, the flow holes 7 do not communicate with the gaps, and the flow holes 7 pass through the flow holes 7 without moving the fluid to the gaps. Therefore, the heat medium or hydrogen (hydrogen storage alloy) can be alternately introduced into each set of gaps between the stacked plates 1.

[0109] In the container main body 80, the heat medium passes through the inlet portion 10 provided in the outer shell plate 8 and passes through the passages 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d formed by the gaps 3 between the plates 1. Then, it is led out from the outlet 12 of the outer shell plate 9 (path C). The flow path of the heat medium from the inlet 10 to the outlet 12 has three types of units 50, 60, 70 with different combinations of the plate 1 and the adjacent guide plates 5, 51 (see Figures 3 and 4). Depending on the selection, the passages 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d can be connected in series or in a parallel state branching along the way (see Figures 9 to 23). Of these, when the passages 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are connected in series, the heat flow efficiency through the gap can be increased when the flow rate of the heat medium is constant. Can be improved. In this case, the gap 4 on the hydrogen storage alloy 40 side near the heat medium inlet side 4 is made larger than that on the outlet side to increase the filling amount of the hydrogen storage alloy 40. Or increase the filling rate of the hydrogen storage alloy 40 in the gap 4 near the inlet side of the heat medium as compared with the outlet side, and the temperature gradient in the flow direction that occurs when the heat medium does not branch It is preferable to make it correspond appropriately.

[0110] Similarly, the passages 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e formed by the gaps 4 between the plates 1 are also connected in series according to the use conditions of hydrogen and the hydrogen storage alloy. A parallel connection state can be established (see Figures 19 to 23). These passages 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 d, 4 e communicate with an entrance / exit portion 11 provided in the outer shell plate 8 and an entrance / exit portion 13 provided in the other outer shell plate 9. The hydrogen storage alloy is sealed and accommodated in the passages 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through one of the inlet / outlet portions 11 and 13, and can exchange heat with the heat medium on the gap 3 side across the plate 1. On the other hand, the passage for storing and releasing hydrogen is connected to both of the two inlet / outlet portions 11 and 13, and hydrogen is injected and released only at the main inlet / outlet portion 11 (see FIG. 24) and others. In addition to the main entrance / exit part 11, other entrance / exit parts 13 can also be used to inject and discharge from the two entrance / exit parts 11 and 13 at once (see Fig. 25), increasing the injection and release rate. Thus, the characteristics of the hydrogen injection and release reaction can be improved.

[0111] The inlet 10 for the heat medium and the inlet / outlet 11 to which hydrogen is injected are installed on the opposite side, and the direction in which the heat medium flows through the plate 1 (path C) and the direction in which the hydrogen proceeds (path) However, this is not limited to this, and it is not limited to this, but it is a parallel flow relationship in which the heat medium flow direction is the same as the hydrogen flow direction. Set it so that

[0112] Next, a method for manufacturing a hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment will be described.

[0113] A plurality of plates 1 are squeezed with fins 2 and guide plates 5 appropriately disposed between each plate 1, and a ventilation member 30 is disposed in the space between plates 1 and fins 2. Then, the assembly is made by stacking and stacking the outer shell plates 8 and 9 on the outermost layer. Thus, the process can be simplified by installing the fins 2 and the ventilation material 30 when the plates 1 are stacked and assembled.

[0114] The assembly of the container body obtained in lamination, a predetermined degree of vacuum state was placed in a vacuum heating furnace in the furnace (e.g., 10 about ⁴ torr) gradually heated as. Note that heating in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar or He may be used. Temperature in the furnace is 840 ° C or higher; 1000 When reaching ° C, maintain this temperature and proceed with brazing. If the temperature is lowered after about 25 to 35 minutes and brazing is completed, an integrated container body 80 can be obtained.

[0115] Next, the sealing of the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment will be described. The inlet / outlet portions 11 and 13 of the container body 80 are previously provided with an injection valve used for normal hydrogen storage, a vacuum pump for generating a vacuum state in the apparatus and a hydrogen storage alloy injection, and a hydrogen storage alloy. It is assumed that a filter is installed to prevent the loss of water.

[0116] The hydrogen storage alloy 40 in the form of powder is introduced from the inlet / outlet part 13 side into the gap 4 that has been previously depressurized by the vacuum pump through the inlet / outlet part 11. A filter is disposed at the inlet / outlet portion 11, and the state in which the hydrogen storage alloy 40 is filled and sealed in the gap 4 is obtained without the hydrogen storage alloy 40 flowing out to the vacuum pump side. The encapsulated hydrogen storage alloy 40 is subjected to a predetermined activation process so that hydrogen can be stored and released, thereby functioning as a hydrogen storage container.

[0117] Further, the process of storing and releasing hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment will be described. As a component constituting a single hydrogen storage container, a hydrogen passage is connected to each of the inlet / outlet portions 11 and 13 together with the container body 80, and the main inlet / outlet portion 11 serving as a hydrogen injection / discharge portion is provided in the inlet / outlet portion 11 The control pulp or control valve and filter are installed, the valve is also installed on the inlet / outlet 13 side, and the supply and discharge lines for the heat medium required for hydrogen release and storage are connected to the inlet 10 and outlet 12 It is assumed that a state of functioning as a hydrogen storage container is obtained.

[0118] In the case of hydrogen storage, after the vacuum of the gap 4 is once evacuated, the inlet / outlet portions 11, 13 with respect to the hydrogen storage alloy 40 enclosed in the passages 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d formed by the gap 4 Hydrogen is injected at a high pressure from the inlet 10 and a low-temperature heat medium is supplied from the inlet 10. At the same time as hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage alloy 40, reaction heat is generated, but heat transfer through the fins 2 and plate 1 can quickly release the heat of the hydrogen storage alloy 40 to the heat medium side, making hydrogen efficient. Can absorb well S. In addition, hydrogen can travel through the gap between the hydrogen storage alloys 40 and also through the ventilation material S, and hydrogen can be distributed to the entire hydrogen storage alloy 40 in the gap 4 so that the storage can be performed with certainty. . The heat medium that took the heat of the hydrogen storage alloy 40 and increased its temperature The outer shell plate 8 is taken out from the outlet 12 to the outside of the container.

In the case of hydrogen release, a high-temperature heat medium is supplied from the inlet 10 to the hydrogen storage alloy 40 that has stored hydrogen. The reaction heat can be quickly given to the hydrogen storage alloy 40 from the heat medium side by heat transfer through the plate 1 and the fin 2, so that the power S can be efficiently released from the hydrogen storage alloy 40. In addition, the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage alloy 40 can travel through the gap between the hydrogen storage alloys 40 and also through the ventilation material 30, and quickly passes through the entrance / exit portions 11 and 13 from the clearance 4. It will be taken out to the outside. The heat medium whose temperature is lowered by applying heat to the hydrogen storage alloy 40 is taken out from the outlet 12 of the outer shell plate 8 to the outside of the container.

[0120] It should be noted that the force that uses the two inlet / outlet portions 11 and 13 for the storage and release of hydrogen is configured to use one inlet / outlet portion, or three or more inlet / outlet portions are provided. In addition, a configuration in which hydrogen is injected can be adopted, and the injection rate can be increased.

[0121] In addition, when hydrogen is injected into and discharged from the container, the force is configured to inject and discharge hydrogen in multiple paths using the two inlet / outlet ports 11 and 13. It is also possible to increase the characteristics of the hydrogen injection and release reaction by leaving the other inlet / outlet portions other than the main inlet / outlet portion open for injection without increasing the number of routes. In particular, as shown in FIG. 26, a control valve or a control valve and a filter are installed at the main inlet / outlet portion 11 for mainly injecting and releasing hydrogen, and a passage communicating with the other inlet / outlet portion 13. In addition, if the actuator is operated with a fluidizing device disposed therein and hydrogen or hydrogen and a hydrogen storage alloy are flowed, the hydrogen storage and release reaction characteristics of the hydrogen storage alloy that is easily solidified can be improved.

[0122] As described above, in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment, a large number of plates 1 and fins 2 are alternately combined to form a predetermined number of layers, and plate 1 is brazed together with fins 2. One of the two gaps formed between the plates 1 forming the container body 80 is a heat medium flow path, and the other gap 4 is an accommodation space for the hydrogen storage alloy 40, and the hydrogen storage alloy 40 and its reaction. Since the heat medium that controls the heat is in a state where heat is transferred through the plate 1 and the fin 2, a structure that can withstand the high pressure of coal as much as lOOMPa can be realized by joining the plate 1 and the fin 2. It is possible to make a container that is compact and has excellent pressure resistance performance. Thus, the cooling and heating characteristics are improved by the heat transfer, the heat absorption and heat release reactivity of the hydrogen storage alloy 40 is improved, and the hydrogen storage and release performance of the hydrogen storage alloy 40 is excellent. In addition, the installation force S of the fins 2 in the container, and the arrangement of the plates 1 between the plates 1 when stacking the plates 1 are extremely easy. Thickness and weight increase can be avoided, and cost can be reduced. Example 9

The ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 27 is an explanatory view showing respective states before and after brazing of the ventilation member in the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment.

[0124] In FIG. 27, the hydrogen storage container according to the present embodiment includes the plate 1, the fins 2, and the ventilation member 31 as in the eighth embodiment. Unlike the configuration in which the breathable air-permeable material 30 is disposed between the plates 1 at the time of laminating the plates, it foams when the temperature rises, hardens when cooled and returns to room temperature, and then breathable porous. The foam material 32 that maintains the quality state is used as the ventilation material 31.

[0125] The foam material 32 to be the ventilation material 31 is applied to the plate 1 and / or the fin 2 before the plate lamination (see Fig. 27 (a)), and foams in the process of heating and temperature rise due to brazing. After brazing, it will cool and harden to maintain a porous state that allows ventilation (see Fig. 27 (b)).

[0126] The ventilation material 31 obtained from the foam material 32 has fine voids and can increase the hydrogen permeability. In addition, if the foam material 32 is applied during the manufacturing process, it can function without any problem as the air-permeable material 31 after brazing, and the manufacturing process can be simplified extremely effectively.

[0127] In the hydrogen storage container according to each of the eighth and ninth embodiments, a ventilation material is provided in a gap between plates in which fins are provided to serve as a storage part for the hydrogen storage alloy. Not limited to this, under appropriate conditions of use, do not use a ventilation material, set the filling amount appropriately in consideration of the expansion rate of the hydrogen storage alloy, provide a predetermined ventilation space, In addition, there is no problem in that there is no problem with a fine gap that allows hydrogen to pass around the hydrogen storage alloy while providing maximum ventilation in consideration of the expansion coefficient of the hydrogen storage alloy without providing a ventilation space. Further, the hydrogen storage alloy container may be configured not to use a ventilation material.

[0128] In the hydrogen storage container according to each of the eighth and ninth embodiments, the fin 2 As shown in Fig. 10, not only this but also a flat fin 2a, corrugated twin 2b, noreno fin 2c, perforated fin 2d, etc. In addition, by appropriately setting the fin shape, the hydrogen storage / release performance of the hydrogen storage alloy can be optimized in accordance with the operating conditions. Fig. 28 shows a perspective view of a state in which a hydrogen vent is installed on the flat fin 2a. Furthermore, the fin shape, particularly the shape of the fin end face located on the inlet side to the gap, can be configured so that the hydrogen storage alloy can easily enter the gap between the fins. The filling rate can be improved. In addition, the plate 1 can be provided with a predetermined uneven pattern as long as it does not affect the bonding with the fins 2 and the guide plates 5 and 51. If the concave / convex pattern emphasizes fluid distribution to each part and another concave / convex pattern emphasizes heat exchange efficiency in the central area where the fins 2 are located, the hydrogen storage / release performance can be further improved.

[0129] Further, in the hydrogen storage container according to each of the first and second embodiments, the force is such that the hydrogen storage container is used alone for storage and release of hydrogen. It may be configured to be used for storing and releasing hydrogen in a state where a hydrogen storage system is constructed by connecting in series or in parallel.

[0130] Further, the hydrogen storage container according to each of the eighth and ninth embodiments is not only used as a hydrogen storage container by utilizing its excellent hydrogen storage performance, but also as a high purity hydrogen recovery container.禾 I'm going to use it for IJ.

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] At least a rectangular or rectangular metal plate, and a metal fin formed by forming a concavo-convex shape on the entire surface of a substantially plate-like body having substantially the same or smaller outer shape as the plate,

The plate is formed with an outer peripheral protruding wall in an upright state having a predetermined height substantially the same as the fin height with respect to a portion other than the peripheral edge at the peripheral edge of the plate,

A plurality of the plates are stacked so that the directions of the outer peripheral protruding walls coincide with each other and the fins are interposed one by one. The outer peripheral protruding wall tip of each plate and the outer peripheral protruding wall base of the other plate are stacked. The container body is formed by joining the contact portion with the end portion and the contact portion between the plate and the fin together by brazing in an integrated and airtight state,

Every other gap between the plates is divided into two groups, and a predetermined heating medium is circulated in each gap of one set, while a predetermined calorific value is placed in the other set of gaps. Circulate the thermal fluid,

One or a plurality of inlets and outlets of the heat medium communicating with the one set of gaps are respectively disposed on the outer surface of the container body, and the object to be heated communicated with the other set of gaps. A high pressure compact heat exchanger characterized in that one or a plurality of fluid inlet / outlet portions are arranged.

[2] The outer peripheral protruding wall is inclined outward from the vertical, and the contact portion between the outer peripheral protruding wall tip inner side portion and the outer peripheral protruding wall base end outer portion of the other plate is brazed. High pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger as described in 1.

[3] The height of claim 1, wherein a stepped portion is formed at a tip of the outer peripheral protruding wall, and the stepped portion is brazed to a contact portion between the outer peripheral protruding wall base portion of the other plate and its outer portion. Pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger.

[4] One of the two passages is formed so as not to branch from the inlet portion to the outlet portion, and the other passage does not branch from the inlet portion to the outlet portion! /, The high pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the high-pressure compact heat exchanger is a passage.

[5] One of the two passages is formed so as to reach the outlet portion without branching from the inlet portion, and the other passage is a passage branching from the inlet portion to the outlet portion. The high pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

[6] The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an arrangement direction of the uneven fins forms a desired angle with respect to a direction of the flow path of the heating medium and the fluid to be heated. High pressure resistant compact heat exchanger.

7. The high pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger according to claim 6, wherein the desired angle is any angle from 0 degrees to 90 degrees.

[8] The concavo-convex fins are divided into a desired number in the rectangular metal plate, and the arrangement direction of the divided concavo-convex fins and the flow paths of the high-pressure fluid and the heated fluid 6. The high pressure resistant compact heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each angle formed by is different from each other.

[9] On the outer side in the stacking direction of the plates to be stacked, an outer shell plate that is thicker and stronger than the plate and has the inlet portion, the outlet portion, and / or the inlet / outlet portion is stacked. Established,

The outer shell plate is joined to a front end of an outer peripheral protruding wall of another plate adjacent to the outer shell plate or a surface in the stacking direction of the other plate by brazing, and is integrated with the container body. Item 9. A high-pressure compact heat exchanger according to any one of Items 1 to 8.

[10] The high-pressure natural refrigerant is carbon dioxide, ammonia, a mixture of water and ammonia, isobutane, propane, normal butane, or propylene! /. High pressure resistant compact heat exchanger.

[11] On both sides of a large number of rectangular metal plates, on the outside of the uneven fins, there are guide plates with notched holes and flow holes arranged in parallel to allow fluid to flow to the own stage and other stages. The metal plate is provided integrally with the metal plate, and the metal plate is provided with a through hole at a location facing the notch hole and the through hole when the plurality of metal plates are stacked. The high pressure resistant compact heat exchanger according to any one of 1 to 9.

[12] The uneven fin is formed by one or a combination of an offset type, a flat fin type, a corrugated fin type, a louver type, a perforated type, and the like. High pressure-resistant compact heat exchanger as described.

[13] In the high pressure resistant compact heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 12, The plate and fin are made of stainless steel with a brazing tensile strength of 52 kgf / mm ² or more and a thickness of 0.3 mm or more.

The joint area of the plate and fin is 4 mm ² or more per joint, and for brazing, a brazing material strength of 20 kgf / mm ² or more is used. A high pressure compact heat exchanger characterized in that it is disposed in a part.

[14] A heat exchanger system comprising a plurality of high-pressure-resistant compact heat exchangers according to any one of claims 1 to 12 connected in series or in parallel.

[15] A plurality of metal plates having outer peripheral protruding walls that are in a standing state with a predetermined height with respect to a portion other than the periphery at the periphery of the plate, and a substantially plate having an outer shape substantially the same as or smaller than the plate Using at least metal fins formed on the entire surface of the concavo-convex shape, and laminating a plurality of the plates in a state in which the directions of the outer peripheral protruding walls coincide and the fins are interposed therebetween, A brazing material is disposed between the plates and the contact portions of the plates and fins.

High pressure-resistant compact, characterized in that the above-mentioned members in a stacked state are placed in a vacuum heating furnace, and the contact portions between the plates and the plates and fins are brazed to form an integrally joined state by heating. Manufacturing method of heat exchanger.

[16] A rectangular or rectangular metal plate and at least a metal fin formed by forming a concavo-convex shape on the entire surface of a substantially plate-like body having substantially the same or smaller outer shape as the plate,

Every other gap between the plates is divided into two groups, the same set, and a predetermined heat medium is circulated in each gap of one set, while a predetermined hydrogen is passed in the other set of gaps. Contains occlusion alloys,

One or a plurality of inlets and outlets of the heat medium that communicate with the gaps of the one set are disposed on the outer surface of the container body, and hydrogen storage that communicates with the gaps of the other set. A hydrogen storage container, wherein one or a plurality of inlets and outlets of an alloy and hydrogen are arranged.

[17] The hydrogen storage container according to claim 16,

In the gap between the plates to be laminated, between the plates and fins, a predetermined ventilation material that allows at least hydrogen gas to be ventilated when the container is completed is inserted or disposed, and the plates are brazed between the plates. A container for storing hydrogen, which is fixed to the container.

[18] The hydrogen storage container according to claim 17,

The hydrogen-absorbing container, wherein the ventilation material is formed of a heat-conductive material.

[19] The hydrogen storage container according to claim 17,

The air-permeable material is applied to the plate and / or fins before laminating the plate, foams in the process of heating and temperature rise accompanying brazing, and after the brazing is finished, it cools and hardens to form a porous state that allows ventilation. A hydrogen storage container characterized by being a predetermined foam material to be maintained.

[20] The hydrogen storage container according to any one of claims 16 to 19,

A plurality of the hydrogen inlet / outlet portions are provided, and a control valve, or a control valve and a filter are installed in a hydrogen passage connected to one inlet / outlet portion serving as a backbone of hydrogen injection and discharge, and the control valve or In the other hydrogen passage branched from the hydrogen passage on the one inlet / outlet side from the control valve and filter to the other inlet / outlet portion, an actuator or a flow device is installed to store and release hydrogen. A hydrogen storage container characterized by operating hydrogen or hydrogen and a hydrogen storage alloy by operating the actuator or flow device.

[21] The hydrogen storage container according to any one of claims 16 to 20,

The plate is formed with one or a plurality of opening holes communicating with the inlet portion, the outlet portion, or the inlet / outlet portion at an end portion,

The plate is disposed so that it can be brought into contact with and brazed to the end portion of the plate including the vicinity of the opening hole in the two plates sandwiching the gap in the gap between the plates. A guide plate having one or a plurality of through holes communicating with the opening hole, the inlet portion, the outlet portion, and / or the inlet / outlet portion,

The guide plate is characterized in that when the gap between the disposed plates is the same as the fluid passing through the flow hole, a part of the guide plate is cut out to allow the flow hole to communicate with the gap. A container for storing hydrogen.

[22] The hydrogen storage container according to any one of claims 16 to 21,

A hydrogen storage container, wherein the fin force S and the fin shape are formed of one or a combination of an offset type, a flat fin type, a corrugated fin type, a louver type, and a perforated type.

[23] The hydrogen storage container according to any one of claims 16 to 22,

On the outside in the stacking direction of the stacked plates, an outer shell plate that is thicker and stronger than the plate and that forms the inlet portion, outlet portion, and / or inlet / outlet portion is laminated and disposed.

The outer shell plate is integrated into the container body by brazing to the tip of the outer peripheral protruding wall of another plate adjacent to the outer shell plate or the surface in the stacking direction of the other plate by brazing. Container for storage.

[24] The hydrogen storage container according to any one of claims 16 to 23,

The plate and fin are made of stainless steel with a brazing tensile strength of 52 kgf / mm ² or more and a thickness of 0.3 mm or more.

The joint area of the plate and fin is 4 mm ² or more per joint, and for brazing, a brazing material strength of 20 kgf / mm ² or more is used. Hydrogen storage capacity, characterized by being disposed in the part

[25] A plurality of metal plates having outer peripheral protruding walls that are in a standing state with a predetermined height with respect to a portion other than the periphery at the periphery of the plate, and a substantially plate having an outer shape substantially the same as or smaller than the plate Using at least metal fins formed on the entire surface of the concavo-convex shape, and laminating a plurality of the plates in a state in which the directions of the outer peripheral protruding walls coincide and the fins are interposed therebetween, In the contact portions between the plates and between the plates and fins, A brazing material is disposed, and a ventilation material that allows hydrogen gas to pass through is disposed at a predetermined position. The laminated members are placed in a heating furnace, and the plates and the plates and fins are heated to each other. A method for producing a hydrogen storage container, characterized in that each contact portion is brazed to form an integrally joined state.